23rd Meeting of the OIE Sub-Commission for Foot and Mouth Disease in South-East Asia, China and Mongolia 9-10 March, 2017, Siem Reap, Cambodia

FMD Surveillance and Initiative of Border Control Zones in Yunnan Province of China P.R. China

Dr. Li Huachun

Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Disease Laboratory Kunming, P. R. China Outline

• Background

• FMDV Pathogen and Serologic Surveillance

• Propose Border FMD Control Zones Back Ground of Yunnan Border

Yunnan Mongolia Province

辽宁 4060 kilometers 内蒙古 Kear. 北京 boarder with Vietnam, Lao PDR 山西

甘肃 and Myanmar.

China 8 prefectures, 25 counties, 209 township villages along the border. Yunnan Province Myanmar 50 traffic roads, 1 Laos rail way link and more than 1000 Thailand small paths Vietnam connecting with . Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam. Kunming Yunnan Yunnan Kunming

YUNNAN

Vietnam Lao’s Borders with Lao’s and Myanmar Namhkam（Myanmar）--- Longdao (China) Panghsang(Myanmar) -Meng’a(China) Chiang Rai (Thailand)---Bokeo(Laos)-- Boten(Lao’s)---Mohan (China) Chiang Rai (Thailand)- )---Bokeo(Lao’s)-- Soley (Myanmar) -Jinghong City (China) Main movement pathways

• There are 4 main pathways that cattle and buffalos entering China directly from Myanmar and Laos and Thailand. The number estimated are more than 1 million per year.

– Number 1: Road pathway

• Chiang Rai (Thailand )---Bokeo(Laos) --- Luang Namtha ---Boten ---Mohan (China) --- Mengla

300 head/day (approximately 100,000 head/year).

– Number 2: Boat pathway

• Chiang Rai (Thailand) ---Soley (Myanmar) --- Damenglong, Jinghong City (China).

1200 head/day (approximately 432,000 head/year).

– Number 3:Road pathway

• Mandalay (Myanmar)---Lashio---Panghsang ---Meng’a (Mengma ,China)--- Menglian 500 head/day (approximately 180,000 head/year).

– Number 4: Road pathway

• Mandalay (Myanmar)---Lashio---Namhkam---Longdao or Lashio---Muse---Ruili 800-1000 head/day (approximately 300,000 head per year).

Different breeds of cattle and buffalos Cattle and buffalo from non-GMS countries

YunnanKunming Yunnan

Cattle and Buffalo Pig Fattened cattle from non GMS countries by sea Animal Movement (Pathways in Yunnan, Guangxi and South China)

Kunming

India Nannin

Cattle and Buffalo Pig FMD pathogen and Serologic Surveillance for the cattle and buffalo originated from other countries

• Borders targeted

– China-Myanmar Border • Ruili County • Mangshi County • Genma County • Menlian County • Lancang County • Menghai County • Jinghong County – China-Lao’s Border • Mengla County • Jiangcheng County – China-Vietnam Border – Funing County

• Animals targeted and specimens collected

– The cattle and buffalo originated from other countries (Sera, OP fluids) – Slaughter house (lymph nodes)

• Laboratory test and data analysis – Antibody test C-ELISA ，NSP-ELISA – FMDV RNA Group test： qPCR Typing：RT-PCR and sequence Oesophageal-pharyngeal (OP) liquid collection

Probang (sputum) cup

Probang cup washed with tap water after treated with sodium hydroxide before used for another collection. Serum collection Extraction of Total RNA Using a MagMax-96™ Total RNA Isolation Kit

12min on MME-24 / 15 min on MME-96 per run qRT-PCR for 60 min Serological results of FMDV for the cattle and buffalo originated from other countries (Yunnan 2014-2015）

Number Province of O A Asia-1 NSP tested

Yunnan 3837 1469 38.29% 880 22.93% 776 20.22% 1162 30.28%

(Yunnan 2016）

Number Province of O A Asia-1 NSP tested

Yunnan 2799 817 29.92% 215 7.22% 881 30.70% 905 34.67% FMDV RNA Test for lymph nodes collected from pigs, cattle and buffalo at slaughter houses (Yunnan 2016) Animal Number of animal location qRT-PCR RT-PCR virus number test 1-100 pig Menglong, Jinghong 100 0 O SEA /Mya-98 101-200 cattle Funing,Wenshang 100 5 2 O Cathay 201-250 pig Mengla 50 0 251-270 pig Cangyuan 20 0 0 271-280 cattle Cangyuan 10 0 281-290 cattle Zhengkang 10 1 0 290-310 pig Zhengkang 20 0 311-350 pig Gengma 40 0 351-430 cattle Mangshi 80 1 1 O SEA /Mya-98 431-462 pig Mangshi 30 0 463-562 pig Menghai 100 0 563-662 cattle Menglian 100 0 663-762 cattle Jinghong 100 0 Cattle 400 7 Positive 1.75% pig 360 0 Positive 0% total 760 7 Positive 0.9% cattle and buffalo came from neighbor countries FMDV RNA Test for OP fluid collected from cattle and buffalo from Lao’s, Thailand and Myanmar (Yunnan 2016)

