A Publication of the Pennsylvania Rural Water Association fhe ~ystOne 1r~~

!summer 1994 Vol. VII, No. ~

Pennsylvania Rural Water ' Association Serving Water/Wastewater I..... Systems in Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania Rural Water Association 138 West Bishop Bellefonte, Pennsylvania 16823 (814) 353-9302 FAX: (814) 353-9341 Here is what people are saying about PRWA: PENNSYLVANIA Wonderview Water Co. RURAL WATER 91 Dutch Hill Rd. ASSOCIATION Bloomsburg, PA 17815 717-387-8762

6-6-94 -mlnite'b ~ ta tes ~ena t e Pennsylvania Rural Water Association WASHINGTON, DC 20510-3803 138 West Bishop Street Bellefonte, PA 16823 May 4, 1994 (814) 353-9302 FAX (814) 353-9341 Mr. Stephen M. Krchnavy Pennsylvania Rural Water Association Dear Rural Water, 138 West Bishop Street Thank you for sending out your leak detection expert Chris Shutt. Bellefonte, PA 16823 He was very helpful in finding two water leaks in our system. Enclosed, please find our application for membership from and a Dear Mr. Krchnavy. check for this year's dues. Thank you to you and the rest of the Pennsylvania Rural Water Thank you, Association members for stopping by our office to share your views. I have passed on your material and video tape on to Sena10r Wofford. You can be certain that he will keep your views in mind as the Safe Drinking Water Act #~ is considered in the Senate. John Yohey Please do not hesitate to contact our office again if we can be of further assistance.

Sincerely, J""- ~~ L~ KAfiM,id.l Sara Marcus Kaplaniak BAINBRIDGE WATER AUTHORITY POST OFFICE BOX 338 • BAINBRIDGE, PA 17502

March 10, 1994

Pennsylvania Aural Water Association 138 West Bishop Street Bellefonte, PA 16823 U.S. FILTER DearPRWA, UNITED STATES FlLTER CORPORATION What do you do when you see by your well-pumping records that April 15, 1994 for as long as you can tell, your small system has been pumping an average of 40 to 45,000 gallons of water per day, and you now see Subject: PA Rural Water Association Sixth Annual Conference & Expo that you are pumping in excess of 75 to 80,000 gallons per day? I'll March 27-29, 1994 tell you what you do. You call Chris Shutt to the rescue. Mr. "leak-finder" himself was quick to fi nd the area of a leak. (I did­ DearPRWA, n't believe him.) The leak found an underground route to travel and never surfaced. We had the leak repaired, and thanks to Chris our I wanted to take a moment to thank you for all the effort that you and pumps are back to their normal pumping routine, and now I am able your organization put into this program. We were very impressed with how to focus on more pressing issues like this senseless lead and copper smooth the conference ran, and the choice of the Nittany Li on Inn was testing. great. We are looking forward to receiving a li st of all attendees to this meeting Sincerely, ~~(V_ c;~ . and are planning to attend your program next year. Sincerely, lorraine C. GanQ r ~\...~~\d)/ Business Manager Phone (717) 426-2432 Dan L. Aderholdt USF/NW P.S. We are a very small system, and we rely on contractors to do our excavating and major repairs. It would have been a big help if I could have been able to reach Chris during the excavating to answer some questions I had. Is it possible to supply him with a car phone or at least a pager? uoo rn m~ ~ ® ~lY ®~FOR AMERICA~ lfhe ~¥stoneJa~

PRWABOARD Articles and Features: OF DIRECTORS Maintaining Steel Water Storage Structures .... 3 Math Corner ...... 4 Dave Quinn Guy Shaffer White Haven, Pennsylvania Bellefonte, Pennsylvania Turbine Meter and Compound Meter President Assistant Sec.-Treas. Installation: An Update ...... 5 Jan Gallo Patrick Regan Classified Ads ...... 8 Clymer, Pennsylvania Carrolltown, Pennsylvani~ Vice President Director Pirate Ticket Order Form ...... 10

L Edmund Wilson, Jr. Robert J. Blough II Meet the Staff ...... 12 Alexandria, Pennsylvania Jennerstown, Pennsylvania Allegheny Co. Health Dept. Honors PRWA .... 12 Secretary Director Sequential Batch Reactor ...... 14 Teresa Rissmiller Elizabeth, Pennsylvania Keeping Our Drinking Water Pure ...... 18 Treasurer How To Develop and Finance Capital PRWA-Staff Stephen M. Krchnavy, Program Manager/CSO lmprovements ...... 25 William Keller, Wastewater Training Technician Down the Well Traveled Road ...... 30 Judith M. Muehl, Groundwater Technician Chris L. Shutt, Water Circuit Rider News From PRWA's Associate Members ...... 30 Charles Groff, Wastewater Circuit Rider Don't Toss lt...... 31 Debra L. Fagan, Office Administrator Sherri L. Walker, Membership/Training Coordinator One More Thing! ...... 37 Dick Eyler, Accountant What's On Tap ...... 37 Rash Limburger ...... 38 For Your lnfo ...... 41 National Primary Drinking Water Standards .. .42 NOTICE TO READERS When The Well Goes Dry ...... 47 Drips and Drops ...... 50 Pennsylvania Rural Water Association would like to PRWA District Plan ...... 55 invite you to prepare a short article about your water system or other topics which would be of interest to our PRWA Trainings ...... 56 readers. We also welcome articles from our Associate members. The KEYSTONE TAP is the official publication of the PENNSYLVANIA Send your articles with black and white photographs, if RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION, 136 West Bishop Street, Bellefonte, PA available to: 16823, and is published quarterly for distribution to representatives of Rural PRWA and Municipal Water Supplies. Issues are mailed free of charge to member and non-member rural water associations. Articles and photographs are 138 West Bishop Street encouraged with payment in complimentary copies. For more information Bellefonte, PA 16823 regarding this publication, contact the PRWA offtee, 138 West Bishop Street, Bellefonte, PA 16823,814-353-9302. 1 LAYNE WELL & PUMP DIVISION GROUND WATER SUPPLY WELLS a PUMPS SALES a SERVICE GROUND WATER MONITORING / RECOVERY W ELLS P.O. Box 788 • Meadvillle, Pennsylvania 16335 800-331-5651 8Q0-522-6124 (In Pa.)

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2 MAINTAINING STEEL WATER STORAGE STRUCTURES by Charles E. Wright, Project Eningeer, Acer Engineers & Consultants

Charles E. Wright is a project engineer at Acer Repairs and Recoating Engineers & Consultants, Inc. in Lancaster, PA. Acer is a Once the storage facility is nearing the end of its coat­ multi-disciplinary architectural/engineering firm that ing life, the owner should seek consulting services to pre­ serves public and private sector clients from offices in pare a detailed inspection and report for preparing bid­ Lancaster, Limerick, Allentown and Reading in ding documents. These documents provide for competi­ Pennsylvania, in Baltimore and 1-/agerstown in Maryland, tive bids for repainting and necessary repairs. in Boston, Massachusetts and Santiago, Chile. The consultant will first determine the chemical compo­ Engineering services encompass civil, environmental, sition of the existing coating system by performing tests structural, mechanical, electrical, transportation and traf­ of the coating type and condition. The consultant will fic, as well as hydrological and flood control applications. review the facility for compliance with U.S. Occupational In addition, Acer's in-house staff includes architects, GIS Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards for analysts, planners and surveyors. access and ventilation, and prepare costs for the project budget. The consultant will recommend if the existing The water system operator is constantly reminded of coating should be removed or covered and a compatible the mechanical pump equipment and failures, repairing coating system applied. Several types of tests can be water line breaks or making connections for new homes. performed to help determine the type and chemical quali­ One of the most important structures of the water system ties of the existing coating on the facility. The system just stands, often neglected for years. The storage struc­ owner's records of the original coating system also aid in ture provides drinking water and fire protection for the determining the existing coating system and are helpful if community. The exterior and interior protective coverings available. are extended beyond their life. These steel structures are Legal requirements of the contractor and owner, insur­ typically coated with a material that protects the exterior ances, payment and performance bonds, and technical from wind, rain, sunlight, corrosion and many other ele­ requirements are contained in the competitive bid docu­ ments. The interior is also coated to protect it from con­ ments. In addition to the recommended coating system of densation, chlorine, icing abrasion and corrosion. The the technical documents, its method of application, envi­ water system operator wonders what to do with the mas- ronmental conditions, and specific site condition require­ sive steel structure in' the water system and when some- ments, the bidding documents should include sequencing th ing should be done. The fo ll owing is a summary of of the project. The documents should also include disin­ what should be done to inspect and maintain steel water fection and testing requirements. The documents should storage structures. include a site plan showing property boundaries within which the contractor must work. Annual Maintenance Program Steel storage structures should be included in an annu­ Lead Based Primers al maintenance program. Both the exterior and interior Many primers used in the mid-1 970s were lead based. surfaces should be maintained regularly to extend the life As the concern for reducing lead particles from the of the structure. The exterior struct ure should be atmosphere, ground, and water grows, alternative meth­ observed for any signs of coating failure, concrete foun­ ods have evolved to leave the lead based primer intact. dation cracking or spalling, and leaking around access One successfully used method of leaving existing coat­ openings. Trees and brush around the structure should ings on the exterior is to pressure wash and scrub the also be trimmed and removed. existing exterior surface and apply a coating system The interior of the structure should be thoroughly designed to ad here to the existing coating. Several other inspected every eight to ten years. The structure should methods of removing the lead primer are used if the exte­ be drained if possible to facilitate the inspection process. rior lead-based paint is in poor condition. The most com­ Some water systems cannot remove the storage facility mon method is to provide a temporary environmental from operation without system modification. The water enclosure to contain the debris created from blasting the system with a single storage facility should, at a mini­ surface area. This is accomplished by constructing and mum, be drained below the normal water operating level. welding support arms on the structure and covering it This allows observation from the top, using a powerful with a tarpaulin. Collecting the debris in a dust collector hand-held light and other visible surfaces. The icing level system is also necessary. Some other common methods area is where the abrasion from icing removes the coat­ of removal are vacuum blasting, wheel blasting and ing and the chlorinated water rapidly deteriorates the chemical stripping. After the debris is removed it must be steel structure. Other areas which commonly experience tested for lead content to determine the type of disposal. accelerated deterioration are the roof members and inte­ The test used is the Toxicity Characteristics Leaching rior ladders. Procedure (TCLP) test. This test must be performed and continued on page 4

3 Maintaining Steel Water should be notified of possible lower or fluctuating pres­ sures for this period of time. They should be made aware Storage Structures that periodic maintenance of the storage facility is neces­ continued from page 3 sary to provide continued quality water service. The local results provided to a waste facility prior to acceptance of fire department should also be notified to plan tor alterna­ debris. Depending on the lead concentration, the debris tive methods for fighting fires during the work period is treated as a minor or major hazard. Application for since the fire storage volume is not available. transporting and disposal is then made by the owner or Construction Management representative prior to disposal at a waste site. Construction management and field observation should Coating Systems be employed to verify that the contractor is performing There are many types of exterior coating systems avail­ the work as required in the contract documents. Proper able from numerous manufacturers. Those systems nor­ field observation of repairs, cleaning of the structure, and mally used consist of alkyds, urethanes, latexes and recoating is important to extend the life of the new coat­ vinyls. Each system should be evaluated independently ing system. for use of the storage facility. Some considerations while The field representative uses various instruments and selecting the coating are type of existing coating, location references. References that are used extensively are the and temperature conditions. Steel Structures Painting Council, and American Water The interior coating system is typically an epoxy sys­ Works Association Standards to verify the proper clean­ tem. This type of coating system withstands the abrasive­ ing, coating and inspection of the structure. It is essential ness of icing and corrosiveness of chlorine disinfectants to remove the rust from all smooth and pitted surfaces. for years. The new interior coating system should be The new coating is likely to fail if any rust is present. A approached by the National Sanitation Foundation wet and dry paint thickness gauge is used by the field (NSF). The NSF has performed testing to verify non­ representative to determine if the coating has been leachable chemical characteristics. Several coating man­ applied evenly and sufficiently to coat the structure's sur­ ufacturers supply these coatings, and data sheets should face. The field representative monitors atmospheric and be labeled with NSF approval. steel temperatures, dew point, and humidity to determine when the contractor can perform the coating work. The Maintaining Pressures field representative also serves to verify that proper disin­ Removing the storage facility from service for recoating fection and water testing is performed before the storage typically requires 30 to 45 days. The water system opera­ structure is placed into service. tor must consider the operation of the system without the storage facility. This may be accomplished by various Planning for Repair and Recoating methods. One method may be to install a pressure regu­ The seasons of the year play an important role in the lating valve (prv) on a fire hydrant and continuously pump planning for the inspection of and repairs to the storage directly into the distribution system. Another method may structure. Ideally, an inspection and detailed report be to lease a tank truck and pipe. Pumping from the should be done during mid-summer, preparation of con­ source into the truck and from the truck into the distribu­ tract documents for bidding completed during the winter tion system can work for small systems. Other methods months, and coating work performed between the of controlling pressures during the work period should be months of May and September. reviewed for the particular water system. If the water storage structure is well maintained, it will Prior to beginning work, the water system customers provide many years of service. Math Corner Small Water System Operation and Maintenance

Process Control Mathematics 2. A treatment plant has a circular clarifier with a diame­ ter of 18 feet. If the flow through the plant is 80,000 Treatment Plant Worksheet gallons per day, calculate the overflow rate in gpd/sq. The following problems will give you some practice in ft. . working problems involving treatment plants and process control. These types of calculations often are necessary 3. Your small treatment plant has three sand filters, as part of process control, maintenance activities and each 6 feet wide and 9 feet long. If the flow to the reporting requirements. plant is 400,000 gpd, calculate the filtration rate 1. A rectangular settling basin is 20 feet long, 8 feet (gpm/sq. ft.) with all three filters in service. wide· and has a water depth of .6 feet. It treats a flow of 40,000 gallons per day. Calculate the detention time for this basin? Answers on page 31

