DOCSLIB.ORG

Masculinity, Power and Technology 1St Edition Free

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Masculinity, Power and Technology 1St Edition Free FREE MASCULINITY, POWER AND TECHNOLOGY 1ST EDITION PDF Ulf MellstrГѓВ¶m | 9781351919340 | | | | | Feminist technoscience - Wikipedia Feminist technoscience is a transdisciplinary branch of science studies which emerged from decades of feminist critique on the Power and Technology 1st edition gender and other identity markers are entangled in the combined fields of science and technology. Feminist technoscience focuses less on intrapersonal relationships between men and women, and more on broader issues Masculinity knowledge production and how bodies manifest and are acknowledged in societies. Feminist technoscience studies are inspired by Power and Technology 1st edition constructionist approaches to gendersexintersectionalitiesand science, technology and society STS. It can also be referred to as feminist science studies, feminist STS, Power and Technology 1st edition feminist cultural studies of science, feminist studies of science and technology, and gender and science. According to Judy Wajcmanthe concept of technology has historically been bound to indigenous women. The roles of harvesters, or caretakers of the domestic economy taken up by these women lead Wajcman to conclude they would have created tools such as the sickle and the pestlemaking them the first technologists. This transformed the meaning from including useful arts technology — such as needleworkmetalworkweavingand mining — to strictly applied science. The women's health movements of the s in the United States and the United Kingdom provided momentum to the emergence of feminist politics around scientific knowledge. Science was originally seen as an alien entity opposed to women's interests. Rather than asking how women can be better treated within and by science, feminist critics instead chose to focus on how a science deeply involved in masculinity and masculine projects could be used for the emancipation of women. Today's feminist critique often uses the former demonology of technology as a point of departure to tell a story of progress from liberal to postmodern feminism. According to Judy Wajcman, both liberal and Marxist feminists failed in the analysis of science and technology, because they considered the technology as neutral and did not pay attention to the symbolic dimension of technoscience. Feminist technoscience studies have become intrinsically linked with practices of Technofeminism and the development of feminist technologies in cultural and critical vernacular. Feminist technoscience studies explore the coded social and historical implications of science and technology on the development of society, including how identity constructs and is constructed by these technologies. Technofeminism emerged in the early s, leaning on Masculinity different feminist movements. Feminist Power and Technology 1st edition reanalyzed the Scientific Revolutionand stated that the resulting science was based on the masculine ideology of exploiting the Earth and control. During this time, nature and scientific inquiry were modelled after misogynous relationships to women. Femininity was associated with nature and considered as something passive to be objectified. This was in contrast to culture, which was represented by objectifying masculinity. This analysis depended on the use of gender imagery Power and Technology 1st edition conceptualize the nature of technoscientific masculine ideology. Judy Wajcman draws parallels between Judith Butler 's theory of gender performativity and the Power and Technology 1st edition of technology. Butler conceives gender as Masculinity performative act as opposed to a naturalized condition one is born into. Drawing from the work of Butler and Donna HarawayAmade M'charek analyzes how objects, when linked to another object or signifier, construct identity through the use of human imagination:. Differences and similarities may be stable or not, depending on the maintenance work that goes Power and Technology 1st edition the relations that help to produce them. They are neither fundaments nor qualities that are always embodied… Differences are relational. They do not always materialize in bodies in the flesh, genes, hormones, brains, or the skin. Rather they materialize in the very relations that help to enact them. In this theory, identity is not the byproduct of genes, but the constant upholding of hierarchical difference relations. Technology too, as proposed by Wajcman, is a product of mutual alliances, not objectively given but collectively created in a process of reiteration. Western