DOCSLIB.ORG

Oak Ridge National Laboratory Sic/Sic Composites Technology Gap Analysis for Molten Salt Reactors

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Oak Ridge National Laboratory Sic/Sic Composites Technology Gap Analysis for Molten Salt Reactors ORNL/TM-2018/842 Oak Ridge National Laboratory SiC/SiC Composites Technology Gap Analysis for Molten Salt Reactors Josina W. Geringer Takaaki Koyanagi Yoonjo Lee Yutai Katoh Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited. June 2018 DOCUMENT AVAILABILITY Reports produced after January 1, 1996, are generally available free via US Department of Energy (DOE) SciTech Connect. Website www.osti.gov Reports produced before January 1, 1996, may be purchased by members of the public from the following source: National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 Telephone 703-605-6000 (1-800-553-6847) TDD 703-487-4639 Fax 703-605-6900 E-mail [email protected] Website http://classic.ntis.gov/ Reports are available to DOE employees, DOE contractors, Energy Technology Data Exchange representatives, and International Nuclear Information System representatives from the following source: Office of Scientific and Technical Information PO Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831 Telephone 865-576-8401 Fax 865-576-5728 E-mail [email protected] Website http://www.osti.gov/contact.html This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. ORNL/TM-2018/842 Material Science and Technology Division SIC/SIC COMPOSITES TECHNOLOGY GAP ANALYSIS FOR MOLTEN SALT REACTORS Authors: Josina W. Geringer Takaaki Koyanagi Yoonjo Lee Yutai Katoh Date Published: June 2018 Prepared by OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6283 managed by UT-BATTELLE, LLC for the US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................... viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................................................................................................... xii 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 1 2. DESIGN METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................ 2 2.1 TYPES OF REACTORS AND DESIGN MATURITY ............................................................. 2 2.2 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS FOR SIC COMPONENTS, FUNCTION, GENERAL REQUIREMENTS, AND REACTOR LOCATION .................................................................. 5 2.3 TYPICAL TEMPERATURES, FLUENCE, AND LOADING CONDITIONS ...................... 11 2.4 CODE DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES FOR SiC STRUCTURAL MATERIALS ................ 13 2.5 LICENSING ASPECTS ........................................................................................................... 16 2.6 THE TECHNOLOGY GAPS IN THE DESIGN METHODOLOGY ...................................... 17 3. MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING ........................................................................................ 18 3.1 COMPOSITES: FIBERS, MATRICES, AND INTERFACE .................................................. 18 3.1.1 Fiber ............................................................................................................................. 18 3.1.2 Matrix ........................................................................................................................... 19 3.1.3 Interface ....................................................................................................................... 20 3.2 JOINING AND INTEGRATION TECHNOLOGIES .............................................................. 20 3.2.1 Joint Processing ........................................................................................................... 21 3.2.2 Assembly Technologies ............................................................................................... 21 3.2.3 Properties of the Joints ................................................................................................. 22 3.3 FABRICATION OF SiC COMPONENTS ............................................................................... 23 3.4 TECHNOLOGY GAPS FOR SiC/SiC MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING ................ 27 4. PROPERTIES AND RADIATION EFFECTS .................................................................................. 28 4.1 IRRADIATION EFFECTS ....................................................................................................... 28 4.1.1 Dimensional Stability ................................................................................................... 28 4.1.2 Mechanical Properties .................................................................................................. 29 4.1.3 Thermal Properties ....................................................................................................... 30 4.2 MICRO-CRACKING RELATED ISSUES .............................................................................. 31 4.3 TECHNOLOGY GAPS IN THE PHYSICAL/MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND RADIATION EFFECTS ........................................................................................................... 32 5. CHEMICAL COMPATIBILITY ....................................................................................................... 33 5.1 MODES OF SiC CORROSION ............................................................................................... 