Vs. Water-Escape Mechanisms of Soft-Sediment Deformation
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Constraints on the Timescale of Animal Evolutionary History
Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history Michael J. Benton, Philip C.J. Donoghue, Robert J. Asher, Matt Friedman, Thomas J. Near, and Jakob Vinther ABSTRACT Dating the tree of life is a core endeavor in evolutionary biology. Rates of evolution are fundamental to nearly every evolutionary model and process. Rates need dates. There is much debate on the most appropriate and reasonable ways in which to date the tree of life, and recent work has highlighted some confusions and complexities that can be avoided. Whether phylogenetic trees are dated after they have been estab- lished, or as part of the process of tree finding, practitioners need to know which cali- brations to use. We emphasize the importance of identifying crown (not stem) fossils, levels of confidence in their attribution to the crown, current chronostratigraphic preci- sion, the primacy of the host geological formation and asymmetric confidence intervals. Here we present calibrations for 88 key nodes across the phylogeny of animals, rang- ing from the root of Metazoa to the last common ancestor of Homo sapiens. Close attention to detail is constantly required: for example, the classic bird-mammal date (base of crown Amniota) has often been given as 310-315 Ma; the 2014 international time scale indicates a minimum age of 318 Ma. Michael J. Benton. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K. [email protected] Philip C.J. Donoghue. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K. [email protected] Robert J. -
Alycia L. Stigall Professor
Alycia L. Stigall Professor Department of Geological Sciences [email protected] Ohio University (740) 593-0393 – office Athens, OH, 45701 (740) 593-1101 – main office http://www.ohio.edu/people/stigall (740) 593-0486 – fax Education 2001-2004 Ph.D. Geology, The University of Kansas, with honors, May 2004, thesis advisor Bruce S. Lieberman. Thesis title: “Invasive species and biodiversity decline: Investigating the connection between biogeographic and evolutionary patterns during the Late Devonian biodiversity crisis” 1999-2001 M.S. Geology, The University of Kansas, with honors, May 2001, thesis advisor Bruce S. Lieberman. Thesis title: “Invasive species and mass extinction: A phylogenetic and biogeographic study of the subclass Phyllocarida (Class Crustacea) during the Late Devonian biodiversity crisis” 1995-1999 B.S. Geological Sciences, The Ohio State University, summa cum laude, with distinction in geological sciences, with honors in the liberal arts, June 1999, thesis advisor Loren E. Babcock. Thesis title: “Phylogeny of Freshwater Crayfish” 1995-1999 B.S. Biology, The Ohio State University, summa cum laude Professional Experience 2015-present Professor, Ohio University, Department of Geological Sciences 2009-present Curator of the Ohio University Invertebrate Paleontology Collections 2009-2015 Associate Professor, Ohio University, Department of Geological Sciences 2004-2009 Assistant Professor, Ohio University, Department of Geological Sciences 2014-present Affiliate faculty member, Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Program -
(Dinosauria: Sauropoda) Specimens from the Upper Cretaceous Daijiaping Formation of Southern China
New titanosauriform (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) specimens from the Upper Cretaceous Daijiaping Formation of southern China Fenglu Han1, Xing Xu2,3, Corwin Sullivan4,5, Leqing Huang6, Yu Guo7 and Rui Wu1 1 School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China 2 Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 3 CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, China 4 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada 5 Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum, Wembley, Canada 6 Hunan Institute of Geological Survey, Changsha, China 7 The Geological Museum of China, Beijing, China ABSTRACT Titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs were once considered rare in the Upper Creta- ceous of Asia, but a number of titanosauriforms from this stratigraphic interval have been discovered in China in recent years. In fact, all adequately known Cretaceous Asian sauropods are titanosauriforms, but only a few have been well studied, lending significance to any new anatomical information that can be extracted from Asia's Cretaceous sauropod record. Here we give a detailed description of some titanosauri- form bones recovered recently from the Upper Cretaceous Daijiaping Formation of Tianyuan County, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province, southern China. The occurrence of this material in Hunan increases the known geographic range of titanosauriforms in eastern Asia. Although all of the specimens discussed in this paper can be assigned to Titanosauriformes at least tentatively, some bones display a limited number of features Submitted 20 August 2019 that are more typical of basal sauropods and/or derived diplodocoids, suggesting Accepted 19 November 2019 Published 20 December 2019 complex patterns of character evolution within Neosauropoda. -
