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Home , Ashgabat, Bandar Seri Begawan, Bishkek, Dili, Dushanbe, Tashkent

Thematic consultation on Smart Cities in and the Pacific

10 July 2018 Marina Bay Sands Expo & Convention Centre,

Curt Garrigan Chief, Sustainable Urban Development Section, ESCAP

The Future of Asia and Pacific Cities 2019: Urban Opportunities to deliver the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

120° 135° 150° 165° 180° 165° 150° 135° ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION Anchorage 60° FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC RUSSIAN United Nations ESCAP FEDERATION Bering Sea OF AMERICA Sea of Okhotsk ds Astana Sakhalin Islan Aleutian . • Is Part of the UN Secretariat l ri GE u OR Caspian K 45° G 45° I Vladivostok Black Sea A Sea UZ BEK Hokkaido T'bilisi IS Sapporo TA N DEM. PEOPLE'S TURKMEN P'yongyang － A I REP. OF KOREA 53 member States, 9 associate members, from Beijing ST Honshu R A N M E - AN Jammu Incheon NI ST A NI and A - u REP. OF Chiba NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN Mediterranean H Kashmir d Osaka ISLAMIC REPUBLIC n Turkey to Tonga G a KOREA Sea d Shikoku OF F - m hu A N a p b th Kyushu P A - m 30 a a i 30 ° e T h ° r S - m K East . s I la T Is ia K s n A I New China u G P y H ulf Karachi k aw G Sea u aiia ul LAO Guangzhou y n R f of R Is e P.D.R. la d nd s S M , China e a Northern a • c ESCAP covers the world’s most populous a o, China Mariana Mumbai Naypyitaw Philippine Hyderabad Luzon Islands South China Sea Saipan 15° 15° Bay of IA VIET NAM Hagåtña D ESCAP HQ O Sea Guam region – two thirds of humanity Arabian Sea B Bengal M CA h MARSHALL en Colombo P ISLANDS om Mindanao Koror Palikir Sri Jayewardenepura KotteSRI LANKA Phn DARUSSALAM PALAU Majuro Northern Line Male Celebes FEDERATED STATES Islands S Sea OF MICRONESIA u Tarawa m Gilbert Is. KIRIBATI Equator 0° Members: a SINGAPORE 0° te Sulawesi NAURU Yaren • Nauru r Phoenix Is. Based in Bangkok, with 4 subregional offices a PAPUA Southern Line Nepal Islands NEW GUINEA SOLOMON ISLANDS TUVALU Surabaya French Marquesas Azerbaijan Bogor Port Moresby Funafuti Tokelau Is. Bangladesh Java - Arafura Sea Honiara Polynesia Is. LESTE American Bhutan SAMOA Tu Palau Apia Samoa amo Brunei Darussalam Papua New Guinea Coral Sea Pago Pago tu A • 15° rch 15° ESCAP fosters: ip Philippines Port-Vila FIJI Papeete el China ag Republic of Korea VANUATU Niue o Suva Alofi So Democratic People's Republic of Korea Russian Federation ci New Avarua ety Federated States of Micronesia Samoa Nuku'alofa Is. Caledonia Tu Fiji Singapore Nouméa TONGA C bu － oo ai I regional cooperation through an s k Solomon Islands AUSTRALIA I . Pitcairn sla nds India 30° Tajikistan 30° intergovernmental platform to promote social and Indonesia Thailand Perth Islamic Republic of Iran Timor-Leste SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN Japan Tonga Kazakhstan Turkey Melbourne Tasman Sea Auckland economic development Kiribati North Island Kyrgyzstan Tuvalu NEW ZEALAND Lao People's Democratic Republic Tasmania Wellington Malaysia United States of America ESCAP Headquarters, Regional or sub-regional offices － 45° Maldives 45° normative, analytical, and technical cooperation South Island Marshall Islands Vanuatu Mongolia Viet Nam Myanmar The boundaries and names shown and the designations used at the regional level Associate members: on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. American Samoa Guam 0 1000 2000 3000 km Commonwealth of the Hong Kong, China Dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control Northern Mariana Islands Macao, China in Jammu and Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan. The final status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been －a platform for South‐South dialogue and exchange Cook Islands New Caledonia agreed upon by the parties. 0 1000 2000 mi 60° French Polynesia Niue 60° of practices 30° 45° 60° 75° 90° 105° 120° 135° 150° 165° 180° 165° 150° 135° Map No. 3974 Rev. 18 UNITED NATIONS Department of Field Support August 2014 Cartographic Section • Interdisciplinary expertise from urban to environmental issues, to energy, science and technology, trade and transport The outlook for Asia and Pacific cities • Asia‐Pacific is rapidly urbanizing • this high urban growth has been accompanied by widening social and economic inequality and environmental degradation • the sustainability of Asia‐Pacific’s cities will determine both the future of the region and the prospects for shared prosperity for all • it is a source of optimism that Asia‐Pacific is where many of the innovations, especially in smart technologies, are being explored The 2030 Agenda and cities

