h k - l a w y e r . org CoverStory INSURANCE INSURANCE 變化 香港保險公司管治架構即將出現的 for Insurers Corporate GovernanceFramework Upcoming ChangestoHongKong’s 封面專題 保險 的近律師行 首席合夥人 的近律師行 蔣瑞福 專 訪 Partner,Senior Deacons Lilian Chiang Face to Face with CRIMINAL 性罪行》諮詢文件概述 法律改革委員會關於《涉及兒童及精神缺損人士的 Children andPersons withMentalImpairment Consultation Paper onSexualOffencesinvolving Overview oftheLawReform Commission’s 刑事法 Mayer Brown JSM Partner, of Head ChinaPractice, Elaine Lo 孖士打律師行 合夥人， 中國業務主管 孖士打律師行 羅婉文 D ecember DISPUTES 法律改革委員會的最終報告書 香港的第三方資助仲裁： Final Report Hong Kong: LawReformCommission’s Third Party FundingforArbitrationin

2016 爭議 HK$280 二零一六年十二月

www.hk-lawyer.org Hong Kong Lawyer 香港律師 The official journal of The Law Society of Hong Kong (incorporated with limited liability) HONG KONG LAWYER 香港律師會 (以有限法律責任形式成立) 會刊 www.hk-lawyer.org THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE LAW SOCIETY OF HONG KONG 香港律師會會刊

Editorial Board 編輯委員會 Chairman 主席 Inside your December issue Huen Wong 王桂壎 Jenkin SF Chan 陳少勳 十二月期刊內容 Peter CH Chan 陳志軒 Heidi KP Chu 朱潔冰 Elliot Fung 馮以德 Steven B Gallagher Warren P Ganesh 莊偉倫 Minkang Gu 顧敏康 Julienne Jen 任文慧 Dave Lau 劉子勁 Byron Leung 梁東華 George YC Mok 莫玄熾 Michelle Tsang 曾憲薇 Adamas KS Wong 黃嘉晟 Tony Yen 嚴元浩 16 COVER STORY THE COUNCIL OF THE LAW SOCIETY OF HONG KONG 香港律師會理事會 President 會長 Thomas ST So 蘇紹聰 Vice Presidents 副會長 Melissa K Pang 彭韻僖 Amirali B Nasir 黎雅明 Council Members 理事會成員 Stephen WS Hung 熊運信 Junius KY Ho 何君堯 Huen Wong 王桂壎

Peter CL Lo 羅志力 32 INSURANCE Michael J Lintern-Smith 史密夫 Billy WY Ma 馬華潤 Cecilia KW Wong 黃吳潔華 Brian W Gilchrist 喬柏仁 Denis G Brock 白樂德 Nick Chan 陳曉峰 39 CRIMINAL Bonita BY Chan 陳寶儀 Mark Daly 帝理邁 CM Chan 陳澤銘 4 EDITOR’S NOTE 編者的話 Serina KS Chan 陳潔心 Warren P Ganesh 6 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE 會長的話 Simon SC Lai 黎壽昌 8 CONTRIBUTORS 投 稿 者 Roden ML Tong 湯文龍

Secretary General 秘書長 10 FROM THE COUNCIL TABLE 理事會議題 Heidi KP Chu 朱潔冰 12 LETTER TO HONG KONG LAWYER 給《 香 港 律 師 》的 信 Law Society’s Contact: www.hklawsoc.org.hk

與律師會聯繫 Tel: +852 2846 0500 14 FROM THE SECRETARIAT 律師會秘書處資訊

Annual Subscription 全年訂閱: HK$3,360 16 COVER STORY 封面專題 Face to Face with 專 訪 Thomson Reuters Hong Kong Limited Lilian Chiang 蔣瑞福 16/F, Cityplaza 3, Taikoo Shing, Hong Kong Senior Partner, Deacons 的近律師行 首席合夥人 Tel: +852 2847 2088 Eliane Lo 羅婉文 www.thomsonreuters.com Partner, Head of China Practice, Mayer Brown JSM 孖士打律師行 合夥人，中國業務主管 ISSN 1025-9554 26 LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律師會新聞 © Copyright is reserved throughout. No part of this publication can be reproduced in whole or 32 INSURANCE 保 險 part without the express permission of the editor. Upcoming Changes to Hong Kong’s Corporate Contributions are invited, but copies of work should 香港保險公司管治架構即將出現的變化 be kept, as Hong Kong Lawyer can accept no Governance Framework for Insurers responsibility for loss. 39 CRIMINAL 刑 事 法 Overview of the Law Reform Commission’s 法律改革委員會關於《涉及兒童及精神 Consultation Paper on Sexual Offences involving 缺 損 人 士 的 性 罪 行 》諮 詢 文 件 概 述 Children and Persons with Mental Impairment December 2016 二零一六年十二月 HK$280

Editor 編輯 44 DISPUTES 爭 議 Cynthia G Claytor Third Party Funding for Arbitration in Hong Kong: 香港的第三方資助仲裁： [email protected] Law Reform Commission’s Final Report 法律改革委員會的最終報告書 Tel: +852 2841 5775 49 INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業界透視 Managing Editor 執行主編 Ranajit Dam 鄧文杰 59 CASES IN BRIEF 案例撮要 [email protected] Tel: +65 6870 3393 68 LEGAL MARKET 職場資訊 What’s Driving the Trend of ‘On-Demand’ 甚麼推動香港企業的「按需定制」法律服 Design and Production 設計及制作 Lawyers for Hong Kong Corporates? 務 發 展？ Samson Pang 彭振生 [email protected] 2 7 PROFESSIONAL MOVES 會員動向

Translation team 翻譯組 76 LEGAL TRIVIA QUIZ 法律知識測驗 InfoPower Tang Mei Kwan 8 7 CAMPUS VOICES 法學院新聞

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All information and views expressed by contributors and advertisements 68 LEGAL MARKET in Hong Kong Lawyer do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of The Law Society of Hong Kong. Whilst every effort is made to ensure editorial and commercial integrity, no responsibility is accepted by the Publisher or The Law Society of Hong Kong for the accuracy of material appearing in this journal. Members are encouraged to contribute but the Editorial Board of The Law Society of Hong Kong reserves the right to publish only material it deems appropriate. 80 LAWYERS AT LEISURE LOOKING FOR THE LATEST LEGAL INDUSTRY NEWS, ANALYSIS AND JOBS IN ASIA? ALB is owned by Thomson Reuters, the world’s leading source of intelligent information for businesses and professionals. With its portfolio of leading titles, online services, Law Awards and In-House Legal Summits, ALB provides authoritative and unbiased insights, and unmatched networking and business development opportunities, to legal professionals throughout Asia Pacific.

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EDITOR’S NOTE 編者的話

On 12 October 2016, the Law Reform Commission (“LRC”) issued a 2016年10月12日，法律改革委員會（"法改會"）發表 lengthy report, including a set of recommendations calling for the Hong 一篇長篇報導，包括一套建議呼籲香港政府改革法律， Kong Government to reform the law to make it clear that third party 以明確表示根據《仲裁條例》，第三方資助仲裁和相關 funding of arbitration and associated proceedings under the Arbitration 的法律程序按香港法律是允許的。在這個報告中，法改 Ordinance is permitted under Hong Kong law. In this report, the LRC recognised that third party funding has become increasingly common 會認為第三方資助在世界各地越來越常見，以及擬議改 around the world and that the proposed reforms to abolish the doctrines 革，以廢除包攬訴訟與非法挑撥訴訟等原則，是加強香 of champerty and maintenance is necessary to enhance Hong Kong’s 港作為國際仲裁中心競爭優勢所必要的，並避免被其競 competitive position as an international arbitration centre and to avoid 爭對手超越。該《爭議》文章(第47頁)在這一期論述了法 being taken over its competitors. The Disputes article (p. 44) in this issue discusses the recommendations in the LRC’s report and how they might 改會報告的建議和如何執行該等建議。 be implemented. 緊隨法改會的最終報告，11月7日新加坡的法律部向國會 On the heels of the LRC issuing their final report, on 7 November, 提交了2016年民法(修訂)條例草案，藉以允許第三方資 Singapore’s Ministry of Law submitted the Civil Law (Amendment) Bill 助仲裁，並為進一步的擴展奠定基礎。這一決定是確保 2016 to Parliament to permit third party funding in arbitration and to lay the groundwork for further expansions. It indicated that this decision was 新加坡保持競爭優勢作為國際商事爭議解決中心所作持 part of its on-going efforts to ensure Singapore maintains its competitive 續努力的一部分。這促使新加坡當地媒體宣佈，該仲裁 edge as an international commercial dispute resolution hub. This has 樞紐現已"超越"香港。 prompted some to claim that the arbitration hub has now “leapfrogged” ahead of Hong Kong. 針對這些事態發展，Burford Capital的行政總裁 In response to these developments, Christopher Bogart, Chief Executive Christopher Bogart寫了封信給《香港律師》(第12頁)。 Officer of Burford Capital, wrote a letter to Hong Kong Lawyer (p. 12). 他在信中，實質上是敦促香港效仿新加坡的做法，主張 In his letter, he essentially urges Hong Kong to follow Singapore’s 政府不僅遵循法改會的建議，消除任何含糊之處及要明 lead, advocating for the Government to not only follow the LRC’s 確允許運用訴訟資助於仲裁，還要走得更遠，擴大准許 recommendations to remove any ambiguity and explicitly allow for the use of litigation finance in arbitration, but also to go further and 訴訟資助至一般用途，包括商業訴訟。因注意過度監管 expand the sanctioned use of litigation finance generally, including in 環境會阻止資本流動，及相對於其他中心不利於香港， commercial litigation. He also expresses his support for the adoption 他還表示他支持法改會對第三方在香港資助仲裁採取的" of the LRC’s “light touch” approach to the regulation of third party 低干涉"規管方式。 funding of arbitration in Hong Kong, noting that an unduly regulatory environment would discourage capital flows and disadvantage Hong 這封信和《爭議》的文章觸及各種香港政府按建議繼續 Kong relative to other centres. 前進改革時目前要權衡的重要問題。香港政府對新加坡 Both the letter and the Disputes article touch on a variety of important 的向前邁進一步將如何應對？ 希望這一種應對方式，將 issues currently being weighed by the Hong Kong Government as it 進一步加強其在亞洲作為重要仲裁法庭的地位。我們將 considers how best to move forward with the reform proposals. How 繼續跟進和報告在這一領域的事態發展。如果你想要加 will the Hong Kong Government respond in light of Singapore’s step forward? Hopefully, in a way that will further bolster its position as a 入這個有趣的、持續的討論，請寫信給我。 premier seat of arbitration in Asia. We will continue to follow and report on developments in this space. Please write in if you would like to add to this interesting, on-going discussion.

Cynthia G. Claytor Cynthia G. Claytor Editor, Hong Kong Lawyer 《香港律師》編輯 Legal Media Group Thomson Reuters Legal Media Group 湯森路透 [email protected] [email protected]

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Professional Indemnity Scheme: An Update

The Professional Indemnity Scheme savings as the current PIS Rules only that a solicitor’s practising certificate (“PIS”) has been the professional make reference to a Senior Counsel; shall be suspended if he/she fails to indemnity provider of law firms in Hong (c) clarifying the existing power of the maintain PIS cover pursuant to r. 6 of Kong for nearly 30 years. It is governed Company or the Law Society to the PIS Rules; by the Solicitors (Professional Indemnity) disburse or reimburse out of the fund (e) clarifying the Company’s discretion Rules (Cap. 159M) (“PIS Rules”) and is all expenses and liabilities incurred to take over the conduct of a claim, held, managed and administered by the in the handling of claims and other which is important in cases where a Hong Kong Solicitors Indemnity Fund expenses and liabilities incurred claim may be made against a sole Limited (“Company”). in respect of the fund and the PIS practitioner who has passed away The PIS Rules were drafted nearly three Rules, subject to the Company or the and no personal representative has decades ago and are in need of revision. Law Society having acted in good been appointed to administer the The Solicitors (Professional Indemnity) faith (para. 3(d) of Schedule 2 to the estate. Unless the Company takes (Amendment) Rules 2016 and Solicitors’ PIS Rules); over the conduct of the claim the (Practice) (Amendment) Rules 2016 (d) removing an exclusion (para. 1(2)(c)(x) claimant may go uncompensated. (together “Amendment Rules”) were of Schedule 3 to the PIS Rules) so In addition to these two sets of gazetted on 25 November 2016. The that Indemnity will be provided even Amendment Rules, the Board of the Amendment Rules aim to improve the where no Receipt had been issued Company and the Law Society have clarity of the PIS Rules, enhance the to the relevant practice because also taken note of the rising number operation of the PIS and provide better of some default by its principals. of registered foreign lawyers (“RFLs”) protection to the public. Salient features This means that subject to the practising in Hong Kong. The Law Society of the changes include: terms and conditions of the PIS does not currently require RFLs, who Rules, the relevant law firm will apply for registration to be employed in (a) amending the definition of “Practice” still be indemnified even when its a Hong Kong law firm to supply evidence (r. 2 of the PIS Rules) to clarify that principals have failed to pay the PIS of professional indemnity insurance the business of practising as a contributions. The deletion of this pursuant to s. 6 of the Foreign Lawyers solicitor includes “the neutral in any exclusion to the PIS Rules is aimed Registration Rules; on the basis that form of alternative dispute resolution at safeguarding the public. The they are covered by the PIS. The number procedure; China-Appointed Attesting Company’s remedy for the law firm’s of RFLs practising in Hong Kong has Officer; or civil celebrant…”; failure to pay its contribution is to risen by more than 67 percent over (b) amending the Senior Counsel Clause rely on its power to charge interest the last 10 years. (from 777 in 2005 to (para. 8(1)(c) of Schedule 3 to the on overdue contributions (pursuant 1,299 in 2015). As at 31 December 2015, PIS Rules) to give the Indemnified to para. 5 of Schedule 1 to the PIS 74 percent of RFLs are employed in and the Company a choice to refer Rules) and to pursue each principal Hong Kong law firms. There is thus an a difference or dispute arising of the firm for reimbursement of any increase in potential exposure to claims between them regarding the defence payment made by the Company to arising out of errors or omissions by or settlement of a claim, to either satisfy the claim against the firm, RFLs in Hong Kong firms. The top three a Junior or a Senior Counsel for together with interest (under para. 9 home jurisdictions of RFLs are the United final determination (the “Counsel of Schedule 3 of the PIS Rules). States, England & Wales and mainland Clause”). This may result in cost Members should take note however, China.

6 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE 會 長 的 話

Despite the rising number of RFLs 專業彌償計劃更新 的第5段)，並向律師行的每一位主管追 practising in Hong Kong law firms, the 討彌償公司就償付對律師行的申索作出 number of RFLs is not incorporated 的任何付款及利息(根據「專業彌償規 專業彌償計劃已為香港律師行提供專業彌 in the contribution formula and 則」附表3的第9段)。然而，會員應注 償接近30年。該計劃由《律師(專業彌償) therefore is not reflected in the 意，若會員未能根據「專業彌償規則」 contributions payable. RFLs are 規則》(第159M章)(「專業彌償規則」)規 第6條維持彌償保障，其律師執業證書 treated no differently to unqualified 管，並由香港律師彌償基金有限公司(「彌 將被暫停； staff. To remedy this inequity in the 償公司」)持有、管理及執行。 PIS contribution calculation, the (e) 澄清彌償公司接手處理任何申索的酌情 「專業彌償規則」自起草至今已近30年， Council and the Board have resolved 權。此修訂在某些情況下十分重要，例 to incorporate the number of RFLs 需要作出修訂。《2016年律師(專業彌償) 如當申索者向已去世的獨營執業者提出 into the formula for calculation of PIS (修訂)規則》及《2016年律師(執業)(修訂) 申索，而該名執業者未有委任代表處理 contributions and deductibles. 規則》(統稱「修訂規則」)已於2016年11 其遺產時，在該情況下，除非彌償公司 月25日憲報刊登。「修訂規則」旨在令 The Board is also considering other 接手處理申索程序，否則申索人可能不 proposals to improve the coverage of 專業彌償規則更清晰；改善基金的日常營 能獲得賠償。 the PIS, preferably at no additional 運；及為公眾人士提供更佳保障。修訂的 除了對這兩條條例的修訂外，彌償公司董 cost to members. If you have any 要點包括： 事局及律師會亦注意到，在香港執業的註 comments or suggestions, you are (a) 修訂「執業業務」(「專業彌償規則」 冊外地律師人數正在不斷上升。申請註冊 most welcome to let me know at 第2條)的定義，澄清律師的執業業務包 [email protected]. 受僱於香港律師行的註冊外地律師，因他 含「在任何形式的另類爭端排解程序 們已被專業彌償計劃所保障，律師會現時 中的中立方、中國委託公證人或婚姻 不需要他們提供專業彌償保險證據(《外 監禮人…」； 地律師註冊規則》第6條)。在香港執業的 (b) 修訂資深大律師條款(「專業彌償規 註冊外地律師人數，在過去10年增加超 則」附表3第8(1)(c)條)，讓獲彌償方 過67%(由2005年的777人增至2015年的 及彌償公司可選擇把雙方訟費或申索 1,299人)。截至2015年12月31日，74% Thomas So, President 引起的分歧或爭議交由一名大律師或 的註冊外地律師受僱於香港律師行。因 資深大律師作出決定(「大律師條款」) 此，因香港律師行的註冊外地律師的錯誤 。現行的專業彌償規則規定只可交由 或遺漏，而招致申索的潛在風險亦增加。 資深大律師作出決定。此項修訂可為 註冊外地律師的三個主要所屬司法管轄區 各方節省開支； 為美國、英格蘭和威爾斯及中國內地。

(c) 澄清現時當彌償公司或律師會在真誠 儘管在香港執業的註冊外地律師人數不斷 行事時，可從基金支付或代墊付處理 上升，但此數目並未納入供款的計算公 申索時招致的所有開支、費用及法律 式，因此應繳供款並未能反映相關風險。 責任，及有關基金及「專業彌償規 現時供款的計算方式將註冊外地律師當作 則」招致的其他開支和法律責任(「專 不合資格職員一樣處理。為補救這個不公 業彌償規則」附表2第3(d)條)； 平情況，理事會及彌償公司董事局決定將 (d) 取消一條除外條款(「專業彌償規則」 註冊外地律師人數納入專業彌償供款及免 附表3第1(2)(c)(x)條)，令即使執業業 賠額的計算公式。 務的主管因某些違責而並未能獲發有 彌償公司董事局亦正考慮其他建議，在盡 關收據時，彌償基金依然會為其提供 量不增加會員成本的情況下，改善專業彌 彌償保障。這意味著即使其主管沒有 償的保障。如有任何意見或建議，歡迎與 根據「專業彌償規則」的條款支付專 我聯絡：[email protected]。 業彌償供款，有關律師行仍會獲得彌 償保障。取消這條除外條款旨在保障 公眾。彌償公司有權力就過期供款收

取利息(根據「專業彌償規則」附表1 蘇紹聰 會長

www.hk-lawyer.org 7 • December 2016

CONTRIBUTORS 投 稿 者

Peter Duncan SC 鄧樂勤 Review of Sexual Offences Sub-Committee, 性罪行小組檢討委員會主席， Chairman 資深大律師 Mr. Peter Duncan, SC practiced in New Zealand before Peter Duncan SC在紐西蘭執業後於1973 moving to Hong Kong in 1973 to join the Attorney 年到香港加入律政署為檢察官。他然後在 General’s Chambers as Crown Counsel. He then joined 1974年加入剛成立的廉政公署作為其內部 ICAC as one of its in-house counsel shortly after its inception in 1974. In 1983, he joined the Hongkong Land 法律顧問之一。 在1983 年，他加入香港置 Company Limited as Group Legal Manager, and was 地有限公司作為集團法務經理，並於1990 appointed Regional Counsel with Dow Chemical Pacific 年被任命為Dow Chemical Pacific Limited的 Limited in 1990. 區域法律顧問。

Mr. Duncan left the business sector to join the Bar in 1998 Duncan先生離開商界，於1998年加入大律 and was appointed Senior Counsel in 2004. He has since 師行業，在2004年被任命為資深大律師。 developed a substantial practice in criminal law with an 自此，他的執業發展多在刑事方面，重點 emphasis on “white collar” crime. He has also appeared in a number of High Court civil/commercial litigation 是”白領”犯罪。他還在高等法院的多起民 cases and acted as an arbitrator. Mr. Peter Duncan has 事/商業訴訟案件進行訴訟工作，並擔任仲 also sat as a Deputy High Court Judge of the Court of 裁員。 Mr Peter Duncan也是高等法院原訟 First Instance. 法庭的暫委法官。

Kim Rooney 甘婉玲 Gilt Chambers , Arbitrator and Barrister Gilt Chambers 仲裁員及大律師 Kim Rooney is an international arbitrator and barrister, 甘婉玲是國際仲裁員及大律師，也是香港 chairing the Hong Kong Law Reform Commission’s 法律改革委員會的第三方資助仲裁小組 Sub-committee on Third Party Funding for Arbitration. 委員會主席。她在2010年成為大律師之 Before qualifying as a barrister in 2010, she was a partner 前，是偉凱律師事務所的合夥人及為該事 of White & Case LLP, and headed its Hong Kong based 務所以香港為基地之亞洲爭端解決業務的 Asian dispute resolution practice. She is an alternate member of the ICC Court of International Arbitration, 主管。她是國際商會國際仲裁法庭的候補 and a member of the Hong Kong Bar Council (and chair 委員,也是香港大律師公會執行委員會成員 of its Special Committee on International Practice), (為國際業務委員會主席)，擁有香港政府 the Hong Kong Government’s Advisory Committee on 的「仲裁推廣諮詢委員會」及其「法律樞 Promotion of Arbitration in Hong Kong and its Committee 紐空間分配委員會」等會員資格。她是國 on the Provision of Space in the Legal Hub among 際商會刋物:"Guide to the Interpretation other memberships. She is co-author of ICCA’S Guide of the 1958 New York Convention:A to the Interpretation of the 1958 New York Convention: A Handbook for Judges"的合著者及還有其 Handbook For Judges, among other works. 他著作。

8 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • CONTRIBUTORS 投 稿 者

Joyce Chan 陳詩豪 Clyde & Co, Partner 其禮律師行 合夥人 Ms. Chan is a Partner at Clyde & Co with a particular 陳女士是其禮律師行的合夥人，著重保 emphasis on the insurance sector. She advises in 險業。她向金融服務機構和中介機構提 financial services institutions and intermediaries, on a 供範圍廣泛的有關企業、監管和合規事 broad range of corporate, regulatory and compliance 宜的諮詢，其中包括兼併與收購、合資 matters which includes mergers & acquisitions, joint venture, reorganisation work, assets sale and purchase, 企業、重組工作，資產出售和購買、建 establishment of distribution platforms, green field 立分銷平臺，綠色領域許可證、金融產 licensing, authorisation of financial products and 品授權和建立法規遵從性計畫。 establishment of compliance programs. 加入其禮律師行之前，陳女士在保險領 Prior to joining Clyde & Co, Ms. Chan spent more than 域工作了15年，包括私人執業和機構內 15 years in the area of insurance, both in private practice 部法律顧問，帶領在香港地區兩個跨國 and as in-house counsel, leading the legal teams at two multinational insurers in Hong Kong. 保險公司的法律團隊。

Gillian Morrissey Gillian Morrissey Clyde & Co, Registered Foreign Lawyer 其禮律師行 外地註冊律師 Gillian (Gill) Morrissey is a corporate lawyer based in Hong Gillian(Gill)Morrissey是一位駐香港的企業律 Kong specialising in corporate and regulatory insurance. 師，專攻企業和保險監管。她有各種有關 She has experience in advising on various corporate, 香港及歐洲企業、監管和商務與交易的諮 regulatory and commercial matters and transactions in 詢經驗。她是保險公司、再保險公司、中 Hong Kong and Europe. She acts for insurers, reinsurers, intermediaries and acquiring and disposing corporate 介機構與保險界企業收購及出售的法律代 groups in the insurance sector. 表。

Ms. Morrissey joined Clyde & Co Hong Kong in February Morrissey女士在2016年2月加入香港其禮 2016 and has been working in Hong Kong since January 律師行,並自2014年1月以來一直在香港 2014. She currently practices as a Registered Foreign 工作。她目前在香港作為註冊外地律師執 Lawyer in Hong Kong and is pending admission as a 業，通過海外律師資格考試後，正在等待 solicitor in Hong Kong having passed the Overseas Lawyers Qualification Exams. She trained and qualified as a solicitor 獲認許為香港律師。她在愛爾蘭受訓和獲 in Ireland, and is also admitted in England & Wales. 律師資格，也在英格蘭及威爾士獲認許。

Mardi Wilson Mardi Wilson Head of Eversheds Agile, Hong Kong Eversheds Agile, Hong Kong 主管 Mardi Wilson is the Head of Eversheds Agile, Hong Kong, Wilson女士是Eversheds Agile, Hong Kong的 leading the service offering for high quality, interim legal 主管，專門為客戶提供臨時和優質的專業法 professionals in Hong Kong as part of Eversheds Agile 律服務，而這也是業務國際化的Eversheds international expansion of into the Asia market. Agile拓展其亞洲市場業務的其中一部分。

Ms. Wilson has 16 years experience in recruitment and 在員工招聘和人力資源方面，Wilson女士擁 HR and has been with Eversheds since 2010. As Head 有16年的工作經驗，而她本人則是自2010年 of Eversheds Agile, Hong Kong, she is responsible for 開始在Eversheds服務。作為香港Eversheds sourcing and selecting candidates with the right calibre Agile的主管，Wilson女士負責物色和挑選具 and experience to then match these lawyers with short 有適當能力及經驗的法律專業人員，並將他 term opportunities with an outstanding list of clients, 們推薦給在國際和香港聲譽卓著，並且廣為 many clients being household names in the international 人知的 大型企業，讓這些法律專業人士以短 and Hong Kong market. 期性質為該等客戶提供服務。

www.hk-lawyer.org 9 • December 2016

FROM THE COUNCIL TABLE 理事會議題

Consultation on Proposed Enhancements to 有關建議改進持倉限額制度和相應修訂 the Position Limit Regime and the Associated 的諮詢文件 Amendments 證券及期貨事務監察委員會（證監會）於9月發表 The Securities and Futures Commission (“SFC”) launched a 「有關建議改進持倉限額制度和對《證券及期貨(合 consultation in late September on “Proposed Enhancements to the 約限量及須申報的持倉量)規則》及《持倉限額及大 Position Limit Regime and the Associated Amendments to the Securities 額未平倉合約的申報規定指引》作相應修訂的諮詢文 and Futures (Contracts Limits and Reportable Positions) Rules and 件」。 Guidance Note on Position Limits and Large Open Position Reporting Requirements”. 根據現行的持倉限額制度，交易所參與者或其聯繫人 可向證監會申請授權，讓他們對沖為客戶提供服務過 Under the existing position limit regime, an exchange participant or its affiliate may seek authorisation from the SFC to hold or control Hang 程中產生的風險而持有或控制數目超逾法定上限的恒 Seng Index (“HSI”) and Hang Seng China Enterprises (H-shares) Index 生指數及恒生中國企業(H股)指數期貨及期權合約。 futures and options contracts in excess of the statutory limit for the 現時可獲證監會授權持有或控制的超逾限額持倉量上 purposes of hedging risks that arise in the course of providing services 限為法定限額的50%。 to clients. The current cap on the excess that may be authorised by the SFC is 50 percent of the statutory limit. 證監會建議改進上述持倉限額制度，包括將可獲證監 會授權持有或控制的超逾限額持倉量上限，由法定持 The SFC proposed enhancements to the above position limit regime: 倉限額的50%上調至300%。此外，證監會亦為指數 it suggested that, among other things, the cap on the excess position limit that may be authorised by the SFC would increase from 套戥活動、資產管理人及交易所買賣基金的莊家建議 50 percent to 300 percent of the statutory position limit. In addition, 新的超額持倉限額。 new excess position limits were proposed for index arbitrage activities, 證監會稱，建議的改進旨在應付市場參與者的業務需 asset managers and market makers of exchange-traded funds. 要，並鼓勵他們於交易所市場內進行更多衍生工具活 The thinking underlining these proposed enhancements was said to 動。 address market participants’ business needs and to encourage them to conduct more of their derivative activities on exchange markets. 投資產品及金融服務委員會協助理事會審視上述諮詢 文件，律師會普遍同意諮詢文件中提出的諮詢問題或 The Investment Products and Financial Services Committee (the “Committee”) has assisted The Council in reviewing the above 對問題並無特別意見。有關委員會的意見摘要，請瀏 consultation paper. The Law Society generally agreed with or had no 覽律師會的意見書：http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/ particular views on those consultation questions put forward in the pub_e/news/submissions/20161110.pdf。 consultation paper. Those views were summarised in a submission, which could be found at http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/ submissions/20161110.pdf.

10 www.hk-lawyer.org HONG KONG CIVIL PROCEDURE 2017

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www.sweetandmaxwell.com.hk +852 2847 2000 [email protected] • December 2016

Letter to Hong Kong Lawyer 給《 香 港 律 師 》的 信

By Christopher P. Bogart, CEO Burford Capital Welcoming Third Party Funding for 歡迎推動香港引入第三方資助仲 Arbitration to Hong Kong 裁 As a leading global finance firm focused on law and the world’s largest 法律改革委員會(「法改會」)於2016年10月12日發 publicly traded provider of litigation finance, it will come as no surprise 布最後一份關於第三方資助仲裁的報告書，建議香 that Burford Capital welcomes the Law Reform Commission’s 12 October 港開放接受「第三方資助」(亦稱為訴訟融資或訴訟 2016 Final Report on Third Party Funding for Arbitration, recommending a 資助)；作為在全球位居前列的融資公司，專注於法 new openness to “third party funding” (also known as litigation finance or 律領域，並且上市公司中規模最大的訴訟資金提供 litigation funding) in Hong Kong. 者，Burford Capital歡迎法改會的報告書乃屬意料中 Burford’s own experience proves that there is significant client demand in 事。 Hong Kong for outside capital to cover the extraordinary cost of commercial Burford從其本身的經歷體會到，香港有很多商業訴 litigation and arbitration. A meaningful number of commercial users of dispute resolution want or need to access external capital. This trend 訟和仲裁當事人需要資金應付巨額費用，因此對外界 is driven by the unceasing rise in litigation cost, ever-growing litigation 資金存在很大的客戶需求。爭議解決機制的商業使用 volumes and enhanced corporate sensitivity to incurring legal expense. 者中，有不少希望或需要得到外來資金。這種趨勢的 Moreover, corporations around the world are increasingly recognising that 動力源於不斷上漲的訴訟費，有增無減的訴訟個案， litigation and arbitration claims are valuable corporate assets, just like any 以及企業對法律開支更高的敏感度。此外，全球各地 other contingent receivable, and are capable of underpinning corporate 企業漸漸認識到訴訟和仲裁申索是具有價值的企業資 financing activity. A move toward third-party funding in Hong Kong enables 產，就像任何其他或有應收款一樣，能夠支持企業融 this clear business need to be met. 資活動。香港引入第三方資助能使這種明顯的企業需 Hong Kong’s move toward openness to third party funding will also help 要有機會得到滿足。 to ensure that it keeps pace with competing arbitration centres around the world, among them Singapore, which has very recently introduced 在香港推動第三方資助仲裁，亦有助確保香港保持與 legislation to open the door to litigation finance. Indeed, as the Final 全球相互競爭的仲裁中心步伐一致，其中新加坡不 Report asserts, “proposed reforms are necessary to enhance Hong Kong’s 久前已經推出法例，打開通往訴訟融資的大門。事實 competitive position as an international arbitration centre”. Billions of 上，正如最後報告書所言：「有關建議改革旨在加強 dollars of external capital have already flowed to arbitration centres 香港作為國際仲裁中心的競爭力。」現時已經有數十 like London and New York. Hong Kong has heretofore persisted as a 億外來資金流入倫敦和紐約等仲裁中心。香港迄今仍 noticeable outlier among sophisticated legal and capital markets centres in 然給商業訴訟和仲裁融資施加諸多限制，明顯偏離成 maintaining significant restrictions on commercial litigation and arbitration finance. By failing to remove barriers to its use, Hong Kong has already 熟的法律和資本市場的做法。由於未有消除使用融資 fallen behind other such centres and is continuing to see its position erode. 的障礙，香港早已落後於其他這一類中心，甚至地位 正在不斷被削弱。 The recommendations of the Final Report will help address Hong Kong’s competitive gap with other arbitration centres – but we would go further. 最後報告書的建議將幫助消除香港與其他仲裁中心在 Hong Kong should not only follow the Final Report’s recommendation to 競爭優勢上的差距――但我們想得更遠一點。香港不 remove any ambiguity and explicitly allow the use of litigation finance in 應只是跟隨最後報告書的建議，釐清含糊之處，明確 arbitration, but it should also expand the sanctioned use of litigation finance 准許利用訴訟融資為仲裁提供資金，還應在整體上擴 generally, including in commercial litigation. 大批准使用訴訟融資的範圍，包括用於商業訴訟。

12 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • LETTER TO HONG KONG LAWYER 給《 香 港 律 師 》的 信

As Hong Kong opens to third party funding of arbitration, we would also 當香港考慮接受第三方資助仲裁的時候，我們亦提出告 caution against the adoption of an unduly regulatory environment, which 誡：慎防監管過度嚴苛以致阻礙資金流動，削弱香港相 would discourage capital flows and disadvantage Hong Kong relative to 對於其他仲裁中心的優勢。Burford面對的資金需求已 other centres. Burford already faces far more demand for its capital than 經遠高於其現時可動用的資本。過度監管或干預第三方 it has capital available. Adopting an unduly regulatory or interventionist 資助不能解決香港現時的問題，企業不情願來港營商的 approach to third party funding will not solve the current disinclination 情況只會繼續下去。除了國際商會、倫敦國際仲裁院、 to do business in Hong Kong and will simply leave the status quo in place. Third party funding has enjoyed widespread adoption in the 國際投資爭端解決中心、常設仲裁法院、美國仲裁協會 major English-language common law jurisdictions such as the United 等機構進行的國際仲裁外，第三方資助也在主要的普通 States and the United Kingdom, as well as in international arbitrations 法司法管轄區，例如美國和英國等英語國家，獲得廣泛 conducted by institutions such as the ICC, LCIA, ICSID, PCA, AAA and 採用。因此，要是香港僅僅給訴訟融資打開一線門縫， others. Thus, if Hong Kong merely opens the door a crack to litigation 卻又要求施行苛刻兼具干擾性的監管措施，所得的結果 finance but seeks an onerous and intrusive regulatory regime, it will 只會與完全不進行改革沒有多大分別。 achieve much the same result as if it had not engaged in any reform at all. 此外，如果要施行規定，Burford強烈反對基於資金提 供者的身份或業務範圍，而不是所進行的活動或功能作 Moreover, if any regulation is to occur, Burford strongly objects to the concept that regulation is appropriate based on the identity or line of 出監管是合宜的做法。自稱為「第三方出資者」的公司 business of the capital provider as opposed to the activity or function 所受的監管不應有別於保險公司或對沖基金所受的監 being carried out. A company that calls itself a “third party funder” 管；後者為仲裁提供外來資金的工作在本質上完全一 should not be regulated differently than an insurance company or hedge 樣。提供資金支持訴訟事宜的對沖基金或私募股權基金 fund that does essentially the same thing in providing external capital to 或承保人――不論以甚麽形式交易――都是「資助人」 arbitration. A hedge or private equity fund or an insurer providing capital ，必須受到一樣的監管。另行以其他形式進行監管既不 in support of a litigation matter – in whatever form of transaction – must 公平，也不公正。 be subject to the same regulation as a “funder”. To proceed otherwise would be unfair and discriminatory. 另一個香港需要小心處理的是有關不利費用的問題。訴 The other issue Hong Kong needs to approach cautiously relates to 訟出資者是資金提供者；他們著眼於每年回報率。為別 adverse costs. Litigation funders are capital providers; they focus on 人承擔風險不是免費的。如果訴訟出資者需要就不利費 annualised returns. Taking on others’ risk isn’t free. If litigation funders 用承擔法律責任，出資者必然會調高價格，使得起初因 become liable for adverse costs, their prices will increase, reversing some 為憑借它們尋求公義而得到的收益被打了折扣。在英 of the access to justice gains sought by having them in existence in the 國，解決這種情況的方法是投購訴訟費用保險；訴訟出 first place. The way that position is managed in the UK is through the 資者堅持認為，投購這類保險可以為有可能被判給不利 availability of litigation cost insurance; litigation funders insist that their 費用的客戶和出資者提供保障；保險費用雖然昂貴，但 clients purchase such insurance to protect both the client and the funder 明顯低於出資者因為承擔同一程度風險而收取的費用( from a potential award of adverse costs, and the price of the insurance, while expensive, is considerably lower than funders would charge for 承保人的資金成本較出資者的低)。然而，香港沒有類 assuming the same level of risk (as insurers have a lower cost of capital 似並且穩健的訴訟保險市場，即是說，把不利費用的風 than funders). However, there is not a comparable robust litigation 險加諸出資者身上，最終只會令申索人被收取高昂費 insurance market in Hong Kong, which means that pushing the risk of 用。被告人可能喜歡這樣的結果，被告人大律師為此游 adverse costs onto funders will ultimately come at a very high price to 說爭取也不足為奇，不過這畢竟不是好事。 claimants. Defendants may like that result, and it is not surprising that defence counsel lobby for it, but it is bad policy. 綜觀以上所言，令我們感到振奮的是，最後報告書建議 在為期三年的初段期間，採用「輕力度 All of that said, we are heartened by the Final Report’s recommendation of a “light touch” approach to the regulation of third party funding of 模式規管在香港進行的第三方資助仲裁。我們極力主張 arbitration in Hong Kong for an initial period of three years, and we urge 這個模式在以後日子成為一種更為持久的態度。不過凡 that this approach become a more permanent stance thereafter. But the 事貴乎實踐，第三方資助仲裁的發生需要以全球資本市 implementation will be important, and needs to happen in the context of 場作為背景，不是彈丸之地的法律制度。n a global capital market, not a parochial legal system. n

www.hk-lawyer.org 13 • December 2016

FROM THE SECRETARIAT 律師會秘書處資訊

Ms. Heidi Chu, Secretary General 秘書長朱潔冰律師

Breaking the Glass Ceiling 衝破無形障礙 Although men and women are not equally distributed around the 雖然全球男女人口分佈並不平均，但兩性比例基 globe, they are more or less evenly split in number. According to the 本上還是均等的。根據聯合國2015年的估計，每 2015 estimates by the United Nations, there are 101.8 men for every 100 100名女性便有101.8名男性。 women. The latest published data by the Census and Statistics Department show 政府統計處最新公佈的數據顯示，香港人口 that 54 percent of Hong Kong’s population is female. The ratio of male to 有 54%為女性。男女比例在過去十年持續下 female has decreased continuously over the past decade. In 2015, there 降。2005年，每1,000名女性有979名男性，但到 were 931 males in every 1,000 females, compared to the ratio of 979 to 了2015年，每1,000名女性只有931名男性。 1,000 in 2005. 因此之故，女性佔世界人才庫總數接近一半，在 It follows that out of the human talent pool, women take up nearly half of the world’s total and in the context of Hong Kong, more than half. 香港更超過一半。所以，確保人才庫的健康發展 Ensuring the healthy development and appropriate use of this talent pool 和適當使用，對一個經濟體的增長、競爭力和未 therefore has a vital bearing in the growth, competitiveness and future 來準備至關重要。 readiness of an economy. 性別主流化指在任何領域及層次把性別觀點和需 Gender mainstreaming, the integration of gender perspectives and 要納入立法、政策或計劃，聯合國自90年代中已 needs in legislation, policies or programmes, in any area and at all levels, has been established as a major global strategy for the promotion of 以此作為促進兩性平等的重要全球策略。香港政 gender equality by the United Nations since the mid 1990s. The Hong 府已採取措施支持這項策略。例如，自2004年 Kong Government has also taken measures in support of this strategy. 起，政府已開始對諮詢和法定機構委任的非官方 For instance, the Government has applied a “gender benchmark” to 成員採用25%「性別基準」。截至2016年6月， appointed non-official members of advisory and statutory bodies since 諮詢和法定機構政府委任的非官方成員中，女性 2004. The benchmark then was 25 percent. As of June 2016, 31.7 percent 佔31.7%。 of government appointed non-official members in advisory and statutory bodies were women. 在香港律師行中，女性的比例在不同階段有所不 Within Hong Kong’s solicitors’ branch, the proportion of women varies at 同：女性在實習律師中佔60%，助理律師中佔 different stages – women made up 60 percent of trainee solicitors, 59 59%，顧問中佔36%，合夥人中佔27%(數據截至 percent of assistant solicitors, 36 percent of consultants and 27 percent of 2016年11月17日)。 partners (data as of 17 November 2016). 這些數字令人對女性在行業的保留和晉升提出疑 These figures raise questions about the retention and advancement of women in the profession. Sixty percent of those entering the legal 問。進入法律界的人之中，有60%為女性，然而 profession are women, yet only 27 percent of partners are female. This 僅27%的合夥人為女性。這種性別參與模式在過 pattern of gender participation repeated itself with little change over 去十年幾乎毫無變化。2005年及2015年女性實 the past decade. The female trainee to female partner ratios were 67 習律師對女性合夥人的比例分別為67%對22%及 percent to 22 percent and 60 percent to 21 percent in 2005 and 2015, 60%對21%。 respectively. Some attribute the low retention of women talent at senior levels to 有人把高層女性人才保留率低，歸咎於擔任領導 the additional stress required of those taking on leadership roles, which 職務帶來的額外壓力，需要全身投入，隨時隨地 require one to be fully committed and available anytime, anywhere. The 工作。到外地工幹、晚上參加業務發展活動、徹

14 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • FROM THE SECRETARIAT 律 師 會 秘 書 處 資 訊

demands of work travel, attending evening business development events and 夜處理緊急任務等要求，對女性的挑戰可能更大，尤 rushing through late night urgent assignments can pose greater challenges 其是對已為人母的婦女更甚。未能抽身一般被視為對 to women, typically those with children. Being unavailable is generally seen 工作較不投入，因而限制事業升遷的機會。 as being less committed and limits career advancement opportunities. Firms invest heavily in human capital and incur substantial costs in 律師行大力投資於人力資本，在招聘、教育和培訓員 recruitment, education and training of their employees. However, these 工方面開支龐大。然而，倘若律師行未能挽留員工， investments are futile if firms fail to retain their employees. Further, apart 這些投資卻是徒然。此外，除了專業知識，女性亦為 from professional knowledge, women bring a unique skill set and perspective 領導職位帶來獨特的技能和視角，有助豐富律師行的 to leadership roles and can help enrich a firm’s communication and servicing 溝通和服務風格，擴大客戶群。 styles and expand its client base. An increasing amount of attention has been placed on work-life balance. 工作與生活平衡越來越受重視。對傳統上以壓力大見 This is a welcoming trend for professions traditionally known to be stressful. 稱的專業，這是一個受歡迎的趨勢。也許在這方面的 Perhaps, the efforts can go further and encourage a gender neutral approach 努力可更進一步，鼓勵採取性別中立方式，使得推動 so that policies promoting work-life balance, such as parental leave and 工作與生活平衡的政策，例如親職假及彈性工作安排 flexible working arrangements, are made to appeal not only to women, but 等，不僅吸引女性，亦吸引所有人。 to all. 改變的第一步是意識。進入法律界的新人大多數是 The first step towards change is awareness. With the majority of new entrants to the profession being women, it is important that this talent pool 女性，留住這個人才庫，將之充分用於行業的健康 is retained and fully utilised for the healthy development of our profession. 發展，至關重要。希望更多律師行會制定性別多元政 Hopefully, more law firms will have gender diversity policies that are not only 策，但不要只是紙上談兵，而是要付諸實踐。 written down, but are actually put into practice.

No reminders for December except warmest wishes from the Secretariat of joy, health and prosperity to all readers in the year to come!

