DOCSLIB.ORG

LOCKING DOWN CRITICAL VOICES How Governments’ Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic Are Unduly Restricting Civic Space and Freedoms Across the EU

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
LOCKING DOWN CRITICAL VOICES How Governments’ Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic Are Unduly Restricting Civic Space and Freedoms Across the EU LOCKING DOWN CRITICAL VOICES How governments’ responses to the Covid-19 pandemic are unduly restricting civic space and freedoms across the EU Civil Liberties Union for Europe and Greenpeace European Unit September 2020 Locking Down Critical Voices Table of contents Executive summary 3 About this report 5 Introduction 6 What is civic space and why does it matter? 6 Restrictions on civic space date from well before the pandemic 7 Governments have used COVID-19 to further deepen restrictions on civic space 9 The right to peaceful protest 11 Social distancing rules turning into blanket bans on protests 11 Vague wording, arbitrary enforcement 14 Tracking protestors 15 Hefty sanctions 16 Physical protests decline, online protests are no substitute 17 Freedom of expression 19 Novel tools of censorship 19 Stifling criticism by locking out the media 21 Smears and harassment to silence watchdogs 22 Democratic oversight & freedom of information 23 The risk of unconstrained powers 23 Police and surveillance overreach 26 Dark times for freedom of information 26 Shrinking space for public participation 27 Capitalising on the pandemic to weaken environmental and rights standards 28 Reopening our civic space: the way forward 30 Governments should review, revise or reverse existing measures 30 The European Parliament needs to step up its role 31 The European Commission should play its part, too 32 Notes 34 2 Locking Down Critical Voices Executive summary To protect public health, governments have measures in place to enable people to protest adopted measures that radically change the while protecting public health, governments way we live. Temporary restrictions on cer- misused physical distancing rules to create tain freedoms may be necessary to save lives blanket or quasi-absolute bans on peaceful and protect at-risk groups. But many govern- demonstrations – as reported for example in ments have adopted problematic measures Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Romania in the name of protecting public health. In and Slovenia. Those who nevertheless claimed some cases, government measures simply go that right were subjected to invasive surveil- further than is necessary. In other cases, gov- lance (such as in Slovenia) and hefty sanctions ernments are deliberately taking advantage of (such as in Belgium, Germany, Greece, Italy, COVID-19 to undermine individual freedoms Slovakia or Spain). Several peaceful protests and democracy in ways that actually endan- were violently disrupted by police, as report- ger public health. In particular, they imposed ed for example in France and Sweden. In a unnecessary and disproportionate restrictions number of countries, tight restrictions on on the right to protest, free speech, access assemblies have remained in place even when to information and freedom of association social distancing measures began to be scaled that allow the public to participate in deci- back and malls, shops and restaurants opened sion-making. These rights are essential as they again. It is the case, for example, of Romania, provide citizens with the tools they need to where the ban on assembly is still in force. ensure that their governments act in their best interests when navigating the pandemic. In many states, expedited law making and changes to parliamentary procedures have Whilst not claiming to be exhaustive, this severely limited opportunities for citizens, report records some of the most striking de- activists and civil society organisations to have velopments in EU countries. It exposes how their say on governments’ actions. Examples governments’ responses to the pandemic have illustrate this trend in countries like Germany, led to unnecessary and disproportionate re- the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovenia strictions on civic space and freedoms, unduly and Spain. The emergency situation was also hampering activism and democratic participa- taken advantage of by certain governments, in tion. particular in Hungary, Poland and Slovenia, to further weaken environmental and rights While certain countries stand out, worrying standards. At the same time, restrictions on trends concern several states across the EU. the right to access public interest informa- Evidence compiled shows that more than half tion made it more difficult to scrutinise how of EU countries failed to safeguard people’s authorities have been using their reinforced right to peaceful assembly. Instead of putting executive powers – as reported for example in 3 Locking Down Critical Voices Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, needs tools of civic engagement to ensure their the Netherlands, Romania and Slovenia. representatives are doing their best to protect their health. This repression