4 TURBINE METER AND COMPOUND METER INSTALLATION: AN UPDATE by George D. Anderson

George Anderson is Vice President of Quality at the ponent wear, particularly radial and thrust bearings of the Uniontown, Pennsylvania plant of Rockwell turbines. International's Measurement & Flow Control Division. A Recommendations veteran of 22 years with Rockwell, he is a graduate of More consideration must be given to properly-designed Carnegie-Mellon University with a B.S. degree in installations to ensure they contain adequate space for Mechanical Engineering. both today's and tomorrow's needs. Considerations Introduction include: Over the past decade, a new type of turbine meter has 1. Piping Upstream Of Meter: There invariably is a become popular for measuring potable water in distribu· variety of tees, elbows and valves immediately upstream tion lines and as a revenue producer for large water of the water meter. To minimize the flow disturbance into users. The new turbine meters contain horizontally the meter (either a turbine or compound), seven pipe mounted rotors which are more sensitive to lower flows diameters of straight pipe are recommended immediately and can measure higher flow rates than the turbine in front of the meter. meters developed some 20 years ago. With introduction to the new turbine meter, some people 2. Piping Downstream Of Meter: No fittings that will in the water service industry began to believe the need cause a flow disturbance should be bolted directly to the for compound meters was over. And, as with many new meter's outlet flange. Even though downstream, certain products and concepts, there was a tendency to over· unbalanced flows influence the flow patterns ahead of extend these new turbine meters into all types of meter· the actual disturbance. An absolute minimum of three ing applications - some not suitable. pipe diameters of straight pipe is required between the The new turbine meters - with their wide flow ranges, meter's outlet flange and the fitting. Where possible, this low head loss, and ease of installation and maintenance downstream distance should be up to five pipe diameters - were thought to solve all large metering problems. in length. This allows for future changes and room for a Recent history shows that is not the case. Significant "test plug" (mentioned later). changes have occurred over the past decade regarding 3. Shut-Off Valves Valves are necessary items in any installation of large meters, the meters themselves (both meter installation. Shut-off valves must be provided to compound and turbine meters), and in needs of water isolate the various mechanical devices in the pipeline utilities. because, eventually, maintenance will be required. The Installation devices include meters, check valves and control valves. Years ago, the configuration of large water meter instal­ Full-open gate valves can be located in close proximity lations was haphazard and had few guidelines. Because to the water meters and not cause any unbalanced flow of the costs involved, there was a tendency to squeeze patterns. Butterfly valves should not be installed immedi· the required piping into as small a space as possible. ately upstream of the meters. The valve's wafer (or disc) Elbows, valves, and tees were placed immediately is not symmetrical, causing unpredictable and unbal· around the water meters in a solid, bolted package. From anced flow patterns to develop even when the valve is a meter performance standpoint, this caused only minor considered "full open." The butterfly valve, however, can problems. The water typically changed direction inside be installed in close proximity downstream of the meter the large water meters. So, if the flow was unbalanced without any detrimental affects. (This does not include and irregular coming into the meter, it was of little conse­ the "wafer" type butterfly valves where the disc extends quence. beyond the body of the valve.) With the new turbine meters, however, restricted piping 4. Control Valves: These valves can be in the form of arrangements can be a problem. The horizo~tally-mount· check valves, pressure-reducing valves, or partly-closed ed turbines are sensitive to unbalanced water flow pat· butterfly valves. Any valve that throttles or restricts the terns passing through the turbine blades. Swirling (water water flow rate should be located a minimum of five pipe flow rotating about the centerline of the pipe) and jetting diameters downstream of the meter. These valves should (more water passing through one portion of the pipe than never be installed upstream of the meter, regardless of another) are typical non-uniform flow patterns. the piping separation. Those patterns are caused by various upstream (to the meter) piping arrangements such as elbows, pumps, 5. Strainers: Regardless of whether it is a turbine .or valves, tees, etc. Uneven water flow patterns can result compound meter, a fish trap type stainer is recommend- in non-valid volume measurements and premature com- continued on page 6

5 Turbine Meter and Compound Meter three, five or more percent slow, which in turn means hundreds or even thousands of dollars in lost revenue - Installation: An Update per large meter. continued from page 5 Large meters must be periodically accuracy-tested ed immediately upstream of the meter. The strainer per­ because of their impact on the utility's revenue and water forms two functions: it protects the meter's measuring accountability records. One alternative is to remove the components from damage due to rocks, line scale and meter from the installation site and accuracy-test it at foreign objects; and it also assists in correcting upstream some other location, usually the utility's meter shop. flow disturbances. It cannot, however, completely com­ Another alternative is to exchange major components pensate for severe disturbances caused by elbows, "Ys" and assemblies, leaving the main case in the pipeline. and ''Ts." Or, the meters can be accuracy-tested right in the instal­ lation - with no interruption of customer service and little 6. By-pass Around Meter: Some type of by-pass pip­ inconvenience (Figure #1 ). ing is necessary around larger water meters if water ser­ To "field test" a large meter, the installation requires vice must be maintained at all times. Periodic accuracy shut-off valves and a test plug. ~hile compound meters testing and maintenance of the water meter requires the contain test plugs in the meter bodies, turbine meters meter to be isolated. Shut-off valves and the by-pass pro­ generally do not. Tests show that the test plug must be at vide this. least three pipe diameters downstream of the meter's A number of ways are possible to provide a by-pass outlet flange to provide valid registration. A test plug can - all the way from a removable fire hose to manifolding be made with a reducing tee or service saddle; or, it can the installation with a number of smaller-size meters. be installed in the spacer pipe downstream of the turbine Perhaps the most common approach to providing a meter. permanent by-pass it to install a pipe around the water A variety of portable testers is available on the market, cneter and its shut-off valves. The by-pass usually is one or one can be easily fabricated. Be careful not to attempt size smaller in pipe diameter and contains an isolation to squeeze everything into such a small, compact pack­ valve. age that the tester itself provides invalid data. 7. Cross-connection Control: Because of increased The function of a portable tester is to compare the vol­ ume of water measured by a calibrated meter to the vol­ service demands on water systems and more complex inter-connected piping arrangements, the need for cross­ ume measured by the meter in question. It is important not to overwork or extend the test meter to the extremes connection protection is more critical than ever. ~h en double check (DC) or reduced pressure (RP) principle of its operating range. In testing a large meter, it is not necessary to test it up devices are used in conjunction with water meters, the meters must be upstream and separated as described to its maximum operating limit to determine whether it is above. Both DC and RP devices create severe water accurate. If accuracy tests are conducted at flow rates up to 25% of the subject meter's maximum capacity, normal­ flow pattern disturbances which would affect a meter's ly this is more than sufficient to determine if there are accuracy and performance if incorrectly installed. accuracy or operational problems. 8. Periodic Accuracy Testing: Compound and turbine meters, while involving relatively few water meters in typi­ continued on page 7 cal water distribution systems, represent considerable potenUal revenue. ~hen an ind~ idual~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Rockwell Ponable positive displacement (P. D.) meter Reinforced Fire Hose Large Meier Tesler stops operating or becomes inaccurate, / the revenue loss from one meter is not a significant factor. But the revenue loss through an inaccurate large meter can represent a considerable amount. Large meters are typically read more frequently than P.D. meters, and if a large meter ceases operation, it is quickly detected. But a much more common situation is where the meter continues to operate and record regis­ tration, but at a discreasingly efficient rate. This condition is very difficult to '---- Full Opening recognize, even with computers and Rockwell Isolation Valve DIRECTION OF Pipe Service Saddle high/low registration limits. 51 WATER FLOW Minimum of After a few years, the meter can be SX Pipe Diameter

6 Turbine Meter and Compound Meter mis-aligned, the water flow pattern may be disturbed. Installation: An Update 11. Reducers: The new turbine meters have a greater continued from page 6 flow rate capacity than either the earlier turbine meters or the compound meters. Many utilities recognize this and 9. Fire Service: With introduction of the new turbine are installing turbine meters smaller than the pipe size meters came the situation where they could be used on designation. That's acceptable from a performance fire service pipelines as well as on domestic lines. To standpoint with these restrictions: the reducers - both meet Underwriter's Laboratory (UL} requirements, a UL­ upstream and downstream - must be of the tapered, Iisted Fire Service Strainer is required upstream of a UL­ concentric type. Reducing flanges and eccentric step­ Iisted turbine meter. These strainer/meter packages work type reducers cause problems - on either end of the tur­ well - as long as the flow rates are within the meter's bine meter. Secondly, the turbine meter should only be operating range. reduced one size smaller than the pipe. If the reduction Fire Service Turbine Meters are intended to comple­ isn't sufficient to measure the expected low flows, then a ment the Fire Service Compound Meters. The choice of compound meter should be used. meter type frequently depends on the anticipated flow Considerable space and detail has been presented ranges and low flow predominance of the water used. covering various aspects of installations. Our experience A word of caution about compound meters in fire ser­ indicates that proper installation is the primary and over­ vice installations: even with a listed Fire Service Stainer, whelming factor in whether a new turbine - or com­ a compound meter cannot be useq on the main line - pound meter- performs to its potential capability. and be in compliance. The meter's construction, pressure Over the past decade the above guidelines were devel­ loss and pressure containment rating do not meet the oped as the result of analyzing and correcting meter necessary requirements. Conversely, a UL-Iisted turbine installations where less than optimum operating perfor­ meter can be used on the main line. mance was obtained (see Figure #2 for an optimum tur­ bine meter installation diagram). There are times, particu­ 10. Flexible Couplings: When piping-up a meter instal­ larly with existing installations, where compromises are lation, it is quite common to bolt all of the fittings solid, required and all of the recommendations cannot be one to another. However, if at some later date it is decid­ implemented. If the upstream piping arrangement is ed the water meter or some other component has to be severely compromised, however, there is a high probabil­ removed, the problems frequently are considerable. ity of future problems. Pipelines have a tendency to settle - or move - after a period of time. Just removing something from the pipeline Compound Meters can be a lot of work. And then the pipe either closes in, Emphasis in this report has been on the new turbine pulls away, or shifts off the common centerline. meters and how they have influenced the industry. But To prevent those problems, consider using some flexi­ compound meters have also changed over the last ble couplings, expansion joints, or flanged couplings decade. Magnetic couplings have replaced stuffing adapters at strategic points within the installation. If a boxes. great deal of pipeline movement is anticipated due to Hermetically-sealed registers have been incorporated. installation conditions, the use of both bolted couplings Intermediate gear trains in the water are disappearing. and expansion joints is recommended. More components are being made from synthetics. And, If the meter installation already exists and one of the completely new, more compact, compound meter components must be taken out, a common approach is designs have been introduced. to cut off a flange from one of the spacers and install a Just as with the new turbine meters, the new compound flanged coupling adapter. But this should not be done meters contain horizontally-mounted turbine chambers. upstream of the water meter because, if the pipes are That means the same installation considerations required ,------,for turbine meters (shown in Figure #2) are By-Pass (Permanent or Temporary) applicable to the new compound meters. Instrumentation . Upstream Isolation Optional Throttling or Shut-Off Valve Valve. Check Valve. More and more, water utilities are finding (Full Opening) BFP or Pressure Regulator Device they need other information in addition to the meter's accumulated registration. They want to know the instantaneous and daily flow rate requirements because of their effect on total system demand, pressure b 1-._ 7 Diameters Strainer and ~ervice Saddle or - 1- --1Tu rbine Meter Pipe Plug For Tee Downstream Shut-Off balance and future needs, regardless of DIRECTION OF or Isolation Valve WATER FLOW Minimum of (Full Opening) daily capacity figures. Frequently, the 5 Diameters - meter site is remotely located from where Downstream of Turbine Meter continued on page 8

7 Turbine Meter and Compound Meter incremental registration, either local or remote to the meter, is very easy to accomplish. Many earlier electronic Installation: An Update meters used signals which were proportional to flow rate. continued from page 7 The signals had to be converted mechanically to provide the data is required. Water systems are becoming more totalization. Most meters now use digital signals which complex because of the public's demand for continuous are already converted for totalization. service and peak demand periods are taxing the utility's Examples of applications using registration (quantity) service capability. include batching, single and multiple setting valve opera­ For years, there have been flow rate sensing-type water tion, excessive consumption or penalty billing, coin/key meters, but these typically have been very large metering operated water distribution, and water treatment controls. devices with complex, environmentally-sensitive record­ With the appropriate signal transmitter on the meter, ing devices. various types of readouts are available based on the rate Now, the need for recording and controlling water flow of water flow. Examples include circular and strip chart quantities and rates has progressed down to the smaller flow demand recorders, pump controllers, flow alarms, meters. Turbine meters, in particular, are now being used water treatment/chemical feed controllers, and flow rate to record, monitor, and control functions and activities not controllers. considered important a decade ago. This same new Conclusion instrumentation has also enabled turbine meters to A major contributing factor to the change in thinking replace older types for master metering purposes. regarding both compound and turbine meters is econom­ Small water systems are recognizing they have the ics. The increasing cost of collecting, producing, and dis­ same needs as larger water systems. A single large tributing potable water to end users is well known. The water user/customer can upset the system's supply bal­ increasingly popular practice of billing sewage charges ance for supplying residential accounts. Various statutes, based on potable water consumption has put an extra health requirements, and local peculiarities are forcing responsibility on water utilities to make certain their large the water purveyor to take action. The cost, complexity, meters operate properly. and lack of in-house expertise, on the other hand, have But, for many years, large meters were ignored. Meters restricted his options. were installed, but monitoring their performance was Responding to those and other n~eds , the water indus­ haphazard. When more revenue was required, water try product suppliers have introduced various families of rates were increased. In the past decade, however, infla­ · instrumentation, thanks largely to advances in electron­ tion and public outcry forced water purveyors to examine ics. Now even the smallest water utility can use instru­ other alternatives to obtain increased revenue. Now, with ments on meters down to even the 5/8" size. the new and improved water meters, significant revenue Instrumentation tied in with the water meter serves the gains and cost savings. await water purveyors. water utility in a variety of ways. Both accumulated and

CLASSIFIED ADS

Operator Wanted Wanted/Needed Wastewater Contract Aeration Type Tertiary Treatment Very small system in western Pennsylvania in desper­ Plant (0.450 MGD), located in Berks County, currently ate need of 3,000-gallon water tank. needs A Class "D" Type I Operator. Laboratory, mechani­ Call PRWA at 800-652-PRWA. cal and electrical skills desirable. Resumes being accept­ ed until June 30, 1994. Salary negotiable. For Sale - For Sale Send resume to: Maidencreek Township Authority Two (2) Complete Booster Pump Stations, working sys­ P.O. Box 289 tem includes Peerless pumps (dual 90 gpm & dual 60 Blandon, PA 1951 0-0289 gpm), climate controls, valves, gauges, underground Attn: Edward Herring, Vice-Chairman vaults, alarms, sumps, etc. Call Cook Environmental Engineering, Inc. with questions or to request specifica­ For Sale - For Sale tions (412) 935-6999. Two (2) Complete Booster Pump Stations, working sys­ tem includes Peerless pumps (dual 90 gpm & dual 60 For Sale - For Sale gpm), climate controls, valves, gauges, underground One two-inch Rockwell meter purchased between 1985 vaults, alarms, sumps, etc. and 1990. · Call Cook Environmental Engineering, Inc. with ques­ Please send sealed bids to the Central Indiana County tions or to request technical specifications (412) 935- Water Authority, 30 East Wiley Street, Homer City, PA 6999. 15748. Deadline is July 29, 1994. 8 Mobd

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9 PENNSYLVANIA RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION AND THE PITTSBURGH PIRATES Saturday, August 27, 1994

FIREWORKS NIGHT 'Burgh Ball 94

Pittsburgh Pirates vs. San Francisco

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County/System: ______

Please send me tickets for the August 27, 1994 Pittsburgh Pirates vs. San Francisco Giants 7:05P.M. Baseball game at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, PA.

