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Presentation COMPLETE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER VIRUS INACTIVATION DURING LYSIS IN THE FILMARRAY BIOTHREAT-E ASSAY DEMONSTRATES THE BIOSAFETY OF THIS TEST. Olivier Ferraris (3), Françoise Gay-Andrieu (1), Marie Moroso (2), Fanny Jarjaval (3), Mark Miller (1), Christophe N. Peyrefitte (3) (1) bioMérieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France, (2) Fondation Mérieux, France (3) Unité de Virologie, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France Background : Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a group of illnesses caused by mainly five families of viruses namely Arenaviridae, Filoviridae , Bunyaviridae (Orthonairovirus genus ), Flaviviruses and Paramyxovirus (Henipavirus genus). The filovirus species known to cause disease in humans, Ebola virus (Zaire Ebolavirus), Sudan virus (Sudan Ebolavirus), Tai Forest virus (Tai Forest Ebolavirus), Bundibugyo virus (Bundibugyo Ebolavirus), and Marburg virus are restricted to Central Africa for 35 years, and spread to Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone in early 2014. Lassa fever is responsible for disease outbreaks across West Africa and in Southern Africa in 2008, with the identification of novel world arenavirus (Lujo virus). Henipavirus spread South Asia to Australia. CCHFv spread asia to south europa. They are transmitted from host reservoir by direct contacts or through vectors such as ticks bits. Working with VHF viruses, need a Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratory, however during epidemics such observed with Ebola virus in 2014, the need to diagnose rapidly the patients raised the necessity to develop local laboratories These viruses represents a threat to healthcare workers and researches who manage infected diagnostic samples in laboratories. Aim : 1 Inactivation step An FilmArray Bio Thereat-E assay for detection of Hemorrhagic fever viruse Interfering substance HF virus + FA Lysis Buffer such as Ebola virus was developed to respond to Hemorrhagic fever virus 106 Ebola virus Whole blood + outbreak. BSA 30g.l-1 Questions have been raised about whether the clinical sample remains biohazardous after injection into the FilmArray (FA) pouch. 4 min contact The FilmArray pouch contains all the required reagents for sample preparation, reverse transcription-PCR, PCR, and detection in a freeze-dried, 2 Buffer exchange step Centrifugation Viral stock : Virus + PBS + PBS room temperature stable format. Prior to a run, the operator injects (before « buffer exchange step) hydration solution and the unknown sample into the pouch. Illustra Microspin S+400HR Spiking: Virus + interfering + PBS Buffer exchange (after « buffer exchange step ») We sought to assess the biosafety of the FA Biothreat-E test by measuring Toxicity control : PBS +interfering + FA Lysis Buffer the Ebola viral, Nipah viral and CCHFV inactivation after exposure to the FA lysis buffer in BSA and whole blood condition. All infectious work was performed inside a BSL-4 facility in Lyon, France. Vero E6 cell cultures infection To reproduce and assess the immediate virus-inactivating effect of the FA 3 3 Passages All conditions were performed in triplicate lysis buffer after sample injection into the FA pouch, cultured Ebola virus, (36 flasks by passages) Nipah and CCHFv were performed after 4 min contact with the FA lysis 3a 3b buffer, three passages were performed to ensure the inactivation efficacy. Starting concentration of Ebola virus, Nipah virus and CCHF virus were Infectious titer determination 6 6 7 respectively of 9,55 10 FFU/ml, 7,44 10 FFU/ml, and 5,53 10 FFU/ml. 10 fold dilutions series in 96 qRT-PCR (Trombley A.R., Am J wells Vero E6 cell cultures Trop Med Hyg, 2010) This study showed a rapid and total inactivation of HFV virus after contact plate with the FA lysis buffer. This result supports the concept that the standard operating procedure of the FA Biothreat-E test is safe for laboratory 4 personnel as soon as the virus is in contact with the lysis buffer after specimen injection into the self-contained pouch. Revelation RESULTS Blood spiking BSA spiking Blood spiking BSA spiking 12,00 12,00 14,00 14,00 10,00 10,00 12,00 12,00 detection detection 10,00 10,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 6,00 6,00 virus virus 6,00 6,00 Log (PFU/ml)) Log (PFU/ml) Log (PFU/ml) 4,00 Log (PFU/ml)) 4,00 4,00 4,00 2,00 2,00 2,00 