律師會秘書處本月送上溫馨祝福。謹此祝願讀者新一 年生活愉快，身體健康，事業欣欣向榮！

Monthly Statistics on the Profession 業界每月統計資料 (updated as of 31 October 2016): (截至2016年10月31日)： Members (with or without practising certificate) 10,253 會員(持有或不持有執業證書) 10,253 Members with practising certificate 8,985 持有執業證書的會員 8,985 (out of whom, 6,673 (74%) are in private practice) (當中有6,673位 (74%) 是私人執業) Trainee Solicitors 793 實習律師 793 Registered foreign lawyers 1,349 註冊外地律師 1,349 (from 31 jurisdictions) (來自31個司法管轄區) Hong Kong law firms 869 (48% are sole proprietorships and 香港律師行 869 (獨資經營佔48%，2至5名合夥人的 41% are firms with 2 to 5 partners, 10 are limited liability 律師行佔41%，10間為按照《法律執業者條例》 partnerships formed pursuant to the Legal Practitioners Ordinance) 組成的有限法律責任合夥律師行) Registered foreign law firms 80 (9 are limited liability partnerships formed 註冊外地律師行 80 (9間為按照《法律執業者條例》 pursuant to the Legal Practitioners Ordinance) 組成的有限法律責任合夥律師行) Civil Celebrants 2,065 婚姻監禮人 2,065 Reverse Mortgage Counsellors 445 安老按揭輔導法律顧問 445 Solicitor Advocates 48 訟辯律師 48 (43 in civil proceedings, 5 in criminal proceedings) (民事程序：43位，刑事程序：5位) Student Members 294 學生會員 294 Registered Associations between Hong Kong law firms and 35 香港律師行與外地律師行 35 registered foreign law firms (including Mainland law firms) (包括內地律師行)在香港聯營

www.hk-lawyer.org 15 • December 2016

Face to Face with Lilian Chiang Elaine Lo Senior Partner, Deacons Partner, Head of China Practice, Mayer Brown JSM

By Cynthia G. Claytor

Two prominent female practitioners from two of Hong Kong’s oldest law firms speak about their careers, gender diversity issues, and how Brexit and the US Presidential election results may impact local and regional markets.

16 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • COVER STORY 封 面 專 題

firm places value on different gender, faith, age, race and sexual orientation Lilian Chiang which we believe are some of the visible Senior Partner, Deacons and invisible differences that make our people unique. How have you built such a What are some of the biggest Overall, maintaining diversity within law successful practice? challenges you have faced firms is vital because we are practising in It was my good fortune to have joined throughout your career? How did a cosmopolitan business environment. Deacons. Although conveyancing you overcome them? was not my first choice, it was the Occasionally, clients can be What advice would you give to first department I was allocated to unreasonable. It’s a challenge to junior lawyers? as a trainee. I initially wanted to be a manage their expectations and it’s not Integrity; if you are asked to do litigator because resolving conflicts has easy. I always practise open and direct something which will compromise always appealed to me. But I was never communication. It’s better to be upfront your integrity even when you are under rotated out of the property department, and achieve your task properly rather pressure, don’t do it. It is not easy so I have been a property lawyer ever than take short-cuts. Conveyancing has because sometimes your clients can be since. Throughout the years, however, become an extremely competitive area incredibly demanding and occasionally I continue to read and update myself after scale fees were abolished but we unreasonable. on other areas of law as the property don’t compromise our standard or the Of course, I also can’t over-emphasise practice is a highly technical area which quality of our work for revenue. the importance of perseverance and requires a very strong grounding in Also we have had to deal with the hard work. contract law, commercial law, trust, tort, fluctuating economic situation, but tax, and even criminal law. What do you think are the most that’s where the breadth and depth of pressing issues facing the legal I have partially built my practice through our property practice and the diversity of profession in Hong Kong? wide exposure. For more than 35 years, work at Deacons helps. For example I’ve had the opportunity to handle a when the secondary transaction Hong Kong has an extraordinarily wide range of property-related matters. market is down, we still vibrant and competitive legal The work has ranged from development have project development, industry. projects, town planning and zoning, regulatory advisory and For conveyancing in Hong Kong, sale and purchase transactions, joint tenancy work. one of the most pressing issues ventures, real estate finance, real estate is the lack of new blood. It is not How do you view gender management, real estate tax, regulatory a popular discipline for new diversity-related advice or landlord and tenant matters. qualifiers and there aren’t issues in Hong But what I enjoy doing most is advisory many lawyers entering Kong’s legal work. There is always a different and the property practice market? interesting problem to solve. these days because the In terms of Relationships have also greatly mattered, competition for fees is challenges, some and I really enjoy interacting with clients. fierce. Conveyancing female lawyers Helping them find solutions and solving is also not an easy with families may their problems is very satisfying and practice as you need find it hard to cope over the years, many of my clients have to have a wide breath with the demand of become my personal friends. of knowledge to be an long working hours. effective conveyancing Lastly, I would say that building a Deacons offers flexible lawyer. The conveyancing successful practice is also based on drive. working arrangements practice in Hong Kong I have a real passion for my work and I in this regard. has seen the most do not enjoy being idle. Work gives me a When recruiting significant claims sense of purpose. Many things in life are talent, I always look and the size of the beyond your control. Work is a “constant” at their suitability and transactions leaves no in the sense that you can see the result of qualifications. The room for error. hard work.

www.hk-lawyer.org 17 • December 2016

up Christies to obtain a valuation. The implementation of the e-stamping system by the Stamp Office has Another memorable deal was facilitated in completing the stamping when I was handling the sale by of documents. This is particularly receiver of a property at Severn important for handling project sales as Road at the Peak. I was asked to a large number of sale and purchase inspect the site and found a house agreements need to be stamped and full of paintings and a tiger head submitted for land registration within a and skins. One entire wall was short period of time. comprised just of a painting and I was asked to decide whether it The implementation of the e-filing was a genuine piece and how to system will save storage space and deal with it in the tender process. hence warehouse rental expenses. Files will also be secure from risk of What are the biggest destruction by fire. I have recommended changes you have seen in that the firm explore this system. your practice area over the course of your career? On the other hand, advanced technology has also facilitated the perpetuation of In the past, deals were more fraud in conveyancing transactions (such straight forward; most of them as the production of fake title deeds and were simply the sale and purchase identification documents). We have to be of properties. more cautious in accepting instructions For the profession as a whole, the Now deals are more much complex. from new clients and keep ourselves commoditisation of many areas of work Matters may involve joint ventures or the updated with regard to the latest is driving fees down. sale and purchase of company shares development of fraud cases. The firm for acquisition of properties with several Also worth nothing is that PRC firms are takes cyber-security very seriously and layers of companies. These involve increasingly establishing themselves it is an issue that all law firms should be different issues such as tax, accounting, in Hong Kong. But looking in the other concerned about. title, construction, town planning and direction, we are not on equal footing in I think that in the longer term, there government policies etc. terms of practising Chinese law in the are some areas of legal services which PRC. The deal size is also much larger as lawyers have traditionally provided (eg, many transactions are over HK$1 billion. What is the most interesting deal some aspects of IPO) which a machine you have ever closed? How is technology impacting will eventually replace. There have been many memorable deals your practice area? How is your I am of the view that although artificial over the years but a few in particular firm preparing for the future? intelligence may assist in significant and stand out. The first is the purported sale The biggest impact has been the meaningful ways to a solicitor’ practice, of the Grand Hyatt hotel in Tsim Sha introduction of blackberries. Clients can they are not able to fully (or ever will Tsui. It attracted a lot of media attention now access you at any time, be it day or be able) replace the value of a skilled because it was after SARS. On the day night, 24 hours a day. We can now work solicitor in many areas which involve we opened the bid, there was a huge on client matters using a computer at intuition, sound judgement and strategic turnout of uninvited press. I had to home or even during an overseas trip; application of the law to resolving unexpectedly and suddenly deal with it in this has been a big change. conflicts and creating solutions. a low key manner. Other developments have included I believe that our future success will lie in I also had to deal with unusual requests; a growing database (both local and our ability to identify the areas in which during the course of preparing for that overseas) of judgements and law we can be replaced and those which we tender, we discovered that in the Grand resources, which as a tool has facilitated cannot be replaced. Our aim is to adjust Hyatt restaurant, Hugo, there was a research in a more cost and time our business models to make use of decorative suit of armour. The client efficient manner. It also has resulted in technological advances and at the same wished to confirm as to whether or not it document automation. time promote the areas which artificial was a genuine antique and I had to ring intelligence is not able to provide.

18 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • COVER STORY 封 面 專 題

How do you think Brexit and the US Presidential election results will impact Hong Kong property Elaine Lo markets? Partner, Head of China Practice, Mayer Brown JSM After Brexit, sterling has significantly How have you built such a transformational event that served as depreciated. The Hong Kong dollar, successful practice? a catalyst to open up China’s banking, which is pegged to the US dollar, has No one joins a law firm at the tender age insurance, utilities and other regulated become very expensive to overseas of 24 expecting to be the head of that industries. Clients started to make buyers. This is now compounded with firm 28 years later. I consider myself an landmark acquisitions. I led the legal the problem of an increased AVD rate. extremely lucky person to have had the team to advise Hang Seng Bank on its Hong Kong property has become too opportunity to do the things I have done. acquisition of a pre-IPO interest in the expensive for everyone, perhaps with I joined Mayer Brown JSM (then known Industrial Bank Co. Ltd. Other M&A the exception of mainland Chinese as Johnson Stokes & Master or JSM) as deals I led included helping a Hong Kong buyers. a trainee in 1979 when China started utility company in their acquisition of As regards Trump winning the opening its economy to the outside a substantial interest in Shenzhen Gas election, the effect remains to be world. The country needed capital and Group, and assisting HSBC with the seen. What I will say is that, due to investment to rebuild its infrastructure formation of a life insurance joint venture globalisation, the world is much and manufacturing industries after the in Shanghai. smaller than before. It will definitely decade old Cultural Revolution. As a Mainland China was the common impact Hong Kong. If Trump follows junior lawyer in the early part of 1980s, thread that went through all the deals through on his presidential campaign I was involved in many infrastructure I handled throughout my career. I rhetoric on unfair trade practices and projects, helping clients to invest in and have been privileged to witness the implements protectionist measures, finance ports, toll roads, bridges and growth of our clients’ business in many it will be detrimental to Hong Kong power plants in mainland China. The sectors in mainland China, and I am economically. Hong Kong is very high point of my career arrived in 1987 grateful for having played a small part dependent on exports. If a trade war when the firm sent me to set up an office in strengthening Hong Kong’s role as a develops, Hong Kong which is the in Beijing. This is the first office that JSM gateway to and out of mainland China world’s freest economy will suffer, and established outside Hong Kong. during the past 35 years. the property market will be affected. China’s accession to the World Trade I was elected the first woman Senior The gain in strength of the US dollar Organization (“WTO”) in 2001 was a Partner of JSM in 2007. I took on the after the election will also exert pressure on the Hong Kong housing market. Anything else you would like to share? I consider myself to be very fortunate because I never planned to be where I am now. It never worked that way for me. Life takes its own turns. I just consistently give my best effort and work hard. When I look back, I can see that the practice of law has enriched my life in many ways. I’ve come across lots of remarkable people and interesting cases.

www.hk-lawyer.org 19 • December 2016

role of leading one of Asia’s biggest law them on such a strategically important firm, and would also be most beneficial firms with eagerness and excitement, transaction that changed the fabric of to our firm’s clients. It is this belief that but also a fair amount of trepidation. our partnership forever. Overcoming motivated me to think creatively and find There were many challenges facing the challenges of transforming and solutions to remove all obstacles leading the firm at that time. Globalisation had transitioning JSM into a part of a global up to the combination with Mayer Brown. already become an irrevocable trend law practice requires conviction and How do you view gender as we witnessed many of our clients steadfastness. Most of all, I had to diversity-related issues in Hong becoming multi-national organisations. believe that I was leading my firm in Kong’s legal market? Our mainland Chinese clients were the right direction. Never once did I also rapidly expanding their operations doubt that such transformation would In Hong Kong, there is an interesting outside Asia. JSM was still a Hong produce enormous opportunities for phenomenon that while two-thirds of Kong-based law firm, and we had the future generations of lawyers in our the new entrants to the profession are limited capabilities to provide services female lawyers, only a small proportion to clients who were expanding rapidly of them attain partner status in the in the United States and Europe. My private practice. Although awareness partners and I decided that we needed of gender diversity issues has been to transform our firm from a Hong increasing in Hong Kong’s legal market, Kong-based regional law practice into it is difficult to overcome some of the an international law firm with a global biggest challenges which impede female network in order to better serve our lawyers’ progression to leadership clients. positions. One significant challenge is to remove the unconscious bias which I led my firm’s negotiations with Mayer impacts decision making regarding Brown and, within three months of allocation of work assignments, assuming the position of Senior Partner, performance appraisals and promotions. the merger with Mayer Brown was Providing training to law firm leaders is completed. We became part of Mayer a first step to helping them understand Brown in January 2008 and changed their subconscious biases and how to our name to “Mayer Brown JSM”. prevent such biases from influencing What is the biggest professional their decisions. challenge you have faced as a Other ways to remove barriers to female lawyer? lawyers’ advancement is by adopting One of the biggest (if not the biggest) a consistent, prejudice free approach challenge I faced in my career was to recruiting, retention and promotion negotiating a merger for my firm with practices. Conscious efforts should a US based law firm. I had to assume be made to mentor women lawyers, the role of strategic adviser to my 50 provide opportunities for them to achieve equity partners, whose interests and professional and personal growth, and concerns varied depending on the encourage them to showcase their nature of their practice, their seniority achievements within the organisation. in the partnership, and their perception What do you think are the most of the legal market. I had to ensure that pressing issues facing the legal my partners’ concerns were adequately profession in Hong Kong? addressed and their interests protected. Fortunately, I had the advice of a few The most pressing issues include partners whose vision and strategy (1) identifying growth opportunities were the same as mine, and I also – where are these likely to come received encouragement and support from for law firms operating in a very from many others. To this date, I am competitive jurisdiction like Hong Kong, grateful to my partners for vesting their (2) determining how to meet increasing trust and confidence in me to represent client demands for more efficient delivery

20 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • COVER STORY 封 面 專 題

of legal services – these demands have accommodating these young lawyers’ (1) re-negotiating NAFTA, (2) imposing resulted in huge fee pressures for Hong wish to have more balance between significant new tariffs on imports from Kong firms, (3) finding ways to satisfy the work and family commitments or China, and (3) scrapping the Trans- aspirations of the younger generation of personal development activities. Pacific Partnership (“TPP”) trade lawyers who enter the profession now, agreement. While China is not presently How do you think Brexit and the and their desire for work-life balance. included in the TPP, it has laid out its US Presidential election results own alternative vision for regional trade, Hong Kong is Asia’s pre-eminent will impact Chinese markets? called the Regional Comprehensive international financial centre, and has Your practice? been the most important conduit for Economic Partnership (“RCEP”) which President Xi Jinping’s state visit to capital to flow into and out of China. does not include the US. the UK last year (which witnessed the Hong Kong law firms have benefited President-elect Trump has also just signing of US$60 billion in trade deals) from mainland China’s economic growth unveiled his plan for his first 100 days was heralded as opening a “golden over the past 35 years. But competition in office, including proposals related to era” in China-UK economic, political in every segment of the legal market immigration, trade deals and defence and trade relations that would infuse has been intensifying, and continuing policies. Based on this, we can expect to dynamism into the European economy. to achieve growth in revenue and hear more about the negative impact of The UK referendum result came as a profitability is a major challenge for every globalisation, outsourcing and offshore shock since it could cause Beijing to lose law firm. production, anti-competitive behaviour, its strategic access to Europe through currency manipulation, cybersecurity, Many clients now have big corporate Britain. In addition, Beijing may also and acquisitions or investments that law departments that manage projects lose a key ally that has been pushing for threaten US national security. It would farmed out to external counsels. The completion of an EU-China trade deal, therefore not be surprising if the General Counsels of these in-house as well as for China to gain “market Trump administration were to focus on departments demand high quality, cost economy status”. effective legal service delivered on time legislative and regulatory measures However, Brexit may not be all bad and at predictable prices. Capped fee to curb these perceived threats. Such news. The UK will need a major free and other alternate fee arrangements policies will disrupt the flow of capital, trade partner after it leaves the EU, and are now the norm for charging legal goods and investments between China appears to be a perfect fit. A trade services in Hong Kong. Some General China and the US, and new barriers to deal between China and the UK could Counsel of multi-national companies market access may be erected. These be used by each country as leverage to even require their external legal adviser developments are bound to adversely negotiate with the EU. Brexit’s impact to disaggregate a large complex project impact Chinese companies planning to on China will not be significant even into different types of activities, and to make acquisitions in or export products if the UK loses its ability to “passport” outsource the more process-orientated to the US, as well as US companies that its services to the EU since China has have manufacturing and R&D facilities activities (such as due diligence, not been using the UK to access the inside mainland China. document review, legal research) to a EU market, and every financial centre lower cost service provider. Whether a The results of both the UK referendum in Continental Europe will welcome law firm is able to meet the demands of and the US election have created a lot Chinese investment. Furthermore, it its most important clients will determine of uncertainty for our clients. While has been reported that the plans of whether that law firm can sustain its a wide spectrum of risks will surface, all major Chinese banks to expand growth and continue to prosper in the accompanied by ensuing regulatory their operations in London will not be next decade. and legislative repercussions, there are affected by Brexit, and that China’s also opportunities to be tapped. We Succession planning is important for outward foreign direct investments into look forward to continuing to advise our the long term survival of a law firm, the UK may well increase as Chinese clients on their business strategies and and every law firm is concerned with companies take advantage of the helping them to adapt to an uncertain retaining its talent. A common challenge weaker Pound Sterling. regulatory environment. n that law firm managing partners face Turning to the US situation, President- today is how to demonstrate to their elect Trump has won his campaign on firm’s junior lawyers that there are a platform heavy on anti-globalisation ample opportunities for career growth and fair trade rhetoric. He listed three within their firm, while at the same time specific priorities, namely

www.hk-lawyer.org 21 • December 2016

專 訪 來自香港兩間歷史最悠久律師行的兩位傑出女性律師， 詳談她們的事業、性別多元，以及英國脫歐和美國大選 可如何影響本地及地區市場。

蔣瑞福 的近律師行 首席合夥人

羅婉文 孖士打律師行 合夥人， 中國業務主管

作者 Cynthia G. Claytor

物業管理、物業稅、規管諮詢或租賃事 此外，我們亦必須面對波動的經濟情況， 蔣瑞福 宜。但我最享受做諮詢工作。總有不同而 這點我們執業的廣度和深度，以及的近律 有趣的問題等待解決。 師行業務的多元化很有幫助。例如，當二 的近律師行 首席合夥人 手交易市場下跌時，我們仍有項目開發、 關係也很重要，我享受與客戶互動，幫助 監管諮詢和租賃工作在手。 他們找出方法解決問題，很有滿足感。多 你如何建立如此成功的執業？ 年來，我與許多客戶建立了友誼。 我有幸加入了的近律師行。雖然物業轉易 你如何看待香港法律市場的性別多 最後，我會說建立成功的執業也基於推動 並非我的首選，但那是我當實習律師時被 元議題？ 力。我對工作擁有真正的熱情，我不喜歡 分派的第一個部門。最初我想當訴訟律 在挑戰方面，有些女性律師可能覺得時間 無所事事。工作給我一種使命感。生活中 師，因為解決衝突一直很吸引我。但我從 工作長，難以兼顧家庭。的近律師行在這 許多事都不在控制之內，而工作是「恆久 來沒被調離物業部門，所以我一直當物 方面提供靈活的工作安排。 不變的」，因為努力不懈就可看到成果。 業律師。不過，多年來我繼續進修其他法 在招聘人才時，我會考慮應徵者的合適度 律領域，更新知識，因為物業是一個高技 作為律師，你遇過最大的專業挑戰 和資歷。律師行重視不同性別、信仰、年 術的領域，在合同法、商業法、信託、侵 是什麼？ 齡、種族和性取向，我們認為這些可見 權、稅務甚至刑事法方面，都需要很強的 及不可見的差異，才使我們每個人獨一無 客戶偶爾或會不講理。管理他們的期望是 根基。 二。 種挑戰，殊不容易。我經常練習開放而直 我建立的執業部份有賴於廣闊的閱歷。超 接地溝通。直接坦率、正確地完成任務， 總的來說，保持律師行的多元化至關 過35年來，我有機會處理各種與物業有 總比走捷徑好。取消定額收費後，物業轉 重要，因為我們在國際化的商業環境 關的事務，包括發展項目、城市規劃和分 易的競爭變得極為激烈，但我們不會降低 中營運。 區、買賣交易、合資企業、房地產金融、 工作水準或質素來換取收入。

22 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • COVER STORY 封 面 專 題

你會給年輕律師什麼建議？ 另一宗難忘的交易，是山頂施勳道一項 其他發展包括法庭判決和法律資源數據 誠信。如果你被要求做一些會損害誠信 物業由接收人出售。我被要求檢查該物 庫(本地及海外)日益增加，這種工具使得 的事，即使受到壓力也不為之。這不容 業，發現屋內充滿繪畫、虎頭和虎皮。 研究能以更具成本和時間效益的方式進 易，因為有時客戶要求可能很高，甚至 有一面牆完全被一幅畫作覆蓋，我被要 行，亦導致了文檔自動化。 求決定該幅畫作是否真跡，及在招標過 不合理。 印花稅署推出電子印花系統，方便完成 程中如何處理它。 當然，我必須再三強調堅持和努力的 文件印花工作。這對處理項目出售尤其 重要性。 在事業生涯中，你看到執業領域中 重要，因為大量買賣協議需要在短時間 最大的變化是什麼？ 內加蓋印花及提交土地登記。 你認為香港法律界面對最迫切的問 過去的交易較直接，大部分是簡單的物 電子存檔系統節省存儲空間，從而節省 題是什麼？ 業買賣。 倉庫租金，還可防止檔案受火災毀壞。 香港的法律界非常活躍而具競爭力。 我曾建議律師行探討使用這個系統。 現在交易更複雜，可能涉及合資企業或 對於香港的物業轉易界，最迫切的問題 買賣公司股份以收購多層公司的物業。 另一方面，科技先進也促使了轉易交易 之一是缺乏新血。對新入行律師來說， 這些涉及不同的問題，如稅務、會計、 中斯詐行為的持續存在(例如偽造地契和 這不是一個熱門的領域，投身的律師不 所有權、建築、城市規劃和政府政策 身份證明文件)。我們接受新客戶指示時 多，因為現時收費的競爭十分激烈。物 等。 必須更謹慎，隨時更新有關斯詐案件的 業轉易也不是一個容易的執業領域，因 最新發展。律師行十分重視網絡安全， 交易規模也大得多，許多交易超過10億 為需要擁有廣泛的知識，才能成為高效 這是所有律師行都應該關注的問題。 的物業轉易律師。香港的物業轉易領域 港元。 我認為，一些傳統上由律師提供的法律 經歷過最巨大的申索，交易規模也沒有 科技如何影響你的執業領域？你的 服務(如IPO的某些方面)，長遠來說最終 錯誤餘地。 律師行如何為未來做好準備？ 會由機器取代。 對於整個行業來說，許多領域的工作商 黑莓智能手機的推出影響最大。客戶可 我認為雖然人工智能或可大大幫助律師 品化，亦降低了律師收費。 24小時隨時聯絡你。我們現在可在家 的執業，但不能完全(或將永遠不能)取代 同樣值得一提，中國的律師行越來越 中，甚至在海外旅行期間，透過電腦處 律師在許多方面的技術，因為那涉及直 多在香港發展。但另一方面，我們在 理客戶的事務，這是一個巨大的轉變。 覺、正確的判斷和法律策略的應用，來 內地中國法律執業方面卻並不平等。

你完成過最有趣的一宗交易？ 這些年來處理過許多難忘的交易，有 幾宗特別突出。其中一宗是據稱尖 沙咀凱悅酒店出售，吸引了很多傳媒 的關注，因為那是在SARS之後。我 們開標的那一天，有大量傳媒不請自 來，我必須低調處埋這個意料之外的 突發情況。

我亦必須處理不尋常的要求。在準備 招標的過程中，我們發現凱悅酒店餐 廳Hugo內有一件裝飾盔甲，客戶想確 定那是否古董真品，所以我必須請佳 士得進行估價。

www.hk-lawyer.org 23 • December 2016

解決衝突，創造方案。 我相信，我們未來的成功將取決於我們 羅婉文 的能力，確定哪些領域能被取代，哪些 領域不能被取代。我們的目標是調整商 孖士打律師行 合夥人，中國業務主管 業模式以利用科技的進步，同時促進人 工智能無法提供的領域。 你如何建立如此成功的執業？ 在美國及歐洲迅速擴展的客戶，我們提供 24歲加入律師行，28年後成為該律師行 服務的能力有限。合夥人和我決定，我們 你認為英國脫歐和美國總統選舉 的主管合夥人，這是誰都沒想過的事。 需要從以香港為基地的地區律師行，轉型 結果，對香港物業市場會有何 我認為自己非常幸運，有機會做我做過的 為擁有環球網絡的國際律師行，以便更好 影響？ 事。我於1979年加入孖士打律師行(當時 地服務客戶。 英國脫歐後，英鎊顯著貶值。港元與美 稱為Johnson Stokes & Master或JSM)擔 我領導律師行與Mayer Brown談判，在 元掛鈎，對海外買家來說變得非常昂 任實習律師，當時中國開始實行經濟對外 出任首席合夥人後三個月內，與Mayer 貴。現在加上從價印花稅上升的問題， 開放。在十年的文化大革命之後，國家需 Brown的合併完成。我們於2008年1月成 也許除了對中國內地的買家，香港物業 要資金和投資來重建基礎設施和製造業。 為了Mayer Brown的一部份，並改名為 對每個人來說都太貴了。 在80年代初擔任初級律師，我曾參與多個 Mayer Brown JSM。 至於特朗普勝出大選，後果還有待觀 基建項目，協助客戶在中國內地投資和融 察。我會說，全球化之下，世界比以前 資於港口、收費公路、橋樑和發電廠。我 作為律師，你遇過最大的專業挑戰 小得多。這肯定會影響香港。如果特朗 的事業於1987年到達高峰，當時律師行 是什麼？ 普跟從競選言論對不公平貿易和實施保 派我到北京設立辦事處。那是JSM首個香 我在事業上面對過最大的挑戰之一，是代 護主義的做法，將對香港經濟造成不利 港以外的辦事處。 表律師行與一家美國律師行談判合併。我 影響。香港非常依賴出口，如果貿易戰 中國於2001年加入世界貿易組織(WTO) 必須擔任50個股權合夥人的戰略顧問， 爆發，香港作為世界上最自由經濟體， 是一項轉型變革，促使中國內地的銀行 他們的利益和關注事情取決於他們的執業 物業市場會受到影響。大選後美元強 業、保險業、公用事業和其他受監管的行 領域、合夥人資歷和對法律市場的看法。 勁，對香港樓市亦造成壓力。 業開放。客戶開始進行重大收購。我領導 我必須確保合夥人的關注得到適當解決， 法律團隊，就恒生銀行收購興業銀行的首 他們的利益受到保障。可幸，幾個合夥人 還有什麼想分享嗎？ 次公開招股前權益，向其提供意見。我領 的願景和戰略與我的相同，我也獲得許多 我覺得自己很幸運，因為我從沒計劃擁 導的其他併購交易包括協助一間香港公用 其他合夥人的鼓勵。至今我仍感激合夥人 有今天的成就。這種方式對我來說是行 事業公司收購深圳燃氣集團的重大權益， 對我的信任和信心，讓我在如此重大的交 不通的。生活自有曲折。我只是一直盡 及協助匯豐在上海成立人壽保險合營企 易中代表他們，永遠改變了我們合夥關係 力付出，努力工作。回顧以往，我見到 業。 的結構。克服轉型和過渡的種種挑戰，將 法律執業在許多方面豐富了我的生命。 JSM變為一間全球律師行的一部份，需要 中國內地貫穿我事業生涯中處理的所有交 我遇到了許多傑出的人、有趣的事。 堅定不移的信念。最重要的是，我必須相 易。我有幸見證了客戶在中國內地各行各 信自己正領導律師行朝向正確方向。這次 業的業務增長。對加強香港辦演中國內地 轉變將為新一代律師帶來巨大機遇，對客 對外橋樑的角色，我感恩過去35年能略盡 戶亦最為有利，這點我從沒懷疑。正是這 綿力。 種信念，推動我創意思考，找出方法解決 我在2007年成為JSM第一位女性首席合 與Mayer Brown合併的所有障礙。 夥人。領導亞洲最大律師行之一的職責， 令我既期待又興奮，但亦相當戰戰兢兢。 你如何看待香港法律市場的性別多 當時律師行面對許多挑戰。全球化已成為 元議題？ 不可逆轉的趨勢，我們見證 香港有一個有趣的現象，就是雖然入行的 新人中三分之二是女性律師，但只有一小 少客戶變為跨國公司。我們的中國內地客 部份在律師行業中獲得合夥人地位。儘管 戶亦在亞洲以外迅速擴張業務。JSM仍是 香港法律市場對性別多元化議題的意識不 以香港為基地的律師行，

24 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • COVER STORY 封 面 專 題

斷提高，但阻礙女性律師晉升至領導層 繼任計劃對所有律師行的長期生存同樣 言，包括有關移民、貿易和國防政策的 的一些挑戰仍難以克服。其中一個重大 重要，保留人才與每間律師行都息息 建議。據此，我們可預期將聽到更多全 挑戰是消除影響工作分配、績效考核和 相關。律師行管理合夥人現今的共同挑 球化、外判和離岸生產、反競爭行為、 晉升決定的不自覺偏見。第一步是為律 戰，是如何向年輕律師展示，在他們的 貨幣操縱、網絡安全和收購投資如何影 師行領導層提供培訓，幫助他們了解不 律師行內有充足的發展及晉升機會，同 響美國國家安全的言論。因此，特朗普 自覺偏見，學習如何避免讓這種偏見影 時遷就他們對平衡工作和家庭生活或個 政府專注以立法和規管措施遏制這些可 響決定。 人發展需要的希望。 能的威脅，就不足為奇了。這些政策 將破壞中美之間的資本、貨物和投資流 另一個消除女性律師晉升障礙的方法， 你認為英國脫歐和美國總統選舉結 動，豎立新的市場准入壁壘。對計劃向 是採取貫徹一致、摒除偏見的招聘、留 果，對中國市場和你的執業會有何 美國進行收購或出口產品的中國公司， 用和晉升做法。應該不斷努力指導女性 影響？ 及對在中國內地擁有製造和研發設施的 律師，為她們提供機會實現專業和個人 習近平主席去年對英國進行國事訪問(見 美國公司，這些發展趨勢必帶來負面影 成長，鼓勵她們在組織內展示成就。 證了600億美元貿易協議的簽署)，被視 響。 為開啟中英經濟、政治和貿易關係的「 你認為香港法律界面對最迫切的問 英國公投和美國大選結果，為我們的客 黃金時代」，將為歐洲經濟注入活力。 題是什麼？ 戶帶來了不確定性。雖然廣泛的風險將 英國公投結果令人震驚，因為它可能導 最迫切的問題包括：(1)找出增長機會 會浮現，加上規管和立法的反響，但仍 致北京失去通過英國進入歐洲的戰略。 － 律師行在香港這樣競爭激烈的地區經 有機遇尚待發掘。我們期待繼續為客戶 此外，北京也可能失去推動完成中歐貿 營，增長機會來自何處?(2)決定如何滿足 就業務戰略提供意見，協助他們適應不 易協議及中國獲得「市場經濟地位」的 日益提高的客戶要求，更有效地提供法 確定的監管環境。n 關鍵盟友。 律服務 － 這些要求為香港律師行帶來巨 大的收費下調壓力；(3)找出方法，滿足 然而，英國脫歐可能不是一面倒的壞消 新入職年輕律師的期望及對工作與生活 息。英國脫離歐盟後，將需要一個主要 平衡的渴求。 的自由貿易夥伴，而中國似乎是完美的 對象。中英之間的貿易協議，可被兩個 香港是亞洲首屈一指的國際金融中心， 國家用作與歐盟談判的槓桿。即使英國 是資金進出中國的重要渠道。香港律師 失去了向歐盟輸出服務的能力，英國脫 行過去35年來受惠於中國內地經濟增 歐對中國的影響也不會很大，因為中國 長，但法律市場各個領域的競爭加劇， 一直沒有利用英國進入歐盟市場，歐洲 繼續實現收入和盈利增長，是每間律師 大陸每個金融中心均會歡迎中國投資。 行的主要挑戰。 此外，據報導，所有中國的重要銀行在 許多客戶現在擁有大型的公司內部法律 倫敦擴展業務的計劃，不會受英國脫歐 部門，負責管理外判予外部律師的項 影響。中國公司乘英鎊較弱之勢，向英 目。這些內部法律部門的總監要求高 國輸出的直接投資可能會增加。 質、高效的法律服務，以可預料的價格 談到美國局勢，特朗普的政綱側重反全 準時交付。封頂收費和其他替代按工作 球化和公平貿易言論，並以此勝出當 小時收費的安排，現在已是香港法律服 選。他列出三個優先事項，即(1)重新談 務的收費常態。跨國企業的一些法律總 判北大西洋自由貿易區(NAFTA)；(2)對 監甚至要求外部法律顧問將大型複雜的 中國進口商品徵收高額的新關稅；退出 項目分拆成不同類型的活動，並將程序 《跨太平洋伙伴關係協定》(TPP)。中 為主的活動(如盡職調查、文件審查、法 國目前沒有加入TPP，但已提出區域貿 律研究)外判予成本較低的服務提供者。 易的替代性願景，稱為《區域全面經濟 律師行是否能滿足關鍵客戶的要求，將 夥伴協定》(RCEP)，而美國不在協定之 決定這律師行是否能在未來十年保持增 內。 長，繼續蓬勃發展。 當選總統特朗普剛發表了首100日宣

www.hk-lawyer.org 25 • December 2016

LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律師會新聞

Visit to the Court of Final Appeal The Member Benefit Committee organised two guided visits to the Court of Final Appeal (“CFA”) on 25 August and 18 October respectively and around 60 members in total attended the visits. Apart from visiting court rooms and restricted areas such as the library which is normally only open to those lawyers engaged in court hearings, members visited the Architectural Heritage Gallery where models illustrating the scale of restoration work undertaken by the Architectural Services Department when the building was returned to the Judiciary were displayed. The visit could not be completed without a visit to the Exhibition Gallery showcasing the history of the Judiciary. Members also had the chance to see artifacts on display such as the pre- and post-1997 Maces used on ceremonial occasions and wigs worn by judges and barristers.

參觀終審法院 會員權益委員會於8月25日及10月18日分 別舉辦了兩次終審法院導賞參觀，約有60 位會員參加。會員參觀了法庭和限制區域， 例如僅開放予參與聆訊律師的圖書館，亦參 觀了建築歷史展覽廊，該處設有模型，展示 法院大樓交還予司法機構時，由建築署所負 責的復修工程規模。此外當然不少得參觀展 Group photos in front of the spiral staircase in the Exhibition Gallery. 覽廊，了解司法機構的歷史。會員亦有機 參觀者在展覽廊的螺旋式樓梯前合照。 會觀賞到回歸前後在各禮儀場合上所使用的 權杖及法官和大律師所佩戴的假髮等展品。

26 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律 師 會 新 聞

The Hong Kong Academy of Law 香港法律專業學會 The Hong Kong Academy of Law (“Academy”) organised a total of 79 seminars in 香港法律專業學會於10月舉辦了合共79 October. 場專題講座。 A symposium entitled “Developing Commercial Law through the Courts: Rebalancing the Relationship between the Courts and Arbitration” (“Symposium”) was held on 17 一個題為「通過法庭發展商業法：重新 October to discuss the development of commercial law and arbitration based on the 平衡法庭與仲裁的關係」專題研討會於 theme of a speech delivered by The Right Honorable The Lord Thomas of Cwmgiedd, 10月17日舉行，以英格蘭及威爾斯首 Lord Chief Justice of England & Wales in March 2016 and a paper on the same topic 席法官The Right Honorable The Lord written by him. 155 participants attended the seminar. Thomas of Cwmgiedd於2016年3月的演 The speakers of the Symposium were: The Right Honorable The Lord Phillips of Worth 講及他撰寫的相同主題論文為依歸，討 Matravers, Past President of the Supreme Court of England and Wales; The Honorable 論商業法及仲裁的發展。155名與會者出 Chief Justice Mr. Geoffrey Ma; Mr. Christopher Tahbaz, Partner and Co-Chair of Asian Litigation, Debevoise & Plimpton; Mr. Ralph Ybema, Managing Director of China Law 席了該研討會。 & Tax Direct Limited and Honorary Member of The Hong Kong Corporate Counsel 專題研討會的講者包括：前英格蘭及威 Association. Mr. Denis Brock, Council Member and Member of the Arbitration Committee 爾斯最高法院The Right Honorable The of The Law Society, was the moderator of the Symposium. Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers、香 港終審法院首席法官馬道立、美國德普 律師事務所合伙人及亞洲訴訟部聯席主 席達祺思律師、中國法律稅務有限公司 常務董事及The Hong Kong Corporate Counsel Association 榮譽會員馬天賦先 生。香港律師會理事及仲裁委員會成員 白樂德律師擔任專題研討會主持。

Career Talks for Law Students of the City University 為城大及港大法律學生提供職業講座 of Hong Kong and the University of Hong Kong 律師會分別於10月13日及11月1日在城市大學(城大) Two career talks for law students were held on 13 October and 1 November 及香港大學(港大)為法律學生舉辦了兩次職業講座。 at the City University of Hong Kong (“CityU”) and The University of Hong 理事會成員陳寶儀律師、陳曉峰律師及陳潔心律師向 Kong (“HKU”) respectively. Council members Bonita Chan, Nick Chan and 城大學生暢談法律事業路徑，提供求職面試的實用心 Serina Chan spoke to CityU students about a legal career path and provided helpful advice for students on job interviews. Council member Serina Chan 得。陳潔心律師與港大學生分享有用提示，告訴他們 offered useful tips at the HKU talk to students on how to boost their chances 如何提升實習轉為培訓合約的機會。 of turning an internship into a training contract.

www.hk-lawyer.org 27 • December 2016

Reaching out to Central and Kan, Chairman of the Belt and Eastern European Markets Road Committee, other seminar speakers include: Ambassador In light of the Belt and Road Initiatives, Xu Jian, Chinese Ambassador to the Law Society sees great potential Poland; Ms. Betty Ho, Director in the legal service market in Central of HKETO Berlin; Mr. Andrzej and Eastern Europe and the need to Arendarski, President of the PCC; strengthen our network there. Mr. Dariusz Sałajewski, President The Law Society has maintained a of the PNBA; Mr. Wang Junfeng, working relationship with the Czech President of the All China Lawyers Bar Association and the Croatian Association; and Mr. Steven Thiru, Bar Association since 2008 and 2011 President of the Malaysian Bar. At the MOU signing ceremony with the PNBA, Vice-President Melissa Pang signed the MOU with Mr. Dariusz Sałajewski, President of the PNBA (front respectively. Recently, representatives of Speakers were keen to exchange row). Mr. Wang Junfeng, President of the All China Lawyers Association, Ambassador Xu Jian, Chinese Ambassador to Poland, Mrs. Maria Ślazak, the Law Society had the chance to visit views on business opportunities Vice-President of PNBA and Ms. Betty Ho, Director of HKETO Berlin them again and to provide updates on under the Belt and Road attended and witnessed the signing ceremony (back row, introduced from left to right). our developments. Initiative, regulations in Hong 副會長彭韻僖律師與波蘭國家律師協會會長Dariusz Sałajewski先生(前排)簽署 Kong, and other legal issues 諒解備忘錄。中華全國律師協會會長王俊峰先生、中國駐波蘭大使徐堅先生、 Poland which concerned Polish lawyers, 波蘭國家律師協會副會長Maria Ślazak女士及駐柏林經貿辦處長何小萍小姐(後 排左至右)出席並見證簽署儀式。 Poland, with a population of 38.5 million, investors and companies. has maintained steady economic growth Under the witness of Mr. Xu Jian, rate for the past years, ranking among 60th Congress to promote Hong Kong’s Chinese Ambassador to Poland, the one of the best result achievers in the legal services, enabling the participants Law Society also signed a Memorandum European Union. In 2015, €990 million to understand how enterprises can take of Understanding with the PNBA. The worth of goods (or 7.2 percent of the total advantage of Hong Kong’s seamless Law Society looks forward to fostering trade between Poland and China) was connection between the east and the a closer relationship with the PNBA routed through Hong Kong. Taking this west to tap into the Asian and Chinese and to creating more opportunities for opportunity, the Law Society organised a markets. professional exchanges among our seminar titled “China-Hong Kong-Poland: respective members. Furthermore, representing the Law Opportunities for the Polish Business” in Society at the UIA 60th Congress, Vice- Warsaw on 26 October jointly with the Hungary President Melissa Pang spoke at the food Polish National Bar of Attorneys (“PNBA”), Hungary is Hong Kong’s largest trading law and private international law sessions the Hong Kong Economic and Trade partner in Eastern Europe with a while Immediate Past President Stephen Office, Berlin (“HKETO, Berlin”), and the population of 9.8 million and about Hung spoke at the criminal law session Polish Chamber of Commerce (“PCC”). €1.4 billion (approx. 22.3 percent) of on 30 and 31 October respectively. Apart from our Law Society speakers the total trade between Hungary and The Law Society will continue to further namely, Vice-Presidents Melissa Pang Mainland China was routed through expand connections in Central and and Amirali Nasir, Immediate Past Hong Kong in 2015. The Law Society took Eastern Europe that offer extensive President Stephen Hung, Council Member the opportunity to organise a luncheon business opportunities for our members. Simon Lai and last but not least Mr. Fred on 30 October at the occasion of the UIA

Immediate Past President Stephen Hung (right) and Council Member Simon Lai (left) discussed the regulations on doing business in Hong Kong with the Polish participants during the joint seminar in Warsaw. 上任會長熊運信律師(右)及理事會成員黎壽昌律師(左)在華沙的座談會上，與波蘭與會者討論在香港營商的法規。

28 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律 師 會 新 聞

開展中東歐市場 鑑於內地推動「一帶一路」計劃，律師會 認為中東歐的法律服務市場有龐大潛力， 故應在當地擴大本身的網絡。

律師會分別自從2008及2011年開始與捷 克律師協會及克羅地亞律師協會開展工作 關係。最近，律師會的代表有機會遠赴中 東歐，匯報最新發展。

波蘭 波蘭人口約三千八百五十萬，近年經濟 Vice-President Amirali Nasir welcomed the luncheon participants by introducing Hong Kong’s unique features, the 穩定發展，是歐盟經濟發展最好的國家 Law Society, and its newly formed Belt and Road Committee. The luncheon was well attended by over 100 overseas delegates. 之一。在2015年，波蘭與中國的貿易額 副會長黎雅明律師歡迎出席午宴嘉賓，並簡介香港的獨特之處、律師會及其新成立的一帶一路委員會。超過100名海外代表 有7.2%(約值九億九千萬歐元)經香港進 出 席 午 宴。 行。律師會於10月26日與波蘭國家律師 在中國駐波蘭大使徐堅先生的見證下，律 處的優點，開拓亞洲及中國的市場。 協會、香港駐柏林經濟貿易辦事處及波蘭 師會亦與波蘭國家律師協會簽署諒解備忘 商會合辦一個名為「中國──香港──波 藉國際律師聯盟第六十屆大會的機會，副 錄。律師會期待日後與波蘭國家律師協會 蘭：波蘭業界的商機」的座談會。 會長彭韻僖女士及上任會長熊運信先生分 加深合作關係，為兩協會成員的專業交流 別於10月30及31日代表律師會分別就「 律師會的講者包括副會長彭韻僖律師及黎 製造更多機會。 食品法及國際私法」及「刑法」環節發 雅明律師、上任會長熊運信律師、理事 匈牙利 言。 會成員黎壽昌律師，以及一帶一路委員會 主席簡家驄律師。座談會其他講者包括中 匈牙利人口九百八十萬，是香港在東歐的 律師會將繼續在中東歐拓展網絡，為會員 國駐波蘭大使徐堅先生、駐柏林經貿辦 最大貿易夥伴；在2015年，匈牙利與中 提供龐大商機。 處長何小萍小姐、波蘭商會會長Andrzej 國的貿易額中約22.3% Arendarski先生、波蘭國家律師協會會長 (約值十四億歐元)經香 Dariusz Sałajewski先生、中華全國律師 港進行。律師會趁國際 協會會長王俊峰先生及馬來西亞律師公會 律師聯盟第六十屆大會 會長Steven Thiru先生。講者就「一帶一 的機會，在10月30日 路」下的商機、香港的法規及與波蘭律 安排了一個午餐會，推 師、投資者和企業相關的法律問題，踴躍 廣香港的法律服務，讓 交換意見。 出席者了解企業可如何 掌握香港作為中西交匯

Meeting with overseas bar associations were arranged to discuss future cooperation opportunities. 與海外律師協會代表會面，討論未來合作機會。

www.hk-lawyer.org 29 • December 2016

The 11th Recreation and Sports planting the flag of the Law Society on Night: Law Society’s First Event "Eleventh Planet" soil. What a memorable way to make a welcoming speech, to say in “Space”! the least! On 15 October, space citizens from nearby Lawyers are not only good with the law – galaxies showed up on the "Eleventh we take our social events seriously, and Planet", for a party literally out of this know how to have fun! Entertainment for world! Celebrating the 11th anniversary of the night included an impressive opening the Recreation and Sports Committee, the performance from the Dancing Team, a Organising Committee of the 11th Recreation creative origami table prize game, and and Sports Night showcased the best live performances from the TLF, the that Earthlings have to offer to our fellow Law Society’s Live Band. The highlight neighbours outside the Milky Way. of the night was a group game called The warp tunnel at the entrance thrust "Selfieholic", where we introduced the more than 300 lawyers and guests at faster- popular act of taking "selfies" on Earth to than-light speed to the venue. Amongst our space friends. the attendees, our counterparts from the Attendees were keen to sign up for the Best Mainland and Taiwan joined the celebration. Dressed Competition, with Obi-Wan Kenobi The fun-filled night was attended by all sorts winning the individual category, as well as of space dwellers – spacewalking NASA the group category with his “Star Wars” Astronauts, Spock of the Vulcan race in friends. There were lucky draw sessions "Star Trek", Jedi Masters and Sith Lords spread throughout the night, with the top from "Star Wars", and even the little prize being a brand new smart phone! green aliens from "Toy Story". You have As the event came to a close, the dance to see it to believe it. floor was opened to all, and our space The space party kicked off with the friends gradually made their intergalactic dramatic entrance of the Captains and journey home. The Organising Committee Convenors. Their performance of the hit would like to extend a big thank you to Korean song "Nobody" was well-received all the sponsors, and to all members for by the crowd, followed by President their support in making the event a great Thomas So firmly success. Hope to see you all next year!