of democratic participation was exacerbated in some states by a veritable Citizens look to the EU to help their govern- crackdown on freedom of expression. In a ments bring citizens through the pandemic number of countries governments tried to use as safely as possible. Many EU leaders have the need to prevent the spread of misinforma- recognised that the EU needs to do more to tion as a pretext to censor free speech, with prevent populist authoritarians capitalising on Hungary and Romania as the most staggering public discontent to stoke Euroscepticism. But examples, which Bulgaria attempted to repli- it is equally important for the EU to safeguard cate. Authorities also reportedly refused to en- civic freedoms across its member states, and to gage with journalists, activists and civil society act strongly against those governments that organisations, sometimes even discrediting, exploit the crisis to silence critics and erode and harassing them when they questioned or democratic checks and balances. EU institu- criticised governments’ actions. Worrying ep- tions should use the options available to them isodes of smears and threats were reported in to restore and promote civic space and free- particular in Slovenia. doms — so that citizens can ensure that their governments answer to and work for them, In a number of countries, these pandemic-re- during the pandemic and beyond. lated restrictions are merely the latest in a series of measures governments have put in place over recent years, which already revealed a danger- ous roll back for civic freedoms and democrat- ic participation across the EU. Some national governments instrumentalised COVID-19 to accelerate their efforts to inhibit activism, limit the people’s ability to participate in their democracy and hamper the work of watchdogs such as civil society organisations. Unfortunately, early warnings by internation- al monitoring bodies from the UN and the Council of Europe and by watchdogs turned out to be justified also in the context of the EU. The fact that our governments failed to safeguard civic freedoms to the extent pos- sible is a cause of concern, and particularly worrying during a pandemic, when the public 4 Locking Down Critical Voices About this report This report is a joint publication of Greenpeace the research runs from the point when the European Unit and Civil Liberties Union for World Health Organisation (WHO) declared Europe a global pandemic in early March until late July 2020. Greenpeace European Unit is part of the inter- The report is primarily based on information national Greenpeace network, active in over 55 and evidence collected and analysed by NGOs countries worldwide. Through its work in Brussels that are part of Greenpeace’s and Liberties’ and around Europe, Greenpeace European Unit networks. Information on developments in campaigns for a European Union that works for Germany, the Netherlands, Romania, Slovenia people, nature and the planet. and Spain is based on targeted research carried out by Liberties’ members in those countries1 with the support of Greenpeace national offic- es. Examples taken from this national research Civil Liberties Union for Europe (Liberties) is are highlighted throughout the report. The re- a non-governmental organisation (NGO) head- port also draws on previous research, including quartered in Berlin promoting the civil liberties of the submissions of Greenpeace European Unit2 everyone in EU. Building on a network of national and Liberties3 to the European Commission’s civil liberties NGOs from across the EU, Liberties public consultation in view of its first upcom- carries out research, advocacy, campaigning and ing report on the rule of law in the EU.4 public education activities to explain what civil liberties are and press leaders at EU and national The report further draws from relevant reports level to fully respect, promote and protect them. by other NGOs and by international and regional organisations and bodies, as well as credible news sources and publicly available The report focuses on measures put in place by documents, which are referenced in the text. EU countries that affect the ability of citizens and civil society actors to engage and partici- pate in the democratic process, in particular on matters related to human rights and environ- mental protection. It illustrates and critically examines selected examples of restrictions to the fundamental freedoms of peaceful assem- bly, of expression, of information and of asso- ciation and limitations to democratic oversight in decision-making. The reference period for 5 Locking Down Critical Voices Introduction What is civic space and why does are crucial because they help people make it matter? effective use of their civic freedoms and ensure regular dialogue between citizens and their
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Table of Contents General Information Locking and Unlocking Seat And