Number of FMDV Typing by RT-PCT County Number of animal Positive by Real Time PCR O A Asia-1

Mangshi 51 0 0 0 0

Jinghong 31 3 2 1 0

Menghai 32 6 1 0 0

Menglian 42 0 0 0 0

Gengma 30 0 0 0 0

Funing 30 1 0 1 0

Total 216 10 3 2 0

Positive rate / 4.63% 1.39% 0.92% 0% FMDV O FMDV A

O/JPN/2000 A/HY/CHA/2013 O/SAR/1/2000 O/SKR/1/2002 A/GDMM/CHA/2013 O/IRQ/30/2000 O/VIT/1/2003 A/YNJH/CHA/95/2016 O/AFG/210/2004 O/SYR/3/2002 ME-SA Strain A/MAY/4/2012 Southeast Asia group O/TUR/7/2003 O/BHU/40/2004 Pan-Asia A/VIT/20/2012 O/NEP/6/2003 O/IRN/20/2004 A/YNFN/CHA/2/2016 O/YNJH/CHA/102/2016 O/BANGO/Ka-236(Pig)/2015 A/MAY/2/2002 Asia genetic lineage O/CAM/2/98 O/TAI/2/2000 A/IRN/2/87 O/YNMH/CHA/31/2016 O/YNJH/CHA/100/2016 Southeast Asia Strain A/IRN/22/99 O/TAI/3/2003 O/MYA/1/98 Mya-98 A/YNML/CHA/1/2015 O/TAI/4/99 South Asia and west Asia group O/KEN/2/95 A/IRQ/33/2002 O/GHA/5/93 West Afric Strain O/ALG/1/99 A/IRQ/17/2000 O/CIV/8/99 O/JAV/5/72 A/TUR/17/2001 O/ISA/1/74

O/ISA/1/62 Indonesin Strain A/ETH/7/92 O/ISA/8/83 O/ISA/9/74 A/SUD/1/85 O/PHI/12/2004 Africa genetic lineage O/TW/257/2009 A/GAM/44/98 O/YNML/CHA/2/2015 CATHAY Strain O/HKN/16/96 A/NIG/4/79 O/TAW/81/97 O/TW/256/2001 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 Proposed FMD Border Control Zones for Safety Animal Movement

West Lancang Rive Control Zone

Pilot Countries

−Ruili −Ruili

−Jinghong −Jinghong −Menghai −Menghai • Proposed zoning collaboration

Control zone and safety animal movement corridors

曼德勒-腊戌-南坎（弄岛）-瑞丽通道

清莱-波桥-磨憨通道 • To support cross border animal movement management and FMD zoning, YASVI were supported by MoA through Agricultural International Cooperation Projects and Animal Disease Surveillance Funding :

– Animal disease surveillance for FMD (since 2014)

– SEACFMD and UMWG cooperation (since 2012)

– Laboratory Training on Diagnosis of Trans-boundary Animal Disease (for Vietnam, Myanmar and Lao’s)（2015）

– Laboratory Training on Diagnosis of Trans-boundary Animal Disease (for Vietnam, Myanmar and Lao’s)（2016）

– The Workshop and Field Trip Study for Trans-boundary Animal Disease Control on China-Laos and China-Myanmar Border Areas (2016）

– ADB Core Agriculture Support Program Phase II (CASP 2)LOA PROJECT

Conclusion

• China is one important destination market for beef and beef cattle from South and South East Asia. Our studies results indicate that 4.63% cattle and buffalo illegally moved into China could carry FMDV. Cross borders and long distance movements of cattle and buffalo will be continually creating risks to spread FMDV and cause outbreaks in farms, especially for pigs and dairy cows which could cause huge loses due to FMD outbreaks.

• It is not possible to control and maintaining FMD free without control susceptible animal move from one country to another. Regulating cross border livestock movement through zoning and tracing system will not only improve the control of FMD but also create opportunities to get cattle and buffalos to access to Chinese markets. Farmers and traders will be benefited by increasing their incomes and trading profits by formalizing cross border movement. Governments will also be benefited by stop FMDV spreading and reduce the cost on prevention and control. This will also be good for insuring beef supply and food safety.

• Test of OP fluids to identify FMDV carry animals is more sensitive than the test of lymph nodes by high throughput qRT-PCR. The qRT-PCR can be used for screen large number of live animals with no clinical signs to screen FMDV carry animals and also to monitoring the prevalent of FMDV.

Thank you!