33 5.1.2 SiC interactions with moisture-based impurities, tritium, and gaseous fission products ........................................................................................................................ 36 5.2 THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SALTS .................................................................. 40 5.2.1 Physical Chemistry of Candidate Coolant Salts ........................................................... 40 5.3 THE TECHNOLOGY GAPS FOR CHEMICAL COMPATIBILITy ...................................... 45 6. CONCLUSION AND PATH FORWARD ......................................................................................... 46 7. REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................... 48 7.1 SECTION 1 ............................................................................................................................... 48 7.2 SECTION 2 ............................................................................................................................... 48 7.3 SECTION 3 ............................................................................................................................... 49 7.4 SECTION 4 ............................................................................................................................... 51 7.5 SECTION 5 ............................................................................................................................... 52 iii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1. Comparative neutron flux spectra normalized to neutron energy between the AHTR, GT-MHR, PB-AHTR, and a pressurized water reactor [PWR]. ...................................................... 4 Figure 2.2. Neutron spectrum in a zirconium hydride–moderated TAP LFMSR at the beginning and end of life. ................................................................................................................................. 4 Figure 2.3. Stress-strain curves for (a) weak interface ceramics (SiC/SiC) and (b) weak matrix ceramics (C/C) composites. ............................................................................................................. 6 Figure 2.4. Elevation view of the FHR-DR showing the reactor core within the vessel. ............................. 7 Figure 2.5. The Sm-AHTR annular cylindrical fuel option fuel bundle isometric and cross section view with the graphite channel. ....................................................................................................... 7 Figure 2.6. The Sm-AHTR and AHTR fuel assembly designs. .................................................................... 8 Figure 2.7. Top portion of the AHTR control blade. .................................................................................... 9 Figure 2.8. TMSR-SF cross-sectional view. ............................................................................................... 10 Figure 2.9. AHTR reference core. ............................................................................................................... 11 Figure 2.10. FHR-DR radial averaged fuel temperature. ............................................................................ 11 Figure 2.11. The AHTR reference core modelled fuel temperatures. ......................................................... 12 Figure 2.12. Region wise fast flux (E >50 keV) in the AHTR
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Structure Dependence of the Diamagnetism of Graphitizing Carbons
    NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Technical Report 32-1208 Structure Dependence of the Diamagnetism of Graphitizing Carbons D. B. Fischbach (ACCESSION NUMBER) (THRU) (PAGES) (CODE) B (NASA cVoFTTMxTOR AD NUMBER) (CATEGORY) u I "(AVAILABLE TO NASA OFFICES AND 1 r^-RESEARCH CENTERS ONLY UJ U O9- JU= ao O !JT 5 ? § 5 i ft. u. O U JET PROPULSION LABORATORY CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PASADENA, CALIFORNIA December 1, 1967 NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Technical Report 32-1208 Structure Dependence of the Diamagnetism of Graphitizing Carbons D. B. Fischbach Approved by: H. E. Martens, Manager Materials Section JET PROPULSION LABORATORY CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PASADENA, CALIFORNIA December ], 1967 TECHNICAL REPORT 32-7208 Copyright © 1967 Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Prepared Under Contract No MAS 7-100 National Aeronautics & Space Administration P CED.NG PAGE BLANK NOT Acknowledgment Special thanks are extended to O. J. Guentert of the Research Division, Raytheon Co., for providing a set of pyrolytic carbon samples with known crys- tallite layer diameter La; and to C. W. Nezbeda, Parma Technical Center, Union Carbide Corp., for supplying the pure silver calibration sample. R. J. Diefendorf (then of the Research Laboratory, General Electric Co.), now of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and D. Schiff, formerly of Hi-Temp Materials Corp., sup- plied many of the other pyrolytic carbons. O. Kilham and T. Baugh (suscepti- bility) and T. Rogacs (X-ray diffraction), formerly of JPL, assisted in taking the data. Appreciation is extended to H. E. Martens, JPL, for support and helpful discussions. JPL TECHNICAL REPORT 32-7208 Page intentionally left blank Page intentionally left blank PRECEDING PAGE BLANK NOT FILMED.