    Div: Out put date: April 3, 2001 Table of contents General information Locking and unlocking Seat and seat belts Instruments and controls Starting and driving For pleasant driving Vehicle care For emergencies Maintenance Specifications Div: Out put date: Overview - Instruments and Controls EB21AOHc 1- Front fog lamp switch* → P.4-22 Rear fog lamp switch → P.4-22 2- Electric remote-controlled outside rear-view mirror switch* → P.5-51 LHD 3- Combination headlamps, dipper and turn signal switch → P.4-14 Headlamp washer switch* → P.4-19 4- Supplemental restraint system-air bag (for driver’s seat) → P.3-42 Horn switch → P.4-24 5- Ignition switch → P.5-11 6- Auto-speed (cruise) control lever* → P.5-53 7- Meter and gauges → P.4-2 8- Windscreen wiper and washer switch → P.4-17 Rear window wiper and washer switch → P.4-19 9- Headlamp levelling switch → P.4-16 10- Rheostat (meter illumination control) → P.4-23 11- Fuse box lid → P.8-28 12- Bonnet release lever → P.2-9 13- Fuel tank filler door release lever → P.5-4 B21A600T Div: Out put date: Instruments and Controls 14- Parking brake lever → P.5-42 15- Audio* → P.6-2, 6-17 16- Hazard warning flasher switch → P.4-20 LHD 17- Multi centre display* → P.4-27 18- RV meter* → P.4-40 19- Rear window demister switch → P.4-21 20- Front heater/Manual air conditioning* → P.6-36 Front automatic air conditioning* → P.6-43 21- Ventilators → P.6-35 22- Supplemental restraint system-air bag* (for front passenger’s seat) → P.3-42 23- Ashtray (for front seats) → P.6-60 24- Cigarette lighter → P.6-59 25- Heated seat
    [Show full text]
  • Synthesizing Dance and Conducting Pedagogy for Heightened Creativity
    Inspiring Sound: Synthesizing Dance and Conducting Pedagogy for Heightened Creativity on the Podium By Matthew Dean Schlomer A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts (Wind Conducting) at the UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON 2012 Date of final oral examination: 2/7/12 The dissertation is approved by the following members of the Final Oral Committee: Scott D. Teeple, Associate Professor, School of Music James Smith, Professor, School of Music Dr. Teryl Dobbs, Assistant Professor, School of Music/Department of Curriculum & Instruction Kate Corby, Assistant Professor, Department of Dance Mary A. Brennan, Professor Emerita, Department of Dance i To my wife, Katie, and children, Claudia, Roy, and Evelyn. You have not only made this endeavor possible, but a wonderful journey we have shared together. Thank you for your tremendous support. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank: my mentor, advisor, and colleague, Scott Teeple, for his profound artistry and unwavering encouragement to seek out new information and opportunities; Dr. Mary “Buff” Brennan for her insights, sense of adventure, and the most delightful conversations in Lathrop Hall; Professor Kate Corby and Mary Hayne for your creative and patient instruction in moving the body expressively; Dr. Teryl Dobbs for your high standards and warm encouragement; and Professor James Smith for your mentorship and generosity of time and insight. I would also like to acknowledge my family and friends that helped and encouraged me in so many ways during the writing process: Gabriel and Christine Reilly, David and Michelle Schlomer, Paul Schlomer and Erin Grunze, David and Sarah Melander, David (Billy) Hagedorn and Marjolein Eweg, my parents Duane and Barbara Schlomer, Harold and Kathleen Hagedorn, and my colleagues and friends, Erik Jester and Paul Bhasin.
    [Show full text]
  • Hip Hop Dance: Performance, Style, and Competition
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Oregon Scholars' Bank HIP HOP DANCE: PERFORMANCE, STYLE, AND COMPETITION by CHRISTOPHER COLE GORNEY A THESIS Presented to the Department ofDance and the Graduate School ofthe University ofOregon in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the degree of Master ofFine Arts June 2009 -------------_._.. _--------_...._- 11 "Hip Hop Dance: Performance, Style, and Competition," a thesis prepared by Christopher Cole Gorney in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the Master ofFine Arts degree in the Department ofDance. This thesis has been approved and accepted by: Jenife .ning Committee Date Committee in Charge: Jenifer Craig Ph.D., Chair Steven Chatfield Ph.D. Christian Cherry MM Accepted by: Dean ofthe Graduate School 111 An Abstract ofthe Thesis of Christopher Cole Gorney for the degree of Master ofFine Arts in the Department ofDance to be taken June 2009 Title: HIP HOP DANCE: PERFORMANCE, STYLE, AND COMPETITION Approved: ----- r_---- The purpose ofthis study was to identify and define the essential characteristics ofhip hop dance. Hip hop dance has taken many forms throughout its four decades ofexistence. This research shows that regardless ofthe form there are three prominent characteristics: performance, personal style, and competition. Although it is possible to isolate the study ofeach ofthese characteristics, they are inseparable when defining hip hop dance. There are several genre-specific performance formats in which hip hop dance is experienced. Personal style includes the individuality and creativity that is celebrated in the hip hop dancer. Competition is the inherent driving force that pushes hip hop dancers to extend the form's physical limitations.
