No. 1 [78]/2021

“CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY CENTRE FOR DEFENCE AND SECURITY STRATEGIC STUDIES No. 1 [78]/2021 Open access academic quarterly, nationally acknowledged by CNATDCU, indexed in CEEOL, EBSCO, ProQuest, WorldCat and ROAD international databases “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING HOUSE BUCHAREST, ROMANIA STRATEGIC IMPACT EDITORIAL COUNCIL Dorin-Corneliu PLEȘCAN, “Carol I” National Defence University, Romania ‒ Chairman Daniel DUMITRU, PhD, Professor, “Carol I” National Defence University, Romania Daniel GHIBA, PhD, Professor, “Carol I” National Defence University, Romania Valentin DRAGOMIRESCU, PhD, Professor, “Carol I” National Defence University, Romania Ion PURICEL, PhD, Professor, “Carol I” National Defence University, Romania Marius-Victor ROȘCA, PhD, Associate Professor, “Carol I” National Defence University, Romania Florian CÎRCIUMARU, PhD, Lecturer, “Carol I” National Defence University, Romania Florian RĂPAN, PhD, Professor, “Dimitrie Cantemir” Christian University, Romania Florin DIACONU, PhD, Associate Professor, University of Bucharest, Romania John F. TROXELL, Research Professor, Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College, USA Robert ANTIS, PhD, National Defence University, USA John L. CLARKE, PhD, Professor, “George C. Marshall” Centre, Germany Dirk DUBOIS, Head of the European Security and Defence College, Belgium Pavel NECAS, PhD, Professor Eng., University of Security Management, Slovakia Igor SOFRONESCU, PhD, Associate Professor, “Alexandru cel Bun” Military Academy, Republic of Moldova Péter TÁLAS, PhD, National University of Public Service, Hungary SCIENTIFIC BOARD Mirela ATANASIU, PhD, Senior Researcher Adi MUSTAȚĂ, PhD, Associate Professor Cristian BĂHNĂREANU, PhD, Senior Researcher Dan˗Lucian PETRESCU, PhD, Lecturer János BESENYŐ, PhD, Associate Professor Marius-Titi POTÎRNICHE, PhD, Researcher Cristina BOGZEANU, PhD, Senior Researcher Alexandra SARCINSCHI, PhD, Senior Researcher Cristian ICHIMESCU, PhD, Lecturer Gabriel STOENESCU Crăișor-Constantin IONIȚĂ, PhD, Researcher Mihai ZODIAN, PhD, Researcher EDITORS CONTACT ADDRESS Editor-in-Chief: Florian CÎRCIUMARU, PhD, Lecturer Șos. Panduri, nr. 68-72, Sector 5, 050662, Deputy-Editor-in-Chief: Daniela LICĂ, PhD, Researcher București, Romania Editor: Iolanda Andreea TUDOR Phone: +4021.319.56.49; Fax: +4021.319.57.80 Editorial Secretary: Iulia Alexandra COJOCARU Website: https://cssas.unap.ro/index_en.htm E-mail: [email protected] Disclaimer: Opinions expressed within published materials belong strictly to the authors and do not represent the position of CDSSS/ “Carol I” NDU. The accuracy of the English version of the articles falls entirely in the authors’ responsibility. Authors are fully responsible for their articles’ content, according to the provisions of Law no. 206/2004 regarding good conduct in scientific research, technological development and innovation. ISSN 1841-5784; ISSN-L 1841-5784; e-ISSN 1842-9904 2 STRATEGIC IMPACT No. 1/2021 STRATEGIC IMPACT CONTENTS EDITOR’S NOTE Florian CÎRCIUMARU, PhD ................................................................................. 5 NATO AND EU: POLICIES, STRATEGIES, ACTIONS NATO – Back to Roots Teodor FRUNZETI, PhD Violeta NICOLESCU ............................................................................................. 7 GEOPOLITICS AND GEOSTRATEGIES: TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES The Geostrategic Relevance of the Black Sea in the Current Security Context Bogdan ȚUȚUIANU ............................................................................................. 19 Belarus – the Breach Point from the Northeastern European Border Bogdan Cezar CHIOSEAUA, PhD ....................................................................... 33 SECURITY AND MILITARY STRATEGY The Latest Technological Developments within the Mosaic Warfare Crăișor-Constantin IONIȚĂ, PhD ....................................................................... 47 Considerations on the Russian Doctrine for a New Warfare Model in the Black Sea Region Valentin MAXIM Lucian Valeriu SCIPANOV, PhD ........................................................................ 63 DEFENCE AND SECURITY CONCEPTS Measuring Military Power – Approaches and Challenges Maria CONSTANTINESCU, PhD ..................................................................... 74 STRATEGIC IMPACT No. 1/2021 3 STRATEGIC IMPACT The Reserve of Power and the Perception On It Cornel BURETE .................................................................................................. 90 Economic Intelligence. In Search of a Conceptual Framework Irena CHIRU, PhD Gabriel-Traian UNGUREANU ......................................................................... 