    [Show full text]
  • Selective Direct Laser Writing of Pyrolytic Carbon Microelectrodes in Absorber-Modified SU-8
    micromachines Article Selective Direct Laser Writing of Pyrolytic Carbon Microelectrodes in Absorber-Modified SU-8 Emil Ludvigsen 1 , Nina Ritter Pedersen 1, Xiaolong Zhu 2, Rodolphe Marie 2, David M. A. Mackenzie 3 , Jenny Emnéus 4, Dirch Hjorth Petersen 5, Anders Kristensen 2 and Stephan Sylvest Keller 1,* 1 National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345B, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; [email protected] (E.L.); [email protected] (N.R.P.) 2 Department of Health Technology, DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; [email protected] (X.Z.); [email protected] (R.M.); [email protected] (A.K.) 3 Department of Physics, DTU Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, Building 311, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; [email protected] 4 Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; [email protected] 5 Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, DTU Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, Building 310, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +45-45-25-58-46 Abstract: Pyrolytic carbon microelectrodes (PCMEs) are a promising alternative to their conventional metallic counterparts for various applications. Thus, methods for the simple and inexpensive patterning of PCMEs are highly sought after. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of PCMEs through Citation: Ludvigsen, E.; Pedersen, the selective pyrolysis of SU-8 photoresist by irradiation with a low-power, 806 nm, continuous N.R.; Zhu, X.; Marie, R.; Mackenzie, wave, semiconductor-diode laser.
    [Show full text]
  • In Pyrolytic Carbons ,\
    NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMlNlSTRATtON .. in Pyrolytic Carbons ,\ 'I $ h GPO PRICE $ CFSTI PRICE(S) $ -1 I ! Hard copy (HC) 2 -0a Microfiche (MF) <I ff853 July 65 ET PROPULSION LABORATORY $ CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 8 PASAD E N A, C A LI FOR N I A February 1, 1966 NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Technical Report No. 32-532 Kinetics of Graphitization !. !. The Higb - Temperature Structural Transformation in Pyrolytic Carbons E. S. Fischbach (<. (<. oe, Manager Kterials Section JET PROPULSION LABORATORY CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PASADENA.CALIFORNIA February 1, 1966 Copyright @ 1966 Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Prepared Under Contract No. NAS 7-100 National Aeronautics & Space Administration . JPL TECHNICAL REPORT NO . 32-532 CONTENTS 1 . Introduction ..................... 1 II. Experimental Procedure ................ 3 A . Materials ..................... 3 B . Measurement Techniques ............... 5 C . Heat Treatment ................... 6 111 . Experimental Results ................. 7 A . Unit-Cell Height ................... 7 B . Diamagnetic Susceptibility ............... 9 C . Preferred Orientation (x-ray) .............. 10 D . Apparent Crystallite Diameter .............. 11 E . Microstructure ...................11 F. Dimensional Changes .................13 G . Activation Energy for Graphitization ............ 13 IV. Discussion ...................... 16 V . Summary ...................... 21 Annnnrliv A Una+ Trna+mnnk Ttmn rnrrar+inn . _-9.3 r.rr. ..-.0. ...... I...
    [Show full text]
  • Bi Nanoparticles Anchored in N-Doped Porous Carbon As Anode of High Energy Density Lithium Ion Battery
    Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10:56 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-018-0209-1 ARTICLE Bi Nanoparticles Anchored in N-Doped Porous Carbon as Anode of High Energy Density Lithium Ion Battery Yaotang Zhong1 . Bin Li1 . Shumin Li1 . Shuyuan Xu1 . Zhenghui Pan1 . Qiming Huang1,2 . Lidan Xing1,2 . Chunsheng Wang3 . Weishan Li1,2 Received: 23 March 2018 / Accepted: 10 May 2018 Ó The Author(s) 2018 Highlights • The Bi nanoparticles anchored in N-doped porous carbon (Bi@NC) composite was prepared by a facile replacement reaction method, in which ultrasmall Bi nanoparticles were homogeneously encapsulated in the carbon matrix • The N-doped carbon matrix enhanced