I have enclosed $ __ (at $8.00 each) Checks are made payable to: Pennsylvania Rural Water Association

Make your reseNations early! Limited tickets are available, tickets will be mailed to you upon receipt of payment. Thanks! ...... See you at the Ball Game! ! ! ! !

PENNSYVLANIA RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION 138 West Bishop Street Bellefonte, PA 16823 Phone: (814) 353-9302 FAX: (814) 353-9341

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0 National Rural Water Association 0 0 Management & Technical Conference September 19 - 21 , 1994 • New Orleans, Louisiana

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0 National Rural ·water Association Management & Technical Conference September 19 - 21, 1994 • New Orleans, Louisiana 1 1 Allegheny County Health Department Honors RETTEW Assoc iates, I nc . PRWA Members ENGINEEIIS • PLANNERS • EN VI liON MENTAl CONSUUANTS • LANDSCAPE Al1CH ITECTS • SUI!VEYORS Coo1prehensive Environmental Consulting and Engineering Services Including: In observance of National Drinking Water Week the Allegheny County Health Department honored Fawn­ 1 Water/Waste Treatment Design I Groundwater Investigations and Remediation Frazier Water Authority, the Oakmont Water Authority and 1 Municipal Water Wells the Pennsylvania American Water Company which 1 Hazaraous Waste Investigations serves the South Hill area of Allegheny County for excep­ Lancaster, PA (717) 394-3721 Mechanicsburg, PA (717) 697·3551 tional operating performance in 1993. "We applaud these water suppliers not only for excel­ lence in water quality, treatment and monitoring, but also for consistently complying with additional operating Before you requirements that others sometimes overlook," said County Health Director Dr. Bruce W. Dixon. "These addi­ can liit tlie jackpot; tional requirements include properly disposing of treat­ ment wastes and implementing operation and mainte­ nance, emergency response and cross-connection con­ you liave to trol plans." PRWA would like to congratulate the Board members, put a coin in Managers and Operators for their professional approach to providing safe drinking water to their customers. tlie machine. . .. Ffip W i[son

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1 3 SEQUENTIAL BATCH REACTOR: Advanced Activated Sludge Technology printed with permission from Kappe Associates

The SBR is an activated sludge method of wastewater As discussed above, the fundamental difference treatment that features the fill and draw principle in which between the SBR and CAS is that the SBR is controlled all phases of the treatment cycle occur sequentially in through time (normally with a PLC), whereas the CAS is one basin. In contrast, Conventional Activated Sludge controlled through space. In this instance, space means (CAS) systems require separate tanks for the unit individual unit processes located independently of one processes of aeration and sedimentation/clarification. another over a significant land area. This difference in CAS also requires recycling 0.5 to 3.5 times the influent system configuration gives the SBR many technical and flow to maintain proper MLSS concentrations and control financial advantages over the CAS, especially in small SVI. plant applications: An SBR system must comprise either a storage tank Smaller Investment. and an SBR tank, or a minimum of two SBR tanks in Less physical area and less equipment are needed to order to accommodate continuous influent. construct an SBR. The SBR cycle consists of the following phases: No returned activated sludge needed. Fill: Raw wastewater flows into the basin and mixes In an SBR, since aeration and settling occur in the with the mixed liquor settled during the last cycle. same tank, no sludge is lost and none has to be returned React: T he basin is aerated and biological oxidation to the tank to maintain the sludge content. Sludge vol­ takes place. ume and sludge age are controlled by sludge wasting only. In CAS systems, activated sludge must be returned Settle: Aeration is stopped and the solids settle to the from the clarifier in order to promote a healthy microbial bottom while the clear water rises to the top. population. The process of sludge return adds more Draw: The clear liquid is discharged from the top of the equipment and therefore more cost to the CAS system. basin. Flexibility. Idle: Solids are withdrawn from the bottom of the tank. Often actual operating conditions differ from original design conditions. An SBR can respond quickly and eco­ At the end of IDLE, the cycle begins again with the Fill nomically to changing influent characteristics with mini­ phase. mal effluent degradation. Additionally, an SBR operator Although limited use of SBR's began in the 1960s, the can adjust the computerized controls to vary the opera­ fill and draw concept is not a new one. In the early tion. CAS does not have this flexibility. 1900s, activated sludge pioneers Andern and Lockett used the fill and draw scheme in their original experi­ No washout of mixed liquor. ments in which they developed suspended solid growth In an SBR, hydraulic surges will not cause mixed liquor by aerating wastewater. to be washed out. The large volume of the basins pro­ Despite the ingenuity of the fill and draw process, there vides the necessary space to store the large volume of were initial operational hindrances. Effluent discharge solids. required a high energy demand, air diffusers became No washout of small floc particles. clogged with the settling sludge, and the plant needed In order for small particles to settle in the basin and not constant operator attention. Until these operational diffi­ be washed out with the effluent, a nonturbulent environ­ culties were solved, CAS systems were favored over the ment must exist. Such a quiescent environment is a SBR. result of low overflow rate. If the overflow rate is high, the With the advent of energy efficient decant mechanisms, particles will not settle well. An SBR has a large surface improved aeration devices, and computerized control area which enables the system to operate at low overflow systems, the SBR has become technically superior and rates. In the CAS system, a small overflow rate can only more cost effective than the CAS. be achieved with very large clarifiers. Typical SBR over­ The return of·SBR fill and draw systems in the 1980s flow rates are between 200 and 400 gal/day/sq. ft. CAS was encouraged by the US EPA through Research and rates are typically 600-1000 gal/day/sq. ft . Development Grants and Innovative and Advanced SBR technology has been recognized by the United Technology Grants. The advent of reliable microproces­ States Environmental Protection Agency as an sors at reasonable cost, used in conjunction with modern "Innovative Technology" for reducing or mitigating limit/level switches and automatic valves, has been a adverse effects on the U.S. ecosystem. As such, it has major factor in the development and acceptance of this been available for government funding. technology. continued on page 15

1 4 Sequential Batch Reactor continued from page 14

The SBR was the subject of a publication produced by system ~ h ic h was built to replace the CAS. The area the Center tor Environmental Research Information titled, occupied by the SBR is dramatically less than that occu­ Summary Report: Sequencing Batch Reactors pied by the CAS. (EPA/625/8-86/011 ). The cover of this report features a A compari son of the SBR and CAS is su mmarized in photog raph of a CAS system located next to the SBR Table 1.

Table 1·. Comgarison of SBR and CAS PARAMETER SEQUENTIAL BATCH CONTINUOUS ACTIVATED REMARKS REACTOR SYSTEM (SBR) SLUDGE SYSTEM (CAS) CONCEPT Timed sequence in the same tank Spatial Sequence in different tanks Time sequence can be varied in SBR: no such flexibility in CAS. AERATION Intermittent Continuous Increased fl exibility in SBR - both the aeration rate and the aeration duration can be var- ied. Only the aeration rate can be changed in a CAS. MIXED LIQUOR Always in reactor - no recycling. Recycle through reactor and clarifier No need for final clarifiers and RAS pumps in SBR. CAS needs these facilities. FLOWPATIERN Perfect Plug Complete mix or approaching plug A perfect plug flow condition in SBR achieves rapid biodegra- dation of pollutants (shorter reactiontime). CAS requires longer reaction ti me. FLEXIBILITY Considerable Limited SBR operator can routinely change cycl~ durations. aera- lion/mixing strategies. CAS is somewhat limited in these areas. EQUALIZATION Inherent None SBR is an ideal reactor in situ- ations with excessive diurnal variations in flow and BOD. CAS can fail under such cond- tions. REACTOR SIZE Could be larger than CAS because Generally smaller than SBA. Despite larger reactor size, SBR can be more compact and require less overall space because separate clarifiers and RAS pumps are not needed.

OPERATION Microprocessor technology makes SameasSBR. SBR ideal for small plants. PROCESS system easy to operate CAS may not be practical in small plants with excessive diurnal flow variations. EQUIPMENT Less mechanical equipment Significantly more mechanical results in easier operation equip - results in more complicated operation. FLEXIBILITY Tremendous flexibility in SBR; Limited as compared to SBA. TO MEET achieved by changing operational strategy (cycle durations, cycle sequence and aeration/mixing times). Source: US EPA Summary Report: Sequential Batch Reactors, p. 3., 1986.

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Other than air, there is nothing more fundamental to all new laws will allow a standard equivalent to the outdoor of us than clean drinking water. The Safe Drinking Water air risk, and permit states to comply with that - if they Act, recently passed by the Senate, will remove the bur­ take action to combat the indoor air problem. den of unrealistic federal regulations, while it provides The new law will require immediate public notification flexibility and assures quality drinking water. At the same when drinking water is found to be contaminated, and will time, it does not impose mandates without providing require that customers be notified by mail at least once a· funding, freeing local governments from federally year if the system has violated a standard. The old law imposed spending. required the EPA to set the levels for 83 regulated conta­ Over the past several years there have been growing minants, has been the most expensive part of the pro­ concerns about the effectiveness of the drinking water gram for many communities. The new statute regulates program at the federal, state and local levels. Many of only the 15 most dangerous contaminants relevant to the these concerns stem from two basic problems: a lack of given area and sufficient for public safety. adequate resources for compliance and administration; Monitoring the unregulated contaminants used to be and a lack of flexibility for the EPA and States to tailor required at least once every five years by all water sys­ treatment and monitoring to their individual circum­ tems to provide data for the public and the government. stances. Now states can establish alternative monitoring rules to The number of outbreaks of waterborne diseases has replace EPA regulated contaminants - where justified increased in recent years, and several national suNeys by the absence of the contaminant or invulnerability of have revealed the presence of industrial and agricultural source water. It then relaxes monitoring requirements for contaminants in public wells. Recent water scares in systems that do not detect contaminants. Washington and New York, and last year's outbreak of The Safe Drinking Water Law will provide increased waterborne disease in Milwaukee all evidence the need flexibility to communities who comply with the regulations for better enforcement. and links the cost of that regulation to its proven benefits The Safe Drinking Water Act authorizes approximately to human health. It provides relief from the most burden­ $600 million in grants for fiscal year 1994 and $1 billion some mandates, while it increases protection, assuring annually from 1995 to 2000. It establishes a new loan that we all have a safe, adequate, affordable supply of fund to upgrade water p~grams and gives governors the drinking water. authority to transfer up to 50 percent of their federal grant money between the "clean water" and "safe drinking water" loan funds. By 1986, EPA had identified 700 contaminants in drink­ ing water, but had regulated only 23 contaminants. Clearly, the regulations were not helping increase safe Olander drinking water. The new law will eliminate the require­ ment that the EPA regulate 25 new contaminants every UBrophy, three years and replaces it with a common sense process to regulate only those contaminants that present a threat to public health. Inc. The excessive regulations put small communities in a very difficult situation. In the future, systems serving 10,000 people or less will be exempt from monitoring "Providing New Pump Equipment unregulated contaminants and will be permitted to install & Servicing Since 1934. low cost "small system" technology. Also, there will be consolidation of small systems that were previously unable to comply with the standards. Representing: The Act guards against contaminants that pose real • Peerless • Goulds risks to public health. It directs the EPA to determine • Worthington • F.E. Myers allowable levels of pollutants in drinking water and to • Grundfos • Berkley· establish the terms under which supplies must reduce • Hydr-o-matic • Vaughan pollutants. For example, higher levels of carcinogens • Reda • Pleuger would be allowed as long as there was no significant • Chern Tech • MTHTool increase in the threat to human health. It has been noted that most of the risk from radon comes from indoor air, rather than drinking water. The 2300 Eldo Road Monroeville, PA 15146 Phone: 412-372-71 03 1 8 ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Serving the water treatment industry with these fine p roducts and services.

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20 PRWAALERT:

Have You Seen These People At Your System Lately?

Proceed With Caution!

2 1 PRWA

Represents Rural Water In Washington D.C.

Congressman Paul E. Kanjorski Teresa, Dave, Steve and Jan lobby for you!

Dave and Jan tackle some big fish while in Washington D.C.

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Seventh Annual PENNSYLVANIA RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION State Conference and Exposition 24 HOW TO DEVELOP AND FINANCE CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS

a training program for local officials sponsored by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is pleased to formally announce the first of two training programs in 1994 to help local government officials with all aspects of capital improvements- How to Develop and Finance Capital Improvements. Sponsored by the Environmental Training Partnership, which includes the state Department of Community Affairs (DCA), Department of ·Environmental Resources (DER) and the Pennsylvania Infrastructure Investment Authority 9PENNVEST), this one-day program is designed to equip local officials with the technical skills needed to plan and finance all types of capital projects, with. an emphasis on water and sewer projects. The Partnership invites the following individuals to attend - elected and appointed municipal officials, managers, planning commission members, PENNVEST and Community Development Block GRant applicants and potential applicants, qnd author­ ity board members and their staff. The workshops will be conducted by local officials, private consultants and state officials experienced in capital planning and financing. Each session will begin at 8:30 a.m. and conclude by 4:30 p.m. Dates and locations for the How to Develop and Finance Improvements training program are as follows:

Carlisle August 2 State College August 3 Wilkes-Barre August 4 Allentown August 9 Meadville August 10 Clarion August 11 Monroeville September 20 Altoona September 21

The cost of each training program is $30.00 per person, which includes course mate­ rials and refreshments. To obtain a brochure or to pre-register please contact Teri Foster or Paul Mathison at (717) 787-5177. Space is limited.