    [Show full text]
  • Streetdance and Hip Hop - Let's Get It Right!
    STREETDANCE AND HIP HOP - LET'S GET IT RIGHT! Article by David Croft, Freelance Dance Artist OK - so I decided to write this article after many years studying various styles of Street dance and Hip Hop, also teaching these styles in Schools, Dance schools and in the community. Throughout my years of training and teaching, I have found a lack of understanding, knowledge and, in some cases, will, to really search out the skills, foundation and blueprint of these dances. The words "Street Dance" and "Hip Hop" are widely and loosely used without a real understanding of what they mean. Street Dance is an umbrella term for various styles including Bboying or breakin (breakin is an original Hip Hop dance along with Rockin and Party dance – the word break dance did not exist in the beginning, this was a term used by the media, originally it was Bboying. (Bboy, standing for Break boy, Beat boy or Bronx boy)…….for more click here Conquestcrew Popping/Boogaloo Style was created by Sam Soloman and Popping technique involves contracting your muscles to the music using your legs, arms, chest and neck. Boogaloo has a very funky groove constantly using head and shoulders. It also involves rolling the hips and knees. Locking was created by Don Campbell. This involves movements like wrist twirls, points, giving himself “5”, locks (which are sharp stops), knee drops and half splits. (Popping/Boogaloo and Locking are part of the West Coast Funk movement ). House Dance and Hip Hop. With Hip Hop coming out of the East Coast (New York) and West Coast Funk from the west (California) there was a great collaboration in cultures bringing the two coasts together.
    [Show full text]
  • Hip Hop Terms
    1 Topic Page Number General Hip Hop Definitions ………………………………………………. 3 Definitions Related to Specific Dance Styles: ♦ Breaking ………………………………………………………………………. 4 ♦ House ………………………………………………………..………………… 6 ♦ Popping / Locking …………………………………………….….……… 7 2 GENERAL • Battle A competition in which dancers, usually in an open circle surrounded by their competitors, dance their routines, whether improvised (freestyle) or planned. Participants vary in numbers, ranging from one on one to battles of opposing breaking crews, or teams. Winners are determined by outside judges, often with prize money. • • Cypher Open forum, mock exhibitions. Similar to battles, but less emphasis on competition. • Freestyle Improvised Old School routine. • Hip Hop A lifestyle that is comprised of 4 elements: Breaking, MCing, DJing, and Graffiti. Footwear and clothing are part of the hip hop style. Much of it is influenced by the original breaking crews in the 1980’s from the Bronx. Sneakers are usually flat soled and may range from Nike, Adidas, Puma, or Converse. Generally caps are worn for spins, often with padding to protect the head. To optimize the fast footwork and floor moves, the baggy pants favored by hip hop rappers are not seen. o Breaking Breakdancing. o MCing Rapping. MC uses rhyming verses, pre‐written or freestyled, to introduce and praise the DJ or excite the crowd. o DJing Art of the disk jockey. o Graffiti Name for images or lettering scratched, scrawled, painted usually on buildings, trains etc. • Hip Hop dance There are two main categories of hip hop dance: Old School and New School. • New School hip hop dance Newer forms of hip hop music or dance (house, krumping, voguing, street jazz) that emerged in the 1990s • Old School hip hop dance Original forms of hip hop music or dance (breaking, popping, and locking) that evolved in the 1970s and 80s.