Barry Wong Trainee Solicitor

30 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律 師 會 新 聞

第11屆康樂及體育晚會： 獎。全晚進行了 律師會首次衝出宇宙！ 多次幸運 大抽獎， 來自不同星系的朋友於10月15日到訪「 大獎為全 十一•星」，參與一個好玩到「飛上太 新智能手機一 空」的派對！為慶祝康樂及體育委員會成 部！ 立11週年，第11屆康樂及體育晚會籌委 來到晚會尾聲，來賓都 會向銀河系以外的一眾朋友，展示了地球 把握最後機會到舞池狂歡， 人友好的一面。 之後陸續返回自己的星球。籌委 超過300名律師和嘉賓，穿過入口處的太 會衷心感謝所有贊助商和會員的支 空隧道，以比光速更快的速度，由不同星 持，令晚會得以圓滿成功。期待明年再 系到達會場，當中包括來自內地和台灣的 會！ 同業，與我們同歡共慶。 黃瀚霆 不同扮相的外太空居民出席了這個充滿歡 實習律師 樂的晚上，包括NASA太空人、《星空奇 遇記》的瓦肯星人冼樸、《星球大戰》的 絕地武士和西斯尊主，甚至《反斗奇兵》 的三眼仔，實在百聞不如一見！

太空派對由各隊長和召集人揭開序幕。他 們表演韓國人氣歌曲《Nobody》，激起 現場熱烈氣氛。然後，會長蘇紹聰律師將 律師會旗幟牢牢插在「十一•星」的土地 上。這個致歡迎辭的方式實在令人難忘！

律師不僅精通法律，我們亦認真對待社交 活動，懂得如何盡興！當晚的娛樂節目 包括舞蹈隊的開場表演、創意摺紙有獎遊 戲、律師會樂隊TLF現場表演等。全晚高 潮為「Selfieholic」(自拍狂)的小組遊 戲，我們藉此向外星朋友介紹地球最流行 的自拍。

當晚最佳衣著比賽競爭激烈，結果由「天 行者」的師父奧比溫獲得個人獎，而他 和《星球大戰》中的朋友則組隊贏得團體

www.hk-lawyer.org 31 • December 2016

Upcoming Changes to Hong Kong’s Corporate Governance Framework for Insurers

By Joyce Chan, Partner Clyde & Co Gillian Morrissey, Registered Foreign Lawyer Clyde & Co

32 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • INSURANCE 保 險

n 7 October 2016, a revised (GN10) renewal business), and long term Insurers that O(“Revised GN10”) was issued by the are in run-off (no new business and renewal Office of the Commissioner of Insurance business annual gross premium income less (“OCI”). The Revised GN10 replaces the than HK$20 million) which is a continuation (GN10) (“Existing GN10”) which came into of the existing position), and certain Overseas effect on 1 September 2003. It sets out the Insurers. Revised GN10 lowers the annual minimum standard of corporate governance gross premium income threshold of Overseas that the OCI expects of insurers authorised Insurers to 50 percent. Applicable Overseas to carry on insurance business in and from Insurers may apply for derogation from the Hong Kong (“Insurers”), including the Revised GN10 from the OCI. composition, role and responsibilities of the All Overseas Insurers, irrespective of the board; internal controls; and compliance with proportion of their Hong Kong insurance laws and regulations. business, must comply with the applicable The timing of the proposed changes to corporate governance of their home Existing GN10 is not wholly surprising as one jurisdiction. General application of Revised of the objectives of the Insurance Companies GN10 to Hong Kong branches of Overseas (Amendment) Ordinance 2015 (“Amendment Insurers has been a much-discussed topic Ordinance”), of which only selected sections in the market, bearing in mind the practical (relating to the establishment of the difficulties Overseas Insurers (with more than provisional Insurance Authority) have so 50 percent of their annual gross premium far been commenced, is to strengthen the income attributable to Hong Kong insurance corporate governance standards applicable business) might have in implementing a to Insurers. The Amendment Ordinance will corporate governance structure that complies overhaul the regulatory insurance framework, with Revised GN10 and the relevant laws of which includes the transition from the OCI to their domiciled jurisdictions. the new independent Insurance Authority. For instance, since 1 January 2016, certain Revised GN10 is issued to align Hong Kong insurers licensed by the Bermuda Monetary with updated international standards, in Authority (“BMA”) in specified classes are particular the International Association of required to establish and maintain their head Insurance Supervisors’ updated Insurance office in Bermuda to ensure the BMA can Core Principles (“ICPs”). ICP 7 is related to exercise sufficient regulatory oversight over corporate governance and ICP 8 sets out the business carried on by these licensed standards relating to risk management and insurers. Of the factors the BMA uses to internal controls. determine whether a commercial insurer has complied with its head office requirements It is now an opportune time to consider some are, for example, where the underwriting, of the most note-worthy revisions to Existing risk management and operational decision- GN10. making of the insurer takes place, and the Scope location of senior executives responsible for and involved in the decision making Revised GN10 applies to an expanded scope relation to the insurer. As at the beginning of Insurers. Existing GN10 applies to insurers of November 2016, in Hong Kong there are incorporated in Hong Kong (except certain twelve Bermuda-incorporated Insurers. insurers in run-off and captive insurers), and Insurers incorporated outside Hong Captive Insurers were expressly exempted Kong (“Overseas Insurers”) with more than from Existing GN10. This position has been 75 percent of their annual gross premium revisited such that captive Insurers are income attributable to Hong Kong insurance “encouraged to adopt” Revised GN10 as business, unless the Overseas Insurer obtains appropriate. What this means in practice a written exemption from the OCI. is not yet clear. For example, if a board of a captive expressly adopts Revised GN10, what Revised GN10 will apply to Hong Kong- happens in case of non-compliance by that incorporated Insurers (except general captive? This is an interesting development, as Insurers that are in run-off (no new or

www.hk-lawyer.org 33 • December 2016

the captive sector is generally subject to of the number of INEDs where there is committees established and their a less onerous regulatory framework (eg, a valid justification, which, for example, composition will depend on the board capital and solvency requirements), and Insurers may need to avail of in the size. under the new s. 64G to be introduced by unfortunate event of a death or serious A new mandatory requirement is the the Amendment Ordinance, employees illness of an INED prior to their being establishment of a risk committee. Small of captive Insurers carrying on regulated able to replace the individual or his Insurers are exempt from this obligation. activities will be exempt from licensing return to health. requirements. The optional committees which the There are amendments to the board of an Insurer should consider Existing GN10 relaxes certain provisions independence criteria of INEDs. In where appropriate having regard to for small Insurers with both an annual particular, former employees of the the Insurer’s size, practical needs and gross premium income and total gross Insurer or its group will be required business activities have not changed. insurance liabilities at the end of the to wait three years whereas Existing These are an: investment committee preceding financial year below HK$20 GN10 focuses on current roles only. A – which must observe the (GN13); million. Revised GN10 expressly allows new factor on which the OCI is unlikely nomination committee; remuneration small composite Insurers to benefit to consider a proposed director to committee; underwriting committee; based on the aggregate of the general be independent is if he is a director reinsurance committee; and claims and a long term elements of their or controller of a company that has settlement committee. business. significant financial interest with the Insurer or any group company, for Membership of a remuneration Corporate Governance example, a major service provider. committee should include INEDs, one of whom is chair. The remuneration ICP 7 requires insurers to establish and Obligations of Individual Directors committee would be expected to work implement a corporate governance This is a new section, building on existing closely with other relevant committees, framework which provides for sound and legal and Existing GN10 requirements including the risk committee to assess prudent management and oversight that individual directors owe fiduciary the impact of the Insurer’s remuneration of their business whilst protecting duties and a duty of care to the Insurer. policy on its risk-taking behavior. The policyholder interests. There is no limit on the number of provisions relating to the nomination Board Composition and Minimum directorships an individual director may committee have been strengthened Number of INEDs hold, rather a principles-based provision to require that its membership should There is no change to the minimum that if an individual directors has other include at least one INED and that number of directors required on the directorships he should ensure that he in addition to nominating suitable board of an Insurer or the proportion has sufficient time and can give sufficient candidates for board roles, its brief of directors that should have sufficient attention to discharge his obligations to extends to senior management knowledge and experience of insurance the Insurer. appointments also. business. Revised GN10 expressly Separation of Role of Chairman/CEO Under Revised GN10 the functions of provides that a board should have “an committees can be combined so long Under Existing GN10, the Chairman and adequate spread and level of expertise” as their effectiveness and integrity is CEO should be separate unless there are and that this should be in a number of not compromised. A footnote clarifies appropriate controls. This requirement areas such as underwriting, actuarial, that the mandatory committees are has been bolstered further in Revised claims, in addition to the areas of two separate committees. Revised GN10. Going forward, the Chairman finance and investment as set out in GN10 notes that it may be necessary should not be the CEO, appointed Existing GN10. A sufficient number of to consider rotating the membership actuary or serve as chair of any board independent non-executive directors of committees to avoid undue committee. (“INEDs”) is an important check and concentration of powers. balance against the influence of Board Committees Group Policies and Group-Level management. Small Insurers, with less Under Existing GN10, other than for Committees than five directors must have a minimum small Insurers, the establishment of an of one INED, otherwise, the requirement A welcome clarification in Revised audit committee is mandatory, unless for the proportion of INEDs on the board GN10 is the express acknowledgement the Insurer is part of a group which has has been increased from one-fifth to that Insurers can adhere to applicable a group audit committee. Revised GN10 one-third. A welcome revision is the group policies and procedures. This is introduces requirement that it should express provision in Revised GN10 for a subject to the qualification that they are be chaired by an INED and preferably temporary exemption for the reduction appropriate to maintain the Insurer’s have an INED majority. The particular sound and prudent operation. Insurers

34 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • INSURANCE 保 險

may also rely on group-level committees than Existing GN10 in relation to of this component deferred for a instead of establishing board-level remuneration. Insurers are required to suitable period according to the committees, including in respect of the establish a board-approved risk-averse seniority and responsibility of the otherwise-mandatory audit committee remuneration policy, in-line with their individual and the nature and time and risk committee. objectives, business strategies and period of the risks he has undertaken. long-term interests, and providing a • Safeguards to be implemented where Internal Control Systems and clear relationship between performance variable remuneration comprises Risk Management Framework and remuneration. As well as the board, share-based elements. and where relevant, the remuneration ICP 8 requires insurers to establish Cyber security and maintain effective systems of risk committee, Revised GN10 requires the Taking into account technological management and internal controls, involvement of senior management and advancements since Existing GN10 was including effective functions for risk key persons in the risk management issued, a new section on cyber security management, compliance, actuarial CF in the setting and monitoring of the obligations has been added. matters and internal audit. The risk remuneration policy. management and internal control The scope of application of remuneration Timing provisions of Existing GN10 are enhanced policies is expanded by Revised GN10 Revised GN10 will largely take effect in Revised GN10. to cover all directors (including INEDs) from 1 January 2017. In the meantime, and employees, including senior Risk Management Insurers remain subject to the management, KPCFs and “material As well as the new mandatory risk requirements of Existing GN10. A later risk-taking employees” whose individual committee, Revised GN10 introduces implementation date of 1 January 2018 actions, or aggregated of groups of an optional chief risk officer role with a applies to the revised requirements as employees, may have a material impact direct reporting line to the board and to the minimum number of INEDs, the on the Insurer’s risk exposure through be separate from the other executive new remuneration requirements and the the assumption of material risk or by functions. new mandatory requirement to establish taking on material exposure. a risk committee. Additionally, the Key Persons in Control Functions Revised GN10 sets out detailed principles provisions applicable to KPCFs will take (“KPCFs”) relating to remuneration structure, effect when the statutory provisions have Under the Insurance Companies including: been commenced. Ordinance, the appointed actuary of • As regards the criteria for measuring life Insurers, directors and controllers of performance, some subjectivity is Concluding Comments Insurers are subject to regulatory scrutiny permitted on top of pre-determined As 2017 is just around the corner, to promote good corporate governance. performance criteria. prompt steps must be taken by Insurers To comply with IAIS requirements, the to perform a gap analysis of their • Specific parameters for the Amendment Ordinance will require corporate governance, risk management remuneration of KPCFs, noting the prior approval by the regulator of and internal control systems the inherent potential conflicts of senior executives of Insurers (other framework against the interest that could compromise their than captives) who carry out “control requirements objectivity and indeed integrity. functions” (“CFs”) based on fit and of Revised proper criteria. A CF is likely to enable • Generally, guaranteed bonuses GN10. n the individual responsible for it to should not be offered. The OCI exercise significant influence on the notes that these are inconsistent Insurer’s business. The Amendment with performance-based Ordinance specifies the following CFs: remuneration and sound risk risk management, financial control, management. compliance, internal audit, actuarial • Variable components linked to and intermediary management, and performance should not additionally provides for the Financial be disproportionate to Secretary specifying others by notice. the fixed part. Revised GN10 introduces specific • Variable remuneration provisions on KPCFs and senior should take account of the management. Insurer’s capital management Remuneration Matters strategy, targets and regulatory capital requirements, and the majority Revised GN10 is more prescriptive

www.hk-lawyer.org 35 • December 2016

香港保險公司管治架 構即將出現的變化

作者 陳詩豪 合夥人 其禮律師行 Gillian Morrissey 外地註冊律師 其禮律師行

港保險業監理處於2016年10月 當局發出《指引十的修訂版本》，目的是 《指引十的修訂版本》將適用於在香港成 香7日發出了經修訂的《獲授權保 為了使香港符合最新的國際標準，特別是 立的保險公司(但正在清償保險債務的一 險公司的公司管治指引》(指引十)(下稱 「國際保險監督聯會」所發布的最新《保 般保險業務公司(其已停止接受新造業務 《指引十的修訂版本》)。《指引十的修 險核心原則》(“ICP”)。《保險核心原 或續保業務)，以及正在清償保險債務的 訂版本》取代於2003年9月1日起生效的 則》第7條論及公司管治，而第8條則訂 長期保險公司(其已停止接受新造業務或 《獲授權保險公司的公司管治指引(指引 立風險管理及內部控制等的標準。 續保業務，而其毛保費收入每年少於港幣 十)》(下稱《指引十的現行版本》)。該 2,000萬元)除外，因它們只屬目前情況的 目前正是對《指引十的現行版本》中， 指引論述保險業監理處所預期的，獲授權 延續)，以及某些海外保險公司。《指引 在香港及自香港經營保險業務的保險公司 若干最值得關注的修訂進行審視的適當時 十的修訂版本》將海外保險公司的全年毛 (下稱「保險公司」)所應具備的最低公司 機。 保費收入的門檻降至百分之五十，而適用 管治標準，包括董事會的組成、其職能和 範圍 的海外保險公司，可向保險業監理處申請 責任；內部控制；法律和規例的遵守等。 《指引十的修訂版本》適用於有所擴大的 豁免遵守《指引十的修訂版本》。 當局在這時提出對《指引十的現行版本》 保險公司範圍；而《指引十的現行版本》 所有海外保險公司(不論其在香港的保險 作出修訂，並不全然令人感到驚訝，因 ，則適用於在香港註冊成立的保險公司 業務所佔比率為何)，均須遵守其本地司 為《2015年保險公司(修訂)條例》(下稱 (但不包括某些正在清償保險債務的保險 法管轄區所適用的公司管治規定。鑒於海 《修訂條例》，其當中只有某些特定條款 公司和專屬自保保險公司)，以及在香港 已經生效(關於設立臨時保險業監督的規 外保險公司(其香港保險業務佔其全年毛 以外成立，其全年毛保費收入的75%以 定))的其中一個要旨，是要將保險公司的 保費收入百分之五十以上)所實施的公司 公司管治水平提升。《修訂條例》審視了 上，是來自香港保險業務的保險公司(下 管治架構，是一個既需要符合《指引十的 整個保險業的監管架構，包括從保險業監 稱「海外保險公司」)— 除非該海外保險 修訂版本》的規定，又需要遵守其居籍所 理處過渡至新設的獨立保險業監督。 公司獲得保險業監理處作出書面豁免。 在的司法管轄區之相關法例的架構，當中

36 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • INSURANCE 保 險

因此會存在不少實際困難，故《指引十 公司管治 名董事是一名獨立董事。 的修訂版本》對海外保險公司的香港分 《保險核心原則》第7條規定保險公司必 董事的義務與責任 公司的一般適用情況，一直以來都是市 須建立與實施公司管治架構，此舉能有 這是一項新條款，建基於現有法律和《指 場的熱烈討論焦點。 效為公司業務提供穩健而審慎的管理與 引十的現行版本》之上，而每一位董事均 例如，自2016年1月1日起，某些獲百慕 監督，並同時保障保單持有人的利益。 必須對保險公司履行受信責任和謹慎責 達金融管理局(“BMA”)發給指定類別 董事會的組成與獨立非執行董事的最 任。 牌照的保險公司，必須在百慕達設立及 低人數 維持其總辦事處，以確保百慕達金融管 董事可擔任多少董事職務，並無數目上 保險公司董事會的最低董事人數，以及 理局能夠對該等持牌保險公司所經營的 的限制，這是基於一項以原則為基礎的規 對保險業務具有充分知識和經驗的董 業務進行充分的監管與監督。百慕達金 定，就是：董事倘若兼負其他董事職務， 事比率等規定，均沒有作出任何更改。 融管理局賴以確定商業保險公司是否已 他應當確保其自身擁有足夠的時間和精 《指引十的修訂版本》明確規定，董事 依循其總公司之規定的衡量因素包括： 神，履行對保險公司的義務和責任。 會應具備「充分的專業知識範圍與水 例如，該保險公司進行其承保業務、風 主席和行政總裁不宜由同一人兼任 平」，而除了《指引十的現行版本》中 險管理和運營決策的所在地方；以及， 所述明的，董事會應具備與財務和投 根據《指引十的現行版本》，除非公司作 有份負責和參與制訂該保險公司之決策 資等範疇有關的專業知識外，還應具備 出適當監控，否則董事會主席和行政總裁 的高級管理人員所身處的地方。截至 在例如承保、精算、索賠等方面的專業 不宜由同一人兼任。這項規定，已在《 2016年11月初，香港共有12家在百慕達 知識。擁有充足數目的獨立非執行董事 指引十的修訂版本》中得到進一步認同。 成立的保險公司。 (“INED”)，是對管理層的影響力的一 在未來，董事會主席不應同時擔任行政總 專屬自保保險公司獲明確豁免遵守《指 項重要制衡。經營規模小的保險公司的 裁、委任精算師、或董事會任何轄下委員 引十的現行版本》。然而，此一情況現 董事人數若少於5人，便必須至少有一 會的主席。 時需要進行重新審視，以達致在適當情 名獨立非執行董事，否則，董事會的獨 董事會轄下的委員會 況下，專屬自保保險公司亦須依循《 立非執行董事比例，應從五分之一增至 在《指引十的現行版本》規定下，除非是 指引十的修訂版本》之規定。這在實際 三分之一。一項受歡迎的修訂，是《指 小規模經營的保險公司，否則均須設立審 上具有一些甚麼含義，目前仍然難以確 引十的修訂版本》中明確規定，只要具 計委員會，除非該保險公司是一個已設 定。例如，一家專屬自保保險公司的董 有正當理由，便可以要求當局批准給予 有集團審計委員會的集團的其中一部分。 事會假如明確採納《指引十的現行版 暫時豁免，減少獨立非執行董事的數目 《指引十的修訂版本》訂明，審計委員會 本》，那麼，日後該保險公司倘若不依 (例如，當有獨立非執行董事去世或患上 的主席應由獨立非執行董事出任，而且更 循有關規定，它將會面對一些甚麼後 嚴重疾病，保險公司面對這不幸情況， 理想的情況是，獨立非執行董事在該委員 果？這是一個頗為有趣的發展，因為一 在物色其他替代人選，或是在該董事康 會中佔多數。各個特定委員會的設立和組 般而言，專屬自保保險行業不需受那麼 復前，它可能需要採取一些臨時應變措 成，視董事會之規模而定。 嚴厲的監管架構所規管(例如，在資本和 施)。 償債能力的規定方面)，而根據《修訂條 一項新的強制性規定是設立風險委員會， 《指引十的修訂版本》亦對獨立非執行 例》中的第 64G條新規定，經營受規管 但小規模經營的保險公司可免除遵從這項 董事的獨立準則作出了修訂。特別是， 活動的專屬自保保險公司的僱員，將獲 規定。 保險公司或其集團的前僱員需要在離職 豁免遵守發牌規定。 三年以後，才能夠出任獨立非執行董 保險公司的董事會在考慮了保險公司的 《指引十的現行版本》對經營規模小的 事，而《指引十的現行版本》則只是將 規模、實際需求和業務活動後，可考慮設 保險公司(即全年毛保費收入，以及在對 重點放在他們目前所扮演的角色上。保 立其認為合適的委員會，這項規定並沒 上一個財政年度終結前的總保險負債毛 險業監理處現時需要考慮的一項新因素 有任何改變。此等委員會包括：投資委員 額，均少於港幣2,000萬元的保險公司) 是，一名保險公司董事如果是某一家公 會 – 其必須遵守《獲授權保險人的資產 放寬了某些規定；而《指引十的修訂版 司的董事或控權人，而這家公司與該保 管理指引》(指引十三)、提名委員會、 薪 本》明確准許經營規模小的綜合保險公 險公司或任何集團公司(例如，一個主 酬委員會、承銷委員會、再保險委員會、 司從中受惠(以其業務的一般與長期這兩 要服務供應商)存在著重大的經濟利益關 及償付申索委員會。 項元素之總和作為基礎)。 係，則保險業監理處不大可能會認同該

www.hk-lawyer.org 37 • December 2016

薪酬委員會的成員應包括數名獨立非執 職位必須獨立於其他行政職能以外，直接 容許當中存在若干主觀成份。 行董事，而他們當中的其中一人，應為 向董事會負責。 • 由於管控要員面對固有的潛在利益衝 該委員會的主席。薪酬委員會預期將會 突，這有可能會危及其客觀性，甚至 管控要員 與其他相關委員會進行密切合作(其中包 是誠信，因此在薪酬方面應為他們特 根據《保險公司條例》，人壽保險公司 括風險委員會)，以評估保險公司之薪酬 別制訂衡量標準。 政策對其承受風險行為所產生的影響。 的委任精算師、保險公司的董事及管控人 • 一般而言，公司不應給予僱員固定花 與提名委員會有關之規定亦已經加強， 員，皆須接受監管審查，以促進良好的公 紅。保險業監理處指出，此等舉措不 規定在該委員會的成員中，應至少包含 司管治。為符合「國際保險監督聯會」的 符以工作表現為本的薪酬待遇與有效 一名獨立非執行董事；而除了提名適當 規定，《修訂條例》規定監管機構必須根 風險管理原則。 的人選擔任董事職務外，該委員會所獲 據適當人選準則，對負責執行「管控職 • 與工作表現掛鉤的可變動部分，不應 得的授命，亦擴大至對高級管理人員的 能」的保險公司(專屬自保保險公司除外) 與固定部分過度不相稱。 任命。 的高級管理人員作出事先審批。管控職能 很可能會導致負責執行的人員對保險公 • 可變動的薪酬待遇，應配合保險公司 根據《指引十的修訂版本》規定，公司 司的業務施加重大影響。《修訂條例》中 的資本管理策略、目標、及資本監管 可將各委員會的職能合併，前提是此舉 載列以下各項管控職能：風險管理、財務 規定，並應根據有關人員的資歷、所 不會有損它們的效能和誠信。該指引的 管控、合規、內部審核、精算及管理中介 承擔責任、所承受之風險的性質和期 一項註腳闡明，審計委員會與風險委員 人，並且規定，財政司司長可透過刊登公 間，將這項元素的大部分延至一個適 會是兩個各自獨立的委員會。《指引十 告，指明某項職能為管控職能；而《指引 當時期來處理。 的修訂版本》亦指出，各個委員會的成 十的修訂版本》，亦制訂了有關管控要員 • 可變動的薪酬中倘若包含股份成份， 員可能需要進行輪換，以避免權力不適 和高級管理層的具體規定。 公司便應當採取預防措施。 當地集中。 薪酬事宜 網絡安全 集團政策及集團層次委員會 與《指引十的現行版本》比較，《指引 鑒於自《指引十的現行版本》發布以來， 《指引十的修訂版本》中一項有用的澄 十的修訂版本》在薪酬方面顯得更具規範 科技上取得重大進展，因此該指引額外增 清，就是明確承認保險公司可以依循適 性。保險公司必須根據其自身的目標、業 加了一項有關網絡安全責任的新條款。 用的集團政策與程序，而前提是，它們 務策略與長期利益，制訂經董事會批准的 必須適於維持保險公司的健全和審慎運 風險規避薪酬政策，並確立工作表現與薪 生效時間 作。此外，保險公司亦可以依賴集團層 酬之間的明確關係。至於董事會(以及薪 《指引十的修訂版本》規定，大部分會自 面的委員會，而無需設立董事會層面的 酬委員會，如相關的話)，《指引十的修 2017年1月1日起生效。在這期間，保險 委員會，包括屬強制性的審計委員會與 訂版本》規定，在對薪酬政策進行制定與 公司仍須遵守《指引十的現行版本》中的 風險委員會。 監督時，高級管理層和參與風險管理管控 規定。在2018年1月1日起生效的規定， 將會適用於：經修訂的獨立非執行董事最 內部控制系統及風險管理架構 職能的要員亦必須參與。 低人數規定、新的薪酬規定、以及設立風 《保險核心原則》第8條要求保險公司 《指引十的修訂版本》擴大了薪酬政策 險委員會的新強制性規定。此外，適用於 建立與維持有效的風險管理和內部控制 的適用範圍，並涵蓋所有董事(包括獨立 管控要員的條文，亦將會在相關法定條文 系統，並包括風險管理、合規、精算事 非執行董事)和僱員，當中包括高級管理 開始生效時實施。 務、內部審計等各方面的有效職能。《 層、管控要員、及「承擔重大風險的僱 指引十的現行版本》中的風險管理和內 員」(其個人行動或整體僱員行動，可能 結語 會基於其所承擔或面對的重大風險，而對 部控制規定，在《指引十的修訂版本》 隨著2017年即將到來，保險公司必須根 保險公司所承受的風險產生重大影響)。 中得到進一步強化。 據《指引十的修訂版本》規定，迅速採取 《指引十的修訂版本》詳細列出各項與薪 風險管理 應對措施，並對其公司管治、風險管理、 酬結構相關的原則，包括： 內部控制系統架構等進行差距分析。 n 除了根據新規定而須設立的風險委員會 外，《指引十的修訂版本》也表明保險 • 關於衡量工作表現的準則方面，除了 公司可考慮設立風險總監一職，而這一 已預先制定的工作表現準則之外，亦

38 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • CRIMINAL 刑 事 法

Overview of the Law Reform Commission’s Consultation Paper on Sexual Offences involving Children and Persons with Mental Impairment

By Peter Duncan SC, Chairman Review of Sexual Offences Sub-Committee

www.hk-lawyer.org 39 • December 2016

n November 2016, the Law Reform homosexual and heterosexual sexual child is not under-age should not be ICommission’s Sexual Offences Sub- activity. penalised. The Sub-committee is well committee published a consultation aware of the arguments for and against One may argue that lowering the age paper on Sexual Offences Involving having absolute liability in offences of consent may have the undesirable Children and Persons with Mental involving children between 13 and 16, consequence of encouraging premature Impairment, setting out its provisional and appreciates that there are bound to child sexual activity at an early age. recommendations for reform. This is the be divergent views on the issue. Hence, Then again, any suggestion to raise the second in a series of four consultation Recommendation 6 proposes that the age of consent may also be criticised papers intended to cover the overall issue as to whether absolute liability for failing to recognise that children review of the sexual offences, and should apply to offences involving are physically and psychologically covers sexual offences which are children between 13 and 16 years of age mature at a much earlier age nowadays. largely concerned with the protective should be considered by the Hong Kong Recommendation 1 therefore proposes principle, that is to say, that the criminal community before a recommendation is a uniform age of consent in Hong Kong law should give protection to certain made. of 16 years of age, which should be categories of vulnerable persons against applicable irrespective of gender or sexual abuse or exploitation. These Consensual Sexual Activity between sexual orientation. vulnerable persons include children, Persons who are Between 13 and 16 persons with mental impairment, and Gender difference? Generally speaking, it is considered absolutely wrong for anyone to engage young persons over whom others hold a In respect of gender neutrality, the in sexual activity with very young position of trust. The consultation period general trend of the legislation of persons under the age of 13. People closes on 10 February 2017. overseas jurisdictions (including may, however, have different views as Australia, Canada, England & Wales, Overview of Principal to whether the criminal law should and Scotland) is to apply equality of intervene in respect of consensual Recommendations treatment between boys and girls sexual activity between persons who are The Age of Consent regarding protection against sexual between 13 and 16 years of age. The age of consent is the threshold age exploitation, and gender neutrality in below which sexual activity is unlawful. offences involving children and young The Sub-committee considers that under Most of the existing offences in Hong persons. Recommendation 2 thus the protective principle, children should Kong have an age of consent of 16. proposes that the offences involving not be encouraged to engage in sexual However, while the age of consent for children and young persons should be activity before they are emotionally homosexual buggery has been lowered gender-neutral. However, there should and physically ready to cope with the to 16 by the Statute Law (Miscellaneous be two separate types of offences to consequences. Therefore, it recommends Provisions) Ordinance 2014, it is still an protect young persons: one involving that consensual sexual activity between offence for a man to commit buggery children under 13 and the other, children persons who are between 13 and 16 be with a girl under the age of 21 pursuant under 16 (Recommendations 3). criminalised but allow prosecutorial to s. 118D of the Crimes Ordinance (Cap. Furthermore, offences should be capable discretion to bring a charge in 200). of being committed by either an adult or appropriate cases (Recommendation 8). a child offender (Recommendation 5). For instance, if sexual exploitation In light of the William Roy Leung decision is not involved, such a case may be (Leung TC William Roy v SJ [2005] 3 Absolute Liability dealt with by cautions under the Police HKLRD 657 (Court of First Instance) At the moment, sexual intercourse with Superintendents’ Discretion Scheme (see CACV 317/2005, Court of Appeal a person under 16 is of absolute liability which appears to have been operating upholding decision)), which held that in Hong Kong. It is no defence that the well in Hong Kong. s. 118C of the Crimes Ordinance was accused did not know and had no reason unconstitutional and invalid to the extent to suspect that the child was under 16. Creation of New Offences that it applied to a man aged 16 or over In Chapter 7, the Sub-committee Contrary to the current position in Hong and under 21; and having considered recommends the creation of a range Kong, in some overseas jurisdictions, the rising trend of setting a uniform age of new offences involving children sexual offences involving children of consent in other jurisdictions, the which are gender-neutral and between 13 and 16 do not carry absolute Sub-committee sees no justification provide wider protection to children liability. The main rationale is that it is for raising or lowering from the present (Recommendations 9 to 15). These in the interests of justice and fairness age of consent, nor any justification for offences include: penetration of a child that a person who makes a genuine allowing a legislative disparity between under 13, and a similar offence for a mistake on reasonable grounds that the

40 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • CRIMINAL 刑 事 法

child under 16; sexual assault of a broad categories. The first category These young persons are above the age child under 13/16; causing or inciting a of offences covers a situation when a of consent but are not yet adults. There child under 13/16 to engage in sexual PMI fits the definition of a mentally are arguments for and against enacting activity; engaging in sexual activity in the incapacitated person and certain defined legislation for this group of young presence of a child under 13/16; causing types of sexual activity with the PMI persons. For instance, some may argue a child under 13/16 to look at a sexual would be outlawed (eg, buggery by that the 16 and 17 year-olds are mature image; and arranging or facilitating the a man with a mentally incapacitated enough to choose and that a genuine commission of a child sex offence. person). The second category of relationship should be recognised. On offences applies to a PMI whose level of the other hand, there is an argument Sexual Grooming mental impairment is not severe to the that this group of young persons should Sexual grooming refers to the extent that he/she lacks the capacity still be safeguarded under the protective phenomenon of a paedophile who to consent to sexual activity. While the principle. Given the divergent views on “grooms” a child with a view to engaging PMI is capable of giving consent, his/ the issue, the Sub-committee considers in conduct which constitutes a sexual her “consent” is improperly obtained by that this should be the subject of public offence against the child. The paedophile perpetrators using exploitative means. consultation before a recommendation is may do so by communicating to him/ made (Recommendation 40). The Sub-committee favours the her on a number of occasions in order approach taken in the second category to gain the child’s trust and confidence. Consultation of offences, as they can maintain an The act is often performed by electronic appropriate balance between respecting The consultation period will last for means such as through the use of the sexual autonomy of those persons three months until 10 February 2017 and a mobile phone or the internet. The whose extent of mental impairment is the Sub-committee welcomes views, paedophile would eventually arrange not so severe as to prevent their capacity comments and suggestions on any issues to meet the child with the intention to to consent, and the need to protect them discussed in the consultation paper. sexually abuse him/her. from sexual exploitation by perpetrators Copies of the consultation paper can be To combat such undesirable situations, using exploitative means or maintaining obtained either from the Secretary, Law the Sub-committee recommends an imbalanced relationship with them. Reform Commission, 4/F, East Wing, the creation of the offence of sexual The Sub-committee considers that Justice Place, 18 Lower Albert Road, grooming which would serve to protect the first category of offences can be Central, Hong Kong, or on the internet at children before the sexual abuse took subsumed under the general lack of www.hkreform.gov.hk. n place (Recommendation 22). This should consent model previously recommended also allow the Police to take early action by the Sub-committee. to investigate suggested cases of abuse In Chapter 11, the Sub-committee or potential abuse of children and young proposes a range of new offences persons which may serve as a deterrent which would be gender-neutral and to would-be sex predators. provide improved protection to PMIs Reform of Legislation in Respect of (Recommendations 23 to 30). Some Persons with Mental Impairment general provisions applicable to the new (“PMIs”) offences are also proposed, including: Around the time when this consultation defining situations where a relationship paper was published in November 2016, of care exists; exceptions to liability; the local community had a heated requirement as to knowledge of mental debate over the adequacy of protection illness; and the evidential burden as provided to mentally incapacitated regards the accused’s knowledge of the persons. In this paper, Chapter 10 illness (Recommendations 31 to 34). provides a comprehensive discussion on Reform of Sexual Offences involving what approaches might be adopted for Abuse of a Position of Trust reform of legislation in respect of PMIs. This area of reform relates to the A review of current legislation in Hong protection of young persons aged 16 Kong and overseas revealed that the or above, but under 18 (ie, 16 and 17 types of offences provided for in respect year-olds), from those who are in a of sexual activity with PMIs fell into two position of trust with regard to them.

www.hk-lawyer.org 41 • December 2016

法律改革委員會關於《涉及兒童及精 神缺損人士的性罪行》諮詢文件概述

作者 鄧樂勤 資深大律師，主席 性罪行檢討小組委員會

016年11月，法律改革委員會性罪 21歲以下的女性進行肛交仍屬違法。 性別差異？ 行小組委員會發表了一份關於《涉 2 William Roy Leung一案裁定(Leung TC 就罪行無分性別(gender neutrality)而言， 及兒童及精神缺損人士的性罪行》諮詢 William Roy v SJ [2005] 3 HKLRD 657 海外司法管轄區(包括澳洲、加拿大、英 文件，當中載述其對有關改革的現行建 (原訟法庭)(參見CACV 317／2005，上 格蘭和威爾士、以及蘇格蘭)的總體立法 議。這是一系列共四份諮詢文件中的第 訴法庭維持有關裁決))，《刑事罪行條 趨勢，是在不受性剝削的保護方面，實 二份，內容涵蓋對性罪行的全面檢討， 例》第118C條的規定，適用於年齡在 行男女童待遇平等，而在涉及兒童和少 和主要涉及保護原則的性罪行。也就是 16歲或以上，及21歲以下的男性，乃屬 年人的犯罪方面，亦採納罪行無分性別 說，刑事法應當保護某些類別的弱勢群 違憲和無效；在審視了其他司法管轄區 原則。因此，建議2提出，涉及兒童和 體，使其免於遭受性侵犯或剝削。 於訂立劃一的同意年齡方面有上升趨勢 少年人的罪行應當無分性別(gender-neu- 該等弱勢群體包括兒童、精神缺損人士 後，小組委員會認為，並沒有理由提高 tral)。然而，法律應反映對兩類少年人的 及少年人(其他人對他們而言，是處於受 或降低現時的同意年齡，亦沒有理由讓 保護，即：13歲以下兒童，和16歲以下 信任地位)。諮詢期將於2017年2月10日 同性和異性在涉及性的行為方面，於法 兒童，並應就兩者分別訂有不同系列的 結束。 律規定上存在差別。 罪行(建議3)。 此外，涉及兒童和少年人 的罪行，除了成年罪犯外，兒童罪犯亦 也許有人認為，降低同意年齡可能會產 概述各項主要建議 可以干犯(建議5)。 生不良後果，例如，鼓勵尚未成熟的兒 同意年齡 童過早進行涉及性的行為。然而，建議 絕對法律責任 同意年齡(age of consent)是指一個門檻 提高同意年齡也可能會招致其他人的批 目前在香港，與16歲以下的人性交，屬 年齡(threshold age)，而在該年齡以下的 評，因為這一建議並沒有顧及到，現時 於絕對法律責任(absolute liability)罪行， 人進行涉及性的行為(sexual activity)，將 的兒童在生理和心理方面的成熟程度， 被控人不得以不知道，或沒有理由懷疑 屬於非法。香港現時大部分罪行的同意 已比以前提早了許多。因此，建議1提議 有關兒童未滿16歲作為免責辯護。 年齡皆為16歲。然而，雖然《2014年成 將香港的同意年齡劃一規定為16歲，並 文法(雜項規定)條例》已將進行同性肛交 在某些海外司法管轄區，涉及年滿13歲 且不論某人的性別或性取向為何，均應 的同意年齡降至16歲，但根據《刑事罪 但未滿16歲的兒童的性罪行，並不屬於 予以適用。 行條例》第118D條(第200章)，男性與 絕對法律責任罪行(這與香港目前所規

42 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • CRIMINAL 刑 事 法

定的情況有別)，而其主要論據是：從公 涉及性的行為；導致13／16歲以下兒童 小組委員會贊同第二類罪行方面的做 義和公平的角度出發，如果有人出於合 觀看性影像(sexual image)；以及，安排 法，因為它們能夠在下述二者之間，取 理理由和真意，而錯誤地相信有關兒童 或利便干犯兒童性罪行。 得一個適當的平衡：一方面，我們要尊 並非未足齡人士，該人不應受到懲處。 重該等其精神缺損程度，並未嚴重至沒 為性目的誘識兒童 小組委員會充分理解，對於涉及年滿13 有行為能力作出同意的人士的性自主權 歲但未滿16歲兒童的罪行，應否對其施 為性目的誘識兒童(sexual grooming)， (sexual autonomy)；另一方面，要保護 加絕對法律責任的問題，各有支持和反 是指戀童癖者(paedophile)為了對兒童作 他們免受犯罪者對他們進行性剝削(通過 對的理由，亦明白當中必然存在意見分 出構成性罪行的行為而「誘識」兒童的 利用剝削手段，或基於雙方之間存在不 歧。因此，建議6提出，絕對法律責任應 現象。戀童癖者會藉多次與兒童溝通來 平衡的關係)。小組委員會認為，第一類 否適用於涉及年滿13歲但未滿16歲兒童 進行誘識，以博取兒童的信任和信心。 罪行可歸入他們過往所建議的一般「未 的罪行，在作出相關建議前，這一議題 他們通常會以電子方式來與兒童進行聯 經同意」的模式之下。 應先交由香港各界人士討論。 繫，例如採用流動電話或互聯網。戀童 小組委員會在第11章建議新訂立一系列 癖者最終會要求與兒童見面，意圖對 不分性別，並能為「精神缺損人士」提 年滿13歲但未滿16歲的人經同意下進 他／她們作出性侵犯。 行的涉及性的行為 供更佳保護的罪行(建議23-30)。此外， 為了遏止此等不良情形發生，小組委員 他們亦提出了若干適用於新訂罪行的一 一般人普遍認同，任何人與13歲以下的 會建議訂立一項「為性目的誘識兒童」 般規定，包括就如下情況作出界定：照 幼童進行涉及性的行為，是絕對不可以 的新罪行，從而保護兒童免被性侵犯(建 顧關係的存在；法律責任的例外情況； 接受的行徑。可是，對於年滿13歲但未 議22)。此舉可讓警方及早採取行動，對 關於知悉有精神病一事的規定；有關被 滿16歲的少年人而言，如果雙方是在經 有跡象顯示，有兒童及少年人受到侵犯 控人知悉受害人有精神病一事，在證據 同意下進行涉及性的行為，刑事法是否 或將會受到侵犯的個案作出調查，並可 上的舉證責任等(建議31-34)。 應對此施加干預呢？社會人士對這問題 加以阻嚇意欲犯案的性捕獵者(sex pred- 的看法未必盡然相同。 ators)。 對涉及濫用受信任地位的性罪行的改革 小組委員會認為，根據保護原則 這一改革範疇，是關於保護16歲或以上 改革與精神缺損人士有關的法例 (protective principle)，社會不應鼓勵兒 但未滿18歲(即16及17歲)的少年人，使 童在身心狀況還未能承擔後果之前，進 在本諮詢文件於2016年11月發表之 他／她們不致被處於受信任地位的成年人 行涉及性的行為。因此，小組委員會建 時，本地社區曾就「精神上無行為能 所侵犯。這一群體的年齡雖然過了同意年 議，將在年滿13歲但未滿16歲的少年 力人士」是否獲得提供充足保護，進行 齡，但仍未算是成年人，對於為他／她們 人之間，於雙方同意下進行的所有涉及 了激烈的辯論。本文件第10章全面討 進行立法，當中存在正、反兩方面的論 性的行為，一律訂為刑事罪行，但控方 論了可以如何對關乎「精神缺損人士」 點。例如，有些人會認為，16歲和17歲 可行使檢控酌情權(prosecutorial discre- (Persons with Mental Impairment)的法例 的少年人已有足夠成熟程度作出選擇，而 tion)，只對適當的案件提出控告(建議8) 作出改革。 其真實關係應當獲得承認；另一方面，也 。例如，有關行為倘若並不涉及性剝削 在對香港和海外的現行法例所進行的研 有論點認為，這一少年人群體仍應當根據 (sexual exploitation)，該等案件可按照 究顯示，與「精神缺損人士」進行涉及 保護原則而受到保護。鑑於目前社會上對 警司警誡計劃(Police Superintendents’ 性的行為的罪行可分為兩大類。第一類 這一議題意見分歧，小組委員會認為在提 Discretion Scheme)，以警司警誡方式處 罪行涉及下述情況：一名「精神缺損人 出相關建議前，應當先就這一議題諮詢公 理(這項舉措在香港一直行之有效)。 士」如符合「精神上無行為能力人士」 眾的意見(建議40)。 的定義，那麼與這名「精神缺損人士」 訂立新罪行 進行某些界定類別的涉及性的行為，即 諮詢 小組委員會在第7章建議訂立一系列涉 屬違法(例如，一名男子與精神上無行為 有關的諮詢期將會持續三個月，直至 及兒童且不分性別的新罪行，從而為兒 能力的人進行肛交)。第二類罪行適用於 2017年2月10日結束，小組委員會歡迎 童提供更廣泛的保護(建議9-15)。此等 其精神缺損程度，並非嚴重至令他／她 社會各界人士，就諮詢文件所討論的任 罪行包括：對13歲以下兒童作出插入行 對該等涉及性的行為缺乏同意能力的「 何議題提出其意見、看法和建議。諮詢 為；對16歲以下兒童作出插入行為；性 精神缺損人士」。然而，雖然該名「精 文件的副本，可向香港中區下亞厘畢道 侵犯13／16歲以下兒童；導致或煽惑13 神缺損人士」具有作出同意的能力，但 18號正義廣場東翼4樓法律改革委員會秘 ／16歲以下兒童進行涉及性的行為；在 是他／她所作出的「同意」，是犯罪者 書處索取，亦可以透過互聯網下載，網 13／16歲以下兒童在場的情況下，進行 使用剝削手段而不當獲得的。 址為www.hkreform.gov.hk。 n

www.hk-lawyer.org 43 • December 2016

Third Party Funding for Arbitration in Hong Kong: Law Reform Commission’s Final Report