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Pennsylvania Chapter hensive solutions for : American Backflow 0 Groundwater Resources Development Prevention Association 0 Groundwater Avail ability Studies 1994 Conference & Exposition 0 Wellhead Protection 0 'tll Field Management How's your BACKFLOW and CROSS-CONNECTION <:;:W:::::. 0 W~ll Location Siting -~ .... ,. lit PROGRAM progressing??? Pennsylvania Rural Water 0 Water Supply TreatmeH&.f. .;.•YM~· Association Members are invited to attend the 3rd Annual 0 Wastewater System De'sfgn:=~ ·· o'nsti-uction, State Conference on BACKFLOW and CROSS-CON­ NECTION to be held on September 19th, 20th and 21st, and Operation in the beautiful Pocono Mountains. The conference will be informative and educational as we will have sessions pre­ -·- sented by some of the nation's most knowledgeable and r::lintegratin_g engin~ering and sciences ~ith equipme_nt, respected leaders in the backflow and cross-connection •::Nt<;>.tf.§,fruCt!On, mamtenance, and operations to prov1de industry, along with manufacturers and distributors who :!Ji::q; total solutions to environmental issues will display the latest technology in devices and assem­ ·.·.;::::::~·· -·- blies. 1-800-944-6778 or 1-717-944-5501 For additional information call:

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26 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS HELP SUPPORT OUR WORK LET'S SUPPORT THEM! A· I PIPE INC. GEOSOURCE PARKER BROTHERS WEU DRilLING INC. BOX 65, OAKDALE, PA 15701 7 SOUTH SEASONS DRIVE. DilLSBURG. PA 1701 8 6075 EAST STATE STREET, HERMITAGE, PA 16148 ADVANCE INSTRUMENTS. INC. GIBSON THOMAS ENGINEERING PATCOASSOC. ·CARL ANDERSON AGENCY 5335 PROGRESS BLVD .. BETl-IEL PARK, PA 15012 BOX 853, 502 MAIN STREET, LATROBE. PA 15850 133NORTH 5TH STREET, ALLENTOWN, PA 18102·4151 ANDREWS CONSULTING GWIN, DOBSON, FOREMAN, INC. PBS CHEMICAL CO.. INC. 368 MAIZE DRIVE. PITTSBURGH. PA 15236 2900 FAIRWAY OR. BOX 1589. ALTOONA, PA 16603 P.O. BOX428, MCKEESPORT. PA 15134 AOUA·TECH HACH COMPANY PrTTSBURG TANK & TOWER CO. 105 JUDSON AVENUE, BUTLER, PA 16601 281 AMBERFIELD OR.. MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054·5128 P.O. BOX 1349, HENDERSON. KY 42420 AUS CONSULTANTS HEATH CONSULTANTS, INC. PrTTSBURGH TANK & TOWER WEBER ACK & WILSON, INC. A.D. 3, BOX 325, BELLE VERNON, PA 15012 9896 BUSTLETON AVE. (A442). PHILADELPHIA. PA 19115 1000 N. FRONT STREET, SUITE 200 WORMLEYSBURG. PA 17043 HEGEMANN AND WRAY POW·R MOLE SALES & SERVICE 723 FRONT STREET. CRESSON. PA 16630 8820 KELLER RD.. CtARENCE CENTER, NY 14032 BADGER METER. INC. 5301 UMESTONE RD., SUITE 211 HERBERT, ROWLAND & GRUBIC INC. PRECISION METERS, INC. WILMINGTON. DE 18808 389 EAST PARK DRIVE, HARRISBURG, PA 17111 11100 ASTRONAUT BLVD.. ORLAND. FL 32837 BANKSON ENGINEERS HILL ENGINEERING INC, PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, INC. tOO BLUE RUN RD.. P.O. BOX 200,1NDIANOIA, PA 15051 8 GIBSON STREET, NORTH EAST, PA 16428 TWO LOGAN SOUARE, SUITE 1600, PHILADELPHIA. PA 19103 BARBER'S CHEMICALS, INC. HUNT ENGINEERS & ARCHITECTS INC. R & 0 ENGINEERING, P.C. 950 MAIN STREET. P.O. BOX 135, SHARPSVILLE. PA 16150 185 EAST CORNING ROAD, CORNING, NY 14830 40 OAK SPRING DRIVE, PITTSBURGH, PA 15238· 1744 BCM ENGINEERS, INC. I.K. STOlTZFUS SERVICE CORP. A E WRIGHT & ASSOC. ONE PLYMOUTH MEETING. PLYMOUTH MEETING, PA 19462 188 GREENFIELD ROAD, LANCASTER, PA 17601 3240 SCHOOLHOUSE RD .. MIDDLETOWN, PA 17057·3595 1172 W. MAIN ST.. STROUDSBURG, PA 18360.1323 INSrTUFORM EAST, INC. A F SCHNEIDER PIPE &SUPPLY BCM ENGINEERS, INC. 211 WOODLAND ROAD. BUTLER. PA 16001-1928 ROUTE 18 NORTH, AD 2 BOX 343, CONNEAUT LAKE, PA 18316 C/0 DEVINE INTERVENTION, CLARKS SUMMIT. PA 19411-21144 IRON CrTY WATER & WASTE, INC. RALPH L. STEMLER .• INC. 7950ST1JBENVILLE PIKE, IMPERIAL, PA 15126-9134 BERMAO CONTROL VALVES 401 WASHI>IGTONAV91UE, PO BOX 122.BROOEVI.I.E. PA 15017-o722 BOX330. CARNEGIE, PA 15108 JOHN l . STEENSON AND ASSOCIATES REED MANUFACTlJRING COMPANY CENTRE ANALYTICALLASORTORIES. INC. 5026 E. STATE STREET, HERMITAGE. PA 16148 P.O. BOX 1321, 1425 W, 8TH ST., ERIE, PA 16512·1321 3048 RESERACH DRIVE, STATE COLLEGE, PA 16601 JOSEPH G. POLLARD CO. RESOURCE TECHNOLOGIES CORP. 200ATLANTIC AVENUE. NEW HOPE PARK, NY 11040 145 ATE 31 N., PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-3603 CHEMPLYDIVISION OF E & E(US) INC. P.O. BOX 18049, PITTSBURGH, PA 15236 KENNEDY VALVE MFG. CO. RETTEW ASSOCIATES, INC. 189 COLEMAN AVENUE, ElMIRA, NY 14905 ~~~Y~~~~~TT%5tGEH~u~ l~~ 3020 COLUMBIA AVE .. LANCASTER, PA 17603 KERR MARKETING AGENCY RIORDAN MATERIALS CORPORATION 6198 BUTLER PIKE. SUITE 150, BLUE BELL, PA 19422 CO·BANK NATIONAL BANK FOR CO·OPS 10001 YORK THETA DRIVE. ClEVELAND, OH 44133 200GAI.LERIA PKWY. SUITE 1900,ATLANTA, GA30331l KJELl WATER CONSULTANTS INC. ROMAC INDUSTRIES/HAYS BRASS COLUMBIAN STEEL TANK COMPANY BOX 834, BELOIT, WISCONSIN 53511 6108 LANSGATE RD .. MIDLOTHIAN, VA 23112 1064 FOURTH AVE. SOUTH. P.O. BOX 3112, SEATTLE. WA98114 5400 KANSAS AVENUE, KANSAS CITY, KS 66105 KROFTA WATER. INC. COMMONWEALTH ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY INC. P.O. BOX, LENOX. MA 01240 RRZ PUBLIC MAKRETS INC. SUITE 3100 CNG TOWER, PITTSBURGH. PA 15222 1240 NORTH MOUNTAIN ROAD. HARRISBURG, PA 1711 2 L ROBERT KIMBAU 615 W. HIGHLAND AVENUE, EBENSBURG, PA 15931 SAFETY CORP OF AMERICA CONRADY CONSULTANTS SERVICES 10051NTERNATIONAL DRIVE, OAKDALE. PA 15071-9223 P.O. BOX 650948, VERO BEACH, FL 32965-0948 L.B. WATER SERVICE, SOUTH INC. CONTINENTAL INOUSTRIES 427 SKELLY ROAD. CHAMBERSBURG. PA 17201 SAL CHEMICAL CO.. INC. 3035 BIRCH DRIVE, WEIRTON. WV 26062 436 SPRUCE DRIVE, EXTON, PA 19341·2020 LAMOTTE CHEMICAL CULLIGAN INOUSTRIAL WATER SYSTEMS P.O. BOX, AT. 213N, CHESTERTOWN, MD 21820 SEEWALD LABS, INC. 1403 W. 4TH STREET, WIUAMSPORT, PA 17701 SO BELDEN AVENUE, SODUS. NY 14551 LARSON DESIGN GROUP 410 PEN ST.. P.O. BOX 487, WILLIAMSPORT, PA tn~0487 SENATE ENGINEERING CO. DAFEHR INC. 420 WIUIAM PENN HIGHWAY. PITTSBURGH. PA 15238 BOX 189, FRIEDENSBURG, PA 17933 LAYNE OHIO CO-COS DAVID BONKOV1CH TESTlNG SERVICES 4921 VULCAN AVENUE, COLUMBUS, OH 43228·9848 SENSUS TECHNOlOGIES, INC. P.O. BOX 487.450NOI1'TH GAI.LATlNAVENVE.lNONTOWN. PA 15401 194 TROXEL ROAD, SHOEMAKERSVILLE. PA 18565 LAYNE WELL & PUMP· HYDRO GROUP DRESSER INDUSTRIES, INC. BOX 788. MEADVILLE. PA 16335 SOMPLE SUPPLY, INC. BOX 428, GREENSBURG, PA 15601 41 FISHER AVE., BRAOF.ORD. PA 16701 LEE·SIMPSON ASSOCil>.TES, INC. P.O. BOX 504, OUBOIS, PA 15801 STERNSON, INC. EARTH DATA INCORPORATED P.O. BOX 130, BRANTFORD, ONTARIO CAN N3T·5N1 918 SPRING DRIVE, EXTON, PA 19341 LEGGETTE, BRASHEARS & GRAHAM INC. STIFFLER, MCGRAW & ASSOCIATES, INC. EASTERN SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT. INC. 314 EXTON COMMONS. EXTON, PA 19341 19 N. JUNIATA ST.. PO BOX 482. HOLLIDAYSBURG, PA 18848 272GRANITE RUN DRIVE. LANCASTER. PA 17601 LIGHT·HEIGEL & ASSOCIATES, INC. 1054 EAST MAIN STREET, PALMYRA, PA 17078 SUBSURFACE TECHNOLOGIES ECOMETRICS, INC. 165 STEWART AVENUE. E. ROCHESTER, PA 15074 130 W. MAIN STREET, SILVERDALE, PA 18962 LIB WATER SERVICE. INC. EICHELBERGERS, INC. 550 S. HIGH STREET. P.O. BOX 60. SEUINSGROVE, PA 17870 TECHNICAL PRODUCTS CORPORATION 1520 HIGH STREET, PORTSMOUTH, VA 23704 841 W. TRINOLE ROAD, MECHANICSBURG. PA 17055 MAIN LINE DISTRIBUTORS ENOPCON,INC. 188 BORO LINE ROAD, KING OF PRUSSIA, PA 19408 THE CHLORAMONE CO. 723CHESTNUT ST.. P.O. BOX 779, EMMAUS, PA 18049 2038 UNCOLN WY E. SUITE B. CHAMBERSBURG. PA 17201 MALATESTA HAWKE & MCKEON ENVIRONMENTAL EOUIPMENT & SERVICE COMPANY P.O. BOX 1778. 100 NORTH STREET, HARRISBURG, PA 17105 THE EAOS GROUPINELIAN ENGINEERS DIVISION P.O. BOX 837, SOMERSET. PA 15501.0837 7WEST9TH ST., MARCUS HOOK. PA 19081 MARION HilL ASSOCIATES. INC. EXETER SUPPLY CO. INC. P.O. BOX 252, NEW BRIGHTON, PA 15066o0252 THE KUPfERlE FOUNDRY COMPANY· ECLIPSE 813 HEMPSTEAD STREET, ST. LOUIS, M063102 16SWAMP ROAD. WERNERSVILLE, PA 19585 MAST ENGINEERING CO.. INC. 506 NORWAY PLACE. BETl-IUEHEM. PA 18015 42 S. 5TH ST., READING. PA 19602·1049 THOMAS, THOMAS. ARMSTRONG & NIESEN 212 LOCUST STREET. P.O. BOX 9500, HARRISBURG. PA 17108·9500 FAIRWAY LABORATORIES. INC. MEISER & EARL,INC. P.O. BOX 1825, ALTOONA. PA 16602 1512WESTCOI.LEGEAVE .. STATE COLLEGE. PA 16601 mAN INOEMNrTY COMPANY· MIKE ARLEDGE P.O. BOX 60007, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78209 FIRST VALLEY BANK MET· PRO CORPORATION 100BROOHEAO ROAD. BETl-ILEHEM. PA 18301 STILES-KEM DIVISION, ZION, IL 60099 TRUMBULL INDUSTRIES BOX 5551NTERSTATE 70AT RT. 817, BENTLEYV1UE, PA 15314 ASHER TANK CO. METTE, EVANS & WOODSIDE 3141 WEST FOURTH STREET. CHESTER, PA 1901~1899 P.O. BOX 5950,3401 N. FRONT ST.. HARRISBURG, PA 1711Q.0950 TlJCKERARENSBERG, PC 116 PINE ST.. SUITE 403, HARRISBURG. PA 17101 FLOMOTION SYSTEMS INC, MID ATLANTlC STORAGE SYSTEMS 586N. FRENCH ROAD, STE &.AMHERST. NY 14228·2103 1551 ROBINSON RD .. WASHINGTON CT HOUSE. OH 43160 UNI·TEC CONSULTING ENGINEERS. INC. 2007 CATO AVE., STATE COLLEGE, PA 16601 FLUID CONSERVATION SYSTEMS. INC. MID PENN ENG. CORP. 68S4 NOCAPITALOFTX HWY.AUSTIN. TX 7875~ 2033 W. MARKET ST., P.O. BOX 51, LEWISBURG. PA 17837 UTILITY PIPING SYSTEMS, INC. 400 SOUTH GRAVERS ROAD. PLYMOUTH MEETING. PA 19482 FLUID SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL INC. MID-STATE CHEMICALS 2010NORTHWAY ROAD. WILLIAMSPORT, PA 17701 P.O. BOX 430,ALTOONA, PA 16603 UTILITY SERVICES ASSOCIATES, INC. A 451 MARY ST.. SCRANTON, PA 18508 FORD METER BOX MONTAUK SERVICES INC. P.O. BOX 443. WABASH, IN 46992 ATTN: ROSEANNE. 84·AJOHNSON AVE., HACKENSA~ NJ 07601 UTlLrTY SUPPLY OF AMERICA 3995 COMMERICALAVENUE, NORTHBROOK, IL 60052 FRANKLIN MIUER, INC. MOODY AND ASSOCIATES, INC. 80 OKNER PARKWAY, LIVINGSTON. NJ 07039 A.D. 4, COTTON ROAD, MEADV1UE, PA 16335 VICTORY WHITE METAL CO. 10190 NEW BUFFALO ROAD. CANAELD, OH 44408 FREE-COL LABORATORIES MUELLER CO. P.O. BOX 557, COTTON RD .. MEADVILLE, PA 16335 759 GOLDEN EAGLE DRIVE, NAZARETl-1. PA 18064 W.C. WEll CO. P.O. BOX 199,ALUSON PARK. PA 15101 GANNETT FLEMING.INC. NATIONAL ROAD UTILrTY SUPPLY P.O. BOX 67100. HARRISBURG. PA 17108-7100 BOX 188, WEST ALEXANDER, PA 15378 WALSH VALVE AND SPECIALTY CO. 1431 GRANDIN AVENUE. PrTTSBURGH, PA 15216 GEO.SERVICES. LTD NrTTANY GEOSCIENCE 1240 N. MOUNTAIN ROAD. HARRJS8URG, PA 17112 120 RADNOR ROAD. STATE COLLEGE. PA 16601 WATERPRO SUPPUES CORP. 4570 WEST 77TH STREET, STE 300, EDINA, MN 55435 GEORGES. COYNE CHEMICAl. CO. INC. OlANDER & BROPHY 3015 STATE ROAD, CROYDON, PA 19020 BOX 73. 2300 ELOO ROAD. MONROEVIUE. PA 15146 Remember to support all PRWA Associate Members "What's in it for Me?- Sometimes a PRWA discount - Call them and find out! 29 Down The Well - I just returned home from Rhode Island where I Traveled Road attended the college graduation ceremony for my youngest son. It's amazing how fast time goes by by Judy Muehl, and how everything changes. I found myself wish- Groundwater Protection Technician ing I could go back to easier times, times when things didn't seem so complicated, so hard, and confusing - when raising two kids seemed a much less stressful job than trying to help save our state's groundwater resources. On my way home I thought about all the changes the small water and wastewater systems are going through, and I realized that you also are going through that stage of wondering why you can't go back to less complicated times. I don't have any magical answers for you anymore than I have for myself! I have always heard that change is good, so if it's any consolation . .. maybe the changes will make us better people, bet­ ter operators, better managers, and better decision makers . .. at least we hope! On a more "upbeat note," the new state sign has been given approval by both the state and federal highway depart­ ments. We do not have a date for the availability of the sign, but we hope to have the first ones go up by the end of July. To purchase the water supply area signs to help protect your water source, you must first have an approved watershed or wellhead protection plan. So if you're concerned that the recharge area for your water source intersects with a state high­ way or secondary road now is the time to start thinking about protecting that source. For those of you thinking about doing a wellhead protection plan, we have good news. Several of our associate mem­ bers have offered a benefit to members of the association. Geo-Services Inc., Acer Engineering Inc., and Moody's and Associates are offerin·g a delineation by their respective hydrogeologists for a fee of $800 for one well, with a slight addi­ tional charge if there are other wells in the same aquifer. If wells are located in a different aquifer (serving the same sys­ tem) it would be $800 for one well and an additional charge if all the research is done by the PAWA groundwater techni­ cian. For those of you who have inquired on prices to do wellhead protection, you know that you can't beat this offer! We hope in the future we will have more associate members joining this program to help the small systems! Just one more thought . .. we can make a difference in the quality of our drinking water in Pennsylvania. Remember that we all live downstream from something. PAWA has proved that cooperation between industries and water suppliers can happen. Michael Waltrip of the Pennzoil NASCAA Racing Team just finished the first public service announcement to educate truck drivers on the water supply area sign for Pennsylvania. We can do this ... but we need everyone's help!