the electric conductivity and alleviated the mechanical strain of Bi nanoparticles on Li insertion/extraction due to the larger void space, and Bi@NC exhibits excellent cyclic stability and rate capability for LIBs • The strategy developed in this work solves the cyclic instability issue of bismuth as anode for LIBs and provides a new approach to improve high volumetric energy density for electrochemical energy storage devices. Abstract A novel bismuth–carbon composite, in which 2.5V 2.5V Bi bismuth nanoparticles were anchored in a nitrogen-doped + i Bi@NC Li + L + carbon matrix (Bi@NC), is proposed as anode for high Li 0.90v volumetric energy density lithium ion batteries (LIBs). 0.75v + Li + BiLi@NC Li Electronic supplementary material The online version of this (Lithium insertion) Bi article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-018-0209-1) contains supple- (Lithium extraction) mentary material,
    [Show full text]
  • Two-Fluid Molten-Salt Breeder Reactor Design Study (Status As of January 1, 1968)
    ORNL-4528 Two-Fluid Molten-Salt Breeder Reactor Design Study (Status as of January 1, 1968) R.C. Robertson O.L. Smith R.B. Briggs E.S. Bettis AUGUST 1970 OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 operated by UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION for the U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION Contents 1 Introduction 6 2 Resume of Design Considerations 8 3 Materials 13 3.1 General . 13 3.2 Salts . 14 3.3 Hastelloy N . 20 3.4 Graphite . 22 3.5 Graphite-to-Metal Joints . 26 4 General Plant Description and Flowsheets 28 4.1 General . 28 4.2 Site . 28 4.3 Reactor Plant . 32 4.4 Turbine Plant . 47 4.5 Salt Processing Plant . 52 5 Major Components 57 5.1 Reactor . 57 5.2 Fuel Salt Primary Heat Exchanger . 67 5.3 Blanket Salt Primary Heat Exchanger . 70 5.4 Salt Circulating Pumps . 73 5.5 Off-Gas System . 78 5.6 Drain Tanks . 79 5.7 Steam Generators . 85 5.8 Steam Reheaters . 89 5.9 Reheat Steam Preheaters . 89 5.10 Maintenance . 92 6 Reactor Physics and Fuel Cycle Analysis 94 6.1 Optimization of Reactor Parameters . 94 6.2 Useful Life of Moderator Graphite . 100 6.3 Flux Flattening . 104 6.4 Fuel Cell Calculations . 105 6.5 Temperature Coefficients of Reactivity . 107 6.6 Dynamics Analysis . 108 7 Cost Estimates 112 7.1 General . 112 7.2 Construction Costs . 112 1 7.3 Power Production Costs . 115 A Cost Estimates 117 List of Figures 2.1 Simplified Flow Diagram of Two-Fluid MSBR .
    [Show full text]
  • Maglev Train in Station - Yosemite Via Wikimedia Creative Commons
    Acknowledgements This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under the NSF EPSCoR Cooperative Agreement No. EPS-1003897 with additional support from the Louisiana Board of Regents Thanks to the helpful people at LSU who gave me the opportunity, the idea, help with demonstrations, and help with content. David Young, Juana Moreno, Phillip Sprunger, Mark Jarrell, Les Bulter, the entire LASIGMA organization. Copyright Information The material in this book is a product of an NSF grant. Copyrights are maintained. Images and videos (not otherwise cited) were created by the author. Front Cover Image Citation 1. Magnet Floating on Superconductor - Shawn Liner 2. Cooper Pair Illustration - Shawn Liner 3. MRI Scan - Jan Ainali via wikimedia commons 4. Shanghai Transrapid Maglev Train in Station - Yosemite via Wikimedia Creative Commons How to Use This Ebook his Book was written as an introduction to individuals curious about superconductivity. It T was born from a frustration in getting a clear idea about superconductivity without getting frustrated on currently available webpages. The target audience is high school students with some science background. However, the casual adult might find it interesting as well. It does not attempt to teach detailed, merely to introduce the topic and hopefully pique curiosity. ictures in this book are usually clickable. At the least, clicking a picture will open a larger/ P zoomable version of that picture. Some pictures have been enhanced with callouts that allow you to get information on the picture itself. ideo demos have been included which show you a demo that may be done in a classroom.