[PDF] Sedimentology and Depositional Environments of the Red
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Journal of African Earth Sciences 57 (2010) 179–212 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of African Earth Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jafrearsci Geological Society of Africa Presidential Review No. 15 Sedimentology and depositional environments of the Red Sandstone Group, Rukwa Rift Basin, southwestern Tanzania: New insight into Cretaceous and Paleogene terrestrial ecosystems and tectonics in sub-equatorial Africa Eric M. Roberts a,*, Patrick M. O’Connor b, Nancy J. Stevens b, Michael D. Gottfried c, Zubair A. Jinnah d, Sifael Ngasala c, Adeline M. Choh d, Richard A. Armstrong e a Department of Physical Sciences, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT 84720, USA b Department of Biomedical Sciences, 228 Irvine Hall, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, -
A New Peirosaurid (Crocodyliformes, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina
ARTICLES AMEGHINIANA - 2016 - Volume 53 (1): 14 – 25 ISSN 0002-7014 A NEW PEIROSAURID (CROCODYLIFORMES, MESOEUCROCODYLIA) FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS OF PATAGONIA, ARGENTINA FRANCISCO BARRIOS 1, ARIANA PAULINA-CARABAJAL 1,2 AND PAULA BONA 2,3 1Museo Municipal Carmen Funes, Av. Córdoba 55, Q8318EBA Plaza Huincul, Neuquén, Argentina. [email protected] ; [email protected] 2CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. 3División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Paseo del Bosque s/n, B1900FWA La Plata, Argentina. [email protected] Abstract . Peirosaurids are a group of Cretaceous continental crocodyliforms from Gondwana. Two species are known from the Neuquén Group in Argentina: Lomasuchus palpebrosus (Portezuelo Formation, late Turonian–early Coniacian) and Gasparinisuchus peirosauroides (Bajo de la Carpa and Anacleto formations, Santonian and early Campanian, respectively). Here, we describe the first peirosaurid from the Cerro Lisandro Formation, Bayomesasuchus hernandezi gen. et sp. nov. The material corresponds to a fragmentary skull and mandible. Although frag - mentary, this is the most complete crocodyliform specimen recorded for the Cerro Lisandro Formation. In a phylogenetic analysis Bayome - sasuchus is depicted in a polytomy together with South American peirosaurids and the African form Hamadasuchus rebouli . Key words. Bayomesasuchus . Peirosauridae. Cerro Lisandro Formation. Cretaceous . Resumen. UN NUEVO PEIROSÁURIDO (CROCODYLIFORMES, MESOEUCROCODYLIA) DEL CRETÁCICO SUPERIOR DE PATAGONIA, ARGEN - TINA. Los peirosáuridos constituyen un grupo de crocodiliformes continentales del Cretácico de Gondwana. Para el Grupo Neuquén, Argentina, se conocen dos especies: Lomasuchus palpebrosus (Formación Portezuelo, Turoniano tardío–Coniaciano temprano) y Gasparinisuchus peiro - sau roides (Formaciones Bajo de la Carpa y Anacleto, Santoniano y Campaniano temprano, respectivamente). -
A New African Titanosaurian Sauropod Dinosaur from the Middle Cretaceous Galula Formation (Mtuka Member), Rukwa Rift Basin, Southwestern Tanzania
RESEARCH ARTICLE A new African Titanosaurian Sauropod Dinosaur from the middle Cretaceous Galula Formation (Mtuka Member), Rukwa Rift Basin, Southwestern Tanzania 1,2,3,4,5 4,5 Eric GorscakID *, Patrick M. O’Connor 1 Department of Anatomy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois, United States of America, Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, a1111111111 2 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America, 4 Department a1111111111 of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio, United a1111111111 States of America, 5 Ohio Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Studies, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, a1111111111 United States of America a1111111111 * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Citation: Gorscak E, O'Connor PM (2019) A new The African terrestrial fossil record has been limited in its contribution to our understanding of African Titanosaurian Sauropod Dinosaur from the both regional and global Cretaceous paleobiogeography, an interval of significant geologic and middle Cretaceous Galula Formation (Mtuka macroevolutionary change. A common component in Cretaceous African faunas, titanosaurian Member), Rukwa Rift Basin, Southwestern Tanzania. PLoS ONE 14(2): e0211412. https://doi. sauropods diversified into one of the most specious groups of dinosaurs worldwide. Here we org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211412 describe the new titanosaurian Mnyamawamtuka moyowamkia gen. et sp. nov. from the Editor: Ulrich Joger, State Museum of Natural Mtuka Member of the Galula Formation in southwest Tanzania. The new specimen preserves History, GERMANY teeth, elements from all regions of the postcranial axial skeleton, parts of both appendicular gir- Received: July 10, 2018 dles, and portions of both limbs including a complete metatarsus. -
Un Excepcional Titanosaurio Hallado En Tanzania