Cities well positioned for the implementation of Global Development Agendas Source: Otto, UN Environment, Cities Unit

What are the effective means of implementation of the global agendas at the local municipal level to achieve sustainable urbanization?

The FutureThe State of Asia and Pacific Cities 2019: Urban Opportunities to deliver the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development To create a ‘possibility space’ to re‐imagine the future of built/natural environments in Asia‐Pacific cities, with the aim to further support the localization and implementation of global sustainability agendas, and guide the development of prosperous, resilient, and inclusive cities for all A moment of opportunity for Asia‐Pacific cities • decisions made now will have long‐term impacts, and Asia‐Pacific cities have an opportunity to set themselves on more sustainable and inclusive trajectories • for example, most urban infrastructure investments, especially environmental ones, are capital intensive and long‐term －e.g. water and sewer mains need to be replaced once in 30 years • poor investment choices can create a lock‐in effect and increase the challenge to establish sustainable development trajectories, especially in the energy sector • will be a major Report on cities in the Asia‐Pacific region • will be a policy advocacy Report for national and local governments in the region • will provide a conceptual framework to localize the global agendas in Asia‐Pacific cities • will critically assess and provide knowledge and best practices of the means of implementation across a range of urban sustainability areas • will be launched at, and inform the thematic areas and structure of, the 7th Asia‐Pacific Urban Forum during Q3 2019 – Introduction 1. The Future of Urban Governance and Capacities for Resilience 2. The Future of Urban Finance 3. The Future of Smart Urban Data and Technologies 4. The Future of Urban/Territorial Planning – Conclusion

Selection of themes was influenced by: • the ESCAP – UN‐Habitat Regional Partners Forum held in November 2017 • the Regional Report for Habitat III Chapter 3 The Future of Smart Urban Data and Technologies an approach where 'Smart' provides the means to realizing the end goal of equitable and sustainable cities transportation

governance and energy administration

buildings water Smart Cities

disaster education warning and response

public waste safety management Examples of Smart City initiatives in Asia‐Pacific • Republic of Korea －Songdo International Business City is the largest private real estate venture ever and is set to cost around US$ 33 billion －has the highest number of Internet of Things devices per capita • China －has about 500 Smart City pilot projects, the highest number in the world, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Hangzhou －over 90% of China’s provinces and have listed Internet of Things as a important industry in their development plans • Japan －accelerated deployment after the 2011 Fukushima disaster －focus on smart energy systems and disaster resilience －emphasize building up from the micro as opposed to bolstering the macro‐grid • ASEAN Smart Cities Network －26 initial pilot cities －First ASEAN initiative to engage directly with cities －Facilitating Smart City Action Plans Internet users in Asia‐Pacific (combined mobile and landline)