102 THE TERRORIST THREAT The Interference of the Far-Right Ideology Qanon with Christianity Iulian DINULESCU, PhD ................................................................................. 118 CDSSS AGENDA CDSSS Workshop on Adaptation of Defence Planning Documents to Security Challenges – March 19, 2021 ...................................... 135 GUIDE FOR AUTHORS .................................................................................. 137 4 STRATEGIC IMPACT No. 1/2021 EDITOR’S NOTE EDITOR’S NOTE The 78th edition of our journal, the first in 2021, comprises nine articles and the CDSSS Agenda. Thus, under the heading NATO and EU: Policies, Strategies, Actions, General (ret) Teodor Frunzeti, PhD, Professor and Mrs. Violeta Nicolescu demonstrate that the North Atlantic Alliance returns to its roots after 70 years, through an analysis of the similarities of the NATO approach to the security environment – the one that was established to manage the threat of the USSR in relation to Western democracies and the present day NATO. The rubric Geopolitics and Geostrategies: Trends and Perspectives includes two articles. The first, belonging to Captain (Navy) Bogdan Țuțuianu, addresses the geostrategic relevance of the Black Sea in the current security context, showing that it is the place of fierce competition in the attempt to expand the spheres of influence, perpetuation and deepening regional tensions and destabilizing actions, which have already generated open conflicts and confrontations. In the second article, Mr. Bogdan Cezar Chioseaua, PhD, leans on the ongoing tensions at the EU’s Eastern border, stressed by the fact that Belarus is a vulnerable point and this could be a breach for the Russian Armed Forces, to the heart of Europe. Under the Security and Military Strategy rubric, one can find an article written by Mr. Crăișor-Constantin Ioniță, PhD, Researcher, that highlights the latest increments in the field of research-development-innovation, in order to outline the capabilities of the future “mosaic” warfare, this being one of the topics on which our colleague has been focusing since last year. The second article, co-authored by Mr. Valentin Maxim and Mr. Lucian Valeriu Scipanov, PhD, Associate Professor argues that Russia has changed its modern approach to war, developing a new doctrine that has been tested step by step over the past 40 years, culminating in the annexation of Crimea. The fourth rubric, Concepts of Defence and Security, is opened by an article elaborated by Mrs. Maria Constantinescu, PhD, Associate Professor who conducts a research on the estimation of military power, using a combination of input-based indicators and result-based indicators, supported by a detailed analysis of other factors that concur to military power, such as strategic approach, combat space, the political systems of each country or the alliances to which it belongs. The second article, written by Mr. Cornel Burete, is complementary to the previous one, as it deals with the issues of power reserve and the general perception of it, emphasizing the methods, tools and techniques by which power paints our existential reality, in a world dominated by skilfully constructed perceptions and representations, through which collective opinions are easily induced, manipulated and directed. The rubric concludes with an article co-authored by Mrs. Irena Chiru, PhD, Professor and Mr. Gabriel Ungureanu, who seek to provide conceptual clarifications on the field of economic intelligence, by exploring and comparing different definitions in the literature, while trying to promote an operational definition for economic intelligence. STRATEGIC IMPACT No. 1/2021 5 EDITOR’S NOTE In the Terrorist Threat rubric, one can read an article where Iulian Dinulescu, PhD, aims to highlight the common element of Christianity with the QAnon movement, namely faith, which makes many Christians believe in conspiracy theories. The current edition also includes the CDSSS Agenda, where we present aspects of interest from the online Workshop, organised on March 19, 2021, with the theme “Adaptation on defence planning documents to security challenges”. We would like to bring to your attention that this year’s edition of the International Scientific Conference Strategies XXI on “The Complex and Dynamic Nature of the Security Environment” will be held on December 9th and 10th, 2021. For those who read for the first timeStrategic Impact, it is an open-access peer reviewed journal, edited by the Centre for Defence and Security Strategic Studies and published with the support of “Carol I” National Defence University Publishing House, and, according to the National Council for Titles, Diplomas and Certificates (CNATDCU), the publication is a prestigious scientific journal in the field of military sciences, information and public

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