    [Show full text]
  • University Microfilms, a XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan the SYNTHESES and COORDINATION PROPERTIES of SOME
    ELLER, P h i l l i p G ary, 1947- THE SYNTHESES AND COORDINATION PROPERTIES OF SOME 1 , 2 ,3 , 4-TETRAFLU0R0PHENYLPH0SPHINE LIGANDS AND THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF A TRIGONAL PLANAR COPPER COMPLEX AND A TETRAHEDRAL NICKEL NITROSYL COMPLEX. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1971 Chemistry, inorganic University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan THE SYNTHESES AND COORDINATION PROPERTIES OF SOME 1 ,2 ,3, fI--TETRAFLUOROPIIEN YLPHOSPHINE LIGANDS AND THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF A TRIGONAL PLANAR COPPER COMPLEX AND A TETRAHEDRAL NICKEL NITROSYL COMPLEX DISSERTATION Presented in F artial Fu3i*illment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Phillip Gary Eller, B.S. •it V e if- -it- The Ohio State University 1971 .Approved^ v V V J .by u j J j MstryU iV » A dviser Department of Chemistry PaJR.Gjy» ■ Aidviser Department of Chemistry PLEASE NOTE: Some pages have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms, A Xerox Education Company ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to express his deep appreciation to Dr. Devon W. Meek for his invaluable suggestions and encouragement throughout the synthetic and spectral investigations, and in particular for his willingness to permit a large degree of independence to the author in his studies. The author is indebted to his co-adviscr, Dr. P. W. R. Corfieid, for his infinite patience, encouragement, and invaluable suggestions throughout the crystal structural studies. The opportunity to do x’esoarch under two advisers has provided a rich and enjoyable study environment and the coadvisers mutual cooperation is deeply appreciated.
    [Show full text]
  • Hip Hop Dance Unit Vocabulary
    Hip Hop Dance Unit Vocabulary Battles: any level of competition where break dancers, in an open space (typically a circle) participate in quick-paced, turn based routines, whether improvised or planned. Participants vary in number and can often include "crews" or teams. Winners are determined by who exhibits the most proficient combination of moves Break Dance: (b-boying/b-girling) is a combination of funk, martial arts, gymnastics. Break dancing is done to the "break" section of the music where percussion is the strongest. Freeze: (aka Stall)-stationary power move which focuses on a pose. Most skillful freezes require suspension off the floor using specific parts of the body. Two most popular are "chair freeze" and "baby freeze Flare: common floor element when spinning on hands, legs flare up and open as spin continues. Kip up: spring like action which initiates on your back, hips roll back towards head, then body springs forward and hips lift to end standing up. Krumping: Created on streets, aggressive style of hip hop that looks like fighting, a lot of hand gestures/pushing chest out/stomping feet, and was created as a way to express yourself. Locking: sharp transition between each of multiple freezes/poses like clicks associated with door bolts. Has the effect like locking the joints (moves called skeeters/Scooby doos/stop n'go/fancies) Popping: movement with elements of mime made by flexing the muscles and joints to the beat of the music. Done with locking to create movement/stop effect. Robot: precise, isolated movements and turns that lock into place before the next movement begins.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hip Hop Lectures (Volume 1) By: Dr
    The Hip Hop Lectures (Volume 1) By: Dr. T.L. Osborne Table of Contents Introduction: Why Am I Writing This Book? Chapter 1: Page 1 African Music History: The Originators Chapter 2: Page 27 The Party is Over: A New Journey Without Beats & Freedom Chapter 3: Page 44 From Hopeless to Hopeful: The Power of Spirituals & The Impacts of Lynch, Tubman, and Turner Chapter 4: Page 82 Sold Out, But Not Necessarily a Sell-Out Chapter 5: Page 104 The Harlem Renaissance: Short-Lived With Long-Term Impacts Chapter 6: Page 216 Rock-N-Roll Ain’t Just White People’s Music Chapter 7: Page 228 The Civil Rights Movement: Fantasy versus Reality Chapter 8: Page 276 The Rise of Post-Civil Rights Movements: The Emergence of The Black Arts Movement & The Black Panther Party Chapter 9: Page 292 Soulless to Soulful: The Impact of Berry Gordy & Motown on Hip Hop Culture i Chapter 1 African Music History: The Originators Historically, Hip Hop culture is known to have started in New York; during the early 1970s. However, controversy surrounds which specific area in New York created the cultural phenomenon, called Hip Hop. The history concerning which part of New York created this influential and multi-billion dollar movement is documented in 1985. The battle rap included rappers from Queensbridge (MC Shan & The Juice Crew) versus rappers from the South Bronx (KRS-One & Boogie Down Productions). Even though, New York, is noted as the birthplace for Hip Hop culture, Hip Hop’s roots were developed before one city or state declared ownership of the cultures’ creation.