technology and science is deeply implicated in the masculine projection and patriarchal domination of women and nature. The differences between female and male needs were asserted by feminist movements, drawing attention to the exclusion of women being served by current technologies. During this time, household technologies, new media, and new technosciences were, for the most part, disregarded. Feminist technologies are ones that are formed from feminist social relations, but varied definitions and layers of feminism complicate the definition. Deborah Johnson [13] proposes four candidates for feminist technologies:. The successes of certain Power and Technology 1st edition, such as the pap smear for cervical cancer testing, relied on the feminization of technician jobs. Combined oral contraceptive pills were first approved for use in the United States induring the time of the women's liberation movement. The birth control pill helped make it possible for more women to enter the workforce by giving them the ability to control their own fertility. Decades prior to this, activists such as Margaret Sanger and Katharine McCormick fought for female contraceptives, seeing it as a necessity for the emancipation of Power and Technology 1st edition. The male domination of these fields led technologies such as oral contraceptives to be developed around what men considered to be universal, defining characteristics of women Masculinity being their sex and reproductive capabilities. The development of reproductive technologies blur the lines between nature and technology, allowing for the reconfiguration of life itself. Through the advances of genetic technologies, the controlling of pregnancy, childbirth, and motherhood has become increasingly possible through intrusive means. These advances in biotechnology are serving to develop life as a commodity and deepen monetary inequality - a link made by feminist theorists such as Donna Haraway. Haraway instead chooses to embrace technology as feminist instead of reverting to this idea of naturalized femininity. The corporatization of biology through the alteration of nature through technology is also a theme explored by Haraway. The OncoMouse is a laboratory mouse genetically modified to carry a specific gene which increases the creature's chance of developing cancer. UntilAmerican conglomerate DuPoint owned the patent to the OncoMouse, reconfiguring and relegating life to a commodity. Increasing breast cancer Power and Technology 1st edition in Black women are discussed in eco-feminist analysis of the modification of lab animals from breast cancer research to being the discussion into an ethically ambiguous space. Masculinity in particular raises the question of whether modifying and expending a live commodity like OncoMouse is ethical if it leads to the development of a cure for breast cancer. The reconfiguring of life in biotechnologies and genetic engineering allow for a precedence to be set, leading to capitalist Power and Technology 1st edition consequences. Through these technologies technoscience becomes naturalized, and also becomes increasingly subject to the process of commodification and capital accumulation in transnational capitalist Masculinity. This also develops life and nature as a thing to be exploited by capitalism. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Women's suffrage Muslim countries US. First Second Third Fourth. General variants. Religious variants. By country. Lists and categories. Lists Articles Feminists by nationality Literature American feminist literature Feminist comic books. European Journal of Women's Studies. Technology and Culture. Archived from the original PDF on Retrieved Social Studies of Science. Feminist STS has long established that science's provenance as a male domain continues to define what counts as Masculinity and expertise. Wikipedia, arguably one of the most powerful sources of information today, was initially lauded as providing the opportunity to rebuild knowledge institutions by providing greater representation of multiple groups. However, less than ten percent of Wikipedia editors are women. Our main objective In sum, our aim here is to present a consolidated analysis of the gendering of Wikipedia. Cambridge: Polity, Handbook of Gender Power and Technology 1st edition Women's Studies. Cambridge: Polity. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Polity. Theatre Journal. Handbook of gender and women's studies 1. London [u. Feminist Technology : 6. Archived from the original PDF on 30 August Retrieved 30 April Cambridge: Polity, Accessed December 04, Feminist theory. Feminism portal. Ecofeminism Feminist method Hegemonic masculinity Women's history Women's studies. Russell Dorothy E. Smith Marilyn Waring. Women's studies journals. Science and technology studies. Economics of science Economics of scientific Power and Technology 1st edition. History and philosophy of science History of science and technology History of technology. Actor—network theory Social construction