TIERRA La ‘bestia de Mtuka’, un excepcional titanosaurio hallado en Tanzania El hallazgo de un nuevo dinosaurio en el suroeste de África, denominado Mnyamawamtuka moyowamkia, aumenta el conocimiento sobre la evolución y la distribución de los titanosaurios durante el Cretácico Medio. SINC 13/2/2019 20:00 CEST Ilustración que muestra a Mnyamawamtuka en su entorno / Mark Witton (2018) Un equipo de científicos ha descubierto un ejemplar excepcional de titanosaurio en Tanzania. Este dinosaurio saurópodo, que se describe en la revista PLOS ONE, representa una especie única y proporciona nuevos conocimientos sobre la evolución de estos vertebrados. Los titanosaurios fueron el grupo más extenso de dinosaurios, los animales terrestres más grandes que han pisado la Tierra. Alcanzaron su máxima diversidad en el Cretácico tardío después de que todos los demás grupos de saurópodos desaparecieran. Sin embargo, su evolución temprana es poco conocida debido a la escasez de fósiles bien conservados, especialmente fuera de América del Sur. De ahí la importancia de este nuevo ejemplar. TIERRA Es una especie única y proporciona nuevos conocimientos sobre la evolución de estos vertebrados "Aunque los titanosaurios se convirtieron en uno de los grupos de dinosaurios más exitosos antes de la extinción masiva, su historia evolutiva primitiva sigue siendo oscura. Mnyamawamtuka ayuda a detallar esos comienzos, especialmente por la parte africana de la historia", enfatiza Eric Gorscak, investigador de la Universidad de Midwestern en Illinois (EE UU), que junto con Patrick O'Connor de la Universidad de Ohio (EE UU) lidera el trabajo. Los investigadores llamaron al nuevo dinosaurio Mnyamawamtuka moyowamkia. Su descripción se ha hecho solo a partir de un espécimen excavado en una cantera a lo largo del río Mtuka, en el suroeste de Tanzania. -
(Crocodyliformes, 1 Mesoeucrocodylia) During
1 DIVERSITY PATTERNS OF NOTOSUCHIA (CROCODYLIFORMES, 2 MESOEUCROCODYLIA) DURING THE CRETACEOUS OF GONDWANA 3 4 5 DIEGO POL1 and JUAN MARTIN LEARDI2 6 7 1CONICET. Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio, Av. Fontana 140, U9100GYO 8 Trelew, Chubut, Argentina. [email protected] 9 2IDEAN, Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad 10 Universitaria Pab. II, C1428EHA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. 11 [email protected] 12 13 38pp. (text+references); 5 figs. 14 15 RH: POL AND LEARDI: NOTOSUCHIAN DIVERSITY PATTERNS 16 1 17 Abstract. Notosuchia is a diverse clade of Crocodyliformes that achieved a remarkable 18 diversity during the Cretaceous. This group is particularly abundant in continental 19 deposits of Gondwana throughout the Cretaceous, especially in South America. 20 Notosuchia was first recognized as a distinct group by the early work of Gasparini in the 21 1970’s and in the last decades numerous discoveries and studies have increased the 22 geographical, temporal and taxonomical scope of this clade. Here we analyze the 23 patterns of diversity of Notosuchia during the Cretaceous, considering their taxic and 24 phylogenetic diversity, as well as implementing sampling corrections aiming to account 25 for the uneven fossil record of different stages of the Cretaceous. We identify two 26 subsequent pulses of diversification in the late Early Cretaceous and the middle Late 27 Cretaceous, followed by two separate extinction events that occurred during the latest 28 Cretaceous (Campanian/Maastrichtian). We discuss the contribution of the South 29 American, African, and Malagasy fossil records to the diversity curves, which indicates 30 the African fossil record dominates the first pulse of diversification and the South 31 American fossil record exclusively compose the second pulse of diversification. -
The Impact of Fossil Stratigraphic Ranges on Tip‐Calibration, and The
[Palaeontology, Vol. 63, Part 1, 2020, pp. 67–83] THE IMPACT OF FOSSIL STRATIGRAPHIC RANGES ON TIP-CALIBRATION, AND THE ACCURACY AND PRECISION OF DIVERGENCE TIME ESTIMATES by HANS P. PUSCHEL€ 1,2,JOSEPHE.O’REILLY1,3 , DAVIDE PISANI1,4 and PHILIP C. J. DONOGHUE1 1School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK; [email protected] 2School of Geosciences Grant Institute, University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FE, Scotland, UK; [email protected] 3MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland, UK; [email protected] 4School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK; [email protected] Typescript received 12 December 2018; accepted in revised form 9 May 2019 Abstract: The molecular clock provides the only viable different calibration approaches leads to different divergence- means of establishing realistic evolutionary timescales but it time estimates and demonstrate that concentrating tip-calibra- remains unclear how best to calibrate divergence time analyses. tions near the root of the dated phylogeny improves both pre- Calibrations can be applied to the tips and/or to the nodes of a cision and accuracy of estimated divergence times. Finally, our phylogeny. Tip-calibration is an attractive approach since it results indicate that the highest levels of accuracy and preci- allows fossil species to be included alongside extant relatives in sion are achieved when fossil tips are calibrated based on the molecular clock analyses. -