50% 47% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Chapter 3 The Future of Smart Urban Data and Technologies • what are the new policy and project options to strengthen systems for Smart City initiatives, improve public service delivery, increase public satisfaction and strengthen democratic and participatory processes? • what private sector initiatives/actions and national level policies can drive Smart City initiatives? • how can cities close the technical capacity and skills gaps to be able to make decisions on which technologies are appropriate for their contexts, and to be able to implement and run Smart systems? • how can municipal governments reduce the digital divide? • what kinds of data to cities require for Smart City initiatives, and how can they collect it? • how can cities ensure that data is used transparently, accountably, and securely, and that citizens’ rights to privacy and political activity are respected? • what are the trade‐offs or intersections between investments in Smart City initiatives and the large numbers of people employed in the informal sector in Asia‐Pacific cities? 120° 135° 150° 165° 180° 165° 150° 135° ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION Anchorage 60° FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC RUSSIAN UNITED STATES FEDERATION Bering Sea OF AMERICA Sea of Okhotsk Moscow ds Astana Sakhalin Islan Aleutian KAZAKHSTAN Ulaanbaatar . Is l ri GE MONGOLIA u OR Caspian K 45° G 45° I Vladivostok Black Sea A Sea Almaty UZ AZERBAIJAN BEK Hokkaido Istanbul T'bilisi IS Tashkent Sapporo Baku TA Bishkek* KYRGYZSTAN URKM N DEM. PEOPLE'S Ankara Yerevan T EN TAJIKISTAN P'yongyangREP. OF KOREA A Ashgabat IST Beijing Honshu R A Dushanbe TURKEY N M Seoul E - AN Jammu Incheon Tokyo JAPAN NI Tehran ST A NI and CHINA A - u REP. OF Chiba NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN Mediterranean H Kabul Kashmir d Osaka ISLAMIC REPUBLIC n G a KOREA Sea d Shikoku OF F - hu A N a NEPAL m p Wuhan - b th Shanghai Kyushu P A m 30 IRAN a a i 30 ° e T h ° r S - m K BHUTAN . I T East s la Is ia K s n A I China u G P y H ulf Karachi k aw G Sea u aiia ul LAO Guangzhou y n R f of Dhaka R Is e Oman BANGLADESH la d P.D.R. Taiwan n d S M Hong Kong, China s e MYANMAR a Northern a Hanoi ca INDIA o, China Mariana Mumbai Naypyitaw Vientiane Philippine Hyderabad Luzon Islands THAILAND South China Sea Saipan 15° Manila 15° Bangkok Bay of IA VIET NAM PHILIPPINES Hagåtña ESCAP HQ D BO Sea Guam Arabian Sea Bengal M CA h MARSHALL en Colombo P ISLANDS om Mindanao Koror Palikir Sri Jayewardenepura KotteSRI LANKA Phn BRUNEI DARUSSALAM PALAU Majuro Northern Line MALDIVES Bandar Seri Begawan Male Kuala Lumpur Celebes FEDERATED STATES Islands S MALAYSIA Sea OF MICRONESIA u Tarawa m Gilbert Is. KIRIBATI Equator 0° Members: a SINGAPORE 0° te Sulawesi NAURU Yaren Afghanistan Nauru r Phoenix Is. a PAPUA Southern Line Armenia Nepal INDONESIA Jakarta NEW GUINEA SOLOMON Islands Australia Netherlands ISLANDS TUVALU Surabaya French Marquesas Azerbaijan New Zealand Bogor Dili Port Moresby Funafuti Tokelau Is. Bangladesh Java TIMOR- Arafura Sea Honiara Polynesia Is. Pakistan LESTE American Bhutan SAMOA Tu Palau Apia Samoa amo Brunei Darussalam Coral Sea Pago Pago tu A Papua New Guinea rc 15° hi 15° Cambodia Philippines pe Port-Vila FIJI Papeete la China g Republic of Korea VANUATU Niue o Suva S Democratic People's Republic of Korea Russian Federation Alofi oc Avarua iet Federated States of Micronesia New y Is Samoa Caledonia Nuku'alofa T . Nouméa C ub Fiji Singapore TONGA o ua ok i Is France Solomon Islands AUSTRALIA I . Pitcairn sla Georgia Sri Lanka nds India 30° Tajikistan 30° Indonesia Thailand Perth Islamic Republic of Iran Timor-Leste Sydney SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN Japan Tonga Canberra Kazakhstan Turkey Melbourne Tasman Sea Auckland Kiribati Turkmenistan North Island Kyrgyzstan Tuvalu NEW ZEALAND Lao People's Democratic Republic United Kingdom Tasmania Wellington Malaysia United States of America ESCAP Headquarters, Regional or sub-regional offices 45° Maldives Uzbekistan 45° Marshall Islands Vanuatu South Island Mongolia Viet Nam Myanmar The boundaries and names shown and the designations used Associate members: on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. American Samoa Guam 0 1000 2000 3000 km Commonwealth of the Hong Kong, China Dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan. Northern Mariana Islands Macao, China The final status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been Cook Islands New Caledonia agreed upon by the parties. 0 1000 2000 mi 60° French Polynesia Niue 60° 30° 45° 60° 75° 90° 105° 120° 135° 150° 165° 180° 165° 150° 135°