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lessons from the History of UK Science Policy
    Lessons from the History of UK Science Policy August 2019 2 Science Policy History Foreword The British Academy is the UK’s national body for the humanities and social sciences. Our purpose is to deepen understanding of people, societies and cultures, enabling everyone to learn, progress and prosper. The Academy inspires, supports and promotes outstanding achievement and global advances in the humanities and social sciences. We are a fellowship of over 1000 of the most outstanding academics, an international community of leading experts focused on people, culture and societies, and are the voice for the humanities and social sciences.1 The British Academy aims to use insights from the past and the present to help shape the future, by influencing policy and affecting change in the UK and overseas. Given this, the Academy is well-placed to bring humanities and social science insight from the past into policymaking for the present and the future. One way to do this is in using historical insights to inform policymaking – ‘looking back to look forward’. To support these efforts, the Academy’s public policy team in collaboration with the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, has undertaken a new programme of work on policy histories. The policy histories series develop historical analyses for individual policy areas. These analyses are used to provide: • a structured, rigorous and objective account of the history of a given policy area and the significance of key milestones in context, • an informed basis for analysis and insights from the timelines as well as dialogue and discussion about what history can tell us about the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Science and Innovation: the Under-Fueled Engine of Prosperity
    Science and Innovation: The Under-Fueled Engine of Prosperity JULY 14, 2021 AUTHOR Benjamin F. Jones* ABSTRACT Science and innovation are central to human progress and national economic success. Currently, the United States invests 2.8% of GDP in research and development, which is supported by a range of public policies. This paper asks whether the United States invests enough. To answer that question, the conceptual case for government intervention and skepticism about that case are reviewed. The paper then turns to systematic evidence, including the very latest evidence, regarding the operation of the science and innovation system and its social returns. This evidence suggests a clear answer: We massively underinvest in science and innovation, with implications for our standards of living, health, national competitiveness, and capacity to respond to crisis. * Kellogg School of Management and National Bureau of Economic Research. Email: [email protected]. 1. Introduction Scientific and technological advances have long been recognized as engines of economic growth and rising prosperity. The fruits of these advances—instantaneous global communications, vaccines, airplanes, heart surgery, computers, skyscrapers, industrial robots, on-demand entertainment, to name a few—might seem almost magical to our ancestors from not-too-many generations ago. The power of this progress has been broadly evident since the Industrial Revolution and was recognized at the time, including by political leaders. As the British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli noted in 1873, “How much has happened in these fifty years … I am thinking of those revolutions of science which … have changed the position and prospects of mankind more than all the conquests and all the codes and all the legislators that ever lived.” Disraeli was talking of things like the steam engine, the telegraph, and textile manufacturing.
    [Show full text]
  • 9. the Rhetoric, Science, and Technology of 21St Century Collaboration