Downloaded on 11 January 2017
Paleoecology of the Freshwater Ampullariidae from the Late Oligocene Nsungwe Formation of Tanzania A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science Yuwan Ranjeev Epa April 2017 © 2017 Yuwan Ranjeev Epa. All Rights Reserved. 2 This thesis titled Paleoecology of the Freshwater Ampullariidae from the Late Oligocene Nsungwe Formation of Tanzania by YUWAN RANJEEV EPA has been approved for the Department of Geological Sciences and the College of Arts and Sciences by Alycia L. Stigall Professor of Geological Sciences Robert Frank Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT EPA, YUWAN RANJEEV, M.S., April 2017, Geological Sciences Paleoecology of the Freshwater Ampullariidae from the Late Oligocene Nsungwe Formation of Tanzania Director of Thesis: Alycia L. Stigall This study examines morphological diversification of the late Oligocene ampullariid species from the Rukwa Rift Basin of Tanzania. Six new species of ampullariids are described, including five species of Lanistes and one species of Carnevalea. The high-spired Lanistes species described record the earliest appearance of this morphotype in the fossil record. Carnevalea santiapillai records the first appearance of this genus outside the Eocene of Oman. Paleoecological interpretations suggest a paludal to lacustrine ecology for C. santiapillai and a lacustrine ecology for L. nsungwensis. Lanistes songwensis and L. songweellipticus were interpreted as fluviate species whereas -
Post-Gondwana Africa and the Vertebrate History of the Angolan Atlantic Coast
Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74: 343–362 (2016) Published 2016 ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line) http://museumvictoria.com.au/about/books-and-journals/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/ Post-Gondwana Africa and the vertebrate history of the Angolan Atlantic Coast LOUIS L. JACOBS1,*, MICHAEL J. POLCYN1, OCTÁVIO MATEUS2, ANNE S. SCHUlp3, ANTÓNIO OLÍmpIO GONÇALVES4 AND MARIA LUÍSA MORAIS4 1 Roy M. Huffington Department of Earth Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States ([email protected]; [email protected]) 2 GeoBioTec, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, and Museu da Lourinhã, Rua João Luis de Moura, 2530-157, Lourinhã, Portugal ([email protected]) 3 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht, de Bosquetplein 6-7, NL-6211 KJ Maastricht, The Netherlands; Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ([email protected]) 4 Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Agostinho Neto, Avenida 4 de Fevereiro 7, Luanda, Angola ([email protected]; [email protected]) * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Jacobs, L.L., Polcyn, M.J., Mateus, O., Schulp, A.S., Gonçalves, A.O. and Morais M.L. 2016. Post-Gondwana Africa and the vertebrate history of the Angolan Atlantic Coast. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74: 343–362. The separation of Africa from South America and the growth of the South Atlantic are recorded in rocks exposed along the coast of Angola. Tectonic processes that led to the formation of Africa as a continent also controlled sedimentary basins that preserve fossils. -
Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of the Late Cenozoic Lake Beds Succession, Rukwa Rift Basin, Tanzania: Implications for Hydrocarbon Prospectivity
ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following reference: Mtelela, Cassy (2016) Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the late Cenozoic lake beds succession, Rukwa Rift Basin, Tanzania: implications for hydrocarbon prospectivity. PhD thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/48569/ The author has certified to JCU that they have made a reasonable effort to gain permission and acknowledge the owner of any third party copyright material included in this document. If you believe that this is not the case, please contact [email protected] and quote http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/48569/ Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the late Cenozoic Lake Beds succession, Rukwa Rift Basin, Tanzania: Implications for hydrocarbon prospectivity Thesis submitted by Cassy MTELELA B.Sc. (with Geology) (University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania), M.Sc. (University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania) in September, 2016 For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Australia. Statement of Access I, the undersigned author of this thesis, understand that James Cook University will make this thesis available for use within the university library and allow access in other approved libraries after submission. All users consulting this thesis will have to sign the following statement: In consulting this thesis I agree not to copy or closely paraphrase it in whole or in part without the written consent of the author; and to make proper public written acknowledgement for any assistance which I have obtained from it. Beyond this, I do not wish to place any restrictions on access to this thesis.