News From PRWA's Associate Members

Member Benefits

Wellhead Protection Delineations: Three of our associate members, Acer Engineers & Consultants, Inc., Geoservices, LTD and Moodys and Associates are offering a benefit to members of the Pennsylvania Aural Water Association. When all information and research is done by the PAWA ground­ water technician, they will do a delineation on the well recharge area for $800 for one well, with an addi­ tional charge for other wells in the same aquifer. If you have other wells in different aquifers, a charge of $800 for the first well and an additional charge for other wells in that aquifer. The charge for the addi­ tional wells in an aquifer will be determined case by case depending on the complexity of the area. If any of our members have received a price on a wellhead protection plan and delineation . .. you know that this is a great deal. The system will determine who they would like to do the delineation ... and we'll go from there!

30 Don't Toss It: A Business Record Keeping Primer

Whatever your record keeping needs, some docu­ • Minutes of official meetings ments are too valuable to toss. Records that involve tax • Payroll records and legal issues, for example, should be carefully pre­ • Personnel files and supervisory notes served, as should many personnel records. • Photographs of equipment and property Among the records you should safeguard: • Property records, such as deeds and leases • Articles of incorporation • Publications., such as your own brochures and • Asset records newsletters • Books of account • Tax returns and correspondence with tax agencies • Business investment records • Vendor master files • Bylaws Of course, you may need additional critical records • Court documents . depending on your business or trade. Generally, any • Customer master files record that might affect your dealings with a taxing or • Employment applications and correspondence governmental authority or a court of law should always • Financial statements be saved. When in doubt about the prospective value of • Health and safety inspections and incident reports any financial record, you're usually better off keeping it. • Insurance polices and claims data And, of co~rse , always keep records of activities affect­ • Legal agreements and papers ing your profitability, or records you use on a regular • Licenses and permits basis.

WATER ACCOUNTABILITY SERVICES/PRODUCTS

• Operations/accounting audits ·· Meter testing • Maintenance and repair of instruments - most makes • Leak detection/pinpointing services and instruments • AQUA-SCOPE® • STETHOPHONE • GEOPHONE • Pipe/cable locators • Va lve box locators

For more information, write or call: Heath Consultants Incorporated, Rte. 51, RD 3 #, Box 325, Belle Vernon, PA 15012. Tel: 412/929-2300 or Toll Free 1-800-HEATH US (432-8487). • ""-I lEATH fC()NSULTANTS

An organization with offices across the United States and Canada, Heath Consultants has almost 60 years of successful experience in water accountability 3 1 "What's In This for My System?" * Free Access to Pennsylvania Rural Water Association's Technical Assistance Library, slide presentations and videos * Periodical discounts given to members only- offered through our Associate Members * Free access to technical equipment * Free yearly subscription to our magazine "The Keystone Tap" * Free copy of Pennsylvania Rural Water Association "Industry Contact Book" or supplier information offered * Information sent directly to you on all Pennsylvania Rural Water Association's Training Sessions * Discount for members only given on Pennsylvania Rural Water Associations' Annual Technical Conference * Technic~l assistance provided by.registered circuit riders at no charge to you * Periodic mailings of all legislative updates pertaining to water/wastewater systems * A quarterly "Members Only" Newsletter

To become a System Member of PRWA, see membership application on back cover of this issue.

"What's In This For Me, An Associate Member?" * The chance to offer Pennsylvania Rural Water Association's members a special discount to promote your product * Free yearly subscription to our magazine "The Keystone Tap" and dis­ counted advertising * Free advertising in Pennsylvania Rural Water Association's "Industry Contact Book" * Information sent directly to you on all Pennsylvania Rural Water Association's Training Sessions * Discount for members only given on Pennsylvania Rural Water Associations' Annual Technical Conference registration and exhibiting * Periodic mailings of all legislative updates pertaining to water/wastewater systems * A quarterly ~~Members Only" Newsletter * Annual Associate Members Luncheon

To become an Associate Member of PRWA, 32 see membership application on back cover of this issue. Here is what people are saying about PRWA: PENNSYLVANIA RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Railroad Borough Council Box 56 Railroad, PA J 7355

July 7, 1994

Pennsylvania Rural Water Association 138 West Bishop Street Bellefonte, PA 16823

Attn. Steve Krchnavy,

I'm writing to personally thank your Associ.ation for sending Chris Shutt, to assist us in locating the leaks in our water system. The professional way he conducted himself finding leaks and answering our many questions did your Association proud. It's good to know that there is associations like yours with professional people like Chris aboard that are wi ll ing and able to belp small boroughs and townships when we need professional help.

Sincerely, c(~{wL-

Jack Lee Council Member

Working For Rural Ameri ca

John Cole Ken Hide Assistant Vice Vice President President Rural water and waste disposal systems provide essential services, develop ntral economies, build new businesses und create job oppor-tunities. It tak es hard work, ingenuity, and planning to get the job done. And sometimes financing. We've been providing financing for rural America for more than 60 years. CoB ANK specializes in financing water and waste disposal systems which serve largely rmincorporated areas or communities with populations of 20,000 or less. We provide creditworthy systems with short-term, intermediate and long­ term loans for FmHA interim financing, construction, equip1nent and refinancing . And we offer flexible terms to meet your specific needs. lfyou needfinancialservices, calltts. 1(800)255-74.29. COBANK ------iiiii®Rural America's Cooperative Banko

33 GD&F GWIN DOBSON& FOREMAN INC. (814)943-5214 Consulting Engineers Corporate Office: 2900 Fairway Drive P.O. Box 1589 Altoona, PA 16603 Fax: (814) 943-8494

Watermain Cleaning by the Experts MALATESTA

• Distribution Mains • Transmission Mains HAWKE & • Leak Detection • Turn-Key Consulting • Foam Pigs, Launchers. and Receivers McKEON *Meter Installation • PENNVEST Applications

Call, write, or fax • Environmental Regulation and Litigation for a free quotation: Montauk Services, Inc. • Public Utility Commission Proceedings 84A Johnson Avenue Hackensack, New Jersey 07601 Fax: (201) 525-1787 • Regulatory Compliance Matters MoNTAuK Phone: 800-632-8893 SERVICES • Related State and Federal Litigation I NCORPORAlED

MALATESTA HAWKE & McKEON 100 North Tenth Street P.O. Box 1778 1-800-632-8893 Harrisburg, PA 17105 (717) 236·1300 Contact: Louise A. Knight Tho.mas ) . Sniscak Thomas P. Brogan

34 Math Corner Answers from page 4

CET Engineering Treatment Plant Worksheet Question 1 Services DT = ~ Q Clear Solutions to Complex Problems OT = 20' X 8' X 6' X 7.5 ~X 24 ~ = 4.32 hr. '------' Specializing in 40,000 gpd Watetworks & Wastewater Engineering Question 2 OR=O • Water & Wastewater Treatment Plant Design A • Customized Slow Sand Filtration Design OR = 80,000 gpd = 80.000 gpd = 314.5 gg! • Lead/Copper Investigation 0.785 (18)2 254.3 ft2 • Corrosion Control Studies • Ground Water Development Question 3 • System Modeling FR = Q • Act 537 Planning A FR = 400,000 gal = 1.71 gpm/ft2 • GIS for Well Head Protection (3) (6') (9') (1440 ~ ) • GIS for Utilities Management

Offices 1240 N. Mountain Road 321 Washington St. Harrisburg, PA 17112 Huntingdon, PA 16652 · Phone: (717) 541-0622 Phone: (814) 643-8260 Fax: (717) 541-8004 Fax: (814) 643-8269

SR®II Water Meters Count on Sensus feature sealed registers and are guaranteed to meet AW'NA new ••• for unmatched quality, value and meter accuracy standards for service in flow measurement products! 5 years- repaired meter standards for 15 years.

SRH Single Register Sensing The Future with advanced Automafic Meter Compound Meters Reading systems for meters in pits, vaults and inside sets. r::==~11e"" for measuring a wide range of flows and volume. Single RadioReadm billing register for fewer Available In handheld and vehicle reading errors. versions - reads in both "blind" and geographic modes. Series "W" Turbo-Meters feature exclusive right-angle magnetic drive for accurate tracking and virtually troubl ~ free performance. TouchReadiDSystem for fast. accurate on-site meter ~ . eNSUS reading. A/so available - P. 0. Box487 Uniontown, PA 15401 PhonReadm Battery-free 5 Call Inbound meter reading. T E C H N 0 L 0 G .I E S , I N C. Phone: 1-800-METER-IT FAX: (412) 430-4056 3 5 i

- , -.·- i !I _ - .1. ·; ~_·

Lower lead and copper levels with a helping hand from the people at ARM & HAMMER® Confidence at the tap. Now more than ever that's what cally reducing leaching. Bennington has experienced you and the citizens of your town expect. a 95% decline in point-of-use (POU) first draw lead levels, with current values consistently below 10 ppb. One of the things that can threaten that confidence is Fitchburg recorded a 75% decline in copper levels and contamination by lead and copper. This is a particular a 60% decline in lead levels after only six months of problem in areas where soft, acidic surface waters treatment, with first draw lead levels less than 10 ppb. pass through lead service pipes and copper household plumbing. Such was the case in Ben:nington, Vermont, The success of Bennington and Fitchburg can and Fitchburg, Massachusetts. be yours. Call The Bicarbonate Experts'" at Church & Dwight today for a no-obligation as­ These two New England municipalities tackled their sessment of your surface water situation. problem by raising the pH and alkalinity of the water prior to distribution in an effort to render the water less corrosive and prevent lead leaching. Sodium hy­ Church & Dwight Co., Inc. droxide was used to boost pH and ARM & HAMMER0 Specialty Products Division pure sodium bicarbonate was added to increase 469 North Harrison Street PO. Box CN5297 alkalinity. Princeton, NJ 08543-5297 800-221-0453 (outside NJ) . The results were outstanding! A hard, impervious 609-683-5900 coating formed on the inside of the lead service pipes, effectively sealing the pipes from water and dramati- © 1991 Church & Dwight Co., Inc. 36 One More Thing! PRWA is pleased to introduce Chuck Groff as our new wastewater circuit rider. He is a great addition to our staff. Bill Keller will now take on the responsibility of a new wastewater training and tech­ nical assistance program. Bill will be scheduling 12 wastewater training seminars across the state, and we are looking for systems with meeting rooms to host waste­ water training. PRWA is also taking on a new look. Debra Fagan, our former membership services person is now our office administrator. We would like to welcome to the PRWA family Sherri Walker, membership services/training and Dick Eyeler, accounting. We are now prepared to start our Harrisburg Legislative Initiative. It is time for our state legislators to recognize the problems facing small systems in Pennsylvania. If you know a state legislator, tell them about PRWA and your situations. We are planning to head to Harrisburg in force in 1995. If you would like to help PRWA with this initiative, please call me. I need help on this one. PRWA special project circuit riders are now visiting systems in northern Cambria County. This was made possible by a grant from RDA to PRWA. Hopefully this is just the first of many special projects that PRWA will be granted to better serve our members. Check out our training schedule. There is something for everyone. One more thing -see you at the ballgame Saturday, August 27, Bucs vs. Giants, and it's Fireworks Nite!

What's On Tap? by Chris Shutt, Circuit Rider, PRWA

I don't have much to say this time: I'm very busy trying to keep up with the flood of calls coming in for me. I would like to say, "If I didn't come back to you in a timely manner with your request, I apol­ ogize, please be patient with me, I'll get to you." Well, hopefully next issue I'll have some better news and maybe a technical article for you. So be proud of what you do and do it well.