    9. The Rhetoric, Science, and Technology of 21st Century Collaboration Ann Hill Duin University of Minnesota Jason Tham Texas Tech University Isabel Pedersen Ontario Tech University Abstract: We contend that collaboration is an imperative disciplinary as- sumption in technical and professional communication (TPC). Theorists, researchers, and practitioners grapple with ever-changing modes and models for collaborative work in academia, industry, and with communities. Tech- nical and professional communicators today must be prepared to collaborate with engineers, subject matter experts, and programmers; they must be adept at using collaborative software and working with global virtual teams. The purpose of this chapter is to synthesize the rhetoric, science, and technology of collaboration to consolidate a guiding framework for understanding, teaching, and practicing TPC collaboration in the 21st century and beyond. This unified framework provides guidance from which to structure one’s own collaboration and the collaborative projects we assign throughout our curriculum. We discuss collaborative software and team communication platforms and share example projects for preparing students for collaborative and global workplaces. Keywords: collaboration, rhetoric, technology, platforms, global virtual teams Key Takeaways: Collaboration across local and global contexts is an imperative disciplinary assumption in technical and professional communication (TPC). TPC instructors must prepare students for the collaborative frameworks and tools that
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIOTECHNOLOGY AND KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT January-March 2013, Vol. 5, No. 1 Table of Contents RESEARCH ARTICLES 1 A Survey of Critical Success Factors in Implementing KM in ASEAN Service-Based SMEs Alan Eardley, Staff ordshire University, Beaconside, Staff ord, Staff ordshire, UK Elahe Mohammadi, Masaryk University, Faculty of Social Studies, Brno, Czech Republic Bridget Merliza, KDU University College, Damansara Jaya, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia 14 An Empirical Investigation into the Role of Avatars in Multimodal E-Government Interfaces Dimitrios Rigas, University of West London, London, UK Badr Almutairi, Faculty of Technology, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK 23 Indigenous Knowledge Management in the Kelabit Community in Eastern Malaysia: Insights and Refl ections for Contemporary KM Design Alvin Wee Yeo, Institute of Social Informatics and Technological Innovations, Center of Excellence for Rural Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia Tariq Zaman, Institute of Social Informatics and Technological Innovations, Center of Excellence for Rural Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia Narayanan Kulathuramaiyer, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia 37 AdWiki: Socio-Technical Design for Mananging Advising Knowledge in a Higher Education Context Aditya Johri, Department of Engineering Education, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA Monique Dufour, Department of Science
    [Show full text]
  • A BRIEF ANALYSIS of the QUESTION* ¿Podemos Aplicar La Distinción Entre Ciencia Y Tecnología a Las Ciencias Sociales? Un Breve Análisis De La Cuestión
    Philosophia 79/2 I 2019 I pp. 33 a 57 CAN WE APPLY THE SCIENCE/TECHNOLOGY DISTINCTION TO THE SOCIAL SCIENCES? A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF THE QUESTION* ¿Podemos aplicar la distinción entre ciencia y tecnología a las ciencias sociales? Un breve análisis de la cuestión Germán HEVIA MARTÍNEZ UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO (ESPAÑA) [email protected] Abstract: In this paper, I address the problem of applying the philosophical distinction between science and technology to the disciplines that deal with social phenomena. First, I will expose the demarcation problem regarding this distinction. Second, I will exhibit the arguments of those researchers who consider that it is possible to talk about technological disciplines in the fields that deal with the social world. I shall discuss then the “sociotechnology” (Mario Bunge) and the “social technology” (Olaf Helmer) approaches, apart from contemporary works of other scholars. Finally, I am going to defend why the science/technology distinction should be applied to the social disciplines. Keywords: Social Engineering, Operations Research, Systemic Materialism, Demarcation Problem. Resumen: En este artículo, abordo el problema de aplicar la distinción filosófica entre ciencia y tecnología a las disciplinas que se ocupan de los fenómenos sociales. Primero, expondré el problema de la demarcación con respecto a esta distinción. En segundo lugar, expondré los CC BY-NC-SA 2.5 AR I ISSN 0328-9672 (impresa) I ISSN 2313-9528 (en línea) I Germán HEVIA MARTÍNEZ argumentos de aquellos investigadores que consideran que es posible hablar de disciplinas tecnológicas en los campos que se ocupan del mundo social. Discutiré luego los enfoques de la "sociotecnología" (Mario Bunge) y la "tecnología social" (Olaf Helmer), además de los trabajos contemporáneos de otros académicos.