By Kim M. Rooney, Arbitrator and Barrister Gilt Chambers

44 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • DISPUTES 爭 議

n 12 October 2016, the Law Reform and the Hong Kong public and consistent Global Law and Practice Commission (“LRC“) released its with the relevant principles that the O As summarised in the Consultation Final Report on Third Party Funding Court of Final Appeal has formulated. Paper, third party funding of arbitration for Arbitration (the “Final Report”) The LRC also considered that a party is currently permitted in all but one of recommending that the Hong Kong with a good case in law should not the world’s major arbitration centres. The Arbitration Ordinance (Cap. 609) be be deprived of the financial support it remaining centre (Singapore) announced amended to provide that the common needs to pursue that case by arbitration in June 2016 that it intends to amend law doctrines of maintenance and and associated proceedings under the its law to permit it and introduced champerty do not apply to third party Arbitration Ordinance. Compliance with legislation to do so in October 2016. funding of arbitration and associated the ethical and financial safeguards proceedings under the Arbitration set out in the Final Report by third LRC’s Review of the Third Ordinance (namely emergency arbitrator party funders of arbitration with the Party Funding for Arbitration proceedings, mediation and court monitoring, supervision and review The Sub-committee was established proceedings). framework that the LRC proposed, will in June 2013, following a request The Final Report was published following protect against potential abuse. by the Secretary for Justice and the a study by the LRC’s Third Party Funding Finally the LRC considered that these Chief Justice to the LRC to review for Arbitration Sub-committee (the “Sub- reforms are necessary to enhance “the current position relating to Third committee”) established in June 2013* of Hong Kong’s competitive position as an Party Funding for arbitration for the the relevant law in Hong Kong and in the international arbitration centre and to purposes of considering whether main arbitration centres of the world. avoid Hong Kong being overtaken by its reform is needed, and if so, to make The results of the Sub-committee’s competitors. such recommendations for reform as study were summarised in the appropriate.” Sub-committee’s consultation What is Third Party Funding? The Sub-committee’s work included paper published in October 2015 As the Final Report discusses Third Party reviewing the application of the ancient (the “Consultation Paper”). The Funding of Arbitration is where there is: (700 year old) legal principles of Consultation Paper made preliminary maintenance and champerty to funding (i) funding by a body without an interest recommendations for reform of the law of arbitration. recognised by law in the arbitration and invited public comment. As outlined (other than under the funding Maintenance has been defined below, 73 responses to it were received agreement) as: “the giving of assistance or from members of the public which encouragement to one of the parties were overwhelmingly supportive of the (ii) of a party (or prospective party’s) to an action by a person who has preliminary recommendations. These costs and expenses of an arbitration neither an interest in the action nor any were taken into account in formulating (iii) in return for a share of the proceeds other motive recognised by the law as the final recommendations in the Final from the arbitration if it is successful justifying his interference.” Report published in October 2016. as defined in the funding agreement. Champerty has been defined as: Thus it involves a “third person” to the Reasons for “a particular kind of maintenance, arbitration providing financial “assistance Recommendations namely maintenance of an action in or support to a party to” the arbitration consideration of a promise to give to In the Final Report concluded that the (or other proceedings). The third party the maintainer a share of the subject reform of Hong Kong law is needed to funder will be compensated only from matter or proceeds thereof, if the make it clear that third party funding of the funded party’s net recoveries from action succeeds.” arbitration and associated proceedings the proceedings (after deduction of under the Arbitration Ordinance is agreed costs and expenses). A funded The question of whether the principles permitted under Hong Kong law, party will not have to pay any amount to of maintenance and champerty provided that appropriate financial and the third party funder if the proceedings also apply to third party funding for ethical safeguards are complied with. are unsuccessful. arbitration taking place in Hong Kong They considered that such reform would was expressly left open by the Court of be in the interests of the arbitration users Final Appeal in 2007 in the case of Unruh

* The members of the Subcommittee consisted of Ms Kim M Rooney (Chair) Barrister, Ms Teresa Y W Cheng, SC, Senior Counsel, Mr. Justin D’Agostino Global Head of Practice – Dispute Resolution., Herbert Smith Freehills. Mr Victor Dawes, SC Senior Counsel, Mr. Jason Karas, Principal Lipman Karas and Mr Robert Y H Pang, SC Senior Counsel.

www.hk-lawyer.org 45 • December 2016

v Seeberger (2007) 10 HKCFAR 3. They to third party funding of arbitration consideration be given as to whether confirmed that these principles continue and associated proceedings under the the non-application of the common to apply in Hong Kong and to prohibit Arbitration Ordinance. law principles of maintenance and third party funding of litigation, both as champerty should be extended to Among other things, the LRC a tort and as a criminal offence, save in mediation within the scope of the recommended that the proposed three exceptional areas: Mediation Ordinance (Cap. 620). amendments of the law should also (i) where a third party has a legitimate apply to the funding of services provided If the law is revised as the LRC interest in the outcome of the in Hong Kong for arbitrations taking recommends, lawyers will likely need litigation; place outside Hong Kong. However, third to advise their clients of the possible (ii) where a party should be permitted party funding provided either directly or option of seeking third party funding to obtain third party funding, so as indirectly by a person practising law or for arbitration and related proceedings. to enable him/her to have access to providing legal services should not be Among the LRC’s recommendations justice; and permitted to avoid conflicts of interest by is that the professional conduct rules lawyers in serving their clients. applicable to barristers, solicitors, and (iii) in miscellaneous recognised foreign registered lawyers should be The LRC also recommended that categories of proceedings including amended to expressly state the terms appropriate standards should apply to insolvency proceedings (for and conditions upon which such lawyers the provision of third party funding in some years third party funding may represent parties in Arbitrations Hong Kong, proposing the adoption of of insolvency has been regularly and related court proceedings funded by a “light touch” regulatory approach for sanctioned by the Hong Kong third party funders. It will be important an initial period of three years. Third Courts). for lawyers to review these and comply party funders funding arbitration in with them. Results of Public Consultation Hong Kong should comply with a Code of Practice (the “Code”) to be issued by Responses to the October 2015 Implementation of the LRC’s a body authorised under the Arbitration Consultation Paper were received Recommendations from 73 various interested parties Ordinance after public consultation On 22 November 2016, the Department during the consultation period, which setting out the standards (including of Justice (“DoJ“) submitted to the included responses from accounting ethical and financial) that they should Panel on Administration of Justice firms, arbitral institutions, arbitrators, comply with. and Legal Services of the Hong Kong barristers, chambers of commerce, The LRC recommended that the Legislative Council (the “AJLS Panel”) consumer and public interest groups, Advisory Committee on the Promotion a paper setting out the approach to the financial sector, government bureaux of Arbitration should be nominated implementation and response to the and departments, third party funders, by the Secretary for Justice to be the Recommendations in the Final Report insurers and insurers’ associations, and Advisory Body under the Arbitration (the “DoJ’s Paper”) and attaching a law firms. Ordinance to monitor the conduct of draft Code of Practice for Arbitration at third party funding for arbitration and The public’s response to the four Annex B. preliminary recommendations made in the implementation of the Code, and to The DoJ’s Paper states that, following the October 2015 Consultation Paper liaise with stakeholders. The Advisory the publication of the Final Report, was overwhelmingly supportive, as may Body should issue a report reviewing the DoJ has consulted the legal and be seen from paragraphs 2.2 at pp. the Code’s operation three years after arbitration professional bodies, as well 13–14 of the Final Report, and in the it has come into effect, and make as the Steering Committee on Mediation, more detailed discussion of the public recommendations as to the updating on the Final Report’s recommendations. response that follows. of the ethical and financial standards contained in it. The DoJ Paper observes that the organisations which have responded The Recommendations in the The Final Report includes in its have indicated support, including Final Report Appendix 1 a set of draft proposed support by the Steering Committee amendments to the Arbitration As outlined in the introduction, the on Mediation for the proposed Ordinance to implement the LRC’s LRC recommended that the Arbitration consequential amendments to the Recommendations in the Final Report. Ordinance be amended to provide Mediation Ordinance. that the common law doctrines of The LRC also recommended that maintenance and champerty not apply The Government takes the preliminary

46 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • DISPUTES 爭 議

view that, from the perspective of promoting Hong Kong’s arbitration services, the proposed law reform is desirable, so that Hong Kong, as one of the leading centres for international legal and dispute resolution services in the Asia Pacific region, can keep up with the latest practice in international arbitration and hence enhance its competitive 香港的第三方資助仲裁： position. The DoJ’s Paper refers to the consultation process involved for 法律改革委員會的最終報告書 the draft Code of Practice. It states also that a draft Code in relation to 作者 甘婉玲 仲裁員及大律師 Gilt Chambers third party funding for mediation will be drawn up for consultation with 律改革委員會於2016年10月12日發 此外，法律改革委員會亦認為，假如當事方透 relevant stakeholders. 法表了《第三方資助仲裁最終報告書》 過《仲裁條例》下的仲裁及相關法律程序來進 The DoJ’s Paper states, among (下稱《最終報告書》)，建議對香港的《仲 行追討，是有充分的法律依據，那麼他們所需 other things, that the Government 裁條例》(第609章)作出修訂，訂明在普通法 的財政支援便不應受到剝奪。在法律改革委員 proposes to introduce legislative 下的助訟和包攬訴訟法則，並不適用於第三 會所建議的監察、監管和檢討架構內，只要仲 amendments to the Arbitration 方資助在《仲裁條例》下的仲裁及相關法律 裁的「第三方出資者」遵從《最終報告書》所 Ordinance and the Mediation 程序(例如：在緊急仲裁員席前進行的程序、 列明的專業操守及財務保障規定，便可以防止 Ordinance to ensure that third party 調解、法院程序等)。 出現可能的濫用情況。 funding of arbitration and associated proceedings is not prohibited 法律改革委員會轄下的「第三方資助仲裁小 最後，法律改革委員會確認，進行此等改革是 by the common law doctrines of 組委員會」(下稱「小組委員會」)於2013年 必須的，因為此舉可加強香港作為國際仲裁中 maintenance and champerty; and 6月成立1。該委員會對香港及全球各個主要 心的競爭地位，並避免香港被其競爭對手所超 to provide for related measures 仲裁中心的相關法例進行研究後，發表了這 越。 份《最終報告書》。 and safeguards based on the Final 何謂第三方資助？ Report. As to the way forward, the 「小組委員會」在其於2015年10月發表的 DoJ’s Paper states that, subject to 正如《最終報告書》中所述的，的涵義是： 諮詢文件(下稱《諮詢文件》)中，概述了他 the comments of the members of the (i) 有關的仲裁，是由在該仲裁中並無任何獲 們的研究結果。《諮詢文件》就相關法律改 AJLS Panel, the Government intends 法律承認的利害關係的人士所資助(根據 革提出了初步建議，並徵詢社會人士的意 to implement its legislative proposals 資助協議提供資助的除外)； by introducing an amendment bill 見。如下所述，「小組委員會」共收到了73 (ii) 所資助的，是某一仲裁方(或準仲裁方)的 into the Legislative Council in early 份來自社會各界的意見，而當中絕大多數對 2017. 該初步建議表示支持。所有這些意見，已在 仲裁費用及開支； 「小組委員會」為2016年10月發表的《最 (iii) 並意圖藉著此等資助，分享相關仲裁在獲 Conclusion 終報告書》而訂定最終建議的過程中，予以 得勝訴時所取得的利益(如資助協議所界 In the event the Arbitration Ordinance 充分考慮。 定的)。 is amended, as foreshadowed, it will 建議的理由 因此，它是關於某一仲裁程序的「第三方」， be clear that under Hong Kong law 向該仲裁程序(或其他法律程序)的其中一個當 third party funding of arbitration 法律改革委員會在《最終報告書》中所作出 事方提供財政上的「協助或支援」。該「第三 and related proceedings under the 的結論是，香港需要對相關法例進行改革， 方出資者」，將只可向「受資助方」收取從 Arbitration Ordinance is permitted, 從而清楚訂明在符合適當的財務與專業操守 有關法律程序中所獲得的「討回淨得益」(net with appropriate measures and 保障規定的情況下，香港的法律准許由第三 recoveries)(須扣除所協議的費用和開支)，並 safeguards in place. This should 方資助在《仲裁條例》下的仲裁及相關法律 以此作為報酬。「受資助方」如果未能在有關 serve arbitration users, support Hong 程序。該委員會認為，此等改革符合仲裁使 的法律程序中勝訴，他將無須向「第三方出資 Kong’s role as a leading international 用者及香港社會人士的利益，亦與終審法院 者」支付任何款項。 arbitration and dispute resolution 所訂立的相關原則一致。 centre and enhance Hong Kong’s 1. 小組委員會的成員包括甘婉玲大律師(主席)、鄭若驊資深大律師、史密夫·斐爾律師事務所解決爭議 competitive position. n 業務全球主管歐智樂先生、杜淦堃資深大律師、立祁律師事務所主管Jason Karas先生、及彭耀鴻資 深大律師。 www.hk-lawyer.org 47 • December 2016

全球的法律和實務 裁機構、仲裁員、大律師、商會、消費者及 中一項建議是：，以訂明上述法律執業者在 正如《諮詢文件》中所述的，全球所有主要 公眾利益團體、金融界、政府政策局和行政 「第三方出資者」所資助的仲裁及相關法院 仲裁中心(除了一個)現時都允許實行第三方資 部門、第三方出資者、保險公司和保險公司 程序中代表當事方的條款及條件。因此，對 助仲裁，而餘下的一個主要仲裁中心 — 新加 協會，以及律師事務所。 於此等規定，律師切勿等閒視之，並必須加 坡，亦已於2016年6月宣布，他們打算修訂 公眾對該份《諮詢文件》所提出的四項初步 以遵從。 法例，讓該國在2016年10月進行立法，從而 建議，給予非常積極的支持，而箇中情況， 法律改革委員會建議的實施 實行第三方資助仲裁。 可從《最終報告書》第13-14頁第2.2段， 律政司在2016年11月22日向香港立法會司 法律改革委員會對第三方資助仲裁 以及在隨後就公眾回應所作的詳細討論中得 法及法律事務委員會(下稱「司法及法律事務 所進行的檢討 知。 委員會」)提交了一份文件，當中載列落實「 鑒於律政司司長與終審法院首席法官向法律 《最終報告書》的建議 最終報告書」中各項建議的方法，並就該等 改革委員會提出，要求該委員會檢討「現行 正如在引言中所指出的，法律改革委員會建 建議作出回應 (以下簡稱「律政司文件」)， 與第三方資助仲裁有關的情況，以考慮是否 議修訂《仲裁條例》，從而訂明助訟及包攬 而其《附件B》中，亦載有一份《仲裁實務守 需要進行改革；以及，若有需要的話，則按 訴訟的普通法法則，不應適用於第三方資助 則》擬稿。 實際情況提出改革建議」。據此，「小組委 在《仲裁條例》下的仲裁及相關法律程序。 「律政司文件」指出，隨著「最終報告書」 員會」遂於2013年6月成立。 此外，法改會亦建議，有關第三方資助仲裁 的發表，他們已就該報告書中的各項建議， 「小組委員會」的工作，包括檢視該等已相 的法律修訂，應適用於為在香港以外地方進 諮詢了法律和仲裁專業機構、「調解督導委 當古舊的助訟與包攬訴訟法則(已有700年歷 行的仲裁，而在香港本地提供的服務所作出 員會」等方面的意見。「律政司文件」亦指 史)，是否適用於為仲裁提供資助的該等做 的資助。然而，由從事法律執業或提供法律 出，作出回應的機構，均表示它們支持報告 法。 服務的人士所直接或間接提供的第三方資 書中的建議，其中包括「調解督導委員會」 對《調解條例》的擬議相應修訂的支持。 「助訟」的定義是：「一名人士給予訴訟 助，不應將其包含在准許之列，以避免律師 的其中一方協助或鼓勵，而該名人士在該 在為其客戶提供服務時產生利益衝突。 政府初步認為，從推廣香港的仲裁服務的 宗訴訟中，並不涉及任何利益，亦不具有 法改會亦建議，適當的標準應適用於香港的 角度來看，進行建議的法律改革是可取的做 任何其他獲法律承認的動機，足以證明他 第三方資助規定，並建議在為期三年的初始 法，因為它能有助於使香港－作為亞太區 具有適當的理由介入該宗訴訟。」 階段，採用「輕力度」的規管模式。在香港 其中一個主要的國際法律與爭議解決服務中 心－追隨國際仲裁的最新發展，從而提升其 「包攬訴訟」的定義是：「助訟中的一種 為仲裁提供資助的「第三方出資者」，應遵 競爭地位。「律政司文件」提述了與《實務 特定類別，而其含義是，在某一宗訴訟中 從在進行公眾諮詢後，由根據《仲裁條例》 守則》擬稿有關的諮詢程序，而該文件亦指 向當事人提供協助，從而換取該當事人的 獲授權的機構所發出的《實務守則》(以下 出，當局將會草擬一份與第三方資助調解有 承諾，在該訴訟獲得勝訴後，資助者將可 簡稱《守則》，當中訂明了他們所應當遵從 關的《守則》，以便向相關的持份者進行諮 獲得其中一部分的標的物或收益以作為報 的標準，包括專業操守標準及財務標準) 。 詢。 酬。」 法改會建議，律政司司長應當根據《仲裁條 「律政司文件」提到，政府建議對《仲裁條 究竟助訟及包攬訴訟法則，是否亦適用於 例》，指定「仲裁推廣諮詢委員會」為「諮 例》及《調解條例》進行法律修訂，是為了 第三方資助者為該等在香港進行的仲裁 詢機構」，以監察第三方資助仲裁的運作情 確保第三方資助仲裁及相關法律程序，不會 提供資助？終審法院於2007年在Unruh v 況，實施《守則》，以及聯繫各持份者。此 被助訟及包攬訴訟的普通法法則所禁止；以 Seeberger (2007) 10 HKCFAR 3一案中， 外，「諮詢機構」亦應當在《守則》生效之 及，依據「最終報告書」來訂立有關的措 將有關問題懸空。終審法院在該案中裁定， 後三年，發表一份檢討《守則》實施情況的 施和保障規定。至於未來的工作，「律政司 該等法則將繼續適用於香港，亦即是：第三 報告書，並就當中所列載的專業操守標準及 文件」指出，在聽取「司法及法律事務委員 方為訴訟提供資助，乃屬侵權行為及刑事罪 財務標準，提出對其進行更新的建議。 會」各委員意見後，政府擬於2017年初向立 行，必須予以禁止，但下列三種情況例外： 《最終報告書》的附件1中，載有一份修訂 法會提交一項條例修訂草案，從而落實其立 《仲裁條例》的條文擬稿，以落實法改會在 (i) 第三方對有關的訴訟結果享有合法權 法建議。 益； 該報告書中所提出的建議。 結語 (ii) 若非取得第三方所提供的資助，當事方 此外，法改會亦建議考慮：助訟及包攬訴訟 將無從為自身尋求公義；及 等普通法法則的不予適用情況，是否應伸延 倘若對《仲裁條例》所作的修訂獲得通過(正 如所預示的)，那麼根據香港的法例，第三方 (iii) 獲認可的雜項類別法律程序(包括無力償 至在《調解條例》(第620章)適用範圍內的 資助《仲裁條例》下的仲裁及相關法律程序 債法律程序)。 調解程序。 將會明確獲得批准，並須符合適當的措施和 倘若有關法例是按法律改革委員會的建議進 公眾諮詢結果 保障規定。此等舉措，將可促進香港為仲裁 行修訂，那麼律師便很可能需要就尋求第三 就該項於2015年10月發表的《諮詢文件》， 使用者提供服務，支持香港所扮演的領先國 方為仲裁和相關法律程序提供資助的可能 法改會在諮詢期內，共收到73份來自社會各 際仲裁與爭議解決中心的角色，並提升香港 性，向其當事人提供法律意見。法改會的其 界人士的回應，當中包括會計師事務所、仲 在這方面的競爭能力。 n

48 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業 界 透 視

INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業 界 透 視

EMPLOYMENT LAW National Minimum Wage Regulations This finding was for the purpose of 2015, The Working Time Regulations allowing claims to proceed pursuant Driving for the boss or 1998 and the Employment Rights Act to The Working Time Regulations driving as a boss? 1996. Uber intends to file an appeal. 1998. There is no comparable law in In any event, the parties were asked Hong Kong. The Uber world did a double turn on to deliver written representations by 28 October when a UK employment • UBS’ annual “Price and Earnings” 2 December to the tribunal as to the best tribunal decided that Uber drivers are study found that Hong Kongers way forward to assess drivers’ claims. workers and not independent contractors, work the longest hours in the world, stating in its often times faintly mocking Insights out of all 71 surveyed countries. Moonlighting in Hong Kong is a way judgment, “the notion that Uber in Does the UK decision have implications of life and for Hong Kong Uber drivers, London is a mosaic of 30,000 small for Uber in Hong Kong? It is unlikely this is no exception. They bring their businesses linked by a common platform the employment tribunal’s finding will own tools of trade to the job (their is to our minds faintly ridiculous.” have immediate or even significant cars), choose their own hours and take implications for Uber drivers in Hong The Judgment on additional employment. Kong. Although the tribunal’s analysis The judgment was based in part upon is derived from a consideration of how The argument that Uber drivers are the fact that the tribunal found Uber much control Uber exercises over its anything but independent contractors enforced contract terms on drivers that drivers and this same control may very under Hong Kong law is as difficult as resort to “fictions, twisted language and well be exercised by the company in fitting a square peg in a round hole. even brand new terminology”, all for the Hong Kong, the employment legislation purpose of denying that Uber is running a - Adam Hugill, Partner, differs greatly between the UK and Hong transportation business. Oldham Li & Nie Lawyers Kong. For instance: The tribunal’s analysis revealed that • Hong Kong’s employment laws only 僱傭法 in fact, Uber does run a transportation provide for two types of working business through which its drivers people – employees and independent 誰是司機的老闆？ provide the skilled labour. The tribunal’s contractors. The notion of a “hybrid” considerations included the fact that 10月28日是全球Uber變天的日子；當 worker does not exist in Hong Kong Uber: interviews and recruits drivers, legislation. 日，英國勞資審裁法庭裁定Uber司機是 controls key information (such as 合約工人，不是獨立承包商；審裁法庭的 passengers’ names), requires drivers to • Hong Kong has no legislation to 判決書往往語帶嘲諷，這次的判決書就指 accept trips and/or not cancel trips, sets govern standard or minimum working 出：「我們認為，倫敦Uber是靠共用平台 the default route, fixes fares, subjects hours. In contrast, the UK passed The drivers to a de facto performance Working Time Regulations 1998. The 由30,000家小型企業拼湊而成這個說法， management procedure, determines UK tribunal considered at length the 聽來有點荒謬」。 issues about rebates, accepts the risk of question of “working time” for Uber 判決 loss, handles complaints by passengers drivers and concluded that, and reserves the right to amend drivers’ “… the Uber driver’s working time 判決有部分是建基於審裁法庭發現的一個 terms unilaterally. starts as soon as he is within his 事實：Uber把合約條款強加於司機，但合 territory, has the App switched on and 約條款是「假像，歪曲言辭，甚至用上全 The tribunal’s finding that Uber drivers is ready and willing to accept trips 新的術語」，目的是否認Uber在經營運輸 are workers paves the way for claimants and ends as soon as one or more of to continue proceedings pursuant to the those conditions ceases to apply.” 生意。

www.hk-lawyer.org 49 • December 2016

審裁法庭的分析揭示一個事實：Uber的 有很大差異。例如： the need to provide justification for the 確在經營運輸生意，其司機透過這門生意 return. • 香港僱傭法只規限兩類工作人士： 提供熟練的勞動力。審裁法庭考慮的因素 僱員和獨立承包商。香港法例不存在 The following products are expressly 包括，Uber：進行面試招聘司機；掌控重 excluded from the scope of protection: 「混合式」(hybrid)合約工人。 要資料(例如客人姓名)；規定司機必須載 • Tailor-made products. • 香港沒有法例規管標準工時或最低工 客及／或不可拒載；預設行車路線；固定 • Perishable products. 時，英國卻在1998年通過了《工時規 車資；規定司機必須符合實際工作表現管 • Opened or downloaded consumer 定》。英國審裁法庭詳細考慮了Uber 理程序的要求；就有關折扣的爭議作出決 audio and video products, computer 司機的工時「問題」，總結說「Uber 定；承受損失風險；處理乘客投訴及保留 software and other digital products. 司機一身處他的區域範圍內，開著程 單方面修訂司機條款的權利。 • Newspapers and periodicals. 式，準備好並願意載客，工時就開始 The following products also may be 審裁法庭裁斷Uber司機是合約工人， 計算，而以上一項或多過一項條件結 excluded, if the seller obtains the 申索人因而得以根據2015年《國家最 束時，立即停止計算。」這個裁決的 consumer’s consent at the time of the 低工資規定》(National Minimum Wage 目的是讓一方可以根據1998年《工時 sale: Regulations 2015)、1998年《工時規 規定》提出申索。香港沒有相若的法 • Products that can easily change or 定》(The Working Time Regulations 1998) 例。 that threaten health or safety by being 及1996年《僱傭權利法》(Employment unpacked. • 瑞銀的年度《價格與收入》研究發 Rights Act 1996)繼續法律程序。Uber打 • Products that are significantly 現，在所有71個受訪國家中，香港是 算上訴。不管怎樣，雙方被要求在12月2 devalued by being activated or by trial 全球工時最長的地方。在香港，兼職 use. 日之前向審裁法庭提交書面陳述，為將來 是香港Uber司機的生活方式，沒有人 評定司機的申索做好準備。 • Products that when sold have a clear 例外。他們自備謀生工具(他們的汽車) limited shelf life or a defective nature. 高李嚴律師行的見解 上班，自己選擇時間做兼職。 To be eligible for return, a product (and 英國的裁決對香港Uber有影響嗎？勞資審 爭辯指Uber司機在香港法律下不是獨立承 related accessories or trade marks) must be intact and retain its original quality 裁法庭的裁斷不大可能對香港Uber司機有 包商，就如方枘裝圓鑿，難度可想而知。 and functionality. Although opening 即時甚或重要的影響。儘管審裁法庭的分 - Adam Hugill 合夥人，高李嚴律師行 and reasonably testing a product does 析源於其考慮到Uber在多大程度上控制 not disqualify it for return, testing a 其司機，而香港Uber可能也正同樣控制著 product beyond its quality and functional Uber司機，但是英國的僱傭條例和香港的 requirements to significantly devalue the GC AGENDA product does disqualify it for return. SAIC Circulates Draft Rules The draft measures follow similar to Implement Right to provisions in the Law of the People’s Return Online Merchandise Republic of China on the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests 2013 On 27 September 2016, the State (“2013 Consumer Protection Law”) and Administration for Industry and the recent draft implementing rules for Commerce (“SAIC”) circulated for public the 2013 Consumer Protection Law. comment the Announcement of the State Administration for Industry and Market Reaction Commerce on Soliciting Public Opinions Paul McKenzie, Managing Partner, on the “Implementing Measures for Seven- Morrison & Foerster, Beijing and day Unconditional Return of Products Shanghai Purchased Online (Draft for Comments)” “The draft SAIC measures are a welcome 2016, which will take effect 15 March effort to clarify the practical application 2017. of the general provisions of the Consumer The draft measures give consumers who Protection Law introducing the seven- purchase certain products using the day return policy. By seeking to make internet, television, telephone, mail order clearer, for example, what products are and other related means a limited right reasonably exempted from the policy, to return those products for a full refund and also the proper condition of goods within seven days of receipt without being returned under the policy, the

50 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業 界 透 視

measures should help reduce abuses • 銷售時已明示的臨近保質期的商品、 Courts 2016. of the policy by both unscrupulous 有瑕疵的商品。 The measures establish a Network merchants and over-demanding 消費者退回的商品(包括配件和商標標識) Service Providers Review Committee consumers.” 必須是完好的，能夠保持原有品質和功 charged with the selection, evaluation and removal of network service providers. Action Items 能。打開商品包裝進行合理調試的商品不 General Counsel for manufacturers, 會被拒退回，不過，超出查驗商品品質和 To qualify under the measures, online retailers and other distributors of 功能而使用商品，導致商品價值貶損較 auction services providers must possess products sold online (or through the following: 大的，則不可退回。實施辦法草案依循的 television, telephone, mail order and so 是《中華人民共和國消費者權益保護法》 • The equipment, funds and personnel on) in China will want to advise business to ensure a secure and orderly online (2013修正)(「《2013消費者權益保護 colleagues of consumers’ rights under auction. the 2013 Consumer Protection Law 法》」)的類近規定，以及最近的《2013 • Nationwide prominence and and the implication of these recent 消費者權益保護法》實施規定草案。 recognition as a leader in the field. implementing drafts, and ensure that they have put in place robust internal 市場回應 • At least one year of experience conducting public affairs online procedures to carry out returns (and the 「工商總局草擬實施辦法，以釐清實際上 corresponding refunds) and to object to auctions. 如何應用《消費者權益保護法》有關七日 improper and unqualified requests. • No record of illegal activities. 退回政策的一般規定，誠屬可喜。草案闡 • The qualifications and security - Practical Law China 明實施辦法的規定，比方說，列明有理由 systems required under laws and 獲豁免政策規定的商品及根據政策退回完 regulations. 法律顧問備忘錄 好商品的標準，因此應該有助減少奸商和 • An open system with advanced 工商總局發布實施退回網絡商 貪得無厭的消費者濫用政策。」 technology that is compatible with the courts and capable of expansion over 品權利的規定草案 跟進事項 time. 2016年9月27日，國家工商行政管理總局 為國內透過網絡(或電視、電話、郵購等) • Specified technical capabilities. (「工商總局」)發布國家工商行政管理總局 銷售商品的廠家、零售商及其他分銷商工 The measures empower the review 作的法律顧問，一定想根據《2013消費 關於對《網絡購買商品七日無理由退貨實 committee to: 者權益保護法》向公司同事提供有關消費 施辦法(徵求意見稿)》公開徵求意見的公 • Ensure a service provider is not 者權利的意見，以及這些新公布實施辦法 告。實施辦法自2017年3月15日起施行。 capable of manipulating the auction 草稿的影響，確保他們已經設置穩健的內 實施辦法草案給予消費者收貨後七日內無 process. 部程序收回退貨(及退還相應款項)，拒絕 理由退貨並獲全數退款的有限制權利，而 • Engage a third party to appraise new 不恰當和不符合規定的退貨要求。 applicants. 享有這種權利的都是利用互聯網、電視、 • Conduct an annual evaluation of 電話、郵購及其他相關方式購買某類商品 - Practical Law China service providers already in the 的消費者。 database. 下列商品列明不包括在保護範圍內： Online providers must promptly report to GC Agenda the review committee major changes in • 訂造商品。 their normal operations. • 鮮活易腐的商品。 SPC Creates Database of Online Judicial Auction Market Reaction • 消費者拆封的或者在線下載的音像製 Service Providers Jerry Fang, Partner, Global Law Offices, 品、電腦軟件等數字化商品。 On 19 September 2016, the Supreme Shanghai • 報紙及期刊。 People’s Court (“SPC”) issued the “The network judicial auction has in 下列商品如果在銷售時得到消費者確認， Measures of the Supreme People’s recent years become a very popular and 亦可以不包括在內： Court for the Establishment and successful means to auction enforced Management of the Database of Online properties. In fact, online judicial auctions • 拆封後商品性質容易改變、影響生命 Service Providers 2016, which took effect are widely applauded for making 健康或人身安全的商品。 20 September 2016. judicial enforcement more efficient and • 一經激活或者試用後價值貶損較大的 The measures help implement the transparent, therefore substantially 商品。 Provisions on Several Issues concerning reducing the potential corruption risks. Network Judicial Auctions by People’s The measures will help to implement

www.hk-lawyer.org 51 • December 2016

the SPC interpretation on network 《辦法》賦權評審委員會： in some of Hong Kong’s liquor licensed judicial auctions by standardising the • 確保服務提供者無辦法操控拍賣過 establishments. qualifications of service providers. While 程。 The claim for damages was dismissed there are a few famous network judicial • 委託第三方評審新申請入庫的網絡服 because he was unable to show any auction platforms currently in operation, 務提供者。 injury to his feelings as a result of other regional platforms are being any allegedly discriminatory acts (his established. By establishing a database • 每年評估已入庫的網絡服務提供者。 claim having been premised on ss. 5, of qualified network service providers, the 網絡服務提供者必須及時向評審委員會報 6 and 28 of the Sex Discrimination measures will help to ensure an orderly 告在其正常運作中出現的重大變化。 and regulated environment for network Ordinance (Cap. 480)). The claimant 市場回應 judicial auctions.” also abandoned his claim for exemplary 方建偉合夥人，環球律師事務所(上海) damages. Action Items 「網絡司法拍賣近年成為非常受歡迎並成 The judgment and purported practice of General Counsel for companies 功的強拍財產方式。事實上，網絡司法拍 discounted entrance fees are noteworthy interested in purchasing assets through 賣提高司法強制執行的效率和透明度，大 for a number of reasons. online judicial auctions should take a 大降低潛在貪腐的風險，因而廣受好評。 close look at the auction procedures Discriminatory: The respondent (the 《辦法》規範網絡服務提供者的資格，有 detailed in the measures to ensure the operator) of the premises chose not to 助落實最高院有關網絡司法拍賣的解釋。 business can reach an informed decision appear in the proceedings. Therefore, 雖然現時運作中的知名網絡司法拍賣平台 on the bidding strategy. the claimant obtained an interlocutory 寥寥可數，但還有其他正在建立的地區平 judgment for damages to be assessed. 台。藉著建立合資格網絡服務提供者名單 - Practical Law China While a “door discrimination” practice 庫，《辦法》有助確保網絡司法拍賣在運 may be unlawful, the judgment does 作有序並受規管的環境下進行。」 法律顧問備忘錄 not conclusively decide on the merits or 最高院設立網絡司法拍賣服務 跟進事項 otherwise of a practice that resembles Ladies’ Night. Furthermore, the legality of 提供者名單庫 在有興趣透過網絡司法拍賣購買資產的公 司工作的法律顧問，應當鑽研《辦法》中 gender-based price disparity appears to 2016年9月19日，最高人民法院(最高院)發 列明的拍賣程序細節，確保公司能夠在競 be an issue in respect of which there is a 布《最高人民法院關於建立和管理網絡服 投策略上作出知情決定。 dearth of case law. 務提供者名單庫的辦法》(「《辦法》」)， Industry Practice: For now, a practice 自2016年9月20日起施行。 - Practical Law China of discounted entrance fees appears to 《辦法》有助落實2016年《最高人民法 continue and is apparently regarded 院關於人民法院網絡司法拍賣若干問題的 as an industry norm within much of 規定》。 HOSPITALITY the entertainment industry. It is worth bearing in mind that the claimant 《辦法》設立網絡服務提供者名單庫評審 “Ladies’ Night” launched his claim with the assistance of 委員會，負責與網絡服務提供者有關的選 “Ladies’ Night” was the title of a hit 定、評審和除名工作。 song in 1979 by Kool & the Gang. The 根據《辦法》，合資格網絡拍賣務提供者 purported practice of “Ladies’ Night” 必須具備以下條件： provides some of the background to the • 保障網絡拍賣安全並有序進行的設 recent case of Yiu Shui Kwong v Legend 備、資金及人員。 World Asia Group Ltd [2016] HKEC 2313, • 在同類平台中取得行業公認的領先地 DCEO Action No. 8 of 2015. 位。 In particular, the claimant sought • 已開展涉公共事務領域網絡拍賣業務 damages for injury to his feelings 一年以上。 following a visit to an establishment • 無違法違規記錄。 operated by the respondent. On the evening in question, the claimant visited • 具備法律法規規定的資格和安全管理 the establishment (a Club venue) which 體系。 apparently operated a discounted • 具備系統開放性和技術先進性，能與 entrance fee for adult female customers. 人民法院兼容及順應需求提升擴展服 Some readers may be familiar with the 務。 concept that resembles Ladies’ Night; • 特定技術的能力。 by all accounts, a well-known practice

52 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業 界 透 視

the Equal Opportunities Commission. It 折扣。讀者可能都曉得女士之夜這類噱頭 PRC will be interesting to see whether other 背後的概念；眾所周知，這是香港一些持 claims follow or whether there are any 有酒牌的場所的營商手法。 Significant Changes to Data consequences for a premises’ liquor and Cybersecurity Practices licence. 損害賠償申索被駁回，因為申索人無法證 under PRC Cybersecurity 明任何他聲稱的歧視行為對他的感情造成 Damages for “Injury to Feelings”: The Law 了任何傷害(他的申索是以《性別歧視條 case is a useful summary of common The PRC Cybersecurity Law will come law principles relating to an award 例》(第480章)第5、6及28條為前提)。申 into force on 1 June 2017, and has of such damages and of exemplary 索人亦放棄他的懲罰性損害賠償申索。 significant implications for the data damages. On a fair reading of the privacy and cybersecurity practices 基於多個原因，判決和據稱的入場費折扣 judgment, it appears that the court of both Chinese companies and had limited sympathy for any hurt to 是值得注意的。 international organisations doing business in China. the claimant’s feelings; indeed, some 歧視性：場所的答辯人(經營者)選擇不出 may interpret the outcome in the case 庭。因此，申索人取得非正審判決，損害 While Chinese officials maintain that the as (in part) a victory for common sense. new law is not closing the door on foreign 賠償有待評估。雖然「入場歧視」(door For example: (i) in the context of the companies, there has been widespread claim for exemplary damages, the court discrimination)可能違法，但判決不是給類 international unease that competition makes a point of stating that it did not 似Ladies' Night的營商手法的理據或其他 may be stifled. There is also concern regard the claimant as a “true victim” 方面一錘定音。此外，男女價格不一是否 regarding data localisation, perceived of discrimination; and (ii) the court 合法是一個爭論點，但似乎這個爭論點缺 increased surveillance, and the handover of proprietary information to Chinese rejected the claimant’s representative’s 乏可供依循的判例法。 argument that the respondent’s absence authorities. Other new obligations from the proceedings, and the fact that 業界做法：現時來說，入場費折扣的營商 – including enhanced personal the proceedings were publicly funded, 手法看來會繼續下去，很多娛樂行業明顯 data protections – have been less controversial, but could signal a change justified a departure from the general 視之為業內的常用手法。有必要記住，申 to the enforcement environment in China. practice (in District Court proceedings 索人是在平等機會委員會的協助下提出申 under the Ordinance) that each party Some of the key provisions include: 索的。我們都有興趣知道日後會否有其他 bear its own costs. • A range of new obligations that apply 申索提出，或者對場所酒牌會否帶來任何 to organisations that are “network - Warren Ganesh, Smyth & Co in 後果。 operators”. There is speculation that association with RPC 「情感傷害」的損害賠償：這宗案件相當 this definition could potentially catch * With acknowledgment to Cynthia Claytor, any business that owns and operates 有用，總結了判給這類損害賠償和懲罰 Editor, Hong Kong Lawyer. IT networks/infrastructure or even just 性損害賠償的普通法原則。持平地理解判 websites in China. 娛樂服務業 決內容之後，法庭看來不大同情受到感情 In terms of data protection, the 傷害的申索人；事實上，有些人可能按 new law formalises as binding legal 「女士之夜」 其常識，把案件的結果(部分)理解為一次 obligations some safeguards that were previously only perceived as 「Oh yes it's ladies' night, oh what a 勝利。例如：(i)就懲罰性損害賠償申索而 best practice guidance in China. 言，法庭表明不會視申索人為被歧視的 night, oh what a night」是1979年Kool & Network operators must comply the Gang的流行曲Ladies' Night(《女士之 「真正受害人」；及(ii)申索人的代表爭辯 with comprehensive data protection 夜》)其中一句歌詞。這個有可能成真的 指答辯人缺席不出庭，法庭拒絕接納這論 obligations, including notification/ consent, data security and breach 「女士之夜」可以使你了解多一點最近的 點，加上法律程序是由公帑資助，因而具 notification requirements. While an 有充分理由不依循(根據《條例》的區域 訴訟案Yiu Shui Kwong v Legend World earlier draft specifically provided 法院法律程序中)一般做法，各方須自行 Asia Group Ltd [2016] HKEC 2313(平等 protection to personal information of 機會訴訟案2015年第8號)的背景。 支付訟費。 “citizens”, the final law does not make this distinction, and so seemingly 特別是，申索人是到過答辯人經營的場所 - 莊偉倫，Smyth & Co與RPC聯營 offers a broader protection to all 之後，才就受到的情感傷害申索損傷賠 personal information. 償。事發當晚，申索人到某場所(一間酒 * 鳴謝《香港律師》編輯Cynthia Claytor As regards network security, network 吧)消遣，場所明顯給予成年女顧客入場 operators must fulfil certain tiered security obligations according to

www.hk-lawyer.org 53 • December 2016

the requirements of a classified to review their data compliance 密網絡系統的規定，履行某些相應的安 cybersecurity protection system, which programmes before the new law comes 全責任；這個系統訂明了各種各樣的安 prescribes a wide range of security into force and as further guidance 全措施、標準及通報規定。 measures, standards and reporting becomes available. 網絡經營者亦必須給國家安全機構提供 requirements. - Carolyn Bigg, Of Counsel, DLA Piper 技術支援和協助。這種合作的形式及範 Network operators must also provide 圍目前仍未清楚界定。 technical support and assistance to 中國內地 state security bodies. The form and • 除非有進行經政府批准的安全評定程 extent of such co-operation is not 中國《網絡安全法》給數據 序，或者其他中國法例准許海外轉移， currently clear. 及網絡安全作業模式帶來重 否則在中國營商期間由「主要的信息基 • Chinese citizens’ personal information 礎設施經營者 and “important data” gathered 大變化 • 搜集或生產的中國公民個人資料及 and produced by “key information 中國《網絡安全法》將於2017年6月1日 infrastructure operators” (“KIIOs”) 「重要數據」，必須存儲在中國境界範 during operations in China must be 起施行，對在華營商的中資企業及國際機 圍內。雖然新法具體說明某些行業(例 kept within the borders of the PRC, 構有關個人信息和網絡安全的作業模式具 如公眾事業和金融服務)會被當作為主 unless a Government-approved 有深遠影響。 要的信息基礎設施經營者，但信息基礎 security assessment is conducted or 雖然中方官員強調新法不是關上門，把海 設施經營者的定義仍然含糊，加上考慮 other PRC laws permit the overseas 到違反安全規定的影響，這個名稱因而 transfer. While the new law specifies 外公司拒諸門外，但國際間已經瀰漫不安 that certain sectors (such as utilities 氣氛，擔心新法可能扼殺競爭，也有人對 可以包含多種不同機構。「個人資料」 and finance) will be considered KIIOs, 於在境內存儲資料、增強監測預警，以及 已有定義，不過可以構成「重要數據」 the definition remains vague and 向中國當局移交專有資料的規定表示關 的資料種類目前還未確定。 also considers the impact of security 注。其他新責任――包括加強保護個人資 • 增添的安全保障適用於主要的信息基 breaches, and so could capture a 料――過去較少受到爭議，但也可以是中 礎設施經營者，包括員工審查和訓練責 broader range of organisations. While 國執法環境改變的訊號。 “personal information” is defined, 任，以及年度評估。將來會應用嚴格的 the types of information that might 重要規定包括： 網絡採購程序。 constitute “important data” is also • 「網絡產品、服務」的提供者亦必須遵 • 有多項適用於「網絡經營者」機構的新 currently unclear. 守規定的安全措施、標準和通報規定， 責任。有人猜測這個定義有可能包括在 • Additional security safeguards apply 更必須提供不能在協定的客戶合約年期 中國擁有或經營資訊科技網絡∕基礎設 to KIIOs, including staff vetting and 內終止的安全維護支持。這需要技術提 training obligations, and annual 施，甚至只是網站的公司。 供者更新其現時的維護建議和合約。 assessments. Strict network-related 說到資料保護，新法把一些過往在中國 • 網絡關鍵設備和網絡安全專用產品必須 procurement procedures will apply. 只被視為最佳營商指引的安全措施，規 由政府認證，或者通過安全檢查規定。 • Providers of “network products 範為具有約束力的法律責任。網絡經營 and services” must also comply 者必須履行全面保護資料的責任，包括 應用和執行新法的方法仍然存在具大不確 with prescribed security measures, 通知 ∕同意書、資料安全及違反通知的 定性。機構應當在新法施行及其他指引發 standards and reporting 出之前，檢視其數據合規計劃。 requirements; and notably must 規定。雖然早前的草案特別規定保護 provide security maintenance support 「公民」的個人資料，但最終的法例沒 - Carolyn Bigg 顧問律師，歐華律師事 that cannot be terminated within the 有這個規定，因而似乎是要更廣泛地保 務所 agreed customer contract term. This 護所有個人資料。 will require technology providers to 至於網絡安全，網絡經營者必須按照保 update their current maintenance offerings and contracts. • Critical network equipment and specialised cybersecurity products must obtain government certification or meet safety inspection requirements. Great uncertainties remain as to how the new legislation will be applied and enforced. Organisations are advised