Map No. 3974 Rev. 18 UNITED NATIONS Department of Field Support August 2014 Cartographic Section Consultative Meetings • Subregional Pacific meeting 4 July 2018, Suva, Fiji • Thematic consultation on Smart Cities in Asia and the Pacific 10 July 2018, Singapore • Subregional consultation for South and South West Asia September 2018 TBD, New Delhi, India • Expert Group Meeting on Municipal Finance September/October 2018 TBD, Manila, the Philippines • Subregional consultation for North and October TBD, Geneva, • 6th Asia‐Pacific Forum on Sustainable Development (APFSD) March 2019 TBD, Bangkok, Thailand Thematic consultation on Smart Cities in Asia and the Pacific Objectives

1. Review the overall issues and assess the sustainability of smart cities in Asia and the Pacific, and develop recommendations for public, private and civil society organisations for future urban data and smart cities initiatives 2. Broaden the knowledge base regarding smart cities through the elaboration of international good practices and knowledge partnerships 3. Build ownership for the Report and encourage participants to become champions, to take its knowledge and recommendations forward, and to disseminate, and raise awareness within their networks Expected outcomes

1. Validation of the overall narrative and structure of the Report’s focus on Smart Cities, data and technology 2. A more granular and regionally‐specific understanding of the challenges and future opportunities of Smart Cities in Asia and the Pacific, to generate examples of best practices and case studies that can feed into the Report, including empirical evidence on what Smart City strategies have and have not worked 3. Confirmation of timeline and thematic working group for the Report on Smart Cities, technologies and data Programme －Smart cities in Asia and the Pacific (presentation from CLC) －Smart city applications and financing in Asia and the Pacific (presentation from ADB) －Discussant’s reaction (from ICLEI) －Plenary discussion Coffee break －Breakout group discussions on five key questions around smart cities in Asia‐Pacific －Presentations of recommendations by each group in plenary －Next steps and closing remarks from ESCAP and CLC Key questions a) How will smart applications of technologies and data in the region change the built form, environment, and socio‐economic fabric of cities in future? b) How can smart solutions be scaled up ‐ recognizing different challenges within cities, across countries and sub‐regions? c) What are current good practices and emerging examples of smart cities in the region which address sustainability, taking into consideration compatibility with current systems, greater flexibility and openness, the capacity of stakeholders (such as municipal workers and the public), and the technology’s appropriateness to the city? d) How can smart city strategies and initiatives be localized through participatory and multi stakeholder processes? What policies and technologies can provide robust ICT infrastructure to help overcome the digital divide and ensure that no one is left behind in making cities smarter? e) Who are the different ‘smart city champions’ that can help distill guiding principles and promote good practices at the city level? Topics for group discussions on the ‘smart solution’s for means of implementation Group 1: Facilitator – Paula Hargrave (UN‐Habitat) How will smart applications of technologies and data in the region change the built form, environment, and socio‐ economic fabric of cities in future? Group 2: Facilitator – Group 2: Facilitator ‐ Lara Arjan (ADB) What are current good practices and emerging examples of smart cities in the region which address sustainability, taking into consideration compatibility with current systems, greater flexibility and openness, the capacity of stakeholders and the technology’s appropriateness to the city? Groups 3: Facilitator – Teng Leng (CLC) What policies and technologies can provide robust ICT infrastructure to help overcome the digital divide and ensure that no one is left behind in making cities smarter? Group 4: Facilitator – Taimur Khilji (UNDP) How can smart solutions be scaled up ‐ recognizing different challenges within cities, across countries and sub‐ regions? Group 5: Facilitator – Emani Kumar (ICLEI) Who are the different ‘smart city champions’ that can support an enabling environment and promote implementation at the city level? Annex The outlook for Asia and Pacific cities • Asia‐Pacific is rapidly urbanizing Percentage of population residing in urban areas in Asia