    [Show full text]
  • High Temperature SU-8 Pyrolysis for Fabrication of Carbon Electrodes
    Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Sep 25, 2021 High temperature SU-8 pyrolysis for fabrication of carbon electrodes Hassan, Yasmin Mohamed; Caviglia, Claudia; Hemanth, Suhith; Mackenzie, David; Alstrøm, Tommy Sonne; Petersen, Dirch Hjorth; Keller, Stephan Sylvest Published in: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis Link to article, DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2017.04.015 Publication date: 2017 Document Version Peer reviewed version Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Hassan, Y. M., Caviglia, C., Hemanth, S., Mackenzie, D., Alstrøm, T. S., Petersen, D. H., & Keller, S. S. (2017). High temperature SU-8 pyrolysis for fabrication of carbon electrodes. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125, 91-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2017.04.015 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. High temperature SU-8 pyrolysis for fabrication of carbon electrodes Y. M. Hassana, C. Cavigliaa, S.
    [Show full text]
  • Ultra-Thin Pyrocarbon Films As a Versatile Coating Material Tommi Kaplas1* and Polina Kuzhir2,3
    Kaplas and Kuzhir Nanoscale Research Letters (2017) 12:121 DOI 10.1186/s11671-017-1896-0 NANO EXPRESS Open Access Ultra-Thin Pyrocarbon Films as a Versatile Coating Material Tommi Kaplas1* and Polina Kuzhir2,3 Abstract The properties and synthesis procedures of the nanometrically thin pyrolyzed photoresist films (PPF) and the pyrolytic carbon films (PCF) were compared, and a number of similarities were found. Closer examination showed that the optical properties of these films are almost identical; however, the DC resistance of PPF is about three times higher than that of PCF. Moreover, we observed that the wettability of amorphous PPF and PCF was almost comparable to crystalline graphite. Potential applications executed by utilizing the small difference in the synthesis procedure of these two materials are suggested. Keywords: Pyrolytic carbon, Pyrolyzed photoresist, Nanographite film, Chemical vapor deposition Background solvents are evaporated and remaining carbon atoms are Graphitic carbon is a versatile material that has been hybridized by sp2 and sp3 bonds [3]. The noteworthy fac- widely studied throughout the centuries. Especially, ful- tor here is that the PPF is fabricated from photoresist, lerenes, carbon nanotubes, and recently graphene mate- while PCF is conventionally fabricated by chemical vapor rials have received wide attention. At the same time, deposition (CVD) via gaseous hydrocarbon pyrolysis in amorphous carbon remains somewhat overshadowed by the temperature range of 1000 °C and above [6, 7]. In the these crystalline materials. One can attribute this to the lower temperature regime, i.e., at around 1000 °C, the incomparability of the vast majority of electrical and nano-graphitic carbon is typically very amorphous.
    [Show full text]
  • Optical Power Meter Using Radiation Pressure Measurement Patrick Pinot, Zaccaria Silvestri
    Optical power meter using radiation pressure measurement Patrick Pinot, Zaccaria Silvestri To cite this version: Patrick Pinot, Zaccaria Silvestri. Optical power meter using radiation pressure measurement. Mea- surement, 2019, 131, pp.109-119. 10.1016/j.measurement.2018.07.087. hal-01867328 HAL Id: hal-01867328 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01867328 Submitted on 24 Mar 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Optical power meter using radiation pressure measurement Patrick PINOT* and Zaccaria SILVESTRI Laboratoire commun de métrologie LNE/CNAM 61 rue du Landy F93210 La Plaine-Saint-Denis, France Abstract This paper describes a radiation pressure meter based on a diamagnetic spring. We take advantage of the diamagnetic property of pyrolytic carbon to make an elementary levitated system. It is equivalent to a torsional spring-mass-damper system consisting of a small pyrolytic carbon disc levitated above a permanent magnet array. There are several possible measurement modes. In this paper, only the angular response to an optical power single-step is described. An optical detection composed of a laser diode, a mirror and a position sensitive detector (PSD) allow measurement of the angular deflection proportional to the voltage delivered by the PSD.