54 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業 界 透 視

PROFESSION hoc admission to appear in the lower 專業導論 courts (in this case, complex criminal Ad hoc Admission of proceedings in the District Court) on the 以專案性質獲認許為海外大 Overseas Counsel: Not basis that the proceedings are headed 律師：沒有變得更為容易 Getting Any Easier? for the CFA; however, this (of itself) does not mean that the application will 嗎？ Just like some yellow buses in Central, be granted. In any event, matters were 就像部分中環皇巴士一樣了，沉寂一段時 after a period of quiet, publicly reported somewhat overtaken by the CFA’s recent 間之後，偶爾地一連有三宗處理海外律 cases dealing with applications by judgment in HKSAR v Yang Sigai (Industry overseas counsel for ad hoc admission Insights, November 2016 – “Dealing 師申請以專案性質獲認許為大律師的案件 in Hong Kong sometimes come along Offence: Overseas Conduct”). 被編入公開檔案。三宗都是近期申請失敗 in “threes”. In this instance, three recent Like it or not, some takeaway points (for 的案件：David Perry QC [2016] HKEC unsuccessful applications: re David Perry now) include the following. 2323、Tim Owen QC [2016] HKEC QC [2016] HKEC 2323, re Tim Owen QC [2016] HKEC 2272 and re Jonathan • While the Hong Kong Bar Association 2272及Jonathan Caplan QC [2016] Caplan QC [2016] HKEC 1704. does not object to some applications HKEC 1704。 for ad hoc admission (which can As is customary, all three applications 按照慣例，三宗申請初審時由上訴法庭法 proceed by way of consent, subject to were heard by a Judge of Appeal sitting approval by the court) it would appear 官審理。 at first instance. that contested applications are not 在Perry QC案，申請人重新申請以專案性 In re Perry QC, the application for ad getting any easier. hoc admission was a renewed one; the 質獲認許為大律師。申請人(香港人對他 • When applications for ad hoc applicant (no stranger to Hong Kong) 不感到陌生)原先不獲准代表某宗裁判法 admission are contested, there having failed to obtain permission to 院上訴案的兩名上訴人到原審法官席前應 appears to be a trend towards more appear on behalf of two appellants in a vociferous opposition from the Bar 訊(2016年5月《業界透視》–「認許海 magistracy appeal before a judge of first Association, including on occasion 外大律師及不利的訟費令」)；這一次， instance (Industry Insights, May 2016 seeking adverse costs orders. 申請人申請代表兩名上訴人向終審法院上 – “Admission of Overseas Counsel and In fairness, it is understood that * Adverse Costs Orders”). This time around 訴委員會申請上訴許可 。扼要地說，申 those counsel instructed to oppose the applicant applied to represent 請人申請失敗，因為法庭(沒有預先斷定 applications on behalf of the Bar the appellants on an application to Association do so on a pro bono basis. 上訴許可的申請)認為，是項申請的爭論 the Appeal Committee of the CFA for 點不是源於裁判法院上訴案，對本地法學 permission to appeal*. In short, the • The fact that the applicant may be 沒有多大助益，並且不是異常深奧或複 application failed because (without the “best” (whatever that may mean) prejudging the application for permission is not relevant and (in this context) a 雜。 litigant does not have an unfettered to appeal) the court considered that it 在Owen QC案(香港人同樣對他不感到陌 was made with reference to issues that right to instruct an advocate of his or 生，例如HKSAR v Jutting)，申請人申請 did not arise out of the magistracy appeal her choice. 代表被告人向終審法院上訴委員會申請上 or that did not contribute substantially to • The role that the “CFA factor” plays local jurisprudence or were not unusually on applications for ad hoc admission 訴許可(上訴法庭撤銷了被告人的定罪判 difficult or complex. appears to evolve and to mean 決，下令案件重審)。申請人申請失敗， different things in different contexts In re Owen QC (again, no stranger 因為法庭不信納是項申請所關乎的上訴產 (and to different judges). This may aid to Hong Kong eg, HKSAR v Jutting), 生了前所未見，或者異常深奧或複雜的爭 the court’s overall discretion (to do the applicant applied to represent a 論點**。 what is in the “public interest”) but defendant on an application to the arguably is at the expense of clarity for Appeal Committee of the CFA for 在Caplan QC案，基於訴訟即將提交終審 those advising whether an application permission to appeal (the Court of 法院，申請人可以無阻地申請以專案性 should be made. Appeal having quashed the defendant’s 質獲認許為大律師到下級法院(這次是區 conviction and ordered a retrial). The - David Smyth, Smyth & Co in 域法院複雜的刑事程序)應訊。不過，這 application failed because the court was association with RPC (本身)不意味申請必定獲批；不管怎樣， not satisfied that the application was with * At the time of writing, the Appeal Committee respect to an appeal in which the issues 事情多少受到終審法院最近在HKSAR v was due to hear the application for permission Yang Sigai的判決影響(2016年11月《業 raised were either novel or unusually to appeal on 9 November 2016. difficult or complex**. 界透視》–「處理罪行：海外的行為」)。 ** At the time of writing, the Appeal Committee As in re Caplan QC, there is nothing was due to hear the application for permission 不管喜歡與否，歸納的重點(現時來說)包 to stop an applicant applying for ad to appeal on 8 November 2016. 括以下幾項。

www.hk-lawyer.org 55 • December 2016

• 雖然香港大律師公會不反對某些尋求 以專案性質獲認許為大律師的申請(只 要經由法庭批准，可以藉同意進行)， 但有爭議的申請似乎沒有變得更為容 易。 •似乎有趨勢顯示，當申請人尋求以專案 性質獲認許為大律師的申請受到爭議 時，大律師公會的反對程度比較過往 更為強烈，包括有時要求不利的訟費 being applicable to purchases by non- single residential property within six 令。公平地說，我們都知道，那些受 Hong Kong permanent residents and/ months from the date of completing 委託反對申請的大律師是以義務性質 or if the purchaser already owns another the new transaction. 代表代表大律師公會提出反對。 residential property at the time of the • An acquisition of old residential subsequent purchase. •申請人可能是「最好的」(不論是指哪 properties for redevelopment purpose. 一方面)與申請結果並無關係，(就此而 Key Features of New AVD Rates The AVD paid excess of that payable 言)訴訟人延聘他或她選擇的出庭代訟 • There will be a flat rate of 15 percent under lower rate at Scale 2 (ie, the difference between higher rate at Scale 1 人的權利並非不受任何約束。 of the purchase price applied, irrespective of the amount or value of and the lower rate at Scale 2) would be •「終審法院因素」(CFA factor)在尋求 consideration. refunded. 以專案性質獲認許為大律師的申請所 • The flat rate will apply to all The duty is on the applicable to prove to 發揮的作用，似乎在逐步發展，情況 residential purchases, irrespective of the satisfaction of the Collector of Stamp (及法官)不同，所指的事情亦有不同。 whether the purchaser is individual, Duty that the relevant criteria for the 這可能有助於法庭行使全面酌情權(做 company or otherwise. refund are satisfied. 符合「公眾利益」的事)，但也可以 • The flat rate will apply to all Non-Residential Properties Not 認為，對於建議應否提出申請的人來 agreements for sale and purchase Affected 說，卻是失去了清晰度。 executed on or after 5 November Transactions relating to non-residential 2016, unless specifically exempted or properties will not be affected by the 施德偉，Smyth & Co與RPC聯營 provided otherwise in the Stamp Duty change. Ordinance. * 筆者撰寫本文時，上訴委員會預定在2016年11 Conclusion 月9日聆訊上訴許可申請。 • The ADV must be paid within 30 days after the execution date. The Stamp Duty Ordinance will need to ** 筆者撰寫本文時，上訴委員會預定在2016年11 be amended to incorporate the above Exceptions & Exemptions 月8日聆訊上訴許可申請。 changes. It remains to be seen whether According to Government, exemptions the actual amended provisions will tally and exceptions to the payment of with the above measures so announced AVD rates already provided for in the by the Government. REAL ESTATE Ordinance will continue to apply. The FAQ published by the Inland HK Residential Property One key exception is on residential Revenue Department can be found here: Stamp Duty Jump to 15% property acquired by a Hong Kong http://www.ird.gov.hk/eng/faq/index. permanent resident (“HKPR”) who: htm#avd. As an attempt to cool off residential • is acting on his/her own behalf; and property market, the Hong Kong Such drastic increase of the AVD rates Government, on 4 November 2016, • does not own any other residential will no doubt cool down the residential announced that the Stamp Duty property in Hong Kong at the time of property market with immediate effect. Ordinance would be amended to increase acquisition. However, given the increasing demand the ad valorem stamp duty (“AVD”) rates For those purchases, the lower rate under for domestic homes and the consistent for all residential property transactions Scale 2 of AVD is chargeable. shortage of residential land supply to a flat rate of 15 percent with effect on (which, interestingly, is controlled by 5 November 2016. Refund Mechanism Hong Kong Government itself), it remains The refund mechanism under the to be seen whether and how this new This is a significant leap from the so- existing regime is also retained. Some measure could effectively contain the called “Double Stamp Duty” (Scale 1 of key examples include: heat in residential property market in AVD) under the current regime, which long-run. stands at a range of 4.25 to 8.5 percent, • An HKPR buyer who changes his/her - Alan Yip, Partner, Mayer Brown JSM

56 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業 界 透 視

房地產 •收購舊式住宅物業作重建用途。 agreements; and (ii) a prohibition of any 已繳付「從價印花稅」中超出根據較低的 provision in a client agreement which is 香港住宅物業印花稅調高至 inconsistent with the Code of Conduct 第2標準稅率計算應付稅款的部分(即按較 or which misdescribes the services to be 15% 高的第1標準稅率與較低的第2標準稅率計 provided to a client. 香港政府於2016年11月4日宣布將修訂 算的差額)會獲退還。 As with previous occasions (for example, 《印花稅條例》以把所有住宅物業交易 申請人有責任向印花稅署署長證明他∕她 22 January 2015), the SFC has provided 的「從價印花稅」稅率劃一調高至15% 已經符合獲退還稅款的相關標準，並且須 guidance on the client agreement ，2016年11月5日生效，冀藉此為住宅物 證明至印花稅署署長信納的程度。 regime by responses to FAQs; this time 業市場降溫。 with respect to the application of the 非住宅物業不受影響 suitability clause. Key points to note are 新稅率遠高過目前機制下被稱為「雙倍印 as follows. 與非住宅物業相關的交易不會受到新措施 花稅」(「從價印花稅」第1標準稅率)介乎 影響。 • There are limited circumstances in 4.25%至8.5%的稅率；「雙倍印花稅」適 which an intermediary can waive the 用於非香港永久性居民及∕或買家在置業 結論 need to enter into a client agreement; 時已經擁有另一住宅物業的情況。 for example, an intermediary engaged 《印花稅條例》將需要作出修訂以納入上 by an institutional professional 述變更。實際經修訂的條文會否符合上述 新「從價印花稅」稅率重點 investor. Where an intermediary 政府公布的措施，我們還得拭目以待。 • 適用稅率將劃一為買價的15%(不論物 chooses to enter into a client agreement, the need for which could 業價值或售價多少)。 稅務局刊發的常見問題可在這裡找到： otherwise be waived, the intermediary http://www.ird.gov.hk/chi/faq/index.htm •劃一稅率將適用於所有住宅物業的買賣 is not required to include the 交易(不論買家是個人、公司還是其他)。 大幅調高「從價印花稅」稅率無疑會即時 suitability clause in the agreement. •劃一稅率將適用於所有在2016年11月 為住宅物業市場降溫。然而，長遠而言， The ISDA master agreement (a master service agreement used in derivative 5日或之後簽立的買賣協議，惟《印花 基於住宅單位需求不斷增加，住宅地供 transactions between institutional 應持續短缺(有趣的是，土地供應是由香 稅條例》明確豁免或另有規定的則除 clients) would not normally include 外。 港政府控制)，新措施能否壓抑住宅物業 the suitability clause. 市場的過熱樓價，成效如何，仍然有待分 •「從價印花稅」須於簽立日期後30天內 • All intermediaries that are licensed 繳付。 曉。 or registered for Type 9 regulated activity (asset management) or that 例外情況和豁免 - 葉冬生合夥人，孖士打律師行 provide discretionary investment 根據政府資料，《印花稅條例》已規定的 management services should include 繳付「從價印花稅」稅率的豁免和例外情 the suitability clause in their client agreements, unless they are entitled 況將繼續適用。 REGULATORY to exemptions as set out in paras. 35 主要獲豁免的是香港永久性居民取得住宅 Client Agreements and SFC and 36 of the SFC’s Consultation 物業的情況，而他∕她： Guidance on FAQs Conclusions (dated 8 December 2015). •是代表自己行事；及 Given its importance, the topic of the SFC’s new “suitability clause” (to be • Intermediaries should have regard •在取得有關住宅物業時，在香港沒有擁 incorporated into financial intermediaries’ to paras. (a) to (i) of the definition 有任何其他住宅物業。 client agreements) has featured in of “professional investor” in s. 1 * (“Interpretation”) of Schedule 1 of the 就上述買賣徵收的稅率為較低的「從價印 several previous editions of this journal . Securities and Futures Ordinance 花稅」第2標準稅率。 The new provisions for client agreements (“SFO”) when determining whether come into effect on 9 June 2017. Some an unregulated fund, a hedge fund 退還稅款的機制 licensed or registered intermediaries or a sovereign wealth fund can be carrying out regulated activities are 現時退還稅款的機制亦會保留。部分主要 treated as an institutional professional aiming for implementation before 例子包括： investor for the purpose of not the deadline. Chief among the new including the suitability clause in an •在完成新交易日期起六個月內轉換他∕ provisions are: (i) the suitability clause agreement with such clients. 她唯一住宅物業的香港永久性居民買 and its non-derogation provision (para. • An intermediary carrying out 家。 6.2(i) of the SFC’s Code of Conduct) as corporate finance work (for example, part of the minimum content of client

www.hk-lawyer.org 57 • December 2016

advising on a new share placement or rights offer) that comes within the definition of “advising on corporate finance” in Part 2 of Schedule 5 of the SFO should generally be able to rely on para. 6.4 (“Limited provision of services”) of the Code of Conduct to exclude the suitability clause from a client agreement. • No modification to the wording of the suitability clause is permitted, other than to standardise references to the 述的合約條款。 專業投資者時，應留意《證券及期貨 parties and such like; for example, 條例》附表1第1條(「釋義」)「專業投 altering “we” to “the Firm” and “you” 正如過往的情況一樣(例如2015年1月22 資者」第(a)至(i)段所載的定義。 to “the Customer”. 日)，證監會回覆常見問題，藉以提供與 • As for the practical issue of how best 客戶協議制度有關的指引；這次是與合適 •從事企業融資活動(例如就新股配售或 to update existing client agreements 性規定條款的應用有關的指引。以下為幾 供股提供意見)的中介人，只要活動屬 (for example, by way of amendment or 個我們要留意的重點。 於《證券及期貨條例》附表5第2部的 replacement), in order to make them 「就機構融資提供意見」的定義範圍 compliant with the new provisions •中介人在有限的情況下，例如為機構 內，一般可以《操守準則》第6.4段(「 of para. 6 of the Code of Conduct, 專業投資者提供服務，可以寬免訂立 提供有限度的服務」)為依據，不把合 the SFC’s response suggests that 客戶協議的需要。凡中介人選擇訂立 intermediaries “seek legal advice 適性規定條款納入客戶協議中。 客戶協議，而訂立客戶協議的需要原 on this if in doubt”. Options include •不得改動合適性規定條款的用詞，但 本是可以寬免的，中介人就不需要在 a negative consent approach or 規範對訂約方的提述及類似改動則除 re-execution of client agreements. 協議納入合適性規定條款。國際掉期 外，例如把「我們」和「閣下」分別 Customers may wish to review their 和衍生工具協會(ISDA)總協議(機構客 改為「本公司」和「客戶」。 mail carefully. 戶就衍生工具交易而在彼此之間所訂 •為了符合《操守準則》第6段的新條款 - Jonathan Cary, Smyth & Co in 立的總服務協議)通常不會納入合適性 規定，中介人需要更新現有的客戶協 association with RPC 規定條款。 議(例如修訂或取代客戶協議)，但實際 • 所有獲發牌或註冊從事第9類受規管 * November 2014, December 2014, April 2015, 問題是怎樣才是最佳的更新方式？證 and January 2016. 活動(資產管理)的中介人，或所有提 監會就這問題建議中介人「如對此有 供全權委託投資管理服務的中介人， 疑問，應諮詢法律意見」。選擇包括 監管 均應將合適性規定條款納入其客戶協 以不提出反對即表示同意的方式，或 議中，除非中介人有權獲得在(日期為 重新簽立協議。客戶或許希望重新仔 證監會回應常見問題以提供有 2015年12月8日的)證監會諮詢總結第 細翻閱其郵件。 關客戶協議的指引 35及36段列明的豁免。 鑑於(將納入金融中介人客戶協議的)「合 •中介人的客戶如果不受監管的基金、 - 莊啟禮，Smyth & Co與RPC聯營 對沖基金或主權財富基金，為了不在 適性規定條款」的重要性，《香港律師》 * 2014年11月、2014年12月、2015年4月及 過往幾期都有刊登以證監會這條新條款為 客戶協議中納入合適性規定條款，中 2016年1月。 題的特寫文章*。 介人在釐定這些客戶可否被視作機構

適用於客戶協議的新合約條款在2017年 Feel free to write in to us with more short contributions on latest industry developments 6月9日生效。某些從事受規管活動的持 and trends. Simply contact the editor at: [email protected] 牌或註冊中介人正努力在最後限期前實 本刊歡迎各位提交短篇文章，廣大讀者分享業界的最新發展和動態。請與本刊編輯聯絡。 施新規定，當中有兩條重要的新合約條 電郵：[email protected] 款：(i)以合適性規定條款和「非減損」條

款(證監會《操守準則》第6.2(i)段)作為 The information provided here is intended to give general information only. It is not a complete statement of the law. It 客戶協議的基本內容之一；及(ii)禁止在 is not intended to be relied upon or to be a substitute for legal advice in relation to particular circumstances. 客戶協議納入任何與《操守準則》相牴 本欄所提供的資訊僅屬一般資訊，並不構成相關法律的完整陳述，亦不應被依賴為任何個案中的法律 觸或對將向客戶提供的服務構成失實描 意見或被視作取代法律意見。

58 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • CASES IN BRIEF 案 例 撮 要

CASES IN BRIEF 案 例 撮 要

CIVIL EVIDENCE law concerning the allegations (the 民事證據 “Summons”). Rs argued, inter alia, that Re Inno-Tech Holdings Ltd the proposed evidence was in breach of Re Inno-Tech Holdings Ltd [2016] HKEC 1900 para. 20 of Practice Direction 5.2 [2016] HKEC 1900 (PD 5.2). Court of First Instance 原訟法庭 Miscellaneous Proceedings No. 241 of Held, dismissing the Summons, that: 高院雜項案件2015年第241號 2015 • PD 5.2 applied to these proceedings 原訟法庭法官陳健強內庭聆訊 Anthony Chan J in Chambers as para.1 states that it “applies to 2016年9月1日 1 September 2016 all civil actions in the Court of First Instance …” and the proceedings did Expert evidence – not fall within any of the exceptions 專家證據 — 根據第241(2)(d)條 disqualification proceedings identified therein. However, since 而進行的取消公司董事資格程 against company directors the SFC’s supplemental skeleton 序 — 要求獲准許將關於中國法 arguments identified its proposed under s. 214(2)(d) – leave to 律的專家證據送交存檔和送達對 file and serve expert evidence expert, when read together with the Summons, the SFC had prima facie 訟方 — 法律程序受制於《實務 on PRC law – proceedings established the admissibility of the 指示5.2》 — 是否違反《實務指 subject to Practice Direction intended expert evidence and there 示》— 是否有必要把尋求呈交的 5.2 – whether breach of was no breach of para. 20 of PD 5.2. 證據呈堂以解決爭議 Practice Direction – whether • Notwithstanding, on the facts and proposed evidence necessary at this stage at least, no issue had 本案四名答辯人(以下統稱Rs)是一家外地 for resolution of issues been identified which the Court could 註冊的上市公司的唯一執行董事。證券 not resolve without the proposed 及期貨事務監察委員會(下稱「證監會」) R1–4 were the only executive directors expert evidence and it should not be of C, a listed foreign registered 根據《證券及期貨條例》(第571章)第 admitted. company. In disqualification 241(2)(d)條提起程序，尋求取消Rs的董 proceedings brought by the Securities 事資格，理由為他們曾在收購和處置一個 and Futures Commission (the “SFC”) 位於中國的金礦時違反謹慎責任。在該程 against Rs under s. 214(2)(d) of the 序中，Rs存檔誓章，指稱監管礦業公司的 Securities and Futures Ordinance 規定因國內制訂和實施三項主要新規例而 (Cap. 571) for breach of their duty of care in respect of the acquisition and 出現重大改變，而其導致原定執行計劃出 disposal of a gold mine in the PRC, Rs 現的阻滯和延誤原非在Rs意料之內。證監 filed an affirmation alleging that in light 會發出傳票，申請許可將關於上述指稱所 of three major new regulations in the 提述的中國法律的專家證據送交存檔和送 PRC (the “Regulations”), there were 達Rs。Rs反對該申請，理據之一為證監會 substantial changes in the regulatory 尋求呈交的證據違反《實務指示5.2》第 requirements governing mineral 20段的規定。 companies and the disruptions and delay caused to the original operation 裁決— 駁回上述傳票申請﹕ plan were initially unexpected by Rs. The SFC now sought leave to file •《實務指示5.2》適用於是項法律程 and serve expert evidence on PRC 序，因其第1段述明其「適用於原訟法

www.hk-lawyer.org 59 • December 2016

庭[……]的所有民事訴訟」，而是項 renewed application, that: against its refusal of an extension, such procedure not having been 法律程序不屬於其指明的任何例外情 • Whilst it was technically possible to objected to by the other side or the 況。然而，證監會已在補充論據大綱 appeal to the Court of Appeal against Trial Judge, would not be regarded as 內指定其打算聘用的專家，而按該大 a trial court’s refusal of an extension inexcusable delay. 綱與有關傳票的一併理解，證監會表 of time to appeal from its decision, • As to the prospects of success of the 面上已證明其所尋求呈交的專家證據 the obviously more straightforward course was to renew the application proposed substantive appeal, the 的可接納性，故證監會並無違反《實 for an extension before the Court of original grounds had no prospect of 務指示5.2》第20段的規定。 Appeal. Hence, this application to the success. The Court of Appeal, as had been repeatedly said, was cautious • 縱然如此，根據涉案事實，至少就現 Court of Appeal for leave to appeal against the trial court’s refusal of an in dealing with new or additional 階段而言，尚未出現法庭不得不倚賴 extension was treated by the Court grounds. The ones put forward 證監會所尋求呈交的專家證據來解決 of Appeal as a renewed application before the Court of Appeal were new 的爭議點，因此本庭不應接納該等證 before themselves for an extension. (although the applicant called them “additional”). There were absolutely 據。 • The approach in considering no merits in the new grounds. whether or not to grant an extension was as stated in Lee Chick Choi v CIVIL PROCEDURE Best Spirits Co Ltd (unrep., HCMP 民事訴訟程序 371/2015, [2015] HKEC 899) at Tang Chai On v Tang Sing Ki para.19 where this is said: “The legal Tang Chai On v Tang Sing Ki [2016] HKEC 1850 principles regarding an application [2016] HKEC 1850 Court of Appeal to extend time for an appeal are 上訴法庭 well established. In the exercise of Miscellaneous Proceedings No. 1632 高院雜項案件2016第1632號 of 2016 its discretion, the court will take into account the length of the delay, the 上訴法庭副庭長林文瀚 Lam V-P and Andrew Chan J reasons for the delay, the chances 原訟法庭法官陳慶偉 29 August 2016 of the appeal succeeding if an 2016年8月29日 Extension of time for appeals extension is granted, and the degree of prejudice to the other party if the – applications for leave to application is granted. Where the 延展上訴期限 — 就原審法庭拒絕 appeal against trial court’s delay is substantial and not wholly 延展就其決定提出上訴的期限申 refusal of extension of time to excusable, the applicant must show a 請上訴許可，以及在上訴法庭席 appeal from its decision and real prospect of success on the merits, 前重新申請延期 — 關於恰當程序 renewal application before not merely a reasonable prospect 的指引 — 行使酌情決定權的方法 Court of Appeal for extension of success.” It would be wrong to treat R (Hysaj) v Secretary of State for – guidance on appropriate 原審法庭拒絕申請人延展上訴期限的申 the Home Department [2015] 1 WLR 請。申請人不服申請被拒，申請向上訴法 procedure – approach to 2472 at para. 46 as warranting any exercise of discretion departure from that approach. 庭上訴的許可。原審法庭拒絕給予許可。 申請人於是就原審法庭拒絕延期，向上訴 The trial court refused the applicant an • Here, the time spent on the extension of time to appeal. Next, the inappropriate procedure of seeking 法庭申請上訴許可。該申請被上訴法庭視 applicant sought leave to appeal to the the trial court’s leave to appeal 為申請人重新提出的延展期限申請。 Court of Appeal against that refusal. Leave was refused by the trial court. The applicant then applied to the Court of Appeal for leave to appeal against the trial court’s refusal of an extension. Such application was treated by the Court of Appeal as a renewed application for an extension. Held, dismissing the renewed application before the Court of Appeal for an extension and the application for leave to appeal which was treated as such

60 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • CASES IN BRIEF 案 例 撮 要

裁決–駁回在上訴法庭席前重新提出的延 CIVIL PROCEDURE discovery and/or interrogatories, 期申請，也駁回上述被視為重新提出申請 which was contrary to principle. 的上訴許可申請。 Man On Sum v Man Ping Hei • Second, a summary order for account [2016] HKEC 2059 was not appropriate. There was • 原審法庭拒絕延展就其決定提出上訴 Court of First Instance clearly a dispute as to whether D had 的期限，雖然就此向上訴法庭上訴在 High Court Action No. 352 of 2015 rendered a “complete and proper 技術上可行，但是在上訴法庭席前重 Anderson Chow J in Chambers account” and this was a “preliminary 新申請延期顯然更為直接。因此，這 21 September 2016 question” which should be resolved first at trial, before D could be ordered 項就原審法庭拒絕延展期限而向上訴 to give such an account. Further, as to 法庭提出的上訴許可申請，被上訴法 Summary order for account the missing pages, if P in fact wanted 庭視為申請人在上訴法庭席前重新提 – order under O.43 r.1 sought a complete copy of the passbook, 出的延展期限申請。 for true and proper account he ought to have applied for specific for income and expenditure of • 考慮是否批准延期的方法正是Lee discovery, not an account. As for t’ong – O. 43 r. 1 not appropriate the unexplained entries, O. 43 was Chick Choi v Best Spirits Co Ltd(未 for seeking specific discovery, not designed as an instrument for 經彙報，HCMP 371/2015，[2015] answers to interrogatories or seeking answers to interrogatories HKEC 899)第19段所列明的方法： where dispute first needed to be or clarification of accounts already 「關於延展上訴期限申請的法律原則 resolved at trial rendered. 早已確立。法庭行使其酌情決定權 P was a member of a t’ong and D was 時，會考慮延誤時間的長短；延誤 民事訴訟程序 its sole registered manager. P brought 的理由；倘批准延期，上訴得直的機 proceedings under O. 43 r. 1 of the Rules Man On Sum v Man Ping Hei 會；以及倘批准申請，另一方蒙受損 of the High Court (Cap. 4A, Sub. Leg.) for [2016] HKEC 2059 害的程度。凡延誤情況嚴重及不能完 a summary order for a true and proper 原訟法庭 全辯解，申請人就必須證明有理據 account of the t’ong’s money, assets and 高院民事訴訟2015年第352號 致使上訴有確實的勝訴機會，而不 properties between 2003 and 2014, to be verified by an affidavit by D. D submitted 原訟法庭法官周家明內庭聆訊 只是合理的勝訴機會。」把R (Hysaj) that he had provided full accounts for 2016年9月21日 v Secretary of State for the Home the t’ong’s income and expenditure Department [2015] 1 WLR 2472第 every year by displaying in public places 訟費 — 關於帳目的簡易命令 — 46段視為法庭批准背離那個方法是不 the relevant ledgers and pages of the 對的。 passbook for the t’ong’s only bank 根據第43號命令第1條規則要求 account. P countered that there were 法庭下令就「堂」的收支提供真 • 在本案，申請人就原審法庭拒絕延期 irreconcilable discrepancies between the 實和妥善的帳目 — 第43號命令 向原審法庭申請上訴許可，但訴訟 figures in the ledgers and the passbook. 第1條規則不應用作尋求披露具體 另一方或原審法官都沒有反對有關程 The Master instead ordered D to provide 文件或回答質詢書，也不適用於 序，因此申請人把時間花在不恰當的 P with a complete copy of the passbook 涉及先要經由審訊解決的爭議的 程序上，不會被視為不能辯解的延 from 2004 to 2014 and explanations for 案件 誤。 entries in it other than “for updating [or] interest” (the “Order”). D appealed. P 本案原告人是某個「堂」的成員，被告人 • 說到擬提出的實質上訴的勝訴機會， argued that the Order should be upheld 則是該「堂」的唯一註冊司理。原告人 原先呈交的理由是沒有勝訴機會的。 as: (a) the passbook had missing pages; 根據《高等法院規則》(第4章，附屬法例 上訴法庭再三提到，上訴法庭會謹慎 and (b) some of the passbook entries A)第43號命令第1條規則提起法律程序， 處理新的或附加的理由。在上訴法庭 were unexplained. 要求法庭作出簡易命令，即下令被告人提 席前提出的都是新的理由(雖然申請人 Held, allowing the appeal, that: 供真實和妥善的帳目，詳述該「堂」於 稱之謂「附加的」)。新的理由完全沒 • The Order could not be justified. First, 2003至2014年間的金錢、資產和物業， 有理據可言。 if the Master had considered P was entitled to the account sought, she 而該帳目須由被告人以誓章核實。被告人 should have ordered D to provide it. 陳詞指，他透過按年在公共地方張貼該「 Instead, she had effectively turned the 堂」的相關分類帳及該「堂」唯一銀行戶 O. 43 application into one for specific 口的存摺的相關內頁，已提供該「堂」的

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所有收支帳目。原告人反駁指，該等分類 CIVIL PROCEDURE pleadings. The Recorder noted that all 帳所列數字與該等存摺內頁所列數字之間 the pleaded representations came from 有不能協調的出入。聆案官下令被告人向 Deyi Investment Ltd v Macjin Info-com D1’s personnel only and P had failed to establish any good case that D2 was 原告人提供該「堂」於2004至2014年間 Tek., Ltd [2016] HKEC 2032 a contracting party with P through D1 的完整銀行存摺副本以及就當中記項(但「 Court of Appeal as its agent for the purpose of seeking Civil Appeal No. 253 of 2015 關乎更新[或]利息」者除外)提供解釋(下稱 service out of the jurisdiction. As for 「涉案命令」)。被告人不服，提出上訴。 Cheung, Kwan and Barma JJA P’s application to further amend its 原告人辯稱涉案命令應獲確認，因為﹕(a) 15 September 2016 re-amended statement of claim by 有關存摺內頁不齊全﹔及(b)存摺內部份記 pleading that during the Negotiations, Writ – service – leave to serve the representations as to authority to 項未予以解釋。 writ out of jurisdiction – setting P came from D1 and D2’s personnel, 裁決 — 上訴得直﹕ aside – whether contract specifically S who was employed by both D1–2, the Recorder found that P had • 涉案命令無理可據。首先，聆案官 between plaintiff and second defendant within O. 11 r. 1(1)(d) not pleaded that S held such a position 若然認為原告人有權獲提供他所尋求 with D2 in September 2013 when the (iii) and (iv) – whether Recorder’s 的帳目，便理應下令被告人提供該帳 representations were allegedly made to approach to plaintiff’s 目。然而，聆案官實際上把根據第43 P; on D2’s undisputed evidence, it had application to amend pleadings, terminated S’s employment in August 號命令提出的申請變成要求披露具體 jurisdictional issue and merits 2012 (ie, before the Negotiations); and so 文件及∕或質詢書的申請，而此舉有 flawed the proposed amendment added nothing 違原則。 to P’s case on apparent authority. P P brought proceedings against D1–2, • 第二，在本案作出關於帳目的簡易命 appealed against both decisions of the two South Korean companies, alleging Recorder. 令並不合適。案中顯然出現關乎被告 that it had entered into a contract 人是否已提供「完全和妥善的帳目」 with D1, for and on behalf of D2, to Held, dismissing the appeal, that: 的爭議點，而法庭先要審理和解決這 purchase goods which D2 had refused • Although the Recorder had referred 項「初步問題」，然後才可下令被告 to deliver. P claimed against D2 as to the proposed amendment in her 人提供有關帳目。此外，關於被指遺 the principal of the contract, asserting discussion on the merits of the appeal that D2 had clothed D1 with apparent on service out of jurisdiction, this had 漏的存摺內頁，原告人若然其實想取 authority to represent that it was D2’s no impact on the overall soundness 得該存摺的完整副本，便理應申請披 agent during negotiations held in of her judgment because she had 露具體文件，而非要求獲提供帳目。 September 2013 (the “Negotiations”). also addressed the merits of P’s 至於未經解釋的記項，第43號命令並 P obtained leave to serve a writ out of case separately from its proposed 非旨在用來尋求回答質詢書或澄清已 jurisdiction on D2 on the basis of O. 11 amendment. Her approach in holding r. 1(1)(d)(iii) and (iv) of the Rules of the that the amendment should not be 提供的帳目。 High Court (Cap. 4A, Sub. Leg.) (the allowed unless P could show a good “Order”). The Recorder allowed D2’s arguable case that S was in D2’s application to set aside the Order and employ in September 2013 in order refused P’s application to amend its to demonstrate that a representation of D1’s agency emanated from D2 as its principal so as to ground leave for service out under one of the O. 11 r. 1(1) gateways was not flawed. • On the jurisdictional aspect, the Recorder was correct in applying the good arguable case test to the issue of whether P had sufficiently proved the existence of the contract with D2 on agency principles in order to bring its claim within O. 11, r. 1(1)(d)(iii) and (iv), when the contract was ostensibly only with D1. She adopted the same approach when she considered the proposed amendment.

62 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • CASES IN BRIEF 案 例 撮 要

• Even if the question of agency and 陳述只是由第一被告人的員工作出，並 • 即使第一被告人的代理人和表面權限 the apparent authority of D1 was an 且就申請在司法管轄權範圍外送達令狀而 的問題是原告人案情理據的一部分， aspect of the merits of P’s case and 言，原告人未能充分證明第一被告人是第 不是第11號命令第1條規則下的司法 not jurisdiction under O. 11 r. 1, the 二被告人的代理人，而第二被告人是透過 管轄權範圍問題，特委法官沒有越界 Recorder’s approach had not gone 第一被告人與原告人訂立合約，因此第二 處理將行審理的重大爭議。基於包括 beyond the threshold of a serious issue to be tried. Based on the 被告人是締約方。至於原告人申請再修訂 擬作出的修訂在內的狀書，她認為原 pleadings including the proposed 已經修訂的申索陳述書，擬在申索陳述書 告人以表面權限為基礎的案情理據並 amendment, she considered that P’s 中指稱，在各次商討期間向原告人作出權 無勝訴機會。 case based on apparent authority had 限陳述的人都是第一被告人及第二被告人 no prospect of success. 的員工，特別是當時受僱於第一和第二被 告人的徐先生(「徐」)，特委法官認為原 COMPANY LAW 民事訴訟程序 告人沒有提出徐在2013年9月向原告人作 Re Hin-Pro International Logistics Ltd Deyi Investment Ltd v Macjin Info-com 出他被指作出的陳述時，已在第二被告人 [2016] HKEC 2123 Tek., Ltd [2016] HKEC 2032 那裡擔任某個職位；根據第二被告人不受 Court of Appeal 上訴法庭 爭議的證據，第二被告人在2012年8月( Civil Appeal No. 54 of 2016 民事上訴案件2015年第253號 即各次商討之前)已經終止與徐的僱傭關 Kwan JA and Thomas Au J 上訴法庭法官張澤祐 係；因此，原告人擬作出的修訂對於有關 30 September 2016 上訴法庭法官關淑馨 表面權限的案情全無影響。原告人不服特 上訴法庭法官鮑晏明 委法官的兩項決定，提出上訴。 Compulsory winding-up – 2016年9月15日 裁決 –駁回上訴： petition – application to amend petition by substituting original • 儘管特委法官討論有關在司法管轄權 令狀 — 送達 — 在司法管轄權範 debt for post-petition debt – 範圍外送達令狀的上訴理據時，已經 jurisdiction to do so – test less 圍外送達令狀的許可 — 撤銷 — 提及原告人擬作出的修訂，但這對她 stringent than that for plaintiff 原告人與第二被告人的合約是否 的判決的總體正確性沒有影響，因為 seeking leave to amend writ 第11號命令第1(1)(d)(iii)及(iv)條 她亦有分開處理原告人案情的理據和 規則範圍內的合約 — 特委法官處 原告人擬作出的修訂。她裁定，除非 P commenced winding-up proceedings against C, a company, based on an 理原告人修訂狀書的申請、司法 原告人能夠有充分可爭辯的理據證明 unsatisfied costs order which was 管轄權範圍的爭議及理據的方法 徐在2013年9月是第二被告人的僱 subsequently discharged. P sought 是否有錯 員，第二被告人是第一被告人的委託 leave to re-amend the petition by 第一被告人和第二被告人是兩間韓國公 人，而第一被告人的陳述是源於第二 substituting for the original debt a number of outstanding debts arising 司。原告人向第一及第二被告人提起法律 被告人，因而有理由根據第11號命令 第1(1)條規則下的規定，獲批許可在 from judgments and orders which 訴訟，指稱它(指原告人)為了購貨，與代 accrued after the date of the petition 司法管轄權範圍外送達令狀，否則她 表第二被告人的第一被告人締約，第二被 (the “Subsequent Debts”). The Judge 告人其後拒絕交付貨品。原告人向身為 不應批准擬作出的修訂。特委法官裁 held that the Eshelby rule did not apply 合約委託人的第二被告人提出申索，堅稱 決的方法沒有不對之處。 to a creditor’s winding-up petition and 第二被告人賦予第一被告人表面權限， • 在司法管轄權範圍方面，既然表面上 so the Court had jurisdiction to amend the petition, citing differences between 即是說第一被告人在2013年9月商討合 原告人只是與第一被告人締約，原告 a creditor’s petition and a writ action. 人要在第11號命令第1(1)(d)(iii)及(iv) 約(「各次商討」)期間是第二被告人的代 Under the Eshelby rule, a court may not 理人。原告人以《高等法院規則》(第4A 條規則的範圍內提出申索，就必須充 amend a writ without the consent of the 章，附屬法例)第11號命令第1(1)(d)(iii)及 分證明其與第二被告人之間在代理人 parties, so as to bring a cause of action (iv)條規則為基礎，取得向在香港司法管 原則上有合約存在，因此，在原告人 which was non-existent at the time the 轄權範圍外的第二被告人送達令狀的許可 有沒有充分證明的爭議上，特委法官 writ was originally issued. C appealed. (「該命令」)。特委法官准予第二被告人 應用充分可辯證成立的理據的驗證標 Held, dismissing the appeal, that: 撤銷該命令的申請，並拒絕原告人修訂其 準是正確的。她在考慮擬作出的修訂 • The Court had jurisdiction to allow 狀書的申請。特委法官留意到，所有作訴 時，採用了同一方法。 amendments to include post-petition

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debts. The test to be satisfied by a • It was not appropriate in this instance 的未清償債項(「其後債項」)替代原有債 petitioner was less stringent than that to determine whether the Eshelby 項。法官列舉債權人呈請和藉令狀開展的 for a plaintiff seeking leave to amend rule should continue to apply in 訴訟的相異之處，裁定Eshelby案規則不適 a writ to add a post-writ cause of writ actions, s. 168A petitions and 用於債權人的清盤呈請，法庭因而有司法 action. The Eshelby rule did not apply shareholder’s winding-up petitions on 管轄權修改呈請。根據Eshelby案規則，法 to a creditor’s winding-up petition as, the just and equitable ground, where inter alia, it asserted a class remedy on the public interest might be absent. 庭不可未經各方同意就修改令狀，從而提 behalf of all the company’s creditors • There was no error in principle in the 出在令狀最初發出時並不存在的訴因。該 and it was in the public interest that Judge’s exercise of his discretion. C 公司上訴。 an insolvent company not be allowed had not demonstrated that it was 裁決 –駁回上訴： to continue to trade. Further, the readily apparent that the proposed threshold for other creditors of a amendments were bound to fail. • 法庭有司法管轄權准許加入提出呈 company to participate in a creditor’s 請後的債項。呈請人要通過的測試， winding-up petition was much 嚴謹程度比不上原告人申請許可在令 lower. There was nothing in r. 33 of 公司法 the Companies (Winding-up) Rules 狀加入發出令狀後訴因所要通過的測 (Cap. 32H, Sub. Leg.) or O. 20 of the Re Hin-Pro International Logistics 試。Eshelby案規則不適用於債權人的 Rules of the High Court (Cap. 4A, Ltd [2016] HKEC 2123 清盤呈請，原因包括：債權人的清盤 Sub. Leg.) which precluded the 上訴法庭 呈請是代表所有公司債權人提出補救 court’s discretion to allow a creditor’s 民事上訊案件2016年第54號 方法，並且不准許無償債能力的公司 winding-up petition to be amended to 繼續經營符合公眾利益，以及公司其 include post-petition debts. 上訴法庭法官關淑馨 他債權人參與債權人清盤呈請的門檻 • Insofar as a possible application of 原訟法庭法官區慶祥 the Eshelby rule to a petition under 2016年9月30日 是低很多的。《公司(清盤)規則》(第 s. 168A of the Companies (Winding 32H章，附屬法例)第33條或《高等法 Up and Miscellaneous Provisions) 強制清盤 — 呈請 — 申請修改呈 院規則》(第4A章，附屬法例)第20號 Ordinance (Cap. 32) and a winding- 請，用提出呈請後的債項替代原 命令都沒有禁止法庭酌情准許修改債 up petition was concerned, these 有債項 — 如此做的司法管轄權 — 權人的清盤呈請，以包括提出呈請後 proceedings could be distinguished 測試比不上適用於原告人申請修 的債項。 from a creditor’s winding-up petition 訂令狀許可的測試嚴謹 as the public interest was seldom • Eshelby案規則有可能適用於根據《公 engaged; and adding facts which 原告人基於未獲履行但其後被撤銷的訟費 司(清盤及雜項條文)條例》(第32章)第 arose after the petition to update 令，針對一間公司(「該公司」)展開清盤 168A條提出的呈請及清盤呈請，就此 an existing complaint was clearly 程序。原告人申請許可再修改呈請，以數 而言，由於幾乎不牽涉公眾利益，這 permissible and did not contravene 些法律程序與債權人的清盤呈請是有 the Eshelby rule. 筆由判決和命令產生並在呈請日期後累計 區別的，而且加入提出呈請後的事實 以更新現有投訴是明顯容許之事，與 Eshelby案規則並無牴觸。 • 藉令狀開展的訴訟、根據第168A提出 的呈請及股東以公平公正為由提出的 清盤呈請可能不牽涉公眾利益，在這 情況下不宜裁定應否繼續應用Eshelby 案規則。 • 法官行使他的酌情決定權在原則上沒 有不對。該公司不曾證明修改建議顯 然一定會失敗。