70% 66% 62% 60% 57% 51% 50% 45%

40% 38% 32% 30% 27% 24% 21% 20% 18%

10%

0% 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 Urban population in Asia‐Pacific (billions) 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.2

3.0 2.8

2.5 2.4 1.9 2.0 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.3

0.0 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 The outlook for Asia and Pacific cities • Asia‐Pacific is rapidly urbanizing • this high urban growth has been accompanied by widening social and economic inequality and environmental degradation Venture‐capital investment by technology (billions of US dollars) Countries drive patenting in 3D printing, nanotechnology, and robotics (numbers of first patent filings) Artificial intelligence software revenue, world markets, 2016‐2025 (billions of United States dollars) Implementation of Internet of Things related projects Slum population in Asia‐Pacific, 1990‐2014 60% 500 438 440 428 437 437 450 49% 408 50% 376 44% 400

40% 350 40% 35% 33% 300 31% 30% 27% 250

200 20% 150

100 10%

50 Number of people (millions) Share of urban population (%)

0% 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Environmental degradation

• 60‐70% of plastic in the ocean comes from Asia‐Pacific －at the current rate, the oceans will carry more plastic than fish by 2050 －there are 51 trillion microplastic particles in the oceans; 500 times more than there are stars in our galaxy • 70% of all air pollution related deaths occur in Asia‐Pacific • Asia accounted for 33% of all global greenhouse gas emissions in 2014, more than the and the United States combined Urban trajectories Chapter 1 The Future of Urban Governance and Capacities for Resilience Disaster fatalities, 1970‐2011

Rest of World 25%

Asia‐Pacific 75% Chapter 1 The Future of Urban Governance and Capacities for Resilience

• how can cities leverage frontier Smart technologies to facilitate more effective local governance in order to address the multidimensional urban impacts of social, economic, and environmental shocks and stresses, including from disasters and climate change? • how can Smart City initiatives increase the capacities of the most vulnerable segments of society in particular? • how can Smart City systems themselves be made more resilient? • how can Smart technologies and innovative applications of data be used to identify the means to curb systems that are resilient but not sustainable, or which hinder development efforts in Asia‐Pacific cities? Chapter 2 The Future of Urban Finance Investment Needs as percentage of GDP Climate‐adjusted estimates, 2016‐2030

10% 9% 9.1% 8% 8.8% 7% 7.8% 6% 5.9% 5% 5.7% 5.2% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% Asia and Central East Asia South Southeast The the Pacific Asia Asia Asia Pacific Chapter 2 The Future of Urban Finance

• what financial mechanisms can Asia‐Pacific cities leverage for Smart City initiatives? • how can Asia‐Pacific cities finance the necessary infrastructure investments in information technology in order to reduce the digital divide? • how can Smart systems reduce the cost of closing the infrastructure gap in Asia‐Pacific cities (e.g. through demand management and Smart appliances)? Chapter 4 The Future of Urban/Territorial Planning Urban expansion Chapter 4 The Future of Urban/Territorial Planning

• what kinds of geospatial, population, resource and material use, and other kinds of data do municipal governments need in order to make inclusive and sustainable planning decisions, and how can Smart technology and sensors help collect this data? • how can cities ensure that Smart systems are not siloed by sector in order to facilitate integrated and inclusive planning processes? • how can cities ensure the selection of Smart City technologies is transparent and demand‐led?