    [Show full text]
  • Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Anisotropy of Unidirectional CFRP Composites
    materials Article Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Anisotropy of Unidirectional CFRP Composites Jun Hong * and Ping Xu Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have excellent mechanical properties and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance. Recently, their EMI shielding perfor- mance has also attracted great attention in many industrial fields to resolve electromagnetic pollution. The present paper mainly investigated the EMI shielding anisotropy of CFRP materials using a speci- fied set-up of free-space measurement. The electrical conductivity of unidirectional CFRP composites was identified to vary with the fiber orientation angles, and the formula was proposed to predict the results consistent with the experimental. The obvious EMI shielding anisotropy of unidirectional CFRP composites was clarified by free-space measurement. The theoretical formula can predict the EMI shielding value at different carbon fiber orientation angles, and the predicted results were highly consistent with the experimental results. A comparison of the free-space measurement and the coaxial transmission line method was also conducted, which indicated that special attention should be paid to the influence of the anisotropy of CFRP composites on the shielding results. With those results, the mechanism of EMI shielding anisotropy of CFRP composites is clarified, which will provide an effective design of EMI shielding products with a designable shielding direction Citation: Hong, J.; Xu, P. and frequency. Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Anisotropy of Keywords: unidirectional CFRP; EMI shielding; anisotropy; free-space measurement Unidirectional CFRP Composites. Materials 2021, 14, 1907. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ma14081907 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Stress-Activated Pyrolytic Carbon Nanofibers for Electrochemical Platforms
    UC San Diego UC San Diego Previously Published Works Title Stress-activated pyrolytic carbon nanofibers for electrochemical platforms Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bd1w0dt Authors Holmberg, S Ghazinejad, M Cho, EB et al. Publication Date 2018-11-10 DOI 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.09.013 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Electrochimica Acta 290 (2018) 639e648 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Electrochimica Acta journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/electacta Stress-activated pyrolytic carbon nanofibers for electrochemical platforms * Sunshine Holmberg a, 1, Maziar Ghazinejad b, , 1, EunByul Cho c, Derosh George a, ** Brandon Pollack a, Alexandra Perebikovsky d, Regina Ragan e, Marc Madou a, a Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA b Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA c Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA d Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA e Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA article info abstract Article history: Carbon's electrochemistry depends on its type and microstructure, and how these affect the electrode's Received 29 May 2018 electronic density of states. We demonstrate how pyrolysis of electro-mechanically stressed Poly- Received in revised form acrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers, infused with carbon nanotubes, will result in a unique graphitic electrode, 29 August 2018 which possesses enhanced and multifaceted electrochemical behavior.
    [Show full text]
  • Janez Košir Fabrication and Characterization of Suspended
    Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering Degree Programme of Chemical, Biochemical and Materials Engineering Janez Košir Fabrication and characterization of suspended pyrolytic carbon microstructures in various pyrolysis temperatures Thesis submitted for examination for the degree of Master of Science in Technology. Espoo, 28th March 2019. Supervisor Prof. Sami Franssila Thesis Advisor M.Sc. Joonas Heikkinen Aalto University, P.O. BOX 11000, 00076 AALTO www.aalto.fi Abstract of master's thesis Author Janez Košir Title of thesis Fabrication and characterization of suspended pyrolytic carbon microstructures in various pyrolysis temperatures Degree Program Chemical, Biochemical and Materials Engineering Major Functional Materials Thesis supervisor Sami Franssila Thesis advisor(s) / Thesis examiner(s) Joonas Heikkinen Date 28.03.2019 Number of pages 98+7 Language English Abstract The aim of this Master’s thesis is to fabricate and study the issues related to the fabrication of suspended C- MEMS microstructures, as well as to investigate the properties of unpatterned pyrolytic carbon films in relation to the pyrolysis temperatures. In recent years, suspended pyrolytic carbon microstructures have started to emerge as part of the next generation C-MEMS devices. Although the use of such structures can greatly improve the quality and expands the application of C-MEMS devices, suspended pyrolytic carbon microstructures are far more susceptible to fabrication issues than substrate-bound structures. So, in order to further advance the C-MEMS process we must first understand the underlying fabrication issues that these structures face. Suspended SU-8 microstructures with varying shapes and sizes were prepared with the use of sacrificial layers and pyrolyzed in an inert atmosphere, in order to obtain suspended pyrolytic carbon microstructures.
    [Show full text]