Meet The Staff

Hi! My name is ·sherri Walker, and I'm one of the new kids on the block. ·It is my pleasure to be the new Membership/Training Coordinator at PRWA. Also new to the office is Chuck Groff, who is our Wastewater Circuit Rider. Some other changes have taken place since our last publication that I know will interest you too. First, Deb Fagan (for­ merly Membership/Training Coordinator) is our Office Administrator. Second, Bill Keller (formerly Wastewater Circuit Rider) is now our Wastewater Training Technician. I'm happy to say that Chris Shutt, Water Circuit Rider; Judy Muehl, Groundwater Technician; and Steve Krchnavy, Program Manager, are still with us and ready to help you in any way possi­ ble. It is going to be an exciting time at PRWA during the next few months as we learn our new duties and adjust to the growth of the organization. We will continue to provide the same services that you have received in the past and hope the changes will improve these services. I look forward to getting to know you while serving as Membership/Training Coordinator. If you have any questions, com­ ments, or suggestions that you feel will improve your membership or our services to you, please feel free to call me. I will be glad to help you in any way I can.

3 1 Rash Limburger

Hi everybody, it's Rash Limburger greeting you once again, after a brief but well deserved respite from the trials and tribulations of professional journalism. Did you miss me? Of course you did! Well I'm back, and I have lots to talk about, so let's get to it! First off, was anybody out there dumb enough not to be at PRWA's Annual State Technical Conference in State College? I was there, so you should have been there, too. If you weren't, you ? missed the best conference the industry has to offer. Secondly, I understand some of you were wondering how to recognize me. Well, I was the most dis­ II tinguished looking gentleman in attendance. That should be easy enough!

O.K. Let's go the phones.

Caller: "Hey, Rash?" Rash: "You got him." Caller: "Yeah. Love your show. Hey, I got a problem here you can maybe help me with." Rash: "Go ahead." Caller: "Well, when we had all that wet weather at the beginning of the spring, I lost all the bugs in my plant. How can I get my flows down?" Rash: "Well, you could run a line straight to the creek from the last manhole before the plant, but DER tends to frown on that, so my advice to you would be to begin an I and I study to determine where the heaviest flows are com­ ing from. Contact PRWA, and I'm sure they will give you all the information you need. Probably more than you need, because it's hard to get those guys to shut up once they start talking." Caller: "O.K. Thanks, Rash." Rash: "No problem, next caller." Caller: "Yeah, Rash." Rash: "Go ahead, caller." Caller: "Hey, we are building a new treatment plant, and I'd like to know what the best treatment process is. Can you help me?" Rash: "Sure. Get the one that works! Really, you need to look at each individual situation, what your water quality is, how much maintenance is involved, what your energy costs are, etc. and collect as much information as possi­ ble, from as many sources as possible, make an educated decision, and pray a lot." Caller: "Amen to that!" Rash: "All right, one more caller, go ahead." Caller: "Hey, Rash, this has nothing to do with water, but do you know where I can get strawberries? I want to make some strawberry wine." Rash: "As a matter of fact, I understand PRWA has.a new wastewater circuit rider named Chuck Groff who grows them in his spare time (which he won't have anymore). From what I understand, he's big and ugly like Chris Shutt, but he's not as big of a Bulls*&*#*# as Krchnavy, and he's not as dumb as Keller. Caller: "Hey thanks, Rash." Rash: "You're welcome. And so ends another mind expanding session of 'Ask Rash.' See you next time, take care, and drive carefully around golf courses because I understand the boys from Rural Water decided to take up golf!

Coming in the next issue of The Keystone Tap • • • * Featured Water/Wastewater Systems (Watch for your system to be featured)

*Conference Information "PRWA's Seventh Annual Technical & Exposition Conference"

38 Env i r o n mental Equipment a nd Service Co. 7WEST9THST. -MARCUS HOOK, PA 19061

* Metering Pumps *Gas Chlorinators * Parts and Accessories * Service and Installation

IN STOCK COMPETITIVE PRICING

W ALJLACJE & T][JERNAN JLM][ JENTJERRA NALGJENE ·

PHONE: (215) 497-5900 FAX: (215) 497-3293

If You depend on water ... You can depend on CDS.

0 Water Well Design and Construction 0 Pump Sales, lnstallation, Repa ir 0 Sonar-Jet and Aquasrream 0 Hydrological Services As part of the largest and most experienced water system service 0 Water Treatment Services company in the nation, CDS provides 0 Test Drilling professional services for industry, agriculture and municipalities. COS. 0 Downhole TV a division of Layne-Western 0 Monitoring Holes Company; Inc., has the resources and 0 We ll Redevelopment trained personnel to handle all your water supply needs. 0 Chlorinator Service 24-hour emergency service, 7 days a week CDS AO'...... ei U,..•w.-c--_,-'/. 11'~ 279 Millers Run Rd. Bridgeville, PA 15017 412/257-8310 39 FIELD ERECTED STEEL· STORAGE TANKS

.-.FISHER TANK COMPANY·

3131 WEST FOURTH STREET CHESTER, PA 19013 21 5-494-7200

Computerized Computer Bookkeeping Will: • Reduce Bookkeeping Time Billing System • Give You Control Over System • Improve Cash Flow • Help Control Wat er Loss • Affordable • Fast • Provide Audit Trail • E a sy t o Operate • Reduce Errors • Save Auditing Time & Expense Designed by a Rural Water • Provide Monthly Reports • Save System Money Systems Comptroller • Prepare You For FUture

utility billing systems For Complete lnfonnation Call 1-800·227-9195 s o f t w a r ·e P.O. Box 6045 • Waco, Texas 76706

40 PENNSYLVANIA RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION 138 West Bishop St. • Bellefonte, PA 16823 Phone: 814-353-9302

GeoServices, Ltd. 1240 North Mountain Road • Harrisburg, PA 17112 (717) 541-0799

GeoServices, Ltd. is pleased to present this offer to the Pennsylvania Rural Water Association (PRWA} to provide detailed wellhead protection area delineations for PRWA members participating in the PRWA wellhead protection program at the rate of $850 per well. This proposal is based on FOR YOUR INFO . .. our conversations at the March 1994 meeting. GeoServices, Ltd. proposes to complete wellhead protection area delineations using a combination of EPA WHPA Code analyses; topographic map and aerial photograph evalua­ tion, and review of published and system specific information to be provided by the PRWA Ground Water Technician (including, information available from the water system and published geologic and hydrogeologic reports). GeoServices, Ltd. is making this offer specifically to systems that partici­ pate in the PRWA wellhead protection program. We support wellhead pro­ tection efforts in Pennsylvania and are particularly sensitive to the needs of small systems throughout the Commonwealth. If you have any questions or comments regarding this offer, please do not hesitate to contact us. GeoServices, Us. looks forward to working with PRWA on these projects. Very truly yours, GEOSERVICES, LTD. Tania H. Brice, P.G., Project Hydrogeologist Peter G. Robelen, P.G., President

Training And Technical Assistance Does your water/wastewater system need help? 1-800-653-PRWA

PENNSYLVANIA RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION 138 West Bishop St. • Bellefonte, PA 16823 Phone: 814-353-9302

Acer Engineers & Consultants, Inc. 270 Granite Run Drive • Lancaster, PA 17601 717-569-7021 • FAX 717-560·0577

Per our recent conversation concerning the above referenced subject mat­ ter, Acer Engineers & Consultants, Inc. (Acer) is pleased to offer assistance in delineating wellhead protection areas (WHPs) for PRWA members at a cost of $750 per WHPA. This assumes that PRWA staff will provide all nec­ essary pumping test data, aquifer parameters, and fracture trace information necessary to perform the delineation. Acer will utilize EPA's "Modular Semi­ Analytical Model for the Delineation of Wellhead Protection Areas" (WHPA Model) to perform the delineation. Acer will delineate three separate protec­ tion zones within each WHPA. Each zone is a basis for separate regulatory requirements with the most stringent contamination source controls required for Zone 1 areas and less stringent controls for Zone 2 and Zone 3 areas. PENNSYLVANIA Acer will utilize available hydrogeologic information provided by PRWA RURAL WATER staff to determine the aquifer parameters necessary to run the WHPA Model, verify time-of-travel, and verify the WHPA Model output for Zone 2. ASSOCIATION Zone 3 of the WHPA will be delineated based on the drainage basin which contributes overland flow to the Zone 2 area. Where fracture trace informa­ tion is provided by PRWA staff, Acer will use a vulnerability mapping proce­ dure to expand the Zone 3 area to include significant fracture traces. If you have any questions regarding this matter, please contact us. On behalf of Acer, we look forward to working with you and the PRWA member­ ship on wellhead protection projects. Very truly yours, R. Paul Evans, P.G., Senior Hydrogeologist Lawrence L. Lawyer, II, P.E., Senior Project Manager

Training And Technical Assistance Does your water/wastewater system need help? 41 &EPA National Primary Drinking Water Standards United States Office of Water EPA 810·F·94·001 Environmental ProtectiQn 4601 February 1994 Agency Washington DC 20460

1\Jcu; 1\ICL l'ott>ntial llcalth Effect'> fmm t ·1 mt;~millilllls SmuTc'> of Cont;uninant in Drinking \\'atcl' ( mg/L) (mg/L) lngc'>tion uf \\'atcr 0

Fluoride 4.0 4.0 Skeletal and dental fluorosis Natural deposits; fertilizer, aluminum indstrs.; H,O additive Volatile Organics Benzene zero 0.005 Cancer Some foods; gas, drugs, pesticide, paint, plastic industries Carbon Tetrachloride zero 0.005 Cancer Solvents and their degradation products p-Dicblorobenzene O.o75 O.o75 Cancer Room and water deodorants, and "mothballs" 1,2-Dicbloroethane zero 0.005 Cancer Leaded gas, fumigants, paints 1, 1-Dicbloroethylene 0.007 0.007 Cancer, liver and kidney effects Plastics, dyes, perfumes, paints Tricbloroetby lene zero 0.005 Cancer Textiles. adhesives and metal degreasers l,l,l·Trichloroethane 0.2 0.2 Liver, nervous system effects Adhesives, aerosols, textiles, paints. inks. metal degreasers Vinyl Chloride zero 0.002 Cancer May leach from PVC pipe; formed by solvent breakdown Coliform and Surface Water Treatment Giardia /ambia zero TT Gastroenteric disease Human and animal fecal waste Legionella zero TT Legionnaire's disease Natural waters; can grow in water beating systems Standard Plate Count N/A TT Indicates water quality. effectiveness of treatment Total Coliform* zero "<5%+ Indicates gastroenteric pathogens Huma.n and animal fecal waste Turbidity* N/A TT Interferes w/ disinfection/filtration Soil runoff Viruses zero TT Gastroenteric disease Human and animal fecal waste Phase II • lnorganics Asbestos (>lOum) 7MFL 7MFL Cancer Natural deposits; asbestos cement in water systems Barium* 2 2 Circulatory system effects Natural deposits; pigments, epoxy sealants, spent coal Cadmium* 0.005 0.005 Kidney effects Galvanized pipe corrosion; natural deposits; batteries, pain.ts Chromium* (total) 0.1 0.1 Liver, kidney, circulatory disorders Natural deposits; mining, electroplating, pigments Mercury* (inorganic) 0.002 0.002 Kidney, nervous system disorders Crop runoff; natural deposits; batteries. electrical switches Nitrate* 10 10 Methemoglobulinemia Animal waste, fertilizer, natural deposits, septic tanks. sewage Nitrite 1 1 Metbemoglobulinemia Same as nitrate; rapidly converted to nitrate Selenium* 0.05 0.05 Liver damage Natural deposits; mining, smelting, coaVoil combustion Phase II • Organics Acrylamide zero TT Cancer. nervous system effects Polymers used in sewage/wastewater treatment Alachlor zero 0.002 Cancer Runoff from herbicide on corn. soybeans. other crops Aldicarb* 0.001 0.003 Nervous system effects Insecticide on cotton, potatoes, others; widely restricted Aldicarb sulfone* 0.001 0.002 Nervous system effects Biodegradation of aldicarb Aldicarb sulfoxide* 0.001 0.004 Nervous system effects Biodegradation of aldicarb Atrazine 0.003 0.003 Mammary gland tumors Runoff from use as herbicide on com and non-cropland Carbofuran 0.04 0.04 Nervous, reproductive system Soil fumigant on corn and cotton; restricted in some areas Chlordane* zero 0.002 Cancer Leaching from soil treatment for termites Chlorobenzene 0.1 0.1 Nervous system and liver Waste solvent from metal degreasing proce'sses 2,4-D* 007 0.07 Liver and kidney damage·· Runoff from herbicide on wheat, corn. rangelands. lawns o-Dichlorobenzene 0.6 0.6 Liver, kidney, blood cell damage Paints. engine cleaning compounds. dyes. chemical wastes cis-1 ,2-Dichloroetbylene 0.07 O.o7 Liver, kidney, nervous. circulatory Waste industrial extraction solvents trans-1 ,2-Dicbloroethylene 0 .1 0.1 Liver, kidney. nervous, circulatory Waste industrial extraction solvents Dibromocbloropropane zero 0.0002 Cancer Soil fumigant on soybeans. cotton, pineapple, orchards I ,2-Dichloropropane zero 0.005 Liver, kidney effects; cancer Soil fumigant; waste industrial solvents Epicb lorohydrin zero TT Cancer Water treatment chemicals; waste epoxy resins, coatings Ethyl benzene 0.7 0.7 Liver, kidney, nervous system Gasoline; insecticides; chemical manufacturing wastes Ethylene dibromide zero 0.00005 Cancer Leaded gas additives; leaching of soil fumigant Heptachlor zero 0.0004 Cancer Leaching of insecticide for termites, very few crops. Heptachlor epoxide zero 0.0002 Cancer Biodegradation of heptachlor

NOTES: • lndleai~S original comaminanls wilb l01en;n standards whieh have been revise