    [Show full text]
  • How Academic Science Gave Its Soul to the Publishing Industry
    SCIENCE, THE ENDLESS FRONTIER AT 75 MARK W. NEFF How Academic Science Gave Its Soul to the Publishing Industry Self-governance of science was supposed to mean freedom of inquiry, but it also ended up serving the business model of scientific publishers while undermining the goals of science policy. merica’s globally preeminent university secure social and economic benefits in the postwar period, research enterprise is constructed on two including more and better paying jobs, more productive bedrock principles of self-governance. The first agriculture, and innovative industrial products desired by Ais autonomy: academic scientists should be left free to consumers, “the flow of scientific knowledge must be both determine their own research agendas. The second is continuous and substantial.” To achieve this knowledge internal accountability: the quality of academic science flow he felt that the government should provide generous is best assessed by academic scientists. The commitment funding for the scientific community, as it had during the to scientific self-governance carries with it a policy war. requirement as well: support for research will mostly But counter to the coordinated wartime R&D effort have to come from the federal government; companies he had headed, Bush insisted that scientists must be will never make the necessary investments in undirected allowed to work “on subjects of their own choice, in the research because they cannot capture the economic manner dictated by their curiosity for the exploration of benefits for themselves. the unknown.” Such curiosity-driven basic science would The origin story of how this arrangement came about yield essential but unpredictable benefits at unknowable is a familiar one.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Attitudes and Understanding
    National Science Board | Science & Engineering Indicators 2018 7 | 1 CHAPTER 7 Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Understanding Table of Contents Highlights................................................................................................................................................................................. 7-3 Interest, Information Sources, and Involvement .............................................................................................................. 7-3 Public Knowledge about S&T............................................................................................................................................... 7-3 Public Attitudes about S&T in General ............................................................................................................................... 7-4 Public Attitudes about Specific S&T-Related Issues.......................................................................................................... 7-4 Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................. 7-5 Chapter Overview ................................................................................................................................................................. 7-5 Chapter Organization........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Science and the Decline of the American Academy J
    FIRST PRINCIPLES | No. 81 FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS TO GUIDE POLITICS AND POLICY Science and the Decline of the American Academy J. Scott Turner he academic sciences are widely regarded as insulated from the finan- cial and cultural dysfunction afflicting the American academy. In Tfact, the academic sciences have become as deeply corrupted and complicit in the decay as the rest of the academy through a tangled web of perverse incentives built into the funding structure of modern scientific research. The academic sciences are no longer bastions of free inquiry, but have now become a deeply entrenched cartel—“Big Science”—that has thoroughly politicized sci- entific research, and perverted the culture of science. Without serious reform, academic science will cease to make discoveries and innovate. The American academy is in crisis, and the symptoms are clear to anyone with eyes to see: relentlessly rising costs, administrative bloat, and a declin- ing 18- to 24-year-old cohort of potential tuition-paying students who are increasingly reluctant to take on a crushing load of debt. Add to that the increasingly aggressive assaults, emanating from within the academy, on core institutional values like freedom of inquiry and expression, and you have a fulminating crisis.1 Fingers have been pointed at many pet bêtes noires: Marxism, Maoism, the campus liberal monoculture, post-modernism, identity politics, to name a few.2 All are blameworthy to a degree. Yet all miss an important, even a principal, driver of the cultural rot permeating our universities: the aca- demic sciences. Far from floating serenely above the miasma, the academic FIRST PRINCIPLES | No.
    [Show full text]
  • Science Policy After September 11
    1 Science Policy after September 11 John H. Marburger III I was confirmed as the director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) last October, shortly after the terror- ist attacks of September 11. My first actions were to structure OSTP to serve the President in the war against terrorism and to reach out to the science and higher education communities with a call to action. Two seasons have now passed, the war has progressed in stages both abroad and on the homeland front, and we have had time to compare the needs of antiterrorism with the other forces driving science pol- icy. This chapter reflects on what has happened, and what a reason- able future course might be for the nation’s science policy in this vul- nerable world. OSTP Today In the Bush administration the Office of Science and Technology Policy continues to play a strong role in shaping science policy. The interagency coordinating mechanism of the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) has proved important, not only for in- tegrating agency actions in the war against terrorism, but also as a nucleus for crystallizing agency expertise needed for immediate re- sponse to urgent issues. OSTP gave early service to the Office of Homeland Security following the anthrax threat to the U.S. mail last fall. This action was the first in a series of new activities that will be somewhat different from the historical OSTP norm. John H. Marburger III is director of the White House Office of Science and Technol- ogy Policy.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond the Freedom of Expression in the Cyberspace Based on Social Construction of Technology Perspective
