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Straight River Groundwater Management Area Plan

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Straight River Groundwater Management Area Plan Straight River Groundwater Management Area Plan March 2017 Funding for this project was provided, in part, by the following: The Clean Water Fund, which receives 33 percent of the sales tax revenue from the Clean Water, Land and Legacy Amendment, approved by voters in November 2008. The Clean Water Fund’s purpose is to protect, enhance and restore water quality in lakes, rivers, streams and groundwater. At least 5 percent of the money is targeted for the protection of drinking water sources. The Legislature allocates funds for water quality work and drinking water protection based on recommendations from the Clean Water Council. Page | i Office of the Commissioner 500 Lafayette Road, St. Paul MN 55155-4037 651-259-5555 March 2017 Straight River Groundwater Management Area: Designation and Plan Minnesota is rich in water resources. With more than 10,000 lakes, thousands of miles of rivers and streams, and many thousands of acres of wetlands, it might be natural to think that our water is essentially unlimited. But in some parts of the state, the unseen, underground aquifers that make up our groundwater resources are under pressure to meet growing needs for domestic water supplies, irrigation, industrial and other uses. These groundwater resources also are interconnected with lakes, streams and wetlands that we value for commerce, recreation, and water supplies. Those surface waters also provide the habitat needed by many animals and plants. If we are not careful in how we use water, both economic development and ecosystems could be put at risk. These concerns led the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources to explore a different approach to groundwater management in three areas around the state where trends suggest groundwater use might be or become unsustainable. After working with an advisory team of 21 people representing agriculture, local government, and other agencies since February 2014, the DNR is establishing the Straight River Groundwater Management Area, which is hereby designated to include parts of southern Clearwater, northeast Becker, southwest Hubbard and northwest Wadena counties. We have created this five-year plan to guide our work in this area to ensure that groundwater supplies remain adequate to meet human needs while protecting lakes, streams and wetlands. I believe this plan is a very positive step for Minnesota. It draws upon a wealth of technical expertise across a variety of sectors. It has been informed and improved by extensive input and feedback from major water users, local government, concerned citizens and other interests. The plan is comprehensive, yet achievable. It lays out clear objectives and specific actions the DNR will take to ensure sustainable use of groundwater. It also acknowledges that DNR cannot be successful alone and describes the important roles of water users and other agencies. I want to thank the volunteers who served on the Project Advisory Team and the people who actively participated in meetings throughout the process. The many hours you dedicated are very much appreciated. This plan provides a good starting point, but working to maintain the Straight River water resources will require many more people, agencies and interests continuing to work together in the years to come. I’m confident that will happen, because Minnesotans have shown their commitment to natural resource conservation and stewardship. Tom Landwehr Commissioner Page | ii Table of Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................1-1 Problem .............................................................................................................................................. 1-2 Purpose .............................................................................................................................................. 1-2 Process ............................................................................................................................................... 1-3 Plan Structure .................................................................................................................................... 1-4 2. Description of the Boundary and the GWMA ............................................................................2-1 Watershed Boundaries ...................................................................................................................... 2-1 Hydrogeology, Soils and Topography ................................................................................................ 2-2 Water Use .......................................................................................................................................... 2-4 Groundwater appropriations and use ............................................................................................... 2-4 Municipal Water Supply ..................................................................................................................... 2-5 Water Dependent Natural Resources ................................................................................................ 2-6 Trout Streams..................................................................................................................................... 2-6 Streams, Lakes and Wetlands ............................................................................................................ 2-6 Rare Natural Features of the Straight River Watershed .................................................................... 2-8 Groundwater Associated Native Plant Communities of the Straight River Watershed .................... 2-9 Water Quality ................................................................................................................................... 2-13 Jurisdictions, Governance and Planning .......................................................................................... 2-13 3. The Goal and Objectives ..........................................................................................................3-1 Objective I. Groundwater use in the GWMA does not harm aquifers and ecosystems, and does not negatively impact surface waters. ......................................................................................................... 3-2 Aquifer Sustainability ......................................................................................................................... 3-2 Ecosystems and Surface Waters ........................................................................................................ 3-3 Objective II. Groundwater use in the GWMA is reasonable, efficient, and complies with water conservation requirements. ................................................................................................................... 3-5 Conservation Requirements for Municipal Systems .......................................................................... 3-5 Agricultural Irrigation ......................................................................................................................... 3-5 Other Appropriation Categories ........................................................................................................ 3-5 Objective III. Groundwater use in the GWMA does not degrade water quality. .................................. 3-6 Objective IV. Groundwater use in the GWMA does not create unresolved well interferences or water use conflicts. .......................................................................................................................................... 3-7 Objective V. All groundwater users in the GWMA must have the necessary permits to use groundwater. ......................................................................................................................................... 3-8 4. Status of the GWMA in Terms of the Objectives .......................................................................4-1 Status of Objective I. Aquifers, Ecosystems and Surface Waters ..................................................... 4-1 Page | iii Aquifers .............................................................................................................................................. 4-1 Climate Data and Trends .................................................................................................................... 4-2 Groundwater Recharge ...................................................................................................................... 4-4 Groundwater-Level Data .................................................................................................................... 4-4 Surface Waters ................................................................................................................................... 4-7 Status of Objective II. Water Conservation ........................................................................................ 4-9 Municipal Water Supply and Water Conservation ............................................................................ 4-9 Agricultural Irrigation and Water Conservation ................................................................................ 4-9 Status of Objective III. Water Quality ................................................................................................ 4-9 Nitrate ...............................................................................................................................................
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