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CONTRACT LAW (Cap. 4A, Sub. Leg.) for declarations that although such construction was in P’s the Notice and purported termination favour, the Declarations were refused Goal Upward Investment Ltd v Osman were null and void and the Agreement first, because the issue of whether Mohammed Arab [2016] HKEC 2089 was extant and binding on Ds (the a Specified Event had occurred Court of First Instance “Declarations”). would remain unresolved but should be resolved in a single set of High Court Action No. 1355 of 2016 Held, dismissing the applications, that: proceedings; and second, as a matter Deputy Judge Nicholas Cooney SC in • The Notice was too short and thus, of discretion, given Ds’ obligations Chambers null and void. Applying the common it was most undesirable that they 23 September 2016 law rule and excluding 15 and 22 should have to negotiate with P May 2016, the Notice failed to comply exclusively despite considering that its Termination – notice period strictly with the time requirements of restructuring proposal was unlikely to – exclusivity agreement for cl. 8.2. Further, viewed objectively, it succeed. negotiations with liquidators was neither clear nor unambiguous that Ds meant to give “not less to restructure company – than” seven clear days’ notice. In any 合同法 whether notice by liquidators event, on the facts, it was clear that Goal Upward Investment Ltd v Osman terminating agreement satisfied Ds intended the termination to take Mohammed Arab [2016] HKEC 2089 time requirement – whether effect on 22 May 2016. 原訟法庭 notice null and void – whether • The Injunction was refused. Given, 高院民事訴訟案2016年第1355號 interlocutory injunction against inter alia, Ds’ fiduciary duties to C, liquidators to be granted its creditors and shareholders, the 暫委法官Nicholas Cooney內庭聆訊 Injunction would be effectively an 2016年9月23日 On 14 April 2016, Ds, the court-appointed order for specific performance of the liquidators of a wound-up company (“C”) Agreement. It would be futile to grant 終止 — 通知期 — 獨家與清盤人 entered into an exclusivity agreement it, because inter alia Ds considered with P for a six-month period to negotiate that P’s restructuring proposal was 商議重組公司的協議 — 清盤人終 a restructuring of C (the “Agreement”). unlikely to succeed such that a 止協議的通知是否符合時間規定 Clause 8.2 provided, inter alia, that Specified Event had occurred and it — 通知是否無效 — 應否發出禁制 Ds were entitled to terminate the was assumed that Ds, having the right 清盤人的非正審禁制令 Agreement by giving notice of “not less to terminate the Agreement, would than seven days” if in their reasonable exercise it thereby rendering an order 眾被告人是某間被清盤公司(「清盤公 opinion the restructuring proposals were for specific performance nugatory. 司」)由法庭委任的清盤人。2016年4月 unlikely to succeed due to the occurrence • As for the O. 14A application, the 14日， 眾被告人與原告人就商議重組清 of a “Specified Event”. At 5.56 pm on question was one of the construction 15 May 2016, Ds sent a facsimile to P 盤公司的六個月獨家權利訂立協議(「該 of a document which was suitable for stating that “pursuant to cl.8.2”, they 協議」)。第8.2條的規定包括：眾被告 determination without a trial because were terminating the Agreement “with 人只要有合理理由認為由於有「特定事 all necessary facts and matters effect from 22 May 2016” (the “Notice”). were available. Notwithstanding, 件」出現，重組建議不大可能成功，就 P brought proceedings against Ds, seeking a declaration that the Notice was null and void because notice of only six days was given. P argued that fractions of a day should be disregarded; the day of the named event (ie, the termination) should be excluded; and the relevant period calculated on a “clear day” basis. P sought an interlocutory injunction seeking to restrain Ds from negotiating and/or entering into any agreement with any other potential investor for the restructuring of C (the “Injunction”); and summary judgment under O. 14A r. 1 of the Rules of the High Court

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有權給予「不少於七天」通知以終止該協 有答案，不過這問題應在一套法律程 year’s imprisonment had been ordered. 議。2016年5月15日下午5時56分，眾被 序中解決；二、考慮到眾被告人的責 D also said that there were fellow 告人發傳真給原告人，指出「根據第8.2 任，最不理想的是眾被告人認為原告 inmates who had trafficked in the same 條」，他們終止該協議的生效日期是「從 人的重組建議不大可能成功，但又必 or even greater quantities of dangerous drugs, but who had received sentences 2016年5月22日起」開始(「該通知」)。 須與享有獨家商議權的原告人商議， lower than hers. She attached to her 原告人向眾被告人提起法律訴訟，要求法 因此，法官行使酌情決定權拒絕作出 letter a letter from Fr John Wotherspoon 庭宣告該通知無效，理由是眾被告人只給 該宣告。 OMI, CSD Chaplain No. 51 in which he 予原告人六天通知。原告人辯稱：不足一 described a campaign which he had 日的不應計算在內；所指的事件(即終止 launched in 2013 to warn East Africans 該協議)發生當天不應包括在內；相關期 CRIMINAL SENTENCING about the dangers of drug trafficking in Hong Kong. He also described the 間應以「一整日」計算。原告人要求法庭 HKSAR v Odira Sharon Lensa contribution which D and her family 發出非正審禁制令，禁止眾被告人就重組 [2016] HKEC 2052 had made to that campaign, she having 清盤公司與任何其他潛在投資者商議及∕ joined the campaign in early 2015. Court of Appeal 或訂立任何協議(「該禁制令」)；並根據 Criminal Appeal No. 56 of 2016 Held, dismissing the application, that: 《高等法院規則》(第4A章，附屬法例)第 Lunn V-P and McWalters JA • D not having advanced a satisfactory 14A號命令第1條規則申請簡易判決，要 22 September 2016 explanation to excuse the very 求法庭宣告該通知及聲稱的終止無效，該 lengthy 2-year delay in applying for 協議仍然存在並對眾被告人具有約束力( Discount and mitigation leave to appeal against her sentence, 「該宣告」)。 – drug trafficking – post- there was no justification for granting sentence events – recognition her the extension which she sought. 裁決 –駁回申請： should be given to prisoner for • In any event, there was nothing in her • 通知時間太短，因此無效。應用普通 participation in campaign to complaints against her sentence. 法規則，不把2016年5月15及22日包 warn Africans about dangers of • The Court did, exceptionally, have 括在內，該通告就不完全符合第8.2條 drug trafficking in Hong Kong regard to post-sentence events and 的時間規定。此外，客觀來說，眾被 – matter better determined by the most commonly encountered 告人所言的「不少於」七日通知，意 the executive than by the Court exception was that of assistance to the law enforcement and prosecuting 思既不清楚，也不無含糊之處。無論 of Appeal authorities. But that was an exception 如何，事實上有一點是清楚的，就是 In May 2013, D arrived in Hong Kong on which existed for very particular public 眾被告人想該協議從2016年5月22日 a flight from Nairobi. When questioned, policy reasons. And there would be 起終止。 she said that she had objects inside cases where a court would be moved her body that needed to be discharged • 法庭拒絕發出該禁制令。除了別的以 to take action in an appellant’s favour immediately. She discharged a total by reason of post-sentence events 外，基於眾被告人對清盤公司、清盤 of 96 packets of dangerous drugs because a failure to do so, by that 公司的債權人和股東負有受信責任， consisting of 0.56 kg of heroin court and at that stage, would defeat 該禁制令實際上是強制履行該協議的 hydrochloride. In November 2013, she the ends of justice and the public 命令。法庭只會是徒然批出禁制令， pleaded guilty to unlawfully trafficking interest. in those dangerous drugs, and was in 因為(其中包括)眾被告人認為原告人 • But that was not the position with January 2016 sentenced by the Court of 的重組建議不大可能成功，特定事件 regard to participation in a campaign First Instance to 13 years’ imprisonment. such as Fr Wotherspoon’s campaign. 已經發生，加上推斷有權終止該協議 In February 2016, D applied for leave 的眾被告人會行使權利，強制履行令 to appeal against sentence out of time. • It was apparent from Fr 因而並無用武之地。 She filed no grounds of appeal against Wotherspoon’s testimony that sentence, but complained in a letter to the participant of an inmate in his • 至於第14A號命令的應用，因為必要 the Court of Appeal dated 21 August campaign might vary from inmate 的事實和事宜已經齊備，這是一個宜 2016 that the purity of the heroin to inmate. Some might be more 於不進行審訊而予以裁定的文件解釋 hydrochloride in which she trafficked involved than others and for many 問題。儘管如此，雖然解釋對原告人 had been overlooked when a starting the involvement might be a lengthy ongoing one where the inmates’ 有利，但法庭拒絕作出該宣告，原因 point of 18½ years’ imprisonment had relatives were enlisted to carry 有二：一、有否發生特定事件仍然未 been adopted and an enhancement of 1

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forward the campaign in the inmate’s home country. At the sentencing stage, this might require evidence to be called and an enquiry to be conducted by the sentencing judge in order properly to assess the involvement of the prisoner and the value of that involvement to Hong Kong. Assessing the value to Hong Kong of the prisoner’s actions within the framework of Fr Wotherspoon’s campaign was a task for which the executive would generally be better equipped than the Court of Appeal to perform.

刑事判決

HKSAR v Odira Sharon Lensa [2016] HKEC 2052 上訴法庭 半為量刑基準及加刑一年時未有顧及涉案 政策理由而存在。此外，在若干情況 上訴法庭刑事上訴案2016年第56號 毒品的純度。被告人又表示，其他同囚所 下，法庭會因判刑後發生的事件而決 上訴法庭副庭長倫明高，上訴法庭法官 販運的危險藥物重量與她所販運的相同甚 定採取對上訴人有利的做法，理由為 麥偉德 或較之更多，但他們的刑罰卻比她輕。上 該法庭到了某個階段若然不如此行， 2016年9月22日 述信件附隨了一封由胡頌恆神父(Fr John 便會令公義無法彰顯和漠視公眾利 Wotherspoon OMI, CSD Chaplain No. 51) 益。 減刑與請求輕判 — 販毒罪 — 判 發出的信函，內容描述他於2013年推出 • 然而，例如參與胡頌恆神父的計劃的 刑後發生的事件 — 應否在刑期中 一項計劃，其目的是警告東非洲人在香 一類情況，不屬上述情形。 反映囚犯參與計劃以警告非洲人 港販毒的後果。該函件亦指出被告人於 • 胡神父的證供顯示，在囚人士參與他 在香港販毒的後果一事 — 此事由 2015年初加入該計劃，並描述她與其家 的計劃的程度各有不同，有些囚犯積 行政當局決定較由上訴法庭決定 人對該計劃作出的貢獻。 極參與，有些則不然﹔不少囚犯長時 為佳 裁決 — 駁回申請﹕ 間和持續地參與該計劃，更可能動員 本案被告人於2013年5月從非洲內羅畢乘 • 被告人在申請判刑上訴許可方面延誤 他們的親友在他們所屬國家協助推行 搭航機來港。她接受查問時表示自己體內 長達兩年，但未有就該延誤提供令人 該計劃。就判刑而言法官可能要聽取 藏有物品，須立即將之排出。她其後排出 滿意的解釋，因此本庭沒有理由批准 證據和進行查訊，藉以妥善地評估有 96小包內含共0.56公斤海洛英鹽酸鹽的 她延展上訴期限。 關囚犯在何等程度上參與該計劃以 物品。她於2013年11月承認販運上述危 及其參與對於香港有何價值。一般來 • 不論如何，被告人對原本判刑提出的 險藥物罪，並於2016年1月被原訟法庭判 說，行政當局較上訴法庭更有能力評 投訴理由無一成立。 處監禁13年。被告人於2016年2月申請 估囚犯在胡神父的計劃下的工作對於 許可針對判刑提出逾期上訴。她沒有把任 • 在例外情況下，本庭將因應判刑後發 香港有何價值。 何上訴理據送交法院存檔，但在一封日期 生的事件而重新考慮判刑。最常見的 為2016年8月21日並向上訴法庭發出的 例外情況是被告人協助執法機關和檢 信件中，她表示原訟法庭在採納監禁18年 控當局。但該例外情況乃基於特別的

For full summaries and judgments, please refer to Westlaw and Hong Kong Law Reports & Digest at www.westlaw.com.hk. 就完整的摘要和判決書，請到 www.westlaw.com.hk 參閱Westlaw及《香港法律彙報與摘錄》。

www.hk-lawyer.org 67 • December 2016

LEGAL MARKET 職場資訊

What’s Driving the Trend of ‘On-Demand’ Lawyers for Hong Kong Corporates? By Mardi Wilson, Head of Eversheds Agile, Hong Kong

t’s been eight years since the start of NewLaw: A Growing Trend? Statistics vs Actual Demand the global financial crisis, and like a I Beyond the traditional law firm and the A 2016 survey by the In-House Congress bushfire that has left turmoil in its wake, in-house legal team structures there is Hong Kong showed that 82.1 percent recovery and regrowth soon follows. now a wide spectrum of legal services of in-house legal counsel have used Given the time that has now passed, that have emerged, predominantly, to or would be willing to use a NewLaw the green shoots of business recovery meet the evolving needs of in-house alternative service provider. But, if so are well and truly established; however, legal teams. NewLaw providers have many are willing, why is it not yet part one thing that is certain is that the legal positioned their services as solutions of the everyday conversation with legal landscape has changed. for in-house legal teams to enhance counsel when they look at how they can Following the initial slash and burn their efficiency. These legal services operate more efficiently? If there was to stay afloat in the financial crisis, include NewLaw (or alternative legal a show of hands across in-house legal businesses have now moved on to the services), legal process outsourcing and teams, far fewer than 82 percent have next stage in recovery. This means automated technology. This is in addition actually engaged a NewLaw solution. the conversation has moved on to to the law firms that have embraced Some of the barriers for legal teams sustainable working practices: efficiency the challenge to innovate, diversify and include the lack of time and/or support, and value are key focus areas and high provide alternative services for their resistance to change, budget constraints on the agenda of many business leaders clients. and limited suppliers. and general counsels. However, until recently, in Asia, there has Although, there is one area of NewLaw To date, cost reduction has been a not been as many available options to in- that is quickly emerging as an easy win: common theme, regardless of where house legal teams by way of alternative flexible interim legal resources. This is business is based. Over the past few solutions when compared to their US just one of the many alternative legal years, the obvious routes to achieve these or UK counterparts. In the US and the services available, but it seems to be cost reductions have been taken through UK, NewLaw solutions have become more readily embraced, likely due to redundancies, spending cuts, non- almost commonplace and the number in-house counsel being able to see essential office closures and so forth. of providers has increased in response its immediate benefit. For example, Hong Kong has not been exempt from to demand. Why is this a growing trend? to deploy cost saving and efficiency this and has seen businesses take the And are these solutions only viable for driving products, such as legal process same steps in local offices. So how does the UK and US markets, or are they outsourcing and automated technology, a legal team transition now from a cost capable of being embraced in Hong general counsel often must prepare focus to start looking forward to drive Kong as well? detailed business cases for board level efficiency and value in their business? approval that justify the potential

68 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • LEGAL MARKET 職 場 資 訊

upfront costs and time that must be particular area. It also allows corporates finance or HR. invested to set up the product and get it to dedicate temporary resources to a The advantage that Hong Kong has running. However, in the case of flexible project that may only have a limited in engaging these NewLaw providers resourcing, the business drivers are more lifespan or in some cases, to try a is that the model has been tested obvious and its benefits are immediately new team structure on a temporary elsewhere and has proven successful. realised. Thus, it is not surprising that basis before committing to engaging Now it is just a case of adapting it to the many in-house legal teams in Hong permanent headcount. local market. However, it is important Kong, both international and local firms to note that one key difference between across a wide range of sectors, are Hong Kong Market Overview NewLaw providers operating in the embracing it. The growing number of NewLaw US and UK markets, versus those in While corporates’ use of flexible providers in Hong Kong should increase Asia, is the lawyers they retain – with resourcing is encouraging, the number of demand for their services amongst those in the US and UK possessing a businesses utilising this service represent in-house legal teams in Asia. The key broader range of legal expertise and just a small sliver of businesses in Hong NewLaw providers currently based in areas of specialism. To be successful, Kong. As many in-house legal teams the local market are currently Axiom, NewLaw providers in Hong Kong must currently have lean operations, some Korum, Lawyers On Demand (previously ensure that the lawyers they retain have being as small as just one lawyer, change AdventBalance) as well as law firms such the requisite experience to cover the can have an immense impact. Utilising as Allen & Overy and Eversheds with breadth of international work, as well as a NewLaw solution such as flexible their respective services of Peerpoint and locally generated work. It is also vital for resource could enable legal teams to Eversheds Agile. them to understand the importance of be more responsive to organisational It is hoped that the Hong Kong market China as a business partner and retain changes and corporate legal needs. follows the same trend as the UK. In lawyers that possess required language This solution could be deployed to cover 2011, the market for NewLaw flexible competencies and cultural awareness. a peak in workload, to bridge a gap resource started with just 4 to 5 within a niche skill area, to cover work providers; in 2016, there are now more 2017 and Beyond generated by a new project or by staff than 20 different providers in the UK. There have been NewLaw providers in taking parental leave or during gaps This means greater choice for in-house the Hong Kong market for several years, when recruiting talent. With NewLaw and legal teams, as well as greater volume of but the pace appears to be picking up, interim legal resources, there is flexibility opportunities for the lawyers who want with new entrants to the market in the but also cost certainty for the period of to work more flexibly. previous 12 months. Given the increasing the engagement. It is also a more cost buzz from businesses as demand has If over 80 percent of in-house legal effective solution than engaging external picked up, it is reasonable expect further teams are willing to engage a NewLaw counsel. Also, there are no termination growth in 2017 and beyond. Albeit, all service provider, it suggests the market fees for redundancy should a contract change takes time. is still underdeveloped and there is end earlier than expected, unlike likely room for growth. However, to As the interest level among clients redundancies for permanent staff. sustain growth, NewLaw providers must continues to grow and NewLaw Across the globe, businesses must continue to expand and tailor their solutions become less novel, providers respond quickly to change. As there is services and offerings. will start to fully integrate into Hong still a lot of instability in the market, it Kong’s legal landscape. As has been Moving forward, current providers and is essential for legal teams to respond seen so far, NewLaw providers have new market entrants will both need to with the greater efficiency and look found the markets in Hong Kong, determine if there are a sufficient number at new products to drive value. It is Singapore and Australia as suitable of lawyers in the market who want to difficult to know if a business plan and platforms for their services offerings. work flexibly, whether there currently is team structure now will still be fit for The question is, can these products enough work from businesses to keep purpose in two years’ time. This holds expand across Asia, most notably these lawyers employed on temporary true regardless of whether a legal team into China, where different legal assignments, as well as whether in- is based in the US, UK, Australia or Asia. requirements, employment regulations house legal teams are constrained by Having a NewLaw solution to engage and local business needs provide new other factors, such as resistance to try interim resources means legal teams and different challenges for NewLaw a different solution or lack of internal have the ability to bulk up skills in a providers to overcome. support from stakeholders such as n

www.hk-lawyer.org 69 • December 2016 甚麼推動香港企業的 「按需定制」法律服務 發展？

作者 Mardi Wilson 主管 Eversheds Agile, Hong Kong

環球金融危機爆發以來，距今已 團隊應當如何從過往只是聚焦於成本，轉 內部法律團隊以往較難藉替代性解決方案 自有八載；它有如一場叢林大火， 移至開始關注如何提升其業務的效率和價 而獲得提供更多選擇。NewLaw解決方案 當危難過後，又見萬木逢春。隨著時間的 值？ 在英、美等國目前已是相當普及，而它的 流逝，經濟復甦的勢頭良好，且已確立了 服務提供者的數目，亦隨著服務需求的上 良好的根基。然而，有一樣事情可以肯定 NewLaw:一個正在不斷增長的趨 升而有所增加。為何此等服務呈現增長趨 的是，法律景觀已經有所改變。 勢？ 勢？ 這些解決方案是否只適用於英、美 現時除了傳統律師事務所和企業內部法 市場；抑或是，它們亦同樣適用於香港？ 企業在擺脫了金融危機所帶來的困境後， 律團隊等架構外，也有範圍廣泛的法律服 現正步入一個逐漸復甦的新階段。這意味 務提供者應運而生。它的出現，主要是 統計數字與實際需求 著，話題慢慢開始集中在可持續的業務 為了滿足企業內部法律團隊不斷變化的需 一個由「公司法務代表大會」(In-House 運作方面，而效率與價值乃焦點所在。因 求。NewLaw的服務提供者已將所提供的 Congress) 進行的調查顯示，82.1%的企 此，在許多企業領導層和總法律顧問的議 服務定位為：為企業內部法律團隊提供解 業內部法律顧問已經在使用、或將會願意 程中，它們亦成為了重要的議題。 決方案，從而提升其運作效率。此等法律 使用NewLaw所提供的替代性法律服務。 直到今天，不論所經營的地方為何，企業 服務包括NewLaw(或替代性法律服務)、 然而，既然有這許多業內人士願意使用這 的一個共同要旨，仍是要盡量降低成本。 法律流程外判、自動化技術等。這構成律 項服務，那麼，當法律顧問在探究如何能 過去數年間，將成本減輕的一個最明顯 師事務所面對的創新、多樣化、為客戶提 更有效地提升運作效率時，為何他們鮮有 方法，就是：裁員、削減開支、將非必要 供替代性服務等挑戰以外，另一項新的挑 提及這項服務呢？假如向所有企業內部法 的辦事處關閉等等，而香港在這方面也不 戰。 律團隊進行統計調查，我們便會發現，實 能倖免。目前，已有企業採取類此方法來 際使用NewLaw解決方案的人數遠遠少於 然而，與英、美的情況相比，亞洲的企業 處理其在香港的辦事處。有鑒於此，法律 82%。妨礙這些法律團隊使用該等方案

70 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • LEGAL MARKET 職 場 資 訊

的原因，包括：缺乏時間及/或支援、對 應。由於市場上仍然存在許多不穩定因 作機會，讓這些律師能以臨時的方式受 變革有所抗拒、財政預算上的限制、服 素，法律團隊必須更高效地作出回應， 聘？以及，企業內部法律團隊是否受到 務提供者的數目不足等。 並關注新產品的面世，以期為企業創造 其他因素所制約？例如，抗拒嘗試使用 更可觀的價值。我們很難預知，一個現 另類解決方案；又或是，缺乏例如財務 NewLaw現時提供一個新的法律服務範 行的業務計劃和團隊架構，在兩年後是 或人力資源部門等內部持份者的支持。 疇，它在瞬間更成為了廣受歡迎的項 否仍會適合其原來目的；不論該法律團 目，那就是：靈活性的臨時法律資源 香港在使用NewLaw服務提供者所提供的 隊是位處美國、英國、澳大利亞，還是 (flexible interim legal resources)。儘管它 服務方面，其所享的優勢是：有關的運 亞洲，情況一概如此。通過NewLaw解 只是眾多替代性法律服務的其中一項， 作模式，已經在其他地方進行了測試， 決方案來運用臨時資源，意味著法律團 但卻似乎更為用戶所接受，原因可能 並被確證為成功。目前餘下的問題， 隊可以將某一特定領域的技能提升。此 是：企業內部法律顧問察覺到它能提供 只是如何適應本地的市場。但需要清楚 外，它也可以讓企業將臨時資源配置 即時的效益。例如，當要設置一些有助 了解的一點是，在英、美等市場運營的 於也許只維持短暫時間的項目中；又或 節約成本和具效益的產品時(例如：法 NewLaw，與在亞洲運營的NewLaw存在 是，在某些情況下，在決定聘請某些永 律流程外判和自動化技術)，總法律顧問 一個重要區別，那就是：英、美市場所 久性的員工之前，先對新的團隊架構進 通常都必須詳細備妥有關的業務個案， 聘用的律師 ，較諸亞洲市場所聘用的， 行短暫性的運作測試。 以述明設置該等產品和將其投入運作所 擁有更廣泛的法律專業知識，並更為熟 需的前期成本和時間，並將有關建議交 香港市場概況 悉各個專門領域。香港的NewLaw服務提 予董事會審批。然而，假如運用具靈活 供者如要取得成功，便必須確保其所聘 隨著香港的NewLaw服務提供者的數 性的資源，其所產生的業務驅動作用便 用的律師具有所需的經驗，以涵蓋國際 目日增，在亞洲區的企業內部法律團 將更加明顯，而其所帶來的效益也馬上 和本地層面的業務；而至關重要的一點 隊對這方面的服務需求亦將會提升。 可以得到實現。因此，香港許多企業的 是，它們必須了解作為其業務夥伴的中 目前本地市場的主要NewLaw服務提 內部法律團隊(包括涉及各個不同行業的 國的重要性，並聘請具所需語言能力和 供者有：Axiom、Korum、Lawyers On 國際和本地企業)逐漸接受這項服務的提 文化意識的律師加入其團隊工作。 Demand(前稱AdventBalance)，以及 供，實在是不足為奇。 Allen＆Overy和Eversheds等律師事務所， 2017年及往後 企業願意使用該等具靈活性的資源，確 而它們亦各自經營Peerpoint和Eversheds NewLaw服務提供者在香港的市場已發 是令人鼓舞，但使用它的企業，實際上 Agile等服務。 展了數年，但其發展步伐看來正有所加 只佔香港企業的一小部分。許多企業的 倘若亞洲市場跟隨英國的發展趨 快。過去12個月，不斷地有新的加盟者 內部法律團隊目前都需要將業務精簡(有 勢，2011年時，NewLaw的資源靈活運 進入市場。隨著服務需求的上升，投資 一些更是只聘請了一名律師)，所以要進 用市場，只是從4至5個提供者開始。到 氣氛更見澎湃。因此，可以合理預期的 行變革，將會給它們帶來巨大的影響。 是，2017年及往後的日子，NewLaw服 運用NewLaw解決方案(例如：靈活的資 了2016年，英國已擁有20多個不同提供 務將會有更進一步的發展 － 儘管，任何 源提供)，可以促使法律團隊對機構變革 者。這意味著，企業內部法律團隊將可 變革都不可能一蹴而至。 和企業的法律需求作出更有效的回應。 獲得提供更多選擇，而意欲以更靈活的 這一解決方案的設置，可以：涵蓋最高 方式工作的律師，亦可以獲得提供更多 當客戶的興趣和要求不斷提高，而 峰值的工作量；彌合專門技能領域中所 的服務機會。 NewLaw解決方案又不再是那麼一種新 出現的缺口；以及，涵蓋新項目、員工 願意使用NewLaw服務提供者的企業內 穎的服務時，提供者便需要促使其服務 育兒假、人才招聘時間的差距中所產生 部法律團隊，其百分比倘若超過80% 完全融入香港的法律環境中。到目前為 的工作量等。在NewLaw和臨時法律資 ，這便表明市場的發展仍未充分，並存 止，NewLaw服務提供者發現，香港、新 源的協助下，用戶將可享有資源的靈活 在繼續增長的空間。然而，為了保持增 加坡及澳洲的市場，都是它們開拓其服 性和成本的確定性。此外，它也是一個 長，NewLaw的服務提供者必須持續拓 務和產品的合適平台。但問題是，這些 較諸使用外聘律師更具成本效益的解決 展，以及專門定制其所提供的服務和產 產品的拓展是否可以遍及整個亞洲，特 方案。另外，它與裁減永久性員工的不 品。 別是進入中國市場。中國的法規、就業 同之處是，終止合約的時間假如比預期 規管、業務需求等，皆有其獨特之處， 展望未來，現有的服務提供者和市場的 早，企業亦可以無需向有關員工支付終 這種種都給NewLaw的服務提供者帶來各 新加入者都必須確定，意欲以更靈活的 止合約的補償。 項它們需要克服的新挑戰。 n 方式工作的律師，在市場上是否具有充 全球的企業都必須對變革作出迅速的回 足的數目？企業現時是否擁有充足的工

www.hk-lawyer.org 71 • December 2016

PROFESSIONAL MOVES 會員動向

Newly-Admitted Members 新 會 員

CHAN CHI HO FONG CHI WING LAU SIK KIU SUKI 陳智灝 方枳潁 劉惜翹 HASTINGS & CO. TAI & CO., S.W. HASTINGS & CO. 希仕廷律師行 戴思華律師行 希仕廷律師行

CHAN CHO NAM HO CHUNG MAN LIN CHENG CALEB JASON 林鋮 陳祖男 何頌文 TC & CO. SIT, FUNG, KWONG & 崔曾律師事務所 SHUM, SOLICITORS 薛馮鄺岑律師行

CHAN HING FAAT HUI WING HAN MILLER JAMES 陳慶發 許詠嫻 PATRICK DUDWELL SIT, FUNG, KWONG & WOO, KWAN, LEE & SHUM, SOLICITORS LO 薛馮鄺岑律師行 胡關李羅律師行

CHAN WOON LAM IP BO YAN NG PUI MAN QUEENIE EUGENIA 吳佩文 陳煥霖 葉葆欣 ONC LAWYERS SIT, FUNG, KWONG & 柯伍陳律師事務所 SHUM, SOLICITORS 薛馮鄺岑律師行

CHOW SHIU LAM IU WAI KIT OR BRIAN PATRICK 周兆霖 姚偉傑 柯沛鏗 CHEUNG & CO., D.S. 張岱樞律師事務所

72 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • PROFESSIONAL MOVES 會 員 動 向

POON YAN YIN WONG MUN LAI MEI WAH FLORENCE CHING CARMEN 黎美華 潘殷賢 黃敏晶 LAI YU MAN GEOFFREY 賴譽文 WILKINSON & GRIST 高露雲律師行

LAM KA YUE SIN KA MAN CHAN KING FAI 林家裕 冼嘉敏 陳景輝 LAM TSZ LUNG YEUNG & CO., CHAN PAK HO 林子龍 NORMAN M.K. 陳柏豪 楊敏健律師行 HASTINGS & CO. 希仕廷律師行 CHEN ZHENG 陳 LAU WING NING VANNIE 劉泳寧 SO KIN TAI CHEUNG KA TSING VERONICA 張家靖 蘇鍵泰 LEE SHE LAM SHEILA 李舒嵐 CHEUNG WING YEE 張詠怡 LEUNG MAI MUN HO & IP 梁邁文 何葉律師行 LO, CHAN & LEUNG 羅陳梁律師行 CHIK YU WAI VIVIAN TAM WAN SZE 戚瑜慧 LO MAN CHING BETTY DE BEDIN & LEE LLP 羅敏晴 譚允斯 CHOI CHUNG HANG MOK TSUI YU EMILY LEUNG & LAU 蔡頌恆 莫翠瑜 梁寶儀劉正豪律師行 TSANG, CHAN & WONG CHEUNG & CO., D.S. 曾宇佐陳遠翔律師行 張岱樞律師事務所

CHOW WAI YING JOYCE SIU WING YUK ANGELA TSUI SIN CHI 周慧盈 蕭穎鈺 JENNIFER CHUNG KA IN JANET JUN HE LAW OFFICES 徐倩姿 鍾嘉 君合律師事務所 TANG CHUN YIN HA WING GEE 鄧晉賢 夏穎芝 CFN LAWYERS TSANG CHEUK WING 陳馮吳律師事務所 曾卓穎 WONG CHO YING LOCKE LORD 黃楚盈 HO MING WAI JOYNA 賀明蔚 洛克律師事務所 SIT, FUNG, KWONG & TU WAN JUNG JULIE SHUM, SOLICITORS KO CHIN WING 杜宛蓉 薛馮鄺岑律師行 高展榮 TSANG & CO., C.Y. WONG LAI WA CAROL 曾重瑜律師事務所 黃麗樺 CHEUNG & CHOY WONG KA YAN KOK KIM HUNG ADA 張世文蔡敏律師事務所 MICHELLE 郭劍虹 黃嘉茵 YIP WING YAN KWAN MING FU 葉穎恩 關明芙 ZHONG LUN LAW FIRM CFN LAWYERS 中倫律師事務所 陳馮吳律師事務所

www.hk-lawyer.org 73 • December 2016

Partnerships and Firms 合夥人及律師行變動 changes received as from 1 October 2016 取自2016年10月1日起香港律師會所提供之最新資料

• CATCHPOLE SARAH JANE • CHIU CHI WAI ALAN • TSANG PUI LAN PATRICK became a partner of Kennedys as from ceased to be a partner of Hogan Lovells became a partner of Hui & Lam LLP as 01/11/2016. as from 17/10/2016 and joined Ella from 17/10/2016. 自2016年11月1日成為肯尼狄律師行 Cheong & Alan Chiu, Solicitors & Notaries 曾沛霖 合夥人。 as a partner on the same day. 自2016年10月17日成為許林律師行有 趙之威 限法律責任合夥合夥人。 • CHAN SAI KEUNG HUGO 自2016年10月17日不再出任霍金路偉律 became a partner of Or & Partners as 師行合夥人一職，並於同日加入張淑姬趙 • TSO KA HANG ARTHUR from 17/10/2016. 之威律師行為合夥人。 became a partner of Kirkland & Ellis as 陳世強 from 06/10/2016. 自2016年10月17日成為柯廣輝律師事 • FAGAN MICHAEL STIRLING 曹嘉珩 務所合夥人。 commenced practice as the sole 自2016年10月6日成為凱易律師事務所 practitioner of Fagan as from 12/10/2016. 合夥人。 • CHAN HOI NAM STEPHEN 自2016年10月12日獨資經營Fagan。 joined Oldham, Li & Nie as a partner • WATKINS NEVILLE JAMES JENNER as from 17/10/2016. • HO SZE MAN ceased to be a partner of Stevenson, 陳凱南 joined Lin and Associates as a partner as Wong & Co. as from 01/11/2016. 自2016年10月17日加入高李嚴律師行 from 07/11/2016. 韋健士 為合夥人。 何斯敏 於2016年11月1日不再出任史蒂文生黃 自2016年11月7日加入林華榕律師事務所 律師事務所合夥人一職。 • CHAN TAK MAY MAY 為合夥人。 ceased to be a partner of Ella Cheong • YAN LAI YU JAMIE & Alan Chiu, Solicitors & Notaries • LAU KWONG CHEUNG ceased to be a partner of Winnie Leung as from 28/10/2016 and joined ceased to be a partner of C.C. Lee & & Co. as from 01/11/2016 and joined Jacqueline M.H. Yeung & Co. as a Co. as from 20/10/2016 and remains Li, Wong, Lam & W.I. Cheung as an consultant as from 01/11/2016. as a consultant of the firm. Mr. Lau assistant solicitor as from 07/11/2016. 陳德美 commenced practice as the sole 殷麗瑜 自2016年10月28日不再出任張淑姬 practitioner of K.C. Lau & Co., Solicitors 自2016年11月1日不再出任梁鳳慈律師 趙之威律師行合夥人一職，並於2016 as from 02/11/2016. 行合夥人一職，並於2016年11月7日加 年11月1日加入楊敏熙律師事務所為顧 劉廣祥 入張永賢‧李黃林律師行為助理律師。 問。 自2016年10月20日不再出任李楚正律師 事務所合夥人一職，而轉任為該行顧問。 • YANG MING HAN ANDREW • CHAN WAN KEI 劉律師於2016年11月2日獨資經營劉廣祥 joined Francis & Co. as a partner as became a partner of Oldham, Li & Nie 律師事務所。 from 17/10/2016. as from 18/10/2016. 楊明翰 陳韻祺 • LEUNG YUK WAI 自2016年10月17日加入Francis & Co.為 自2016年10月18日成為高李嚴律師行 ceased to be a partner of T.K. Tsui & Co. 合夥人。 合夥人。 as from 01/11/2016 and remains as an assistant solicitor of the firm. • YEOH KUAN HUA • CHENG BIN 梁育瑋 ceased to be a partner of O’Melveny & became a partner of Jun He Law 自2016年11月1日不再出任徐子健律師行 Myers as from 12/10/2016 and joined Offices as from 11/10/2016. 合夥人一職，而轉任為該行助理律師。 Sidley Austin as a partner on the same 程 斌 day. 自2016年10月11日成為君合律師事務 • MADDOX JEFFREY MILLIS 楊冠華 所合夥人。 ceased to be a partner of Cadwalader, 自2016年10月12日不再出任美邁斯律 Wickersham & Taft as from 01/11/2016. 師事務所合夥人一職，並於同日加入盛 • CHENG SHUN 自2016年11月1日不再出任凱威萊德律師 德律師事務所為合夥人。 ceased to be a partner of Deacons as 事務所合夥人一職。 from 15/10/2016. 鄭 珣 • NG KA LOK LAURENCE SUNNY 自2016年10月15日不再出任的近律師 became a partner of Chiu, Szeto & Cheng 行合夥人一職。 as from 01/11/2016. 吳嘉樂 自2016年11月1日成為趙、司徒、鄭律師 事務所合夥人。

74 www.hk-lawyer.org Advertorial Analysis on Flowback of RMB Bonds Raised Fund from Hong Kong to Mainland China RMB Bonds Market in Hong Kong In addition, the Administrative Measures requires foreign investors The RMB bonds market in Hong Kong is commonly referred to as the “Dim to open different types of accounts for different transactions such Sum” bond market as Hong Kong was the first place to offer offshore RMB as special deposit account for RMB front fee and special account bonds. Currently, Chinese enterprises can issue RMB bonds in Hong Kong for RMB reinvestment. Furthermore, the Administrative Measures directly and indirectly. The issuers of direct bond issuance are mainly requires foreign invested enterprises to make registrations with domestic large-scale enterprises. The issuers of indirect bond issuance local PBOC branch for enterprise information after obtaining are mainly offshore subsidiaries of domestic enterprises with good business licenses. credit worthiness. The advantages of offshore RMB bond issuances lie in 3. Unclear provisions on investment methods following aspects: (1) issuance cost and interest rates are relatively low; (2) However, the Notice and Administrative Measures fail to clearly the financial service system of Hong Kong is relatively mature and market- define the RMB direct investment methods. Generally speaking, driven; (3) easier for the issuers to attract international investors. the equity investment activities such as incorporation, acquisition, Main Methods of RMB Fund Flowback capital increase and equity transfer are all important RMB fund flowback methods. However, the Notice and Administrative In October 2011, China’s Ministry of Commerce (“MOFCOM”) and the Measures fail to clarify several important issues: (1) whether People’s Bank of China (“PBOC”) promulgated the Administrative onshore RMB investment by way of acquisition includes round-trip Measures on RMB Settlement Business for Foreign Direct Investment investment or not, (2) whether RMB direct investment includes (“Administrative Measures”) and Notice on Cross-border Direct Investment offshore shareholder’s loan or not, and (3) whether foreign invested with RMB Fund (“Notice”), expressly permitting foreign investors to apply enterprises are exempted from the foreign debt registration overseas legally raised RMB fund to make direct investment in China. obligations imposed by existing regulations of SAFE. Currently, offshore RMB fund raised through bond issuance can flow back into China by the following methods: (1) if the issuer is a special purpose Suggestions on RMB Fund Flowback Methods vehicle (“SPV”), it can establish a joint venture with a domestic enterprise Therefore, it is believed that Chinese governments should make or a wholly foreign-owned company in China. After successful issuance following improvements on fund flowback methods raised by of bonds, the SPV would transfer the raised fund to the aforesaid joint offshore bond issuance. venture or wholly foreign-owned company by means of capital injection 1. Expand direct investment scope of RMB fund or capital injection plus loan; (2) the issuers who have already set up foreign invested enterprises in China can transfer raised RMB fund to the It is suggested that the PRC governments shall gradually allow foreign invested enterprises by capital injection which can realize large RMB fund to invest in onshore entrusted loans or securities and scale of inward fund. When the bonds become mature, the principals financial derivatives directly or indirectly. Meanwhile, on the basis can be repaid by means of offshore refinancing or transfer of equities of of complying with national industrial policies, the PRC government the subsidiary; (3) domestic financial leasing company can borrow fund shall also gradually allow RMB fund to invest in foreign invested from offshore market within its foreign debt quotation and transfer the companies, foreign invested venture capital enterprises or equity raised fund to the onshore market through financial leasing company. The invested enterprises directly, and gradually release the limitations Chinese government can encourage the offshore raised fund to flow to on investment in national macro-control industries such as cement, the industries promoted by the state by equity direct investment and debt steel, electrolytic aluminum, maritime and others. direct investment. 2. Confirm the offshore shareholder’s RMB loan as a method of fund flowback Main Limitations on RMB Fund Flowback The Notice fails to confirm whether RMB direct investment Currently, the major limitations on flowback of RMB fund to onshore includes offshore shareholder’s RMB loan or not. However, the market are as follows: Administrative Measures allows foreign invested companies to 1. Limited scope of investment borrow Renminbi from its overseas shareholders, affiliates and The Notice expressly provides that cross-border RMB direct investment offshore financial institutions within its credit quotation. Therefore, should comply with the requirements of Chinese laws on foreign investment offshore shareholder’s RMB loan should be an important method and industrial policies on foreign investment. If the total amount of the of flowback of RMB fund raised through bond issuance. RMB direct investment exceeds specific amount or involves special Generally speaking, there are many legal obstacles for offshore industries, the investment shall obtain approval from MOFCOM first, such fund to flow back into China. However, compared with previous as: (1) investment with capital contribution amount of RMB 300 million or RMB fund flowback pilot management regulations, the Notice more, (2) investment in industries such as financial leasing, small amount and Administrative Measures has already provided a simplified loan and auction, (3) investment in foreign invested companies, foreign RMB fund flowback examination and approval procedures. As the invested venture capital enterprises or equity investment enterprises, and Chinese government pushes ahead to accelerate reform efforts in (4) investment in national macro-control industries such as cement, steel, terms of opening up the capital markets and internationalizing electrolytic aluminum, maritime and others. the currency, we will inevitably see an 2. Strict governmental examination and approval procedures increase in the usage of RMB worldwide, and the development of the bond market The Notice stipulates that cross-border RMB direct investment shall is an important step to facilitate this comply with strict governmental examination and approval procedures. growth. Compared with foreign direct investment, foreign investors shall not only submit normal foreign investment related legal documents but also submit fund resources proof and explanation, use of fund explanation By Ms. Vivian JI, Counsel and specific forms to the relevant government authorities for approval. Watson Farley & Williams

The opinions expressed herein are that of the authors’ and do not represent the views of either the Law Society or the Editorial Board/Team of Hong Kong Lawyer. • December 2016

LEGAL TRIVIA #32

As with previous years, in the spirit of the winter holidays, all readers need to do for We would like to congratulate Leung Sew the December quiz is match photos of buildings to their names or former names. Tung Thomas, Senior Associate at the The questions have been prepared by Douglas Clark, Barrister. Suggestions for Tony Kan & Co., the winner of our Legal questions to appear in next month’s journal are most welcome. Quiz #31.