Phase 0 -Organics (continued) Lindane 0.0002 0.0002 Liver, kidney. nerve, immune, circu . Insecticide on cattle, lumber, gardens; restricted 1983 Methoxychlor 0.04 0.04 Growtb, liver, kidney, nerve Insecticide for fruits, vegetables, alfalfa, livestock, pets Pentachlorophenol zero 0.001 Cancer; liver and kidney effects Wood preservatives, herbicide, cooling tower wastes PCBs zero 0.0005 Cancer Coolant oils from electrical transformers; plasticizers Styrene 0.1 O.l Liver, nervous system damage Plastics, rubber, resin, drug industries; leachate from city landfills Tetrachloroethylene zero 0 .005 Cancer Improper disposal of dry cleaning and other solvents Toluene l Liver, kidney, nervous, circulatory Gasoline additive; manufacturing and solvent operations Toxaphene zero 0.003 Cancer Insecticide on cattle, cotton, soybeans; cancelled 1982 2,4,5-1P 0.05 0.05 Liver and kidney damage Herbicide on crops, right-of-way, golf coW'ses; cancelled 198 Xylenes (total) 10 10 Liver, kidney; nervous system By-product of gasoline refining; paints. inks, detergents Lead and Copper Lead* zero Tit Kidney, nervous system damage Natural/industrial deposits: plumbing. solder. brass alloy faucets Copper 1.3 Tit Gastrointestinal irritation Natural/industrial deposits; wood preservatives, plumbing Phase V - lnorganics Antimony 0.006 0 .006 Cancer Fire retardants, ceramics, elecu-onics. fireworks, solder Beryllium 0.004 0.004 Bone, lung damage Electrical, aerospace, defense industries Cyanide 0.2 0.2 Thyroid, nervous system damage Electroplating. steel. plastics, mining, fertilizer Nickel 0 .1 0. 1 Heart, liver damage Metal alloys. electroplating, batteries. chemical production Thallium 0.0005 0.002 Kidney. liver. brain, intestinal Electronics. drugs. alloys. glass rgamcs Adipate, (di(2-ethylhexyl)) 0.4 0.4 O«.Teased t>ody weight: Synthetic rubber. food packaging. cosmetics liver and testes damage Dalapon 0.2 0.2 Liver. kidney Herbiddc on orchards. beans, coffee. lawns. road/railways Dichloromethane zero 0.005 Cancer Paint stripper. metal degreaser. propellant, extraction Dinoset> 0.007 0.007 11tyroid. rcprodu~live organ damage Runoff of hcrbit:idc from crop and non-crop applications Diquat 0.02 0.02 Liver. kidney, eye effects Runoff of herbicide on land & aquatic weeds Dioxin zero 0.00000003 Cancer C hemical production by-product: impW'ity in herbicides Endothall 0.1 0. 1 Liver. kidney. gastrointestinal llernicidc un crops. land/aquatic weeds; rapidly degraded Endrin 0.002 0.002 Liver. kidney, heart damage Pesticide on insects. rodents, birds: restricted since 1980 Glyphosate 0.7 0 .7 Liver. kidney damage Herbicide on grasses. weeds, brush Hexachlorot>enzene zero 0.001 Cancer Pesticide production waste by-product Hexachlorocyclopentadienc 0.05 0.05 Kidney. stomach damage Pesticide production intennooiato:: Oxamyl (Yydate) 0.2 0.2 Kidney damage Insecticide <)n apples, potatqcs. tomatoes PAHs (benzo(a)pyrene) zero 0.0002 Cancer Coal tar cnalings; hurning organic matter: vok~n<>es, fossil fud~ Phlllalate, (di(2-ethylhexyl)) zero 0.006 Cancer PVC and other plastics Piclorarn 0.5 0.5 Kidney, liver damage Herbicide on broad leaf and woody plants Simazine 0.004 0.004 Cancer Herbicide on grass sod, some cmps. aquatic algae I .2,4-Trichlorobenzene 0.07 0.07 Liver. kidney damage Herbicide production; dye carrier 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 0.003 0 .005 Kidney. liver, nervous system $ol\·ent in rublxr. olher organic products; chemical prOII waste Other Proposed (P) and Interim (I) Standards Beta/photon entiuers (l) and (P)zero 4 mrem/yr Cancer Decay uf radionuclides in natural and man-made deposits Alpha emitters (l) and (P) zero 15 pCiJL Cancer Decay of radionuclides in natW'al dcposits Combined Radium 2261228 (I) zero 5 Ci/L Bone cancer Natural de sits Radium 226*(P) zero 20 pCi/1. Bone cancer Natural deposits Radium 228*(P) zero 20 pCi/L Bone cancer Natural deposits Radon (P) zero 300 pCi/L Cancer Decay of ractionuclidt:s in natural dcposils Uranium (P) 7.ero 0.02 Cancer Natural deposits Sulfate (P) 4001500 400/500 Diarrhe:l Natural deposits Arsenic*(l) 0.05 0.05 Skin, nervous system toxicity Natural d..:posits: smdters. glass . .:k<·tmni<:s wa,rcs: on:hards Total Trihalomethanes (I) zero 0.10 Cancer Drinking water chlorination lly-prouucts

NOTES: • !ndicaleS original cootaminanls with inltrim standards whl\'h haYr btl"n rrvi$rd. TI=T r~auntn' Ttdmique rc~utrtmenl MH..:Mi lhon F1btr:' ~r 1.1h1 r t Acrion Lovtl =O.Ql~ mg/L l Acrioct Love!~ Umg/1. p('1 .: pil'OC'UfH~ .. lt lnt'OlSUI~o.' O( r:tc11Nh.U''1t )' llHVJn; millir ~o.'IU(" :l ln\'i\"IIL' of f3f11iill(lf1 -.b~C'I(!ki l t\\ l h,• Mtly 4 3 ~(~"i' S ~~~~j~:;'p ~ [",,_r___,,l:___ .·'! _ ··'!..·''l... ,· __ To'''Th;'':{ or System Automation ':.- • Over 15 years experience in software design. • The only ~oftware approved & sold ?Y SENSUSTM :1 :.:. • Over 1000 users in U.S., Hawaii, & Canada. for use With TouchRead meter readmg systems. ~~ -~~~~~~~--~·:,'_,;__ ,_ • Listed in A WWA. A guide for selecting • Dedicated support staff, with on-llne modem :i z computer systems for utilities. communication & technical support. ~ 'ill • On-site professional installation & training. c::::> Quality & Professionalism are PR.TORITY! c::::> ~ I MultiP/us Utility Billing Features: TAABS Software Products: ~ ~: • Maintains unlimited billing history! • TAABS-II, TAABS-/II • MultiP/us ~ !iii[ • In-depth Financial Rate Analysis built in! • Work Order/Inventory ,..• _M_a.:..:pp'-in~g;.;./_G_,Is:--...----. l ·~' ~ ~-::: • Popup windows for custom inf.o, SS#, phone#, • Hand Held Readers 12 ''~' lot & block and notes on accounts. • General Ledger FM ~ 1 o :.': I 70 Allows customer lookup on any field. • Acc?unts Payable ,_ . ~ ~ . !I • 1 • Developed specifically for utilities and rural • Active Payroll ~;:;:;;:;:::::;::;;~;;;~ ~ water companies. • Integrated Cash Drawer IIII IIIIII IIIIIIIIIJ lli • Designed for Single and Multi-users. • Preventative Maintenance • Bar Code Payment Reader ~ ~~~;;_:z~ j ~· ~

INSTRUMENT SERVI CE Installation • Repair • Calibration

Flowmeters Telemetry Level Control Chlorinators Turbidity Residual DCS Systems DO, PH, etc. Samplers Pump Control Flow Certifications Balances

All Manufacturers' Types Serviced

MOYER INSTRUMENTS , Inc. csince 1981) 421 East Elm Street Tamaqua, PA 18252 (717) 668-2607 FAX: (717) 668-4720 Dist: Hach Instruments Modern Process Chlorinators

44 GNI-TEC CONSULTING ENGINEERS, INC.

WE UNDERSTAND SMALL SYSTEM NEEDS Engineering and Management Support for Planning, Financing, Design, Construction, Operation

o Water o Wastewater Feasibility Studies Act 537 Plans Source Development Inflow/ I nf.tltration Studies Treatment Collection Pumping Pumping Storage Treatment Distribution Sludge Management

2JJ07 Cato Avenue, State College, PA 16801 Telephone: (814) 238-8223 FAX (814) 238-7808

THE BENEFITS ARE CLEAR

-Increase water throughout by extending filter runs and PERFORMANCE reducing backwash requirements. SERVICE &V ALUE -Effective over wide pH range reducing the consumption. Sternson Technical Services are unique in the Industry. Water handling and cost ot alkali aids and nocculant aids. plant managers, operators and consulting engineers can oonefit SternPAC provides value and performance that has ooen - Consistent performance over wide temperature range from the comprehensive field, laboratory and support services proven In water treatment plants around the world. inctudlng low temperature effectiveness. available. From inlllal lnvestigallon through start up to ongoing operations and aptimlzatlon, the Sternson team is dedicated to - Strong Instantaneous coagulating ability pcovides for rapid, -Effective over a wide range of raw waterllurbidity (eg. 0.5to supportmg you to produce the highest quality drinking water. effective treatment. 3,000 + NTU) enabling treatment of a complete variety of water -Dilution is not required before use resulting in simplicity of sources and changing conditions. use and ease ol handling, storage and feed. -Stable chemistry provides consistent performance and long -Creates dense, compact sludge, reducing sludge volumes storage life. and disposal costs by as much as 75%. For further Information, contact our authorized distributors: ~ -., · - -. --,~, ·: · ··.'·...... ~ : , ...... -,c.. · · ,·-~·~ .., .. ] Chemply Mid-State Chemicals , . ... l. ) \ ·1 ' ·-- "J . • _I <...< • /"- . -~.JL.l' . • ' ~1...-:: ·-~/::1• 412-384-5353 814-944-2006 ...DJ .SJ .. .1 Or, call Sternson direct: 1·800·265·0712 WAfER inf.l\ I MEN T CHE~J1 1CALS

45 CAN YouR WATER SvsTEM MEET '95 EPA REQUIREMENTS? KIMBALL CAN: • Design I engineer your new EPA-approved plant • Help you obtain Penn Vest I Farmers Home Administration funding • Prepare permit applications • Supervise construction • Complete certification I inspection • Produce operator I maintenance manuals • Conduct operator training • Assure smooth start-up operations Call KIMBALL tor small water system engineering and design capabilities. L. ROBERT KIMBALL & ASSOCIATES 615 West Highland Avenue P.O. Box 1000 415 Moon Clinton Road 460 Caradean Drive Ebensburg, PA 15931 Coraopolis, PA 15108 Horsham, PA 19044 814 • 472-7700 412 • 331-6868 215. 674-0545

PARKER BROTHERS WELL DRILLING, INC. " If you can pour it­ we can pump it!"

Rotary Well Drilling • Cable Tool Well Drilling Monitoring and Test Holes • Pump Repair and Sales Storage Tanks • Treatment Systems

Let one reliable firm drill your well, install your pump, tank and treatment systems!

6075 E. STATE STREET PHONE (412) 346-4141 HERMITAGE, PA 16148 ERNIE SMITH, PRESIDENT

46 WHEN THE WELL GOES DRY by Jearl Ramsey, Field Representative, PRWA The old saying that water is not missed until the well ground a little. I thought, water at last, but the wise doc­ goes dry could be said another way more in tune to the tor informed me that this was just a weak vein, and we modern version of water shortages. Water is not appre­ had to continue searching. Although I was expecting the ciated today until the faucet goes dry. We as consumers strong pull of the limb, I was as excited as a new father of public water have a tendency not to appreciate the when I saw the doctor struggle to keep the forked limb availability of water until the kitchen faucet no longer from pulling to the ground. At last he said we had found provides the wet liquid needed for our daily survival. water enough to support the needs of the family. As a person who lives in a rural area without a public After numerous hours and worry and frequent trips to water system I can relate to not having water on my pocketbook, we drilled the well and eventually got demand at the kitchen sink. Over the past eighteen the gusher located by the witch doctor. He was correct in years I have drilled four water wells with limited success. his statement that his well would produce enough water I have built a cistern to catch rain water to supplement to meet my family's needs. When the driller stopped my wells. drilling I could put my ear to the top of the well and hear In the search for water I have contacted the state geo­ the water gushing. logical people for assistance. This also produced very lit­ What a great feeling! No more trips to the laundromat, tle success. My profession as a water plant operator no more hauling water to fill the cistern, I might just be gave me more knowledge than most people seeking a naughty and let the water run while I brush my teeth. solution to water shortages. Finally when all else failed. I Another old saying comes to mind at this point, if . resorted to seeking help from, of all things, a local water something seems too good to be true, it probably is. witch doctor with his trusty forked peach limb. This was Well, it was too good to be true. The well produced plen­ obviously against all my training as a water professional. ty of beautiful wet, clear, clean, salty, salty, salty, salty Desperate situations call for desperate actions, and water. It was so salty it would float an egg. being without water is definitely a desperate situation. The county that I live in is now in the process of getting The search for water, to drill well #3, was quite an a public water district to service my area. Thanks to ordeal. The witch doctor moved continually about the Farmer's Home Administration and a lot of dedicated property with his forked limb aimed straight in front of his people throughout the country, rural America will no body. Around the house he went widening the distance longer have to depend on chance to meet one of the with each trip he made. The limb stayed paralled with most basic needs of man, clean, safe drinking water for the ground. Several times he moved to the right and all our needs. then to the left until the limb began to bend toward the

47 LEAD and COPPER PROTECTION

Serving large and small systems nationwide ·· CORROSION CONTROL PRODUCTS FOR MUNICIPAL WATER SYSTEMS

• ORTHOPHOSPHATES • SILICATES • POLYPHOSPHATES • BLEN DED PHOSPHATES All systems were not created equal Let us help you select the best technology to control corrosion, colored water, iron, manganese, lead, copper and scale in your system...... and ask about RED-B-GONE3 RUST & IRON STAIN REMOVER for your customers distributed bv TECHNICAL PRODUCTS CoRPORATION GUARDIAN RURAL WATER SERVICES DIVISION Specialties Chemical Corp. 1-717-848-2540 1520 High Street · Portsmouth, Virginia 23704 Phone: 804-399·5009 FAX: 804·397-0914 : STEENSON & ASSOCIATES, INC. 1-412-346-0397

Hold it! Things are looking up in rural water storage. Rural water districts and municipalities depend on bolted tanks from Peabody TecTank. Our water/wastewater storage tanks and standpipes are custom designed and engineered for their individual applications. TecTank's certified. baked-on coatings and edge protection produce the lowest maintenance bolted steel tanks available. They do not leak, have no coating cracks and will not need constant repainting. Our sales professionals provide complete tech­ nical and budget assistance, with the best service in the industry. For wastewater treatment and ' potable water, TecTank holds the answers to your storage needs.

TecTank P.O. Box 996, Parsons, Kansas 67357 USA Phone 316-421-()200, FAX 316-421-9122 48 HERBERT, ROWLAND & GRUBIC, INC. HRG Engineering & Related Services

CONTINUING IN OUR COMMITMENT TO PROVIDE QUALITY SERVICES TO RURAL COMMUNITIES SINCE 1962

Water Supply Planning Act 537 Sewage Facilities Planning Water Source Development Wastewater Treatment Plants Water Filtration Plants Pumping Stations Reservoirs and Standpipes Sewers and Force Mains Water Distribution Systems lnftltration/Inflow Studies Emergency Response Plans Sludge Management Drought Contingency Plans Operations Consultation Annual Water Supply Reports Regulatory Agency Assistance Computerized Distribution System Analysis Rate Studies Construction Administration Budgets

369 East Park Drive • Harrisburg, PA 17111 • (717)564-1121 1846 Charter Lane • Lancaster, PA 17601 • (717)291-1783 366 Walker Drive • State College, PA 16801 • (814)238-7117 32 West Midtlle Street • Gettysburg, PA 17325 • (717)337-9684

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM MANAGERS-Are you getting rust & iron stain complaints?