2,00 0,00 0,00 Viral Spiking P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 0,00 0,00 Infectious Viral Stock Spiking P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 Stock Infectious Viral Stock Spiking P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 Viral Stock Spiking P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 No treatment Treatment No treatment Treatment No treatment Treatment No treatment Treatment CCHF virus CCHF virus Ebola virus Ebola virus Viral stock Blood Spiking Blood pellet Blood Supernatant Viral stock BSA Spiking BSA pellet BSA Supernatant Viral stock Blood Spiking Blood pellet Blood Supernatant Viral stock BSA Spiking BSA pellet BSA Supernatant CCHF virus Ebola virus Blood spiking BSA spiking Blood spiking BSA spiking 35,00 35,00 35,00 35,00 30,00 30,00 30,00 30,00 25,00 25,00 25,00 25,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 detection Cp (/5µl) Cp (/5µl) Cp (/5µl) Cp Cp (/5µl) Cp 15,00 15,00 15,00 15,00 detection 10,00 10,00 10,00 10,00 5,00 5,00 5,00 5,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 DNA virus DNA Spiking P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 Spiking P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 Spiking P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 Spiking P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 DNA virus DNA No treatment Treatment No treatment Treatment No treatment Treatment No treatment Treatment CCHF virus CCHF virus Ebola virus Ebola virus Blood Spiking Blood pellet Blood Supernatant BSA Spiking BSA pellet BSA Supernatant Blood Spiking Blood pellet Blood Supernatant BSA Spiking BSA pellet BSA Supernatant Blood spiking BSA spiking Ebola virus, Nipah virus and CCHF virus were passaged three times in VERO E6 cells. At first, VeroE6 cells 14,00 14,00 were infected by Ebola virus, Nipah virus and CCHF virus at 9,55 106 FFU/ml, 7,44 106 FFU/ml, and 5,53 12,00 12,00 107 FFU/ml respectively with or without treatment. 10,00 10,00 Supernatants from virus-infected cells were collected at 96 hpi and used for the next passage. The P1, P2, 8,00 8,00 detection and P3 viruses were characterized by analyzing the amount of infectious virus released into the 6,00 6,00 Log (PFU/ml) Log (PFU/ml) supernatant of infected cells. virus 4,00 4,00 Quantification of viral RNA of VeroE6 cells infected with hemorragic fever viruses treated with the 2,00 2,00 indicated concentrations of FALysis Buffer or without treatment was done by RT-qPCR. 0,00 0,00 Viral Stock Spiking P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 Viral Stock Spiking P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 • No viral RNA were detected at each passages after FALysis treatment (Ct value >30). No treatment Treatment No treatment Treatment Infectious Nipah virus Nipah virus Titers infectious virus released into the supernatant of infected cells at each passages were quantified by Viral stock Blood Spiking Blood pellet Blood Supernatant Viral stock BSA Spiking BSA pellet BSA Supernatant plaque assay in VeroE6 cells; only three experiments were performed. • No infectious virus were detected at each passages after FALysis Treatment (Titers < Nipah virus 2Log). Blood spiking BSA spiking FA Lysis activity 35,00 35,00 4 min contact with the FA lysis buffer is enough to inactivate more than 4 log of Ebola virus, Nipah and 30,00 30,00 CCHF virus. These results confirmed preliminary results obtained on vaccinia virus and Ebola virus. 25,00 25,00 This study showed a rapid and total inactivation of HF virus after contact with the FA lysis buffer. 20,00 20,00 This result supports the concept that the standard operating procedure of the FA Biothreat-E test is safe Cp (/5µl) 15,00 Cp (/5µl) 15,00 for laboratory personnel as soon as the virus is in contact with the lysis buffer after specimen injection detection 10,00 10,00 into the self-contained pouch. 5,00 5,00 0,00 Spiking P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 0,00 No treatment Treatment Spiking P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 DNA virus DNA After Centrifugation/Columns No treatment Treatment Nipah virus Nipah virus Blood Spiking Blood pellet Blood Supernatant BSA Spiking BSA pellet BSA Supernatant Olivier Ferraris, [email protected] Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées 1, place du général Valérie André 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge .
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