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Central Magistracy British Court for Japan (Yokohama Consulate) British Supreme Court for China High Court of Hong Kong Shenzhen Intermediate Supreme People’s Court Court South Kowloon Magistracy North Kowloon Magistracy Fanling Magistracy 5 Western Magistracy 6

7 8 9 10

Answers to Legal Trivia Quiz #31 1. B. The ICAC was established in 1974. 2. D. Sir Jack Cater was the first Commissioner of the ICAC. 3. C. Under the Basic Law, the ICAC is accountable directly to the Chief Executive. 4. B. Rafael Hui was Chief Secretary of Administration. 5. A. The Carrian Group was at the centre of the 1980s fraud in Hong Kong. 6. C. The trial judge after an eighteen month trial ruled there was no case to answer. This was Contest Rules: found to be wrong by the Court of Appeal on an Attorney-General’s reference. To be eligible to win 7. A. True. Dennis Barker who tried the Carrian case died in car accident in Cyprus four months a bottle of Ch. La after retiring. Croizille 2007 from 8. C. The High Court of Australia in 1998 ordered Tse Chu-fai (of the Allied Group) to be extradited Global Vintage Wines to Hong Kong overturning a first instance decision that had refused extradition because of Centre, please send your the change in status of Hong Kong. quiz question answers to [email protected]. 9. C. Proceedings against members of the Allied Group were permanently stayed twice and The first reader to respond with the most correct answers, with no overturned on appeal by the CFA twice. more than 3 incorrect responses, will be deemed the winner. The 10. A. True. Ronald Li, head of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, was convicted and sentenced to decision of Thomson Reuters regarding the winner is final and four years’ imprisonment. conclusive.

76 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • LEGAL TRIVIA QUIZ 法律知識測驗

法律知識測驗 #32

普天同慶聖誕佳節。與去年一樣，12月測驗為配對題，請讀者把圖中的 本刊謹此祝賀梁兆東， 簡松年律師行資 建築物與其正確名稱配對。 深律師，在法律知識測驗＃31中勝出。 問題由馬錦德(Douglas Clark)大律師編製。歡迎建議下期問題。

1 2 3 4

中央裁判司署 濱英國領事裁判所 英國在華最高法院 香港高等法院 深圳市中級人民法院 最高人民法院 北九龍裁判法院 南九龍裁判法院 西區裁判法院 粉嶺裁判法院 5 6

7 8 9 10

法律知識測驗#31的答案 1. B. 廉政公署於1974年設立。 2. D. 姬達爵士是首任廉政專員。 3. C. 根據《基本法》，廉政公署直接向行政長官負責。 4. B. 許仕仁曾任政務司司長。 5. A. 佳寧集團是80年代香港一宗詐騙案的主要涉案公司。 競賽規則： 6. C. 主審法官經過18個月的審訊後，裁定被告無須答辯。在律政司轉介下上訊 讀者如欲 法庭後來裁定判決錯誤。 贏取一瓶由 7. A. 是。審訊佳寧案的法官柏嘉退休後4個月在塞浦路斯死於車禍。 Global Vintage Wines 8. C. 澳洲高等法院於1998年下令將謝柱輝（聯合集團）引渡回港，推翻因香港 Centre提供的2007年Ch. La Croizille葡萄酒， 的地位改變而拒絕引渡的初審判決。 請將問題答案寄交[email protected]。首位 9. C. 對聯合集團成員的起訴兩次被永久擱置。永久擱置令兩次在終審法院被上訴 推翻。 能提供最多正確答案(答錯的題目不得多於三題)的讀者將成為優 10. A. 是。聯交所主席李福兆被判罪名成立，入獄四年。 勝者。湯森路透就得獎者所作的決定是最終及不可推翻的。

www.hk-lawyer.org 77 • December 2016 CAMPUS VOICES 法學院新聞

10th Anniversary Gala Dinner of CUHK Faculty of Law 香港中文大學法律學院十周年院慶晚 To celebrate the 10th Anniversary of its establishment, the Faculty of Law 宴 of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (“CUHK”) held its Gala Dinner at 為慶祝學院成立十周年，香港中文大學(中大)法 Conrad Hong Kong on 12 November 2016. Nearly 500 distinguished guests, 律學院於2016年11月12日舉行院慶晚宴。近 alumni, students and staff of the Faculty of Law gathered to celebrate the 500位嘉賓、校友及師生聚首一堂慶祝 。出席 anniversary. Distinguished guests attending the Gala Dinner included The 嘉賓包括法律教育及培訓常設委員會主席陳兆愷 Hon. Mr. Justice Patrick Chan Siu-oi, Chairman of the Standing Committee on Legal Education and Training; Dr. and Hon. Sir David Li Kwok-po, 法官、東亞銀行董事局主席兼行政總裁李國寶爵 Chairman and Chief Executive of the Bank of East Asia; The Rt. Hon. Dame 士、英國牛津大學聖休學院校長Elish Angiolini、 Elish Angiolini, DBE QC, Principal of St. Hugh’s College, University of 澳洲聯邦法院榮休法官Annabelle Bennett 、英 Oxford; The Hon. Annabelle Bennett AO SC, Retired Judge of the Federal 國劍橋大學法律學院教授Christopher Forsyth教 Court of Australia; Prof. Christopher Forsyth, Sir David Williams Professor 授、中大校長沈祖堯教授、三位前中大校長金耀 of Public Law, University of Cambridge; Prof. Joseph Sung, Vice-Chancellor, 基教授、李國章教授及劉遵義教授、中大法律學 CUHK; Prof. Ambrose King, Prof. and Hon. Arthur Li and Prof. Lawrence Lau, former Vice-Chancellors, CUHK; Prof. Mike McConville, Founding Dean 院創院院長Mike McConville教授，以及一直對學 of the Faculty of Law, CUHK; as well as many distinguished professional 院大力支持並經常向學生提供寶貴意見的一眾傑 mentors, who always provide their valuable advice and tremendous support 出業界導師。 to the Faculty and its students. 大會特別為晚宴製作一個巨型沙漏計時器，象徵 The Faculty specially prepared a mega sand timer for the Gala Dinner, 法律學院師生在過去十年共同努力的成就。於晚 which represents the accomplishments achieved through the concerted

Mr. Edwin Mok, representative of Mok Hing Yiu Charitable Foundation (left) and The Rt. Welcoming address by Prof. Christopher Gane, Dean of the Faculty of Law, Hon. Dame Elish Angiolini, QC, Principal of St. Hugh’s College, University of Oxford (right) CUHK. give their blessings to the Faculty. 中大法律學院院長Christopher Gane教授致歡迎辭。 莫慶堯慈善基金代表莫華昇先生(左)及英國牛津大學聖休學院校長Elish Angiolini送上他們對學 院 的 祝福。

78 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • CAMPUS VOICES 法 學 院 新 聞

(From left to right) Prof. Mike McConville, Prof. Ambrose King, Prof. Christopher Gane, The Hon. Mr. Justice Address by The Hon. Mr. Justice Patrick Chan. Patrick Chan, Prof. Joseph Sung, Prof. the Hon. Arthur Li and Prof. Lawrence Lau. 法律教育及培訓常設委員會主席陳兆愷法官致辭。 (左起) Mike McConville教授、金耀基教授、Christopher Gane教授、陳兆愷法官、沈祖堯教授、 李國章教授及 劉遵義教授。 efforts of CUHK staff and students in its first 10 years. In a ceremony at the 宴啟動儀式上，一眾主禮嘉賓將沙粒投入計時器 beginning of the dinner, officiating guests gave their blessings to the Faculty 來送上他們對學院的祝福，並由中大法律學院院 by pouring sand into the sand timer. Then, Prof. Christopher Gane, Dean of 長Christopher Gane教授啟動巨型沙漏計時器，寓 the Faculty of Law, CUHK, set the timer in motion, which symbolised the 意法律學院帶著過往累積的成就及眾人的祝福邁 bringing of the Faculty’s accomplishments and best wishes forward to the 進下一個十年。 next decade. As a token of appreciation, the Faculty presented souvenirs to 16 staff who 在晚宴上，大會向16位服務了學院10年或以上 have been working in the Faculty for 10 years or more. To conclude the Gala 的教職員頒發紀念品，以表示謝意。在晚宴的尾 Dinner, 10 CUHK law students and alumni from different programmes, 聲，大會邀得10位來自不同課程、年級及國籍的 years and nationalities, sang a song to congratulate the Faculty on its 10th 學生代表及校友代表獻唱一曲，以祝賀學院十周 Anniversary and to thank all of the distinguished guests for their guidance 年誌慶並答謝所有嘉賓友好的支持及指導。 and support.

Address by Prof. Joseph Sung, Vice-Chancellor, CUHK. Officiating guests pour their blessings into the sand timer and Prof. Christopher Gane, Dean of the Faculty of Law, 中大校長沈祖堯教授致辭。 CUHK, set the timer in motion. 主禮嘉賓透過手上的沙粒送上他們對學院的祝福，並由中大法律學院院長Christopher Gane教授（左三）啟動巨型沙漏 計 時 器。

www.hk-lawyer.org 79 • December 2016 A Feast for the Eyes By Euphemia Wong, Senior Associate Mayer Brown JSM

s an avid jewellery enthusiast, I was the reign of Queen Victoria, who Amost excited to visit the Hong Kong was renowned for her fashionable gallery of Sotheby’s on a chilly November taste, jewellery was all the rage evening. We had a superb turnout on across Europe. The roaring the night with more than 50 members twenties then brought the rise of the Law Society attending this event, of Art Deco, introducing fresh concepts encompassing an introduction to fine such, as geometrical shapes, abstract Diamonds are the most durable and jewels and timepieces by Sotheby’s in- designs, cubism, modernism and oriental hardest element on earth. It is also a very house specialists and a display of auction art into jewellery. This was also the time stable stone and can endure heat, cold items. when established houses started making and various household chemicals. This is their mark, such as Cartier, Van Cleef To my delight, on display was more than also one of reasons it is so sought after in Arpels and Boucheron. The wearing delectable jewels, but timeless watch the market. of wristwatches was also popularised, pieces from renowned makers such as including amongst women. During World On the night, of the many pieces on Patek Philippe and Vacheron Constantin, War II, there were widespread embargoes display, what caught my eye was the precious jadeite, charming vintage on gemstones, and jewellery pieces were iconic Cartier “Panthere” diamond, pieces from the Golden Era and most simplified to metal pieces adorned with sapphire and emerald ring and a white importantly, a free flow of red and white symbols of patriotism. Post war, people gold, diamond and emerald encrusted wine (simply to warm one’s chilly soul). celebrated with bright coloured jewellery; Frank Muller automatic “No.105 The event kicked off with a warm and diamonds solidified its position as Master Double Mystery” wristwatch, all introduction from Sotheby’s. We were the most sought after gemstone. “dream” pieces any girl would want to then taken “back in time” to the Egyptian own. Naturally, one would assume that Whether for personal pleasure or era 4000 BC, where jewellery was auctions are reserved for the wealthy investment, one should select and mainly in the form of collars and crowns and exclusive, but in recent times, purchase gemstones based on three symbolising power and wealth. Popular auctioneers, including esteemed houses, factors – rarity, beauty and durability gemstones at that time were carnelian, such as Sotheby’s, have begun to cater (and obviously, the amount of cash one amethyst and turquoise. We then for a more modest market. The pieces can spare). Rarity depends on supply and transcended into ancient Roma, where mentioned above, are just a fraction of demand. For example, amethyst was a the use of brooches for holding togas the retail price (notably, deduction will be precious stone amongst the Egyptians, and amulets were common amongst given for wear and tear). But most pieces but its value depleted considerably when the royalty and commoners. Such pieces are in mint condition, and if you’re lucky, a huge source was later discovered in were infused with designs of animals and there may even be a lovely story behind Africa. Beauty is more subjective. What coiling snakes, dotted with sapphires, the piece you acquire… may project beauty in one’s eye may not emeralds, jet and pearls. Later, during in that of another. And lastly, durability.

80 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • LAWYERS AT LEISURE 律師閒情 Guided tour at Sotheby’s Hong Kong Gallery

By Hugo Ngaw, Group Legal Counsel Convoy Financial Group

ur guided tour of Sotheby’s started gemstones, Yvonne suggested investing uninitiated, a tourbillon (a French word Owith wine tasting and was followed in stones that are red, green and blue. that means “whirlwind”) is an additional by a speech given by Kevin Ching, Chief She also noted that the combination mechanism of a watch escapement that Executive Officer of Sotheby’s Asia. Kevin of diamond and gemstones is currently aims to counter the effects of gravity by joined Sotheby’s in 2006 after working trendy. mounting the escapement and balance both in private practice and in-house! wheel in a rotating cage, to negate the Yvonne concluded her talk by reminding Yes, he was a solicitor! He concluded his effect of gravity when the timepiece us that the most important consideration talk by joking that if we were bored by (thus the escapement) is stuck in a when purchasing jewellery was to pick his colleagues’ talks, we could leave and certain position. By continuously rotating something we would like, as well as start shopping immediately. the entire balance wheel/escapement something we would wear. assembly at a slow rate, typically about Yvonne Chu, Sotheby’s jewel specialist, Jessie Kang, Sotheby’s watch specialist, one revolution per minute, positional gave the first very informative talk. She gave the second talk, in which she errors are averaged out. quickly transported us through the explained how to select the perfect history of jewellery, from appraising the Despite the hype, I learned that timepiece. She provided us with her own features of Egyptian jewels dating from tourbillons have been proven to be acronym, “BPM”, to remember when 4000 BC to Roman-style pieces ranging no more accurate than a traditional making our decision. It stands for: from 700 BC to 2 AD to jewels owned by escapement on a wristwatch. While some Queen Victoria in 1900s. • Brand: brand recognition is important: saying tourbillons are “useless”, they the continuity of the brand’s history, are still common among the uppermost Moving on to selecting pieces to whether the brand is locally and echelon in the watch market. Many purchase, she noted that most globally well-known; whether such Swiss-made examples start at around consumers usually focus on the brand brand has signature models; US$40,000 and price tags often break and craftsmanship; however, Yvonne the six-figure barrier. recommended we look into three • Production: whether it is a limited additional elements, which we could edition; and Jessie explained that tourbillons are remember through the acronym “RDB”: • Movement: the watch movement. still arguably one of the most difficult Some brands do not manufacture movements to make by hand. The • Rarity: whether the diamond/ their own calibre (ie, the “movement”, tourbillon mechanism is tiny, weighing gemstone is rare and from a well- is the mechanism of a watch, the in at under a gram, and is usually crafted known brand; small device inside the watch which with more than 40 parts, finished by • Durability: gemstones differ in makes it “move”). Some watch buyers/ hand and made from lightweight metals hardness; some need extra care if you collectors prefer the watch brands that like aluminium and titanium. They wish to look after it for your generation; still make their own calibre. Others require a special set of tools and a lot of and like more complicated products (eg, time to make. Many take more than one • Beauty: it is subjective, so different tourbillon). year, some even as long as two! people will have their own aesthetic After the talks concluded, I asked Jessie In spite of claims disavowing their utility, feelings. a few questions about tourbillons, as I I still look forward to owning my own Regarding the market trends of have never owned one myself. For the tourbillon watch one day! n

www.hk-lawyer.org 81 • December 2016

大飽眼福

作者 黃文珊 資深律師 孖士打律師行

為一個珠寶愛好者，11月有機 慶祝，而鑽石亦鞏固了其地位，成為最受 作會參觀蘇富比香港藝廊令我十分 追捧的寶石。 興奮。當晚超過50位律師會會員出席活 無論是個人樂趣或作為投資，選擇和購買 動，蘇富比的專家為我們講解精心製作的 寶石時，應基於三個因素：稀有度、美感 珠寶鐘錶和展示拍賣品。 和耐久度(當然還視乎每人的消費力)。稀 展出的珍品包括瑰麗珠寶、百達翡麗和江 有度取決於供求。例如，紫水晶對埃及人 詩丹頓等名錶、珍貴翡翠、黃金時代的迷 是種珍貴寶石，但後來在非洲發現巨大來 人古董，而且有關方面還提供紅、白酒任 源時，紫水晶的價值便大大降低。美感較 飲，在寒冷的晚上溫暖我們的心靈。 主觀，各花入各眼。最後是耐久度。鑽石 活動由蘇富比的熱情講解揭開序幕。我們 是地球上最耐久、最堅硬的元素。它也是 「回到」公元前4000年的埃及時代，當 一種非常穩定的寶石，耐熱、耐冷、不受 時的珠寶以頸圈和頭冠為主，象徵權力和 各種家用化學品破壞。這是市場如此追捧 財富。當時流行的寶石包括紅玉髓、紫水 鑽石的原因之一。 晶和綠松石。然後，我們穿越到古羅馬時 當晚許多展品中，最吸引我的是一隻卡 代，當時的皇族和平民均喜歡使用胸針來 地亞經典「美洲豹」形態鑽石、藍寶石和 固定長袍和作為護身符。這些珠寶加入了 綠寶石戒指，以及Frank Muller「No.105 動物和卷蛇的設計，以藍寶石、綠寶石、 Master Double Mystery」白金鑲鑽和綠寶 黑玉和珍珠點綴。之後的維多利亞女王 石自動腕錶，是所有女士的夢幻逸品。人 以其時尚品味聞名，珠寶風潮席捲歐洲。 們總認為拍賣是富豪的專利，蘇富比等尊 裝飾藝術在興旺的20年代興起，幾何形 貴拍賣行的拍賣師開始迎合更大眾化的市 狀、抽象設計、立體主義、現代主義和東 場。上面提到的珍品價格比零售價低得多 方藝術等新概念融入珠寶設計。這時期一 (價格主要因磨損降低)，但大部份是接近 些著名品牌也開始建立，如卡地亞、梵克 全新。如果運氣好，你買到的珍品背後更 雅寶和Boucheron。佩戴手錶也開始在包 可能有一個動人故事。 括婦女之間普及。二次大戰期間，寶石遭 受禁運，珠寶簡化為帶有愛國主義符號的 金屬飾品。戰後，人們以色彩明亮的珠寶

82 www.hk-lawyer.org December 2016 • LAWYERS AT LEISURE 律師閒情 蘇富比香港藝廊導賞參觀

作者 柯曉宇 集團法律顧問 康宏金融集團

們的蘇富比導賞參觀由品酒活動 知名品牌；品牌是否有經典型號；

我展開序幕，然後由蘇富比亞洲 • Production(生產)：是否是限量 區行政總裁程壽康先生致辭。程先 版；和 生於2006年加入蘇富比，之前曾 • Movement(機芯)：手錶機芯。有 私人執業和擔任企業律師！是的， 些品牌不製造自家機芯(即move- 他是律師！致辭結束時，他開玩笑 ment，手錶的機械結構，手錶內使 說，如果同事的講解太沉悶，我們 其「移動」的小裝置)。 一些手錶買 可以離開立即開始購物。 家／收藏家喜歡仍然製作自家機芯 首節講解由蘇富比珠寶專家Yvonne Chu 的手錶品牌。有些則喜歡更複雜的 主持，內容十分充實。她向我們簡述珠 產品(例如陀飛輪)。 寶的歷史，從公元前4000年的埃及珠 講解結束後，我問了Jessie幾個有關陀 寶，到公元前700年至公元2世紀的羅馬 飛輪的問題，因為我從未擁有陀飛輪手 風格作品，到1900年代維多利亞女王的 錶。陀飛輪(tourbillon，法文意思指「 珠寶，她都一一講解特點。 旋風」)是手錶的一個額外擒縱動力結 談到購買珠寶時如何選擇，她指出，大 構，通過在旋轉框架中裝嵌擒縱裝置和 多數消費者通常專注於品牌和工藝；然 平衡擺輪，當時計(即擒縱裝置)卡在某 而，Yvonne建議我們研究三個額外的元 一位置時，減少地心引力所做成的影 素，記住縮寫「RDB」： 響。透過持續慢速旋轉整個平衡擺輪／ • Rarity(稀有度)：鑽石／寶石是否罕 擒縱裝置，通常每分鐘轉動一周，消弭 見和來自知名品牌； 方位差的影響。

• Durability(耐久度)：每種寶石硬度 儘管被大肆炒作，我得悉陀飛輪的精確 不同，如果想長久保存，有些需要特 度已證實不比傳統的手錶擒縱結構高。 別保養； 雖然有人說陀飛輪「毫無用處」，但它 在高檔手錶市場仍很常見。很多瑞士製 • Beauty(美感)：這是主觀的，每人有 陀飛輪的價格由4萬美元起跳，甚至經 自己的審美觀感。 常超過六位數字。 關於寶石市場的趨勢，Yvonne建議投 Jessie解釋，陀飛輪仍可說是手工製作 資於紅色、綠色和藍色的寶石。她亦指 困難度最高的機芯之一。陀飛輪結構微 出，目前流行鑽石和寶石的組合。 細，重量少於一克，通常由超過40個部 最後，Yvonne提醒我們，購買珠寶時最 件組成，手工完成，由鋁和鈦等輕質金 重要的考慮，是選擇自己喜歡、自己會 屬製成，需要使用一套特殊工具，製造 佩戴的珠寶。 過程耗時甚長，有些需要一年多，甚至 第二節講解由蘇富比手錶專家Jessie 兩年才能完成！ Kang主持。她解釋如何選擇完美的手 雖然有人否定陀飛輪的作用，但我仍然 錶。她說我們決定時可考慮 「BPM」， 期待有一天擁有一隻陀飛輪手錶！ n 這代表：

• Brand(品牌)：品牌認知度是重要 的：品牌的歷史；是本地品牌或國際

www.hk-lawyer.org 83 TIMELESS GIFTS FOR LOVED ONE

he renowned Danish design house Georg Jensen works piece floats on the wrist with precious materials, crafting innovative collections that freeing the wearer of the Tweld function with form in designs that promise to quietly conventional impositions transform living spaces, bestow effortless style on modern day of chronometry. Its jewellery and ensure special occasions are honoured with gifts that moulded sculptural form will be cherished in a family throughout generations. is at once elegant yet The Copenhagen-headquartered design house has for 112 years, practical, with a sensuality since its founding in 1904, drawn from the vast array of talent reminiscent of the curved in rising new designers to give life to ideas born on a charcoal figures of an ice skater sketchpad, evolved from nature and lent a modern twist. “In art as on ice, a pastime that life, hindsight informs foresight,” says David Chu, the Creative Vivianna once said Director and Chairman of the Danish Royal Warrant- informed much of holding brand. her silver work. Vivianna’s powerful A bold awakening clean lines are also The designs of Sweden’s renowned 20th present in her avante- century Swedish silversmith Vivianna Torun garde Vivianna Torun Bülow-Hübe, the industry’s first female pioneer Bangles, which pare to ever gain international recognition, are inspired down traditionally TORUN BANGLES & RING by the magic of the nature. opulent ladies’ jewellery The sleek, numberless Vivianna Bangle Watch – to create understated yet luxurious emblems of feminine courage

the first wristwatch ever produced by the Georg VIVIANNA BANGLE WATCH and union. They are characterized by a rare eye-catching clasp Jensen brand - was created under the auspices of PAVÉ SET DIAMOND that connects the bangle’s serenely flowing lines, capturing the a philosophy of liberation. With a claspless design essence of a love story that promises greater strength in that flows seamlessly from dial to bangle, the graceful union than singularity. The design house’s Fusion collection, comprised of the creations watch of Danish textile artist Nina Koppel, marries the similarly elusive paradoxes of the ethereal with the practical and movement with durability. The sense of unruly ocean waves is cast in utterly refined precious metal and gemstones embedding pendants and statement rings. Inlayed with illuminating pops of precious stones, the creations revolutionise luxe fashion VIVIANNA BANGLE WATCH and deliver maximal impact with minimal size to brighten YELLOW GOLD any outfit with contemporary flare.

“I didn’t want to be trapped by time, so i made the watch open, made it shiny and took away everything that was watch-like, so when you looked at the watch you saw yourself and the second hand which reminded you that life is now, now, now, now. ”

FUSION RINGS

VIVIANNA TORUN BÜLOW-HÜBE Sponsored The triumph of asymmetry Henning Koppel is responsible for what we have come to think of as “Danish design”. Henning Koppel’s designs broke new ground for Georg Jensen with expansive and beautiful shapes. His designs are constructed in clean lines and exude warmth, a true feat of expertise. Koppel’s designs tempers the strict rules of functionalism with organic, lifelike shapes. His mission was to make everyday life products beautiful as well as practical. He was trained as a sculptor and began collaborating with Georg Jensen in 1946. The Danish modernist sculptor and silversmith whose flawless rendering of flatware, hollowware and jewellery KOPPEL GRANDE DATE SMALL SECONDS into flowing shapes re-imagine abstraction in functional form. The most recent variation of Koppel’s iconic 1978 wristwatch debuted at Basel World this year, with the playful vitality of the Swiss-made Koppel Grand Date Small Second Automatic in black, white and navy enthralling horologists and stylists alike. The Grand Date Small Second Automatic builds on the DNA of its original, which surprised chronographers at the time with its deliberate use of dots to mark minutes lending Scandinavian elegance to Swiss precision. Its 41-mm casing chronograph, minimalist dial and delicate elongated hands honour are luxuriously restrained, in contrast to a bold date HENNING KOPPEL module that offers that adds a contemporary twist to the emblematic mid- century timepiece. During his life, he won many awards including the Milan Triennial, the International Design Award and the Lunning Prize. Accolades are important, but what means even more to us is that people still choose to wear a watch by Henning Koppel or to serve coffee from one of his pots. The integrity and appeal of his designs remain vital and undiminished. Yet the emphasis on modernity in the Scandinavian design movement is nowhere more advanced by than in the collections of Henning Koppel, the Danish modernist sculptor and silversmith whose flawless rendering of flatware, hollowware and jewellery into flowing shapes re-imagine abstraction in functional form. Best memory of holiday Georg Jensen’s latest crop of distinctive and unique collections, based WINE 3-PACK on the award-winning craft of designers such as Vivianna and (CORKSCREW, STOPPER AND POURER) Koppel, weave effortless elegance into the traditional gift-giving rituals of the upcoming holiday. The stainless WINE COOLER steel HK pitcher that originated in Koppel’s Pregnant Duck marries beauty with function in a masterpiece that has become a classic symbol of the modern kitchen. The gently rounded contours of the pitcher, its embellished lip and curvaceous yet genteel handle lend a dramatic flare to a kitchen staple. The HK pitcher is part of Georg Jensen’s Bar and Wine collection, which features innovative indulgence to inspire the wine lover, and to bring elegant modernism to your entertaining.

GEORG JENSEN - PRINCE’S BUILDING Shop 120, 10 Chater Road, Central, Hong Kong SAR STAINLESS STEEL HENNING T: +852 2868 0707 KOPPEL PITCHER The opinions expressed herein are that of the authors’ and do not represent the views of either the Law Society or the Editorial Board/Team of Hong Kong Lawyer. MICHAEL PAGE LEGAL SPECIALISTS IN LEGAL RECRUITMENT

PRIVATEMEET THE PRACTICE TEAM IN-HOUSE, CORPORATE FINANCIAL SERVICES Insurance Litigator Senior Aviation Associate Senior Legal Counsel Legal Counsel Senior Counsel Legal Counsel › 2+ PQE › 6+ PQE › 7+ PQE › 5–10 PQE (PRC Qualification) › 7+ PQE › 3–6 PQE › International Law Firm › UK Law Firm › Multinational Corporate › Reputable Property Developer › Reputable Bank › Investment Bank Our client is a very well-established litigation and insurance A leading UK law firm with a growing practice is looking for a Our client is a European based MNC of fering market expansion Our client is a respectable property developer with premium Our client is a reputable and leading bank in Hong Kong, A well-established investment bank is currently seeking to specialised law firm seeking for a junior to mid-level associate senior aviation associate to join the newly set-up Hong Kong services to business partners across various industries commercial and residential property interests across the currently keen to take on a senior lawyer with strong financial add a new corporate lawyer to the sizable legal team of six, to take on a wide variety of contentious and non-contentious team. 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The ideal candidate will possess of the largest and most complex transactions to smaller deals number of sectors including infrastructure and transportation, on a range of corporate and M&A transactions, intellectual documentation and other corporate commercial and candidate will be a 7+ PQE lawyer with strong banking and/ at least 3 years’ PQE, with strong experience in M&A as well which requires greater responsibility. The ideal candidate financial institutions, energy and natural resources. You will property/competition/employment laws or any other ad hoc transactional matters. The successful candidate will be a PRC or financial services experience, with in house experience as exposure in private equity work. Experience gained with will be have at least 2 years’ PQE with exposure to insurance be qualified in the UK, Australia or Hong Kong, with at least 5 in-house matters. You will possess at least 7 years’ PQE with qualified lawyer, with around 5–10 years’ PQE in real estate/ obtained with another bank/financial institution. The ideal sizable/international law firms are preferred. You will be a work. He/she will speak excellent English (written and oral). years’ experience in aviation finance, where at least 2 years’ corporate commercial experience, any industry exposure in related corporate matters. The ideal candidate will be a team candidate will be a team player with a stable career history, strong team player with eagerness to build on an in house Mandarin language fluency will be an advantage but is not experience is obtained in Asia. You will work independently FMCG, Healthcare, Retail and Technology is highly regarded. player with strong interpersonal skill. Fluency in English and candidates who have worked with sizable law firms/financial career. Strong communication skills are required, as is fluency essential. 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Finance Associate Funds Associate Intellectual Property Counsel Senior Manager/Legal Manager Legal Counsel/Senior Counsel Senior Manager › 3+ PQE › 3+ PQE › 2+ PQE › 5+ PQE › 7–13 PQE › 8–13 PQE › Investment Bank › City Firm › Leading Offshore Firm › Leading Brand with Global Presence Our client is an established Hong Kong listed conglomerate › Leading Hong Kong Financial Regulator Our client is a full service house with established businesses Our client is a leader among international law firms, with A highly reputable offshore funds practice is seeking for a A respectable international brand with global business which is active in land development, hotel and other Our client is an established financial regulator in Hong across IBD, Asset Management, Securities, Brokerage multiple offices in Asia and a truly global network. In this role junior to mid-level funds lawyer to join the established team. presence is now inviting an experienced lawyer specializing investments across Hong Kong, China and South East Asia Kong and they continue to look to uphold the quality and and Financing. As businesses have been performing well, you will be responsible for general banking and leveraged Working alongside well regarded partners you will touch on in overseas trade mark matters to join their high caliber (mainly Japan and Thailand). They are hiring a mid-level Hong development of the Hong Kong financial market. In particular, the legal team is seeking to take on a new products lawyer finance work for private equity sponsors and corporate high profile funds work. You will have the opportunity work legal team in their Hong Kong office. Joining a team of four Kong qualified lawyer to support their main business activities. they are currently seeking for a seasoned corporate finance with good exposure in equity derivatives. You will have the borrowers. There will also be an opportunity to work on on a wide range of investment fund issues and products, lawyers, you will be responsible for managing all offshore Reporting to the Head of Legal, you will be supported by lawyer to join their team as a Senior Manager, to monitor opportunity to look after a variety of fixed income and equity lender side mandates with international investment banks and specifically focusing on Cayman and/or BVI laws (although it intellectual property (mainly trademark, copyright and Legal Officers in handling real estate and general commercial and to regulate listing activities in Hong Kong. Reporting to products including cash, OTC, structured notes and equity Chinese financial institutions. There will be a strong focus on is not essential that you have practised these laws directly). domain name) matters, including applications, oppositions, legal matters, including first-hand sales, real estate project the Directors, you will be leading junior professionals to vet derivatives. You will provide legal and regulatory support on a variety of syndicated and bilateral loans within the finance You will and gain intimate knowledge of hedge fund, fund renewals, and enforcement. The successful candidate will management, commercial agreement advisory and merger & listing applications and handle policy-making initiatives and complex and innovative structures, ensuring compliance with practice. The ideal candidate will possess top academic of fund and private equity fund structures. This position have at least 5 years PQE, with solid hands-on experience acquisitions etc. The successful candidate must have at least projects. The successful candidate will have at least 8–13 local regulatory guideline with SFO and HK Listing Rules, results with at least 3-5 years’ cross-border transactional is open to candidates with solid corporate and banking in matters involving intellectual property work. Experience 7–12 years’ PQE in real estate and general commercial law years’ PQE in corporate finance, where experience is gained as well as PRC cross border regulations such as QFII, QDII experience within the area of banking, ideally gained with background from international law firms as our client will offer gained reputable local or international law firms are preferred. with established law firms or property developers. You must with established international law firms. Practical and down- and stock-connect. You will possess at least 3 years relevant leading international law firms. Familiarity with LMA templates comprehensive training in funds work. The ideal candidate Fluency in spoken and written English and Chinese (Mandarin speak and write fluent English and Chinese. Lawyers with to-earth candidates with outstanding academic track record experience, whether obtained within in house or law firms. as well as experience working with international banks should speak excellent English and Chinese would be a plus. and Cantonese) is required. Ref: H3734980 less than 7 years’ experience may be considered for a Legal are sought after. You will speak and write excellent English Senior candidates will be considered for a senior role within and private equity houses will be essential. Ref: H3747540 Ref: H3709200 Manager role. Ref: H3736370 and Chinese. Ref: H3717260 the team. Ref: H3613350

Legal Counsel Assistant Legal Counsel/Legal Counsel Litigation/Financial Services Lawyer LOOKING FORWARD TO 2017 › 7+ PQE › 1-6 PQE › 3-8 PQE › Sizable Hong Kong Listed Conglomerate › Stable Financial Institution › Established Public Body Hong Kong’s legal sector enjoyed a steady 2016, and elements of caution did exist as a result of various macroeconomic factors. Our client is a HK listed company, part of a sizable listed Our client is a stable financial institution with strong footwork Our client is dedicated in ensuring full compliance of 2017 is expected to trend similarly, with an increasing number of new based-in-Hong Kong Chinese financial services firms seeking legal talent. Buy side will continue conglomerate group, with a variety of businesses across oil in Hong Kong and China. The legal team is well established the financial markets to local regulatory guidelines and & gas, logistics, trading and transportation. The company with little turnover, currently with 6 lawyers and eager to take legislations. Adding onto the growing team, they are eager to to grow within the financial services sector and employers will typically seek talent with asset management, private equity and fund house experience. Given the rising is seeking to take on a standalone legal counsel as a newly on 1 new lawyer. Reporting to the Head of Legal and providing recruit a high calibre litigation lawyer to join the Investigation trend of Chinese securities and other buy side houses slowly establishing themselves in Hong Kong, lawyers who are familiar with SFC (Securities and Futures Commission) created role, to work closely with senior management and support to two senior counsels, you will support on OTC Team. Reporting directly to the Senior Manager, you will be License Types (in particular 1, 4 , 6 and 9) are massively in demand. their internal Risk Control Team, to advise on and mitigate derivatives and capital market products, as well as related working with other professional team members in investigating any potential disputes, as well as to advise on investment regulatory matters. You will draft/review/negotiate agreements alleged misconduct and non-compliance activities, and However, global banks and multinational firms have slowed down recruiting due to the weaker economic climate and headcount issues. This may be a challenge for candidates projects, M&A, joint venture transactions, and any other and may receive exposure to non-products related work such evaluating evidence collected from those investigations. You who are keen to explore only positions in global corporations as there will be fewer openings available. day to day commercial matters. You will possess at least as securities, futures, taxation and general corporate. The must have at least 3-8 years’ PQE in commercial litigation Within the in-house commerce sector, we see strong and stable activity across the technology, digital, real estate, media, telecommunications sectors as well as mainland 7 years’ PQE with a variety of litigation and corporate successful candidate will possess at least 1 year’s PQE, with and/or financial services, where experience is obtained with commercial experience, where in house exposure will be exposure in ISDA/derivatives/other structured products. Prior leading international law firms. Driven candidates with strong Chinese companies with bases in Hong Kong. The hiring trends in the private practice are similar to past years, although firms are now more cautious with hiring. Lawyers with highly regarded. Ability to work independently and with experience working in China is highly regarded, as is a legal academic background are preferred. You must speak and experience in Banking Finance/M&A and Private Equity/Funds will continue to be sought after, though Chinese language skills is a key prerequisite. strong interpersonal skills to liaise with stakeholders at all qualification in the PRC. Strong English and Chinese language write fluent English and Chinese. Ref: H2890910 Increasingly, more employers, especially Chinese companies based in Hong Kong, are seeking professionals who have native Mandarin skills. Job seekers without this skill set levels is required. Strong English and Chinese language skills including spoken Mandarin is required. Ref: H3635470 skills including fluent Mandarin is required. Ref: H3464010 will find it challenging to secure a new role as the demand for Mandarin speakers is rising exponentially.

To apply, visit www.michaelpage.com.hk/apply quoting the reference number or contact our team at 852 2530 6100.

Specialists in legal recruitment Legal www.michaelpage.com.hk MICHAELMICHAEL PAGE PAGE LEGAL LEGAL SPECIALISTSSPECIALISTS ININ LEGALLEGAL RECRUITMENTRECRUITMENT

PRIVATEMEETPRIVATEMEET THE THE PRACTICE PRACTICE TEAM TEAM IN-HOUSE,IN-HOUSE, CORPORATE CORPORATE FINANCIALFINANCIAL SERVICES SERVICES InsuranceInsurance Litigator Litigator SeniorSenior Aviation Aviation Associate Associate SeniorSenior Legal Legal Counsel Counsel LegalLegal Counsel Counsel SeniorSenior Counsel Counsel LegalLegal Counsel Counsel › ›2+ 2+ PQE PQE › ›6+ 6+ PQE PQE › ›7+ 7+ PQE PQE › ›5–10 5–10 PQE PQE (PRC (PRC Qualification) Qualification) › ›7+ 7+ PQE PQE › ›3–6 3–6 PQE PQE › ›International International Law Law Firm Firm › › UK UK Law Law Firm Firm › › Multinational Multinational Corporate Corporate › ›Reputable Reputable Property Property Developer Developer › ›Reputable Reputable Bank Bank › ›Investment Investment Bank Bank OurOur client client is is a avery very well-established well-established litigation litigation and and insurance insurance A Aleading leading UK UK law law firm firm withwith a agrowing growing practice practice is is looking looking for for a a OurOur client client is is a Europeana European based based MNC MNC of of fering fering market market expansion expansion OurOur client client is is a arespectable respectable property property developer developer with with premium premium OurOur client client is is a areputable reputable and and leading leading bank bank in in Hong Hong Kong, Kong, A Awell-established well-established investment investment bank bank is is currently currently seeking seeking to to specialisedspecialised law law firm firm seeking seeking for for a juniora junior to to mid-levelmid-level associate associate seniorsenior aviation aviation associate associate to to join join the the newly newly set-up set-up Hong Hong Kong Kong servicesservices toto businessbusiness partnerspartners acrossacross variousvarious industriesindustries commercialcommercial and and residential residential property property interests interests across across the the currentlycurrently keen keen to to take take on on a asenior senior lawyer lawyer with with strong strong financial financial addadd a anew new corporate corporate lawyer lawyer to to the the sizable sizable legal legal team team of of six, six, toto take take on on a awide wide variety variety of of contentious contentious and and non-contentious non-contentious team.team. Taking Taking on on a asenior senior associate associate role, role, you you will will assist assist the the includingincluding FMCG, FMCG, Healthcare, Healthcare, Retail Retail and and Technology. Technology. They They region.region. They They are are actively actively expanding expanding their their portfolio portfolio with with a a servicesservices exposure. exposure. Joining Joining a awell-established well-established legal legal team team of of toto focus focus on on a avariety variety of of private private equity equity and and corporate corporate M&A M&A insuranceinsurance work. work. You You will will be be acting acting for for leading leading international international partnerspartners in in managing managing a abroad broad range range of of finance finance transactions transactions areare reputable reputable in in the the market market as as a areliable reliable outsourcing outsourcing partner partner particularparticular interest interest in in China’s China’s first first and and second second tier tier cities. cities. overover 12 12 lawyers, lawyers, you you will will take take on on a seniora senior counsel counsel role role reporting reporting transactions.transactions. Reporting Reporting to to the the Head Head of of Legal Legal and and working working insurersinsurers and and advising advising insurers insurers in in relation relation to to coverage, coverage, liability, liability, withwith specific specific focus focus on on aviation aviation work. work. The The firm firm has has a astrong strong toto help help companies companies grow grow their their businesses. businesses. You You will will take take on on a a YouYou will will report report to to the the General General Counsel Counsel and and provide provide legal legal toto the the Head Head of of Legal. Legal. Working Working with with various various businesses businesses and and inin an an established established team, team, you you will will take take ownership ownership of of primary primary reservereserve strategy strategy and and other other related related matters. matters. Most Most of of the the work work networknetwork of of established established clients clients in in the the region region and and you you will will standalonestandalone role role in in Hong Hong Kong Kong reporting reporting to to the the Head Head of of Legal Legal adviceadvice on on PRC PRC and and Hong Hong Kong Kong real real estate estate matters matters including including providingproviding legal legal support/advice support/advice to to them, them, you you will will identify identify and and marketsmarkets transactions transactions including including all all mergers mergers & &acquisitions acquisitions as as willwill have have an an international international dimension dimension and and will will range range from from some some havehave the the opportunity opportunity to to work work closely closely with with clients clients across across a a inin Europe, Europe, working working closely closely with with senior senior management management advising advising landland bidding, bidding, land land acquisition, acquisition, financing, financing, construction construction toto mitigate mitigate any any legal legal risk risk which which may may arise. arise. The The successful successful wellwell as as private private equity equity deals. deals. The The ideal ideal candidate candidate will will possess possess ofof the the largest largest and and most most complex complex transactions transactions to to smaller smaller deals deals numbernumber of of sectors sectors including including infrastructure infrastructure and and transportation, transportation, onon a arange range of of corporate corporate and and M&A M&A transactions, transactions, intellectual intellectual documentationdocumentation andand otherother corporatecorporate commercialcommercial andand candidatecandidate will will be be a a7+ 7+ PQE PQE lawyer lawyer with with strong strong banking banking and/ and/ atat least least 3 3years’ years’ PQE, PQE, with with strong strong experience experience in in M&A M&A as as well well whichwhich requires requires greater greater responsibility. responsibility. The The ideal ideal candidate candidate financialfinancial institutions, institutions, energy energy and and natural natural resources. resources. You You willwill property/competition/employmentproperty/competition/employment laws laws or or any any other other ad ad hoc hoc transactionaltransactional matters. matters. The The successful successful candidate candidate will will be be a aPRC PRC oror financial financial services services experience, experience, with with in in house house experience experience asas exposure exposure in in private private equity equity work. work. Experience Experience gained gained with with willwill be be have have at at least least 2 2years’ years’ PQE PQE with with exposure exposure to to insurance insurance bebe qualified qualified in in the the UK,UK, Australia Australia or or HongHong Kong, Kong, withwith at atleast least 5 5 in-housein-house matters. matters. You You will will possess possess at at least least 7 7years’ years’ PQE PQE with with qualifiedqualified lawyer, lawyer, withwith around around 5–10 5–10 years’ years’ PQE PQE in in real real estate/ estate/ obtainedobtained with with another another bank/financial bank/financial institution. institution. The The ideal ideal sizable/internationalsizable/international law law firms firms are are preferred. preferred. You You will will be be a a work.work. He/she He/she will will speak speak excellent excellent English English (written (written and and oral). oral). years’years’ experience experience in in aviation aviation finance, finance, wherewhere at atleast least 2 2years’ years’ corporatecorporate commercial commercial experience, experience, any any industry industry exposure exposure in in relatedrelated corporate corporate matters. matters. The The ideal ideal candidate candidate will will be be a ateam team candidatecandidate will will be be a ateam team player player with with a astable stable career career history, history, strongstrong team team player player with with eagerness eagerness to to build build on on an an in in house house MandarinMandarin language language fluency fluency will will be be an an advantage advantage but but is is not not experienceexperience is is obtained obtained in in Asia. Asia. You You will will work work independently independently FMCG,FMCG, Healthcare, Healthcare, Retail Retail and and Technology Technology is is highly highly regarded. regarded. playerplayer with with strong strong interpersonal interpersonal skill. skill. Fluency Fluency in in English English and and candidatescandidates who who have have worked worked with with sizable sizable law law firms/financial firms/financial career.career. Strong Strong communication communication skills skills are are required, required, as as is is fluency fluency essential.essential. Our Our client client offers offers fast-track fast-track career career advancement advancement withwith minimum minimum supervision supervision and and may may enjoy enjoy to to take take on on additional additional AbilityAbility to to work work independently independently and and being being a aself-starter self-starter is is key. key. MandarinMandarin is is required. required. Candidates Candidates requiring requiring visa visa sponsorship sponsorship institutionsinstitutions are are sought sought after. after. Strong Strong English English and and Chinese Chinese inin English English and and Chinese Chinese (including (including conversational conversational Mandarin). Mandarin). toto candidates candidates who who are are proactive proactive and and willing willing to to learn. learn. Ref: Ref: practicepractice management management and and development development responsibilities. responsibilities. Ref: Ref: StrongStrong communicator communicator with with proficiency proficiency in in English English and and ChineseChinese areare welcomed welcomed to to apply. apply. Ref: Ref: H3745930 H3745930 languagelanguage skills skills are are required. required. Ref: Ref: H3710810 H3710810 Ref:Ref: H3747480 H3747480 H3747680H3747680 H3668730H3668730 languages.languages. Ref: Ref: H3735430 H3735430