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RED-8-GONE removes rust and iron stains from: • Fabrics • Bathroom fixtures ·Dishes and glassware · Concrete, porcelain • Appliances and other surfaces RED-8-GONE is now available in a new six ounce container, completely labeled for home laundry use. Your customers will appreciate the child proof cap, and you'll appreciate the convenience and economy. RED-8-GONE is also supplied in 16 ounce bottles, 50 pound pails and 250 pound drums. for more information, call or write Ask about TPC®and TEcHNICAL PRoDvcrs CoRPORATION VIRCHEM®phosphates RURAL WATER SERVICES DIVISION , for lead and 1520 High Street • Portsmouth, Virginia 23704 copper control Phone: 804·399·5009 FAX: 804·397·0914 DROPS

Vol. No.5 June 1994 NRWA Survey of Phase II and Phase V Impacts on Rural and Small Water Systems

This is Part One of a three-part series on the results of the recently conducted survey of rural and small systems. The funding for this project came from the Rural Water Research Fund. Rural and small systems that are members of the NRWA State Affiliates contribute money to the fund for the purpose of Part one in a series of conducting research, surveys and studies to meet NRWA leg­ three islative and regulatory objectives. Background The cost for monitoring all of Phase II and Phase V chemi­ cals for rural and small drinking water systems was not known. Estimates were made for all water systems but not for those that serve a population of 10,000 or fewer.

Methodology Data were gathered from regional and state laboratories on the cost for analyzing all Phase II and V chemicals and from USEPA on the average number of services by system size category, the number of systems in each state serving 10,000 population or fewer, and the status of state waiver programs. Finally, it was assumed that no waivers would be granted so that a total cost could be calculated.

Results The following table shows the results including a summary of the status of waiver programs.

50 NRWA Phase liN Implementation Survey

1 2 3 4 5 Monitoring Costs No Waiver Program Status Waivers

No.CWS EPA Under No. Serving Systems State Approved Development CWS < 10,000 <10,000

607 530 }t,805,QOP 713 708 13,QQ.~ . ooo 721 687 12,709,500 851 815 15,077j00 3862 3457 63,954,S.QO 810 467 14,189,500 607 572 l0,58~.QQQ 24 ~ 238 4,403,QOO 2201 . 1.990 36.1315.• 000 1653 1575 29.!_37 ~.~QQ 4.0J:~.OQO 127 .. ' ... 112 750 7-39 13 •.6 7l,?,QQ. 940 88~. ... -· . 16,354,000 1869 1684 3 I,.J54,Q.OV 1170 1141 ... _2_1,108,5.0.0 922 892 16,5.02..000 537 412 .8,732,000 1381 1324 24,49.4,009 4 J8. 404 7A74,000 509 480 8,880,000 "5T6 . 362 6,697,000 1519 1394' 25,7s~r;ooo- 963 896 16,576,000 1287 1250 23,125,000 1}()5 1 ~ 1 4 24,309,000 6Q.2 684 12,654,000 631 619 11,451,500 300 290 5,365,000 753' 73Q .. .. 1 ? t

56144 $977,096,000 Column Notes: 2- From EPA OGW&DW Status Report- Feb. 1994. Two states formally approved; 19 informally approved. 3&4- From 1993 EPA Inventory 5- Total cost for 1993 - 1995 compliance period with no waivers. Cost based on average nationwide laboratory cost of $10,000 per entry point for all Phase Il/V contaminants and EPA FRDS database on number of sources. 51 Storage Systems, Inc.

QUALITY ERECTORS OF ~mith AOURi:aSTORI ®T ANK SYSTEMS Glass-Fused-To-Steel coating eliminates the need for repainting. The factory applied, inert silica glass-fused-to-steel coating process provides long-life internal and external corrosion protection. The glass coating is fired onto the steel sheets at over 1500 deg. F. resulting in a coating that remains bright, glossy and color true regardless of weather and sunlight exposure. Six colors to choose from. Aquastore tanks are NSF certified and meet AWWA 0103-87 for potable water storage; Factory Mutual standards for fire suppression water storage; as well as wastewater treatment and storage applications. Capacities from 10,000 to 3,000,000 gallons. Ask us about Leasing! <@> APPROVED Represented by 1551 Robinson Road Kappe Associates Washington Court House•, Ohio 43160 Pittsburgh, PA Phone 614-335-2019 FAX 614-335-0584 Phone 412-824-0815 FAX 412-824-7397

~~~~IOf~~~~~~ SUPPLY, Inc. STOCKING DISTRIBUTOR OF WATER WORKS PRODUCTS • PIPE & FITTINGS . • SERVICE FITTINGS • HYDRANTS • WATER METERS • VALVES • REPAIR CLAMPS • CURB BOXES • COUPLINGS • VALVE BOXES • SERVICE SADDLES

WEST NEWTON RD. GREENSBURG, PA 15601 • (412) 836-5700

52 UTILITY SERVICES A SSOCIATES WATER SYSTEMS SERVICES R. 451 MARY ST. R..S SCRANTON, PA 18508 (717) 969-9500 AUS Consultants WATER SYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS Utility Services ~roup SERVICES INDUSTRIAL & UTILITY Rate Applications & Accounting LEAK DETECTION & PIPELINE SERVICE Cost of Service Studies CERTIFIED WATER OPERATIONS- PART TIME & BACK UP Depreciation & Valuation Studies MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS CONSULTATION Analysis of Customer Billings FINANCIAL PROCUREMENT CONSULATION & WATER SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS • METER TESTING Rate Tar1U Design PRE-ENGINEERING STUDIES Contact: WATER LOSS STUDIES CORROSION CONTROL Gary D. Shambaugh FLUID LEAK DETECTION TRACER GAS STUDIES Executive Vice President GAS LEAK DETECTION MAPPING SERVICES 1000 N. Front St., Suite 200 UNDERGROUND LINE LOCATION Wormleysburg, PA 17043 CERTIFIED SEWERAGE PLANT OPERATORS, ·Phone (717) 763-9890 ENGINEERING STUDIES, CERTIFIED WATER OPERATOR FAX (717) 763-9931 " Certifited Backflow Prevention Device Tester" " TECHNOLOGY IN BALANCE WITH EXPERIENCE AND COMMON SENSE" URFilCE TECH N OL O GI ES c 0. LOCATING •TESTING PINPOINTING

LEAK DETECTION SPECIALISTS COMPLETE UTILITY AND PIPELINE SERVICES

24 Hours A Day 165 Stewart Avenue CALL: ( 412) 728-0460 East Rochester, PA 15074 Mike Carver, Consultant

53 FLUSHING HYDRANT/BLOW OFF ROLL SEAL GIL INDUSTRIES AUTOMATIC CONTROL VALVES

Only Two Parts Vinually Infinite Rangeabilily High Flow Capacily High Cavitation Resistance 720 psi Worl

Name ------Title ______Address Facility City ------State __ Zip ______Phone ( ) We n eed this to serve you better. 0 Engineer 0 Operator 0 Reseller 0 Industrial

Mai.l to: USA BlueBook P.O. Box 1186, Northbrook,IL 60065 L------·---X -~------1 54 PRWA DISTRICT PLAN FOR THE COUNTIES OF PENNSYLVANIA

Focus Group Leaders, Staff and Board Members

District 1 Group Leader: George Evanko, Castle Rock District 4 Group Leader: Martin Beck, Wellsboro 215-353-5987 717-724-4604 Staff: Judy Muehl Staff: Judy Muehl, Barb Judeich Board: Teresa Rissmiller Board: Guy Shaffer, Pat Regan Dave Quinn District 5 Group Leader: Bob Wargo, District 2 Group Leader: Frank Sargent, Waymart Kittanning-Suburban 717-488-5222 412-545-6395 Staff: Judy Muehl Staff: Steve Krchnavy Board: Dave Quinn Board: Bob Blough

District 3 Group Leader: John McCready, Williamstown District 6 Group Leader: Kim Benjamin, Bradford 717-647-44€>6 814-362-3004 Staff: Chris Shutt Staff: Bill Keller Board: Teresa Rissmiller Board: Jan Gallo

PROPOSED PRWA DISTRICT PLAN FOR THE COUNTIES OF PENNSYLVANIA --

-

Pennsylvania Rural Water Association Board District Plan and Focus Groups

On January 22, 1994, the Pennsylvania Rural Water Association Board of Directors unveiled a plan for dividing the state of Pennsylvania into districts in hopes of better serving the membership. The provisions for this plan, which takes effect in 1994, will have the state divided in six districts, with two areas in each district, totaling twelve art?as in all across the state. Under this plan, at least one PRWA training session will occur in each area per year, and in addition, both the water and wastewater circuit riders will be assigned to visit each of the twelve areas at least once a year. Another provision of the plan calls for the development of Focus Groups from each district, comprised of volunteers from system members within that district, who will represent the interests of the members of that dis­ trict and refer them to the PRWA Board of Directors. A final provision of the plan calls for the election of the PRWA Board of Directors by district, with a member to be selected by each of the six districts, and one At Large member selected by the entire membership, who will also serve as the state association's representative to the National Rural Water Association Board of Directors. This section of the plan has been targeted for institution by 1997. For further information, please call the PRWA office at 814-353-9302, or if you would like to be part of the focus group in your area, you can contact one of the Focus Group leaders listed on this page. 5 5 PENNSYLVANIA RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION UPCOMING TRAININGS FOR 1994 JULY: 20th CROSS CONNECTION CONTROL Co-sponsored by ABPA White Haven, White Haven Community Center 27th WATER AUDITS, LINE LOCATION/LEAK DETECTION UB Water Selingsgrove

AUGUST: 17th CROSS CONNECTION CONTROL Dover, Dover Township Building 24th CONTROL VALUES Cranberry, Cranberry Township Building 30th FIRE HYDRANT FLOW Fire Hydrant Flow Testing, Pine Grove Township

SEPTEMBER: 14th METER/SENSUS TOUR Uniontown, Holiday Inn 28th FIRE HYDRANT FLOW TESTING Williamstown

OCTOBER: 5th CONTROL VALUES Wellsboro·, Wellsboro Borough Office 12th ANNUAL ASSOCIATE LUNCHEON "Associate Members Only" Nittany Lion Inn, State College, PA 19th GROUNDWATER WORKSHOP Meadville, Days Inn 26th JAR TESTING Brackenridge, Brackenridge Borough Building 27th JAR TESTING Brackenridge, Brackenridge Borough Building

NOVEMBER: 2nd WORKSHOP TBA* 9th CROSS CONNECTION CONTROL Brookville, Brookville Days Inn 16th . ADMINISTRATIVE WORKSHOP Coraopolis

JANUARY 1995: 18th GROUNDWATER WORKSHOP Allentown, Days Inn 25th WORKSHOP TBA*

FEBRUARY 1995: 7th GAS CHLORINATORS Reading, Days Inn 9th GAS CHLORINATORS Butler, Days Inn

MARCH 1995: 26th, 27th & 28th 7th ANNUAL PRWA STATE CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION Nittany Lion Inn, State College, PA

*TBA Workshop To Be Announced at a later date.

•• All trainings are subject to change. Additional trainings are periodically added. To register for any training or for more information on these trainings or others, please call our office at 814-353-9302. ·

•• • All cancellations must be received fifteen days prior to training date for refund.

56 WATER AND SEWER PIPELINE SERVICES

• WATER LINE LEAK LOCATION • INFILTRATION I INFLOW ANALYSIS AND SURVEYS • INTERNAL PIPELINE GROUTING • INTERNAL PIPELINE TELEVISION INSPECTION • PIPELINE TRACING AND MAPPING • HYDRAULIC AND MECHANICAL PIPELINE CLEANING • HYDROSTATIC AND AIR TESTING EQUIPMENT • MANHOLE AND WETWELL REHABILITATION ·FLOW METERING AND SAMPLING EQUIPMENT • WET OR DRY MATERIAL VACUUM SERVICES • TANK CLEANING AND TESTING SERVICES • DECONTAMINATION AND CLOSURE PLANS

P.O. BOX 67100 HARRISBURG, PA 17106-7100 800-233-1 055

(3) Locations To Serve You CONNEAUT LAKE, PA Phone (814) 382-8196 NEW DERRY, PA Phone (412) 694-2900 ORMSBY, PA Phone (814) 465-3520 PENNSYLVANIA RURAL WATER "What's in it for me?" ASSOCIATION

System Member Associate Member • Free Access to Pennsylvania Rural Water Association's Technical • The chance to offer Pennsylvania Rural Water Association's Assistance Library, slide presentations and videos members a special discount to promote your product • Periodical discounts given to members only - offered through our " Free yearly subscription to our magazine "The Keystone Tap" Associate Members and discounted advertising • Free access to technical equipment • Free advertising in Pennsylvania Rural Water Association's • Free yearly subscription to our magazine "The Keystone Tap" " Industry Contact Book" • Free copy of Pennsylvania Rural Water Association "Industry Contact • Information sent directly to you on all Pennsylvania Rural Water Book" or supplier information offered Association's Training Sessions • Information sent directly to you on all Pennsylvania Rural Water • Discount for members only given on Pennsylvania Rural Water Association's Training Sessions Associations' Annual Technical Conference registration and " Discount for members only given on Pennsylvania Rural Water exhibiting Associations' Annual Technical Conference • Periodic mailings of all legislative updates pertaining to • Technical assistance provided by registered circuit riders at no water/wastewater systems charge to you • A quarterly "Members Only" Newsletter • Periodic mailings of all legislative updates pertaining to • Annual Associate Members Luncheon water/wastewater systems • A quarterly "Members Only" Newsletter PRWA- "ENRICHING LIFE IN PENNSYLVANIA"

YES, (I) (WE) ~ant to support PRWA: Please print or type Water System Membership ______SYSTEM/COMPANY NAME------($175.00 per year) ADDRESS ______Waste Water System Membership ______CITY ------STATE ___ ZIP _____ ($175.00 per year) CONTACTPERSON ______Joint Water/Waste Water System Membership ____ PHONE NUMBER ______COUNTY ------($225.00 per year) Individual Membership ___ NUMBER OF METERS IN SERVICE ___ _ DATE ---- ($50.00 per year) Mail To: Pennsylvania Rural Water Association Associate Membership ___ 138 West Bishop Street, Bellefonte. PA 16823 (814) 353-9302 ($200.00 per year) Pennsylvania Rural Water Association Bulk Rate 138 West Bishop Street U.S. P<1stage Bellefonte, PA 16823 PAID I Permit N<1. 12 Indiana, PA 15701 I Address Correction Requested THIRD CLASS

ATTENTION: WATER/W.W. DEPT. When finished reading, please route to: 0 Operators/Managers 0 Clerk/Treasurer 0 Board