    Beyond the Freedom of Expression in the Cyberspace based on Social Construction of Technology Perspective Agus Raharjo1, Rini Fidiyani2 1Department of Criminal Law, Faculty of Law, Jenderal Soedirman University 2Department of Law and Society, Faculty of Law, Semarang State University Semarang, Indonesia { agus.raharjo007, fidiyani.rini }@gmail.com Keywords: Social Construction of Technology, Cyberspace, Freedom of Expression, Cybercrime, Anarchy Abstract: Social construction of technology (SCOT) hold on what known as a reason for accepting or refusing technology based on social reality. When we are investigating beliefs of technology, all explanations must be symmetrical. Symmetry creates freedom of interpretation, this means there are various different interpretation of the meaning of technology among the social groups. On the other word, there is a freedom in designing towards technical solution. The problems discussed in this article are about freedom of expression in cyberspace with SCOT perspective. The research is qualitative with empiric law and technological philosophy approach. The findings obtained are: first, there has been a displacement of the philosophy from the real world (wild west) into cyberspace (wild web); second, excessive freedom of expression in the web performed by people or content in Indonesian language are dominated with cases of fraud, defamation, and crimes against decency; and third, the existing laws have not been able to solve the freedom of expression completely in cyberspace, which breaks the limit or violates the law. It takes an understanding of technological philosophy and cyberspace, ethics on using and communicating via the internet, and in the effort to establish society with good information culture. 1 INTRODUCTION value, security, and public orderly in the democratic people.
    [Show full text]
  • Socio-Technocratic Discourse of Technoscience
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 166 ( 2015 ) 511 – 515 International Conference on Research Paradigms Transformation in Social Sciences 2014 Socio-Technocratic Discourse of Technoscience Irina V. Chernikova a *, Daria V. Chernikova b a Tomsk State University, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia b Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia Abstract The paper is focused on specific features of social science development on new stage defined as postnonclassical paradigm of social sciences. Specific features of knowledge acquiring and development in postnonclassical paradigm of social sciences are revealed. It is highlighted that postnonclassical paradigm of scientificity correlates with the stage called “technoscience”. It is proved that in frames of the present system of scientific knowledge classification (classical, nonclassical and postnonclassical scientific paradigms) that includes natural, social and technical sciences, technoscience cannot be referred to any of these types of knowledge. Technoscience represents new concept of knowledge production, new socio-technocratic discourse. The specific character of technoscience is in the fact that its objects are not objective reality in Cartesian dualistic worldview, but so called “human-dimension” objects. New stage of integration of science and society is characterized by new methodology of transdisciplinary research. Transdisciplinary research in comparison with interdisciplinary are distinguished by gateway to life practice; it is socially allocated production of knowledge. Knowledge is produced not only in context of inventions and fundamental rationales, but as well in context of assessment of application consequences (social assessment of technology). In is highlighted that technoscience refers to activity in frames of which science and technology make a sort of mixture or hybrid.
    [Show full text]
  • The Myth and the Meaning of Science As a Vocation
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Adam Liska Papers Biological Systems Engineering 2015 The yM th and the Meaning of Science as a Vocation Adam Liska University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bseliska Part of the Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering Commons, and the Life Sciences Commons Liska, Adam, "The yM th and the Meaning of Science as a Vocation" (2015). Adam Liska Papers. 24. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bseliska/24 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Systems Engineering at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Adam Liska Papers by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Ultimate Reality and Meaning 28:2 (2005), p. 149-164. Copyright © 2005 University of Toronto Press. Used by permission. Postscript, added June 2015; copyright © Adam Liska. The Myth and the Meaning of Science as a Vocation Adam J. Liska Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada 1. Introduction The philosophy of science has been too concerned with the question of how we generate knowledge in the sciences and not concerned enough with the consequences of the fact that we know quite well how to change our material world and our lives by using science. Indeed, science is the ultimate power in the material world because it is the foundation of modem technology, engineering, industries, and the economy of developed nations. Through its creation of knowledge of physical material, the scientific method (Popper 1959) has enabled the implementation of the civilized world, transforming the entirety of human life: housing, clothing, culture, transportation, maneuvers of war, agriculture, and medicine.
    [Show full text]