FinanceFinance Associate Associate FundsFunds Associate Associate IntellectualIntellectual Property Property Counsel Counsel SeniorSenior Manager/Legal Manager/Legal Manager Manager LegalLegal Counsel/Senior Counsel/Senior Counsel Counsel SeniorSenior Manager Manager › ›3+ 3+ PQE PQE › ›3+ 3+ PQE PQE › › 2+ 2+ PQE PQE › › 5+ 5+ PQE PQE › ›7–13 7–13 PQE PQE › › 8–13 8–13 PQE PQE › ›Investment Investment Bank Bank › ›City City Firm Firm › ›Leading Leading Offshore Offshore Firm Firm › › Leading Leading Brand Brand with with Global Global Presence Presence OurOur client client is is an an established established Hong Hong Kong Kong listed listed conglomerate conglomerate › › Leading Leading Hong Hong Kong Kong Financial Financial Regulator Regulator OurOur client client is is a afull full service service house house with with established established businesses businesses OurOur client client is is a a leader leader among among international international law law firms, firms, with with A Ahighly highly reputable reputable offshore offshore funds funds practice practice is is seeking seeking for for a a A A respectablerespectable internationalinternational brandbrand withwith globalglobal businessbusiness whichwhich isis activeactive inin landland development,development, hotelhotel andand otherother OurOur client client is is an an established established financial financial regulator regulator in in Hong Hong acrossacross IBD,IBD, AssetAsset Management,Management, Securities,Securities, BrokerageBrokerage multiplemultiple offices offices in in Asia Asia and and a trulya truly global global network. network. In In this this role role juniorjunior to to mid-level mid-level funds funds lawyer lawyer to to join join the the established established team. team. presencepresence is is now now inviting inviting an an experienced experienced lawyer lawyer specializing specializing investmentsinvestments across across Hong Hong Kong, Kong, China China and and South South East East Asia Asia KongKong and and they they continue continue to to look look to to uphold uphold the the quality quality and and andand Financing. Financing. As As businesses businesses have have been been performing performing well, well, youyou will will be be responsible responsible for for general general banking banking and and leveraged leveraged WorkingWorking alongside alongside well well regarded regarded partners partners you you will will touch touch on on inin overseas overseas trade trade mark mark matters matters to to join join their their high high caliber caliber (mainly(mainly Japan Japan and and Thailand). Thailand). They They are are hiring hiring a amid-level mid-level Hong Hong developmentdevelopment of of the the Hong Hong Kong Kong financial financial market.market. In In particular, particular, thethe legal legal team team is is seeking seeking to to take take on on a anew new products products lawyer lawyer financefinance work work for for private private equity equity sponsors sponsors and and corporate corporate highhigh profile profile funds funds work. work. You You will will have have the the opportunity opportunity work work legallegal team team in in their their Hong Hong Kong Kong office. office. Joining Joining a teama team of offour four KongKong qualified qualified lawyer lawyer to to support support their their mainmain business business activities. activities. theythey are are currently currently seeking seeking for for a aseasoned seasoned corporate corporate finance finance withwith good good exposure exposure in in equity equity derivatives. derivatives. You You will will have have the the borrowers.borrowers. There There will will also also be be an an opportunity opportunity to to work work on on onon a awide wide range range of of investment investment fund fund issues issues and and products, products, lawyers,lawyers, you you will will be be responsible responsible for for managing managing all all offshore offshore ReportingReporting to to the the Head Head of of Legal, Legal, you you will will be be supported supported by by lawyerlawyer to to join join their their team team as as a a Senior Senior Manager, Manager, to to monitor monitor opportunityopportunity to to look look after after a avariety variety of of fixed fixed income income and and equity equity lenderlender side side mandates mandates with with international international investment investment banks banks and and specificallyspecifically focusing focusing on on CaymanCayman and/or and/or BVI BVI laws laws (although (although it it intellectualintellectual property property (mainly (mainly trademark, trademark, copyright copyright and and LegalLegal Officers Officers in in handling handling real real estate estate and and general general commercial commercial andand to to regulate regulate listing listing activities activities in in Hong Hong Kong. Kong. Reporting Reporting to to productsproducts including including cash, cash, OTC, OTC, structured structured notes notes and and equity equity ChineseChinese financial financial institutions. institutions. There There willwill be be a astrong strong focus focus on on isis not not essential essential that that you you have have practised practised these these laws laws directly). directly). domaindomain name) name) matters, matters, including including applications, applications, oppositions, oppositions, legallegal matters, matters, including including first-hand first-hand sales, sales, real real estate estate project project thethe Directors, Directors, you you will will be be leading leading junior junior professionals professionals to to vet vet derivatives.derivatives. You You will will provide provide legal legal and and regulatory regulatory support support on on a avariety variety of of syndicated syndicated and and bilateral bilateral loans loans within within the the finance finance YouYou will will and and gain gain intimate intimate knowledge knowledge of of hedge hedge fund, fund, fund fund renewals,renewals, and and enforcement. enforcement. The The successful successful candidate candidate will will management,management, commercial commercial agreement agreement advisory advisory and and merger merger & & listinglisting applications applications and and handle handle policy-making policy-making initiatives initiatives and and complexcomplex and and innovative innovative structures, structures, ensuring ensuring compliance compliance with with practice.practice. The The ideal ideal candidate candidate will will possess possess top top academic academic ofof fund fund and and private private equity equity fund fund structures. structures. This This position position havehave at at least least 5 5 years years PQE, PQE, with with solid solid hands-on hands-on experience experience acquisitionsacquisitions etc. etc. The The successful successful candidate candidate must must have have at at least least projects.projects. The The successful successful candidate candidate will will have have at at least least 8–13 8–13 locallocal regulatory regulatory guideline guideline with with SFO SFO and and HK HK Listing Listing Rules, Rules, resultsresults with with at at least least 3-5 3-5 years’ years’ cross-border cross-border transactional transactional isis open open to to candidates candidates with with solid solid corporate corporate and and banking banking inin matters matters involving involving intellectual intellectual property property work. work. Experience Experience 7–127–12 years’ years’ PQE PQE in in real real estate estate and and general general commercial commercial law law years’years’ PQE PQE in in corporate corporate finance, finance, wherewhere experience experience is is gained gained asas well well as as PRC PRC cross cross border border regulations regulations such such as as QFII, QFII, QDII QDII experienceexperience within within the the area area of of banking, banking, ideally ideally gained gained with with backgroundbackground from from international international law law firms firms as as our our client client willwill offer offer gainedgained reputable reputable local local or or international international law law firms firms are are preferred. preferred. withwith established established law law firms firms or orproperty property developers. developers. You You mustmust withwith established established international international law law firms. firms. Practical Practical and and down- down- andand stock-connect. stock-connect. You You will will possess possess at at least least 3 3years years relevant relevant leadingleading international international law law firms. firms. Familiarity Familiarity withwith LMA LMA templates templates comprehensivecomprehensive training training in in funds funds work. work. The The ideal ideal candidate candidate FluencyFluency in in spoken spoken and and written written English English and and Chinese Chinese (Mandarin (Mandarin speakspeak and and write write fluent fluent English English and and Chinese. Chinese. Lawyers Lawyers with with to-earthto-earth candidates candidates with with outstanding outstanding academic academic track track record record experience,experience, whether whether obtained obtained within within in in house house or or law law firms. firms. asas wellwell asas experienceexperience workingworking withwith internationalinternational banksbanks shouldshould speak speak excellent excellent English English and and Chinese Chinese would would be be a aplus. plus. andand Cantonese) Cantonese) is is required. required. Ref: Ref: H3734980 H3734980 lessless than than 7 7years’ years’ experience experience may may be be considered considered for for a aLegal Legal areare sought sought after. after. You You will will speak speak and and write write excellent excellent English English SeniorSenior candidates candidates will will be be considered considered for for a asenior senior role role within within andand private private equity equity houses houses will will be be essential. essential. Ref: Ref: H3747540 H3747540 Ref:Ref: H3709200 H3709200 ManagerManager role. role. Ref: Ref: H3736370 H3736370 andand Chinese. Chinese. Ref: Ref: H3717260 H3717260 thethe team. team. Ref: Ref: H3613350 H3613350

Legal Legal Counsel Counsel AssistantAssistant Legal Legal Counsel/Legal Counsel/Legal Counsel Counsel Litigation/FinancialLitigation/Financial Services Services Lawyer Lawyer LOOKINGLOOKING FORWARD FORWARD TO TO 2017 2017 › › 7+ 7+ PQE PQE › › 1-6 1-6 PQE PQE › ›3-8 3-8 PQE PQE › › Sizable Sizable Hong Hong Kong Kong Listed Listed Conglomerate Conglomerate › › Stable Stable Financial Financial Institution Institution › ›Established Established Public Public Body Body HongHong Kong’s Kong’s legal legal sector sector enjoyed enjoyed a asteady steady 2016, 2016, and and elements elements of of caution caution did did exist exist as as a aresult result of of various various macroeconomic macroeconomic factors. factors. OurOur client client is is a aHK HK listed listed company, company, part part of of a asizable sizable listed listed OurOur client client is is a astable stable financial financial institution institution withwith strong strong footwork footwork OurOur clientclient isis dedicateddedicated inin ensuringensuring fullfull compliancecompliance ofof 20172017 is is expected expected to to trend trend similarly, similarly, with with an an increasing increasing number number of of new new based-in-Hong based-in-Hong Kong Kong Chinese Chinese financial financial services services firms firms seeking seeking legal legal talent. talent. Buy Buy side side will will continue continue conglomerateconglomerate group, group, with with a avariety variety of of businesses businesses across across oil oil inin Hong Hong Kong Kong and and China. China. The The legal legal team team is is well well established established thethe financial financial markets markets to to local local regulatory regulatory guidelines guidelines and and & &gas, gas, logistics, logistics, trading trading and and transportation. transportation. The The company company withwith little little turnover, turnover, currently currently with with 6 6lawyers lawyers and and eager eager to to take take legislations.legislations. Adding Adding onto onto the the growing growing team, team, they they are are eager eager to to toto grow grow within within the the financial financial services services sector sector and and employers employers willwill typically typically seek seek talent talent withwith asset asset management,management, private private equity equity and and fund fund house house experience. experience. GivenGiven the the rising rising isis seeking seeking to to take take on on a astandalone standalone legal legal counsel counsel as as a anewly newly onon 1 1new new lawyer. lawyer. Reporting Reporting to to the the Head Head of of Legal Legal and and providing providing recruitrecruit a ahigh high calibre calibre litigation litigation lawyer lawyer to to join join the the Investigation Investigation trendtrend of of Chinese Chinese securities securities and and other other buy buy side side houses houses slowly slowly establishing establishing themselves themselves in in Hong Hong Kong, Kong, lawyers lawyers who who are are familiar familiar with with SFC SFC (Securities (Securities and and Futures Futures Commission) Commission) createdcreated role, role, to to work work closely closely with with senior senior management management and and supportsupport to to two two senior senior counsels, counsels, you you will will support support on on OTC OTC Team.Team. Reporting Reporting directly directly to to the the Senior Senior Manager, Manager, you you will will be be LicenseLicense Types Types (in (in particular particular 1, 1, 4 4, 6, 6and and 9) 9) are are massively massively in in demand. demand. theirtheir internal internal Risk Risk Control Control Team, Team, to to advise advise on on and and mitigate mitigate derivativesderivatives and and capital capital market market products, products, as as well well as as related related workingworking with with other other professional professional team team members members in in investigating investigating anyany potential potential disputes, disputes, as as well well as as to to advise advise on on investment investment regulatoryregulatory matters. matters. You You will will draft/review/negotiate draft/review/negotiate agreements agreements allegedalleged misconductmisconduct andand non-compliancenon-compliance activities,activities, andand However,However, global global banks banks and and multinational multinational firms firms have have slowed slowed down down recruiting recruiting due due to to the the weakerweaker economic economic climate climate and and headcount headcount issues. issues. This This maymay be be a achallenge challenge for for candidates candidates projects,projects, M&A, M&A, joint joint venture venture transactions, transactions, and and any any other other andand may may receive receive exposure exposure to to non-products non-products related related work work such such evaluatingevaluating evidence evidence collected collected from from those those investigations. investigations. You You whowho are are keen keen to to explore explore only only positions positions in in global global corporations corporations as as there there will will be be fewer fewer openings openings available. available. dayday to to day day commercial commercial matters. matters. You You will will possess possess at at least least asas securities, securities, futures, futures, taxation taxation and and general general corporate. corporate. The The mustmust have have at at least least 3-8 3-8 years’ years’ PQE PQE in in commercial commercial litigation litigation WithinWithin the the in-house in-house commerce commerce sector, sector, we we see see strong strong and and stable stable activity activity across across the the technology, technology, digital, digital, real real estate, estate, media, media, telecommunications telecommunications sectors sectors as as well well as as mainland mainland 7 7 years’ years’ PQE PQE with with a a variety variety of of litigation litigation and and corporate corporate successfulsuccessful candidate candidate will will possess possess at at least least 1 1year’s year’s PQE, PQE, with with and/orand/or financial financial services, services, wherewhere experience experience is is obtained obtained withwith commercialcommercial experience, experience, where where in in house house exposure exposure will will be be exposureexposure in in ISDA/derivatives/other ISDA/derivatives/other structured structured products. products. Prior Prior leadingleading international international law law firms. firms. Driven Driven candidates candidates withwith strong strong ChineseChinese companies companies with with bases bases in in Hong Hong Kong. Kong. The The hiring hiring trends trends in in the the private private practice practice are are similar similar to to past past years, years, although although firms firms are are now now moremore cautious cautious withwith hiring. hiring. Lawyers Lawyers withwith highlyhighly regarded. regarded. Ability Ability to to work work independently independently and and with with experienceexperience working working in in China China is is highly highly regarded, regarded, as as is is a alegal legal academicacademic background background are are preferred. preferred. You You must must speak speak and and experienceexperience in in Banking Banking Finance/M&A Finance/M&A and and Private Private Equity/Funds Equity/Funds will will continue continue to to be be sought sought after, after, though though Chinese Chinese language language skills skills is is a akey key prerequisite. prerequisite. strongstrong interpersonal interpersonal skills skills to to liaise liaise with with stakeholders stakeholders at at all all qualificationqualification in in the the PRC. PRC. Strong Strong English English and and ChineseChinese language language writewrite fluent fluent English English and and Chinese.Chinese. Ref: Ref: H2890910H2890910 Increasingly,Increasingly, more more employers, employers, especially especially Chinese Chinese companies companies based based in in Hong Hong Kong, Kong, are are seeking seeking professionals professionals who who have have native native Mandarin Mandarin skills. skills. Job Job seekers seekers without without this this skill skill set set levelslevels is is required. required. Strong Strong English English and and Chinese Chinese language language skillsskills including including spoken spoken Mandarin Mandarin is is required. required. Ref: Ref: H3635470 H3635470 skillsskills including including fluent fluent Mandarin Mandarin is is required. required. Ref: Ref: H3464010 H3464010 willwill find find it itchallenging challenging to to secure secure a anew new role role as as the the demand demand for for MandarinMandarin speakers speakers is is rising rising exponentially. exponentially.

ToTo apply, apply, visit visit www.michaelpage.com.hk/apply www.michaelpage.com.hk/apply quoting quoting the the reference reference number number or or contact contact our our team team at at 852 852 2530 2530 6100. 6100.

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Today, comprehensive eDiscovery jurisprudence. eDiscovery is integral to case management, as it can impact Data privacy and cybersecurity laws and compliance are hot budgets significantly. topics in eDiscovery. There were Hong Kong and U.S. cases An eDiscovery project begins with data collection and where parties invoked Chinese state secrecy and accountancy preservation. This stage must be conducted with forensically- laws to block disclosure requests to varying degrees of success. sound practices to avoid spoliation claims. The data (in eDiscovery might be conducted onsite at client offices to volumes of 10s to 1000s of gigabytes) must then be processed assuage various confidentiality concerns. Tailored workflows and unitized in a database. Duplicates and system-created must therefore be implemented to handle sensitive data and files are filtered out. Data files might also need decryption work with corporate policies. and repair. The data is hosted on a software platform, where eDiscovery technology solutions impact widely on legal practice keyword searches are applied to further reduce document today, especially when complex disclosure projects are the “new sets for human review for case relevancy and privileged normal”. Given the moving parts and aggressive timeframes communications. The data set could also be limited by time of eDiscovery projects, it is cost-effective for lawyers, even range and custodian, and pre-sorted by email threads and those with eDiscovery experiences and capabilities, to consult document version (if more than one version was created). 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Such investigations often require technology services. Ko assists law firm, cross-border data transfers, and many are connected with banking and corporate clients in designing and executing strategies to conduct local China. Demand is also driven by U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices and cross-border eDiscovery reviews for Act investigations, patent prosecution, and shareholder investigations, litigation and arbitration, litigation. utilizing the latest technologies and Conducting cross-border eDiscovery adds several dimensions industry best practices. He is supported by his teams and partners of complexity, and might require eDiscovery services in remote in Greater China, Japan and Singapore. He also oversees the hiring locations, different time zones, and multiple languages. For and training of review teams. Previously, he practiced law in a U.K. Magic Circle firm and a U.S. Am Law 100 firm, where he advised example, if data containing mixed English and CJK (Chinese, banks, funds, retail manufacturers, insurers, professional service Japanese, and Korean) text is processed without accounting firms, securities dealers, and technology companies, and utilities for their differences in encoding, the text would appear on high-value, cross-border internal investigations and regulatory unsearchable and scrambled. Regularly, eDiscovery in Asia enforcement, and international arbitration and litigation. requires scanning of paper records, but optical character recognition may not be effective in all cases. Separate review Epiq is a leading global workflows are needed for searchable and unsearchable provider of integrated records. 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The opinions expressed herein are that of the authors’ and do not represent the views of either the Law Society or the Editorial Board/Team of Hong Kong Lawyer. SPECIALIST PROFESSIONAL RECRUITMENT LEGAL PROFESSIONALS

COMMERCE & INDUSTRY FINANCIAL SERVICES

HEAD OF LEGAL LEGAL COUNSEL INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING COMPANY APAC PRIVATE BANK OAA/514920 OAA/506340 A well established international logistics and shipping company is seeking a Head of The private banking arm of a global financial institution is looking to grow the Hong Legal. You will manage the existing legal team and provide guidance as the business Kong legal team working directly for the Head of Legal. The role will look at a variety continues to grow through both organic and acquisitive channels. of private banking products (lending as well as investment) and more general legal matters.

Key Requirements: Key Requirements: ■ A qualified lawyer with a minimum of ten years’ PQE, either Hong Kong or other ■ A qualified lawyer with a minimum of three years’ PQE, trained in a top law firm commonwealth qualified ■ A strong background in one of banking, derivatives or corporate law ■ Well-proven experience in handling corporate commercial legal matters including ■ Motivation to develop private banking product knowledge M&A projects, transactions, corporate restructuring, etc ■ Strong communication skills, independent and proactive ■ Strong decision making and analytical abilities ■ Fluent English and Mandarin is essential for this role ■ Fluent English and Cantonese is essential for this role. Mandarin is advantageous

FINANCIAL SERVICES

HEAD OF COMPLIANCE HEAD OF COMPLIANCE EUROPEAN INVESTMENT BANK GLOBAL ASSET MANAGER WDM/514770 QPD/497380 A prominent European banking group with a highly successful Private Banking/Wealth A prominent Asian financial group is seeking a senior compliance professional to Management business in Asia is expanding their offerings by launching an investment lead compliance for their Asset Management business in Hong Kong. This firm is a banking business in HK. For this they need a strong IB Compliance professional, global leader and diversified financial holding group with a notable asset management preferably with legal training, who will establish best practices and ensure compliant business operating in all global markets. This person will lead HK based compliance banking activity while additionally managing the relationship with the SFC. activity and be responsible for working directly with the local regulators while managing a team.

Key Requirements: Key Requirements: ■ In depth regulatory knowledge related to Investment Banking activities ■ Expert knowledge related SFC regulated activities 1, 4, & 9 ■ Experience in senior compliance leadership position within a global bank; building ■ Experience serving as a senior compliance officer for an Asset Management firm or and leading teams experience is ideal investment fund ■ Demonstrated experience in working directly with front office trading teams in ■ Demonstrated experience in a senior leadership position working daily with C level compliance advisory roles executives on mission critical firm-wide initiatives ■ Fluent English and Chinese is essential for this role ■ Fluent English and Chinese is essential for this role

FINANCIAL SERVICES

COMPLIANCE ADVISORY AVP/VP, BANKING VP, FINANCIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION TOP US BANKING GROUP LEADING GLOBAL BANK QPD/514420 QPD/515840 Our client is looking to hire a senior compliance professional, with experience across Our client is a top, global banking group committed to establishing a strong corporate or wholesale banking, to oversee all compliance matters for a dynamic and compliance and financial crime compliance team. They have a developing business growing business. You will report into the Deputy Head of Compliance based here in and an impressive stronghold in the market. They continue to build out their teams, Hong Kong, with a dotted line into the APAC Head of Financial Crime Compliance. and are now looking for a strong investigation professional, ideally with a background in the police or regulator.

Key Requirements: Key Requirements: ■ Minimum of 10 years of relevant experience, at least five covering compliance as a ■ Minimum 10 years of banking operations experience, with relevant exposure to subject matter expert anti-money laundering / compliance / trade finance/ banking regulatory bodies / ■ Good knowledge of laws and regulations in relevant Asian jurisdictions. An risk management would be highly regarded awareness of U.S. banking, securities and bank holding company laws and ■ Good knowledge of banking products/ trade/ finance/ factoring loans/ regulations regulations is desirable and strong interest in Fraud investigation ■ Good understanding of the general operation of international financial markets, ■ Familiar with Criminal Law and judicial proceedings international trade, and the conduct of business on a cross-border basis ■ Fluent English and Chinese is essential for this role ■ Fluent English and Chinese is essential for this role

TO FIND OUT MORE ABOUT THESE EXCITING LEGAL CAREER OPPORTUNITIES, PLEASE CONTACT: Megan Craighead +852 2103 5377 [email protected] Oliver Allcock +852 2103 5317 [email protected] Ricky Mui +852 2103 5370 [email protected] Tony Wilkey +852 2103 5338 [email protected]

www.robertwalters.com.hk ROBERT WALTERS HONG KONG • 20/F NEXXUS BUILDING • 41 CONNAUGHT ROAD CENTRAL • CENTRAL • HONG KONG Hong Kong • Singapore • Beijing • Shanghai Specialising in Legal, Financial Services, and Commerce Hong Kong • Singapore • Beijing • Shanghai Specialising in Legal, Financial Services, and Commerce Private Practice In-house CORPORATE/COMMERCIAL HONG KONG SA/PARTNER HEAD OF COMPLIANCE HONG KONG 8-15 PQE City firm seeks a fluent Mandarin corporate/commercial lawyer Leading insurance company seeks a strong senior compliance with solid PRC experience. You will need at least 6+ PQE from professional to provide compliance and privacy leadership in the a reputable firm/multinational partnership is a responsibility region. You will play a key role and work closely with business leaders practice. (HKL 11935) and the local compliance team. The ideal candidate will have a legal background and possess 10+ years of experience in the compliance COMMERCIAL LITIGATION HONG KONG PARTNER field. (HKL 14683) Unique opportunity for a senior litigation lawyer or Partner to join this well-known top tier practice. Work involves a mix of TRANSACTION LAWYER HONG KONG 5-10 PQE general commercial and financial services litigation. No following Global asset manager has a vacancy for a transaction lawyer with or language skills required. (HKL 14667) solid experience in fixed income investments and structured finance; great opportunity to be part of a fast growing business and gain FUNDS HONG KONG 3-7 PQE exposure to multiple products. Collegiate working environment and Off-shore law firm seeks experienced funds associate to join attractive package on offer. (HKL 14663) their growing practice. Working with major financial institutions/ AVIATION FINANCE LAWYER HONG KONG 5-10 PQE corporations in the establishment and structuring of offshore investments. Mandarin is not required and open to relocation of Global airline business seeks a strong aviation lawyer to oversee lawyers from overseas. (HKL 14650) a wide range of aircraft financing transactions including aircraft trading, leasing and acquisition. Rare opportunity to join an in house INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY HONG KONG 3-7 PQE legal team and assist in high-profile financing deals and interesting Well-established IP practice seeks an experienced lawyer who legal matters. Solid experience in aircraft finance gained in a global can focus on the full spectrum of IP matters, from litigation to law firm is required. (HKL 14694) licensing, portfolio management, advisory work, data protection REGIONAL LEGAL COUNSEL HONG KONG 4-8 PQE issues, trademarks, copyright and patent enforcement. Chinese Global insurance group is looking to expand their regional legal team. language required. (HKL 14645) The position will advise on a wide range of business operational matters including policy, distribution and marketing. Great CORPORATE M&A HONG KONG 2-7 PQE opportunity to work on international/cross-border matters and in a International law firm seeks a lawyer with solid transactional highly dynamic and visible role. (HKL 14679) experience to join their growing practice where you will work with a highly-regarded lawyer. Representing household names LITIGATION COUNSEL HONG KONG 4-8 PQE across the region and internationally. Mandarin language skills A high profile conglomerate seeks a commercially astute lawyer and HK qualification required. (HKL 13869) to assist on a range of employment and commercial litigation matters. The employment advice will span both contentious and BANKING FINANCE HONG KONG 1-4 PQE non-contentious matters, while the disputes issues will include City firm seeks a banking finance lawyer to join their well- contractual, suppliers, personal injuries, IP and discrimination claims. established tier 1 team. You should be qualified in a common (HKL 14669) law jurisdiction and possess solid experience in leveraged and acquisition finance from an international firm. (HKL 14640) PRC LEGAL COUNSEL HONG KONG 3-7 PQE Privately held asset management group with a strong presence in the REAL ESTATE HONG KONG 3+ PQE region seeks a corporate/banking lawyer to advise on commercial This leading practice seeks a lawyer with strong transactions matters. Experience in HK regulatory issues, capital markets and/ experience to advise on commercial real estate matters such as; or OTC derivatives matters products will be highly valued. Native acquisition of rights, corporate leasing, projects, finance related Mandarin and PRC bar qualification required. (HKL 14270) transactions and more. This is a great opportunity for a lawyer to join an international law firm, working within a collegiate team LEGAL COUNSEL HONG KONG 1-4 PQE of lawyers. Chinese language required. (HKL 14616) International Financial Institution seeks experienced DCM lawyer to work within EMTN in Hong Kong and Taiwan markets. Excellent opportunity to move from private practice to in-house. Mandarin required. Excellent remuneration packageww on w.alsrecruit.comoffer. (HKL 14579) To apply, please send your updated resume to [email protected], or contact one of our Legal Consultants in Hongww Kong:w.alsrecruit.com ClaireTo apply, Park please send your updated resume to [email protected],Georgeanna Mok or contact one of our Legal Consultants Williamin Hong ChanKong: Tel:Claire +852 Park 2920 9134 Tel:Georgeanna +852 2920 Mok 9101 Tel:William +852 Chan 2920 9105 Email:Tel: +852 c.park@als 2920 9134recruit.com Email:Tel: +852 [email protected] 2920 9101 Email:Tel: +852 w.chan@als 2920 9105recruit.com Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] GLOBAL NAVIGATORS OF LEGAL CAREERS

Major, Lindsey & Africa, founded in 1982, is the world’s largest and most experienced legal search firm, offering unparalleled service and strategic advice to candidates and clients looking to gain access to Asia Pacific, Australia, EMEA and the United States.

ASSOCIATE OPPORTUNITY: HK Capital Markets, 2–4 years PQE (Hong Kong) International law firm seeks an associate to join its capital markets team. This role offers an outstanding platform in Hong Kong working largely on DCM deals. The firm has a global presence and offers excellent training and development with a market-leading remuneration package.

ASSOCIATE OPPORTUNITY: Corporate or Funds, Commonwealth-qualified, 2–4 years PQE, Mandarin language skills preferred (Hong Kong) Offshore firms seek junior to mid-level corporate or funds associates to join their teams. Corporate associates will be offered a wide spectrum of work. The firms are well-known for their collegiate environment and work quality.

ASSOCIATE OPPORTUNITY: Banking/Finance, 2–6 years PQE (Hong Kong) US Law firm seeks a junior-mid level associate to join its banking team. This role offers outstanding international work experience with cross-selling between offices. Furthermore, mentorship and L&D initiatives at the firm give access to some of the best training resources in the market.

ASSOCIATE OPPORTUNITY: Arbitration, Commonwealth/US-qualified, 1+ years of experience, Mandarin language skills required (Singapore) Top US law firm seeks an arbitration lawyer. The ideal candidate has previous arbitration experience from a top firm and has a stellar academic background. Relocation is available to the right candidate.

ASSOCIATE OPPORTUNITY: Corporate, Commonwealth-qualified, 3+ years PQE, Mandarin language skills required (Beijing) Elite UK law firm seeks a mid-level corporate associate for its team in Beijing. The incoming candidate is expected to get involved in M&A, PE and securities transactions. Relocation is possible for the right candidate.

ASSOCIATE OPPORTUNITY: M&A, US-qualified, 4+ years of experience, Mandarin language skills required (Beijing) Wall Street law firm seeks a mid-level M&A associate for its team in Beijing. The incoming candidate will work with an elite corporate team across the region and focus on outbound M&A transactions. JD from top US law school is required.

ASSOCIATE OPPORTUNITY: International Arbitration, Foreign-qualified, 7–10 years PQE, No Japanese skills are required (Tokyo) Well-respected Japanese law firm seeks an international arbitration lawyer to join its Tokyo office.

ASSOCIATE OPPORTUNITY: Corporate, Commonwealth-qualified, 2–5 years PQE (Sydney) Top tier law firm seeks an associate to join its corporate team in Sydney. Candidates should have excellent M&A experience at an international firm. Associates with strong international experience are highly preferred.

Carl Hopkins, Asia Managing Partner Nathan Peart, Consultant +852 3101 9678 • [email protected] +852 3101 9678 • [email protected]

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Litigation Banking & Finance Construction Litigation 2-5 PQE Hong Kong 3-5 PQE Hong Kong 3-5 PQE Hong Kong Globally recognised law firm seeks a litigator Excellent opportunity for an associate to This premier practice seeks a construction to join this market leading firm recognised join a market leading practice. You will work lawyer with exposure to litigation and arbitration In-House Private Practice throughout the region for disputes. Ideal on general banking and leveraged finance matters. You will work alongside highly regarded candidates will have solid experience ideally matters for PE sponsors and corporate partners in a close-knit team, representing parties HEAD OF LEGAL HONG KONG 15+ YEARS CONSTRUCTION PARTNER HONG KONG 10+ YEARS gained with a reputable firm. Common law borrowers and be exposed to lender side in complex adjudications. You will be HK qualified qualified; fluency in language skills preferred. mandates with international investment with experience gained with a leading practice. Insurance provider seeks a Head of Legal to advise the senior management Global law firm is seeking a construction partner with significant arbitration HKL4362 banks. HKL4338 Cantonese required. HKL4317 on legal, risk management & strategic issues. Solid experience in insurance/ experience to join its Dispute Resolution team. Fluent Mandarin skills private banking/funds is required and in-house experience highly preferred. advantageous. HK/Singapore qualified & extensive relevant experience in Good interpersonal & communication skills are essential. HKL6222 the region. A portable book of business is essential. HKL6207 Funds Shipping Litigation Corporate Finance 1-5 PQE Hong Kong/Singapore 2+ PQE Hong Kong 5+ PQE Hong Kong ED - FUNDS HONG KONG/SHANGHAI 9-12 YEARS REAL ESTATE HONG KONG 6-8 YEARS Top tier law firm seeks a funds associate for This is a fantastic opportunity with a globally This is an excellent opportunity for an associate their market leading practice. You will advise recognised international law firm, seeking a looking to join a well-established and collegiate Top US investment bank actively seeks a senior legal counsel at ED level with International firm seeks a real estate lawyer to provide support to its corporate on a variety of funds matters including private junior shipping litigator to work for a highly team. You will focus on HK listing work with strong experience in a broad spectrum of funds work, including authorized department. You will have broad real estate experience including leasing, & private funds as well as regulatory matters. Prior PRC-related experience conveyancing, acquisitions & disposals etc. Ability to work independently fund formation, establishment and registration regarded partner and act for household name exposure to some M&A transactions. The is essential. Business level Mandarin skills are required. HKL6212 and fluent Cantonese and Mandarin are essential. HKL6190 of retail and exchange traded funds. Ideal clients including global insurers, P&I Clubs and team is well structured and is able to offer the candidates will have the relevant regulatory commodity brokers. Mandarin skills a plus. right candidate a career path. Mandarin skills DERIVATIVES LEGAL COUNSEL HONG KONG 6-10 YEARS LITIGATION HONG KONG 5-10 YEARS experience. HKL4307 HKL4313 preferred. HKL4316

Well-known international bank seeks a financial services lawyer with a Boutique litigation firm is seeking to hire a litigator with broad experience Corporate Finance Trademark Corporate PSL in general commercial litigation. Regulatory & financial litigation, insolvency derivatives background & ISDA experience. You will focus on Greater China 2-4 PQE Hong Kong 5+ PQE Hong Kong 5+ PQE Hong Kong coverage and so fluent spoken & written Mandarin is essential. Great work / & employment litigation experience will be considered. Excellent English & life balance & a collegiate working environment on offer. HKL6182 HK qualification is essential. HKL5460 This leading independent firm seeks a lawyer Fantastic opportunity for a common law Excellent opportunity for experienced lawyers to step to join their award-winning Corporate Finance qualified lawyer to join an established IP team in away from fee-earning and join a highly regarded M&A LEGAL COUNSEL HONG KONG 5+ YEARS ARBITRATION HONG KONG 5-8 YEARS practice to provide assistance on a variety of an international law firm. As a senior trademark global law firm with a leading corporate practice. capital raising, compliance and governance lawyer, you will have a strong background in You will work with a collegiate team and take on a MNC seeks a legal counsel with extensive M&A experience gained from International law firm is seeking an experienced associate with international issues. You will be admitted in a common law trademark enforcement, trademark portfolio full range of PSL duties including creating a solid both private practice & in-house. You will work closely with the business and arbitration experience from a reputable practice. Fluent Mandarin language jurisdiction with relevant experience in M&A or management, trademark clearance and precedent system, preparing notes on legal issues provide strategic advice to the BD team on a global and regional basis. No skills & strong English drafting skills required. Candidates from the HK IPO. Mandarin preferred. HKL4309 prosecution. HKL4336 and know-how documents, and more. HKL3730 Chinese language skills needed. HKL6216 Singapore market looking to relocate to HK are also welcome. HKL6223 Private Wealth Corporate M&A Litigation IBD COMPLIANCE HONG KONG 5-10 YEARS TRADEMARKS / IP HONG KONG 5+ YEARS 5+ PQE Hong Kong 7+ PQE Hong Kong Counsel/Partner Hong Kong Bulge bracket bank is looking to expand its compliance team. You will work This is an opportunity to join an international law firm with a top-tier IP This is a superb opportunity for a talented and Stellar opportunity for US qualified senior This is an excellent opportunity for a litigation on both IBD & investment management compliance. Outstanding private practice in Hong Kong. Experience in trademark enforcement, trademark experienced private client lawyer looking to take associates to join an international law firm counsel or partner with a portable book of practice lawyers who have experience in corporate finance/funds/regulatory portfolio management, trademark clearance and prosecution is preferred. their career to the next level. You will join this highly regarded for their corporate practice. business to join this UK firm and develop their will also be considered. Chinese language skills preferred. HKL6163 Chinese language skills an advantage. HKL6200 international law firm headed by a phenomenal Ideal candidates will have solid exposure to practice alongside this a very well regarded and partner and work closely to develop the practice, corporate M&A/PE matters. You will work with skilled partner. You will have proven marketing FUNDS LEGAL COUNSEL HONG KONG 5-8 YEARS DERIVATIVES / STRUCTURED PRODUCTS HK 2-4 YEARS advising on trust and/or corporate structures a leading partner in a very collegiate team. and business development skills and a desire to and compliance issues. HKL4355 Mandarin language skills a plus. HKL4314 succeed. HKL4356 Well-known PRC asset manager with an impressive AUM seeks a funds Top tier financial services team seeks a lawyer with ISDA/derivatives & lawyer with experience in a range of investment products / financial services structured products experience. Experience from top international firms regulatory work. Business level Mandarin skills are essential. Attractive with strong banking, capital markets and/or financial regulatory considered. Corporate M&A M&A/Private Equity Corporate remuneration & entrepreneurial working environment on offer. HKL6204 Mandarin skills essential. Good work/life balance on offer. HKL4559 1+ PQE China 2-6 PQE China/Hong Kong 3-4 PQE China International firm seeks experienced corporate New opportunity for mid to senior U.S. This is an outstanding opportunity for a mid- IN-HOUSE LITIGATOR HONG KONG 3-6 YEARS BANKING HONG KONG 0-3 YEARS lawyers to join their highly regarded corporate qualified associate keen to develop their level associate with solid experience gained practice to work on a mix of in-bound and out- career in Asia. You will be experienced in at an international law firm. You will join this Regulatory body seeks a litigator who is looking to gain high quality Leading offshore firm seeks a junior banking lawyer for a broad range of contentious and non-contentious financial services/regulatory exposure. banking matters - acquisition finance, project finance, leveraged finance bound matters for SOEs and MNCs. You will Private Equity/Merger & Acquisition work. top tier firm to focus on M&A/PE and China Competitive salary and good work/life balance on offer. Fluent written and etc. Training from an international firm with experience in general banking work for dynamic partners, keen to make a Experience from a premier US law firm outbound transactions. PRC associates or spoken Cantonese essential. HKL3767 matters preferred. Fluent English & Mandarin are essential. HKL6215 difference in a collegiate environment. Australia and Mandarin language skills preferred. lawyers admitted to the NY bar will also be qualified preferred. HKL4311 HKL4331 considered. HKL4360

This is a selection of our current vacancies; for more information in complete confidence, please call the Hong Kong office on +852 2503 2500 or email us at

This is a small selection of our current vacancies. Please refer to our website for a more comprehensive list of openings. [email protected] Please contact Lindsey Sanders, [email protected] +852 2537 7409 or Eleanor Cheung, [email protected] +852 2537 7416 or Karishma Khemaney, [email protected] +852 2537 0895 or email [email protected] www.atticus-legal.com www.lewissanders.com trust | honesty | integrity | partnership

Litigation Banking & Finance Construction Litigation 2-5 PQE Hong Kong 3-5 PQE Hong Kong 3-5 PQE Hong Kong Globally recognised law firm seeks a litigator Excellent opportunity for an associate to This premier practice seeks a construction to join this market leading firm recognised join a market leading practice. You will work lawyer with exposure to litigation and arbitration throughout the region for disputes. Ideal on general banking and leveraged finance matters. You will work alongside highly regarded candidates will have solid experience ideally matters for PE sponsors and corporate partners in a close-knit team, representing parties gained with a reputable firm. Common law borrowers and be exposed to lender side in complex adjudications. You will be HK qualified qualified; fluency in language skills preferred. mandates with international investment with experience gained with a leading practice. HKL4362 banks. HKL4338 Cantonese required. HKL4317

Funds Shipping Litigation Corporate Finance 1-5 PQE Hong Kong/Singapore 2+ PQE Hong Kong 5+ PQE Hong Kong Top tier law firm seeks a funds associate for This is a fantastic opportunity with a globally This is an excellent opportunity for an associate their market leading practice. You will advise recognised international law firm, seeking a looking to join a well-established and collegiate on a variety of funds matters including private junior shipping litigator to work for a highly team. You will focus on HK listing work with fund formation, establishment and registration regarded partner and act for household name exposure to some M&A transactions. The of retail and exchange traded funds. Ideal clients including global insurers, P&I Clubs and team is well structured and is able to offer the candidates will have the relevant regulatory commodity brokers. Mandarin skills a plus. right candidate a career path. Mandarin skills experience. HKL4307 HKL4313 preferred. HKL4316

Corporate Finance Trademark Corporate PSL 2-4 PQE Hong Kong 5+ PQE Hong Kong 5+ PQE Hong Kong This leading independent firm seeks a lawyer Fantastic opportunity for a common law Excellent opportunity for experienced lawyers to step to join their award-winning Corporate Finance qualified lawyer to join an established IP team in away from fee-earning and join a highly regarded practice to provide assistance on a variety of an international law firm. As a senior trademark global law firm with a leading corporate practice. capital raising, compliance and governance lawyer, you will have a strong background in You will work with a collegiate team and take on a issues. You will be admitted in a common law trademark enforcement, trademark portfolio full range of PSL duties including creating a solid jurisdiction with relevant experience in M&A or management, trademark clearance and precedent system, preparing notes on legal issues HK IPO. Mandarin preferred. HKL4309 prosecution. HKL4336 and know-how documents, and more. HKL3730

Private Wealth Corporate M&A Litigation 5+ PQE Hong Kong 7+ PQE Hong Kong Counsel/Partner Hong Kong This is a superb opportunity for a talented and Stellar opportunity for US qualified senior This is an excellent opportunity for a litigation experienced private client lawyer looking to take associates to join an international law firm counsel or partner with a portable book of their career to the next level. You will join this highly regarded for their corporate practice. business to join this UK firm and develop their international law firm headed by a phenomenal Ideal candidates will have solid exposure to practice alongside this a very well regarded and partner and work closely to develop the practice, corporate M&A/PE matters. You will work with skilled partner. You will have proven marketing advising on trust and/or corporate structures a leading partner in a very collegiate team. and business development skills and a desire to and compliance issues. HKL4355 Mandarin language skills a plus. HKL4314 succeed. HKL4356

Corporate M&A M&A/Private Equity Corporate 1+ PQE China 2-6 PQE China/Hong Kong 3-4 PQE China International firm seeks experienced corporate New opportunity for mid to senior U.S. This is an outstanding opportunity for a mid- lawyers to join their highly regarded corporate qualified associate keen to develop their level associate with solid experience gained practice to work on a mix of in-bound and out- career in Asia. You will be experienced in at an international law firm. You will join this bound matters for SOEs and MNCs. You will Private Equity/Merger & Acquisition work. top tier firm to focus on M&A/PE and China work for dynamic partners, keen to make a Experience from a premier US law firm outbound transactions. PRC associates or difference in a collegiate environment. Australia and Mandarin language skills preferred. lawyers admitted to the NY bar will also be qualified preferred. HKL4311 HKL4331 considered. HKL4360

This is a selection of our current vacancies; for more information in complete confidence, please call the Hong Kong office on +852 2503 2500 or email us at

[email protected] www.atticus-legal.com Looking for your next step? Embrace new opportunities with Oliver James Associates

We have been successfully guiding and From our offices in London, Manchester, shaping the careers of city professionals Zurich, Amsterdam, Hong Kong, New since 2002. Our global teams of specialist York and Singapore we cover the UK, consultants are experts in their vertical Ireland, Continental Europe, USA and markets with an unrivalled network Asia Pacific regions. across the legal sector. We partner with leading international law firms and global If you’re seeking your next career multinationals which enables our teams move, contact us today. to have access to the best and most exclusive market opportunities. Arron Leale - Managing Consultant +852 3708 5547 Our specialist consultants represent legal [email protected] professionals across the US, UK, EU and Asia Pacific regions from Legal Counsel Richard Whalley - Senior Consultant or Associate level through to General +852 3708 5539 Counsel or Partner level. [email protected]

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HK Lawyer - December.indd 2-3 15/11/2016 09:11 Looking for your next step? Embrace new opportunities with Oliver James Associates

We have been successfully guiding and From our offices in London, Manchester, shaping the careers of city professionals Zurich, Amsterdam, Hong Kong, New since 2002. Our global teams of specialist York and Singapore we cover the UK, consultants are experts in their vertical Ireland, Continental Europe, USA and markets with an unrivalled network Asia Pacific regions. across the legal sector. We partner with leading international law firms and global If you’re seeking your next career multinationals which enables our teams move, contact us today. to have access to the best and most exclusive market opportunities. Arron Leale - Managing Consultant +852 3708 5547 Our specialist consultants represent legal [email protected] professionals across the US, UK, EU and Asia Pacific regions from Legal Counsel Richard Whalley - Senior Consultant or Associate level through to General +852 3708 5539 Counsel or Partner level. [email protected]

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HK Lawyer - December.indd 2-3 15/11/2016 09:11