    [Show full text]
  • Injury Profile of Hip-Hop Dancers
    Injury Profile of Hip-Hop Dancers Olga Tjukov, MA, Tobias Engeroff, PhD, Lutz Vogt, PhD, Winfried Banzer, PhD, MD, and Daniel Niederer, PhD Abstract dancers only involved the lower extremi- Hip-hop is characterized by moves This study assessed the injury incidence, ties. In house, the lower extremities were such as bouncing the body, bending mechanisms, and associated potential risk affected most frequently, followed by the the knees, jumping, turning, twisting, factors for hip-hop, popping, locking, trunk. A total of 65.3% of the dancers isolated extremity movements, and an house, and breaking dance styles. Data experienced time loss, with a duration of extreme involvement of the torso. The were collected from June to November 12.7 ± 21.3 weeks. Breakers experience significantly more injuries than dancers of characteristics of popping are short 2015. The retrospective cohort study and fast muscle contractions, which included 146 dancers (female: N = 67; the other styles. Injury risk among dancers of all the styles studied can be considered are performed with different body age = 20 ± 4.2 years; males: N = 79; age parts to the rhythms of the music. The = 22.9 ± 5.8 years) who completed a low compared to soccer players, swim- mers, and long-distance runners. dancer looks robotic and can incorpo- questionnaire that collected data concern- 6 ing training hours, injuries, self-reported rate wave and illusion techniques. In the dance style locking, many basic injury causes, treatment, and recovery ompetitive dancing has been movements are executed with the time over the last 5 years. For the last 5 associated with a high risk arms and wrists, which are “locked” years, 52% (N = 76) of the dancers re- of injury.1 While injuries in ported 159 injuries and, in the year prior or paused to point.
    [Show full text]
  • HP-204B-Manual-Sn-416.Pdf
    HP Archive This vintage Hewlett Packard document was preserved and distributed by www.hparchive.com Please visit us on the web ! Thanks to on-line curator: Kenneth Kuhn for supplying and scanning this vintage document. OPERATING AND SERVICE MANUAL MODEL 2048 SERIALS PREFIXED: 416- OSCILLATOR 01369-4 Printed: JUHE 1964 Mode1204B Index SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION SECTION II INSTALLATION SECTION III OPERATION SECTION IV PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION SECTION V MAINTENANCE SECTION VI REPLACEABLE PARTS 01369-1 Iii Model 204B Table of Contents List of Illustrations List of Tables TAau 0' CONTENTS Section Page SecUon V (Cont'd) Page I GENERAL INFORMATION. '-1 5-5. Performance Checks. 5-1 1'-1. Introduction . .. '-1 5-7. Dial Accuracy Check 5-1 1-4. Power Supply . • -1 ~-8 . Frequency Response and 1-6. Mercury and Rechargeable Batteries 1-' Output Voltage Check. 5-2 1-8. Accessories Available 1-' 5-9. Distortion Check 5-2 1-10. Instrument Identification '-1 5-10. Repair . 5-3 5_12. Cover Removal . 5-3 U INSTALLATION 2-1 5-14. Servicing EtchedCircuit Boards. 5-3 2-1. Inspection . 2-1 5-16. Troubleshooting. 5-4 2-4. Rack/Bench Instructions 2-' 5-18. Adjustment and CaUbration 5-4 2-6. Combining Case. 2_' 5-19. AC Power Supply Checks. 5-4 2-8. Adapter Frame. 2-' 5-23. Battery Charger Current 2-10. Battery-Powered Oscillators 2-' Adjustment . 5·4 2-12. AC-Powered Oscillators 2-1 5-26, DC B:41. Adjustment 5-5 2-16. Repackaging lor Shipment. 2-2 5-28. Distortlon Check . 5-5 5-29.
    [Show full text]
  • The Circulation of Popular Dance on Youtube
    Social Texts, Social Audiences, Social Worlds: The Circulation of Popular Dance on YouTube Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Alexandra Harlig Graduate Program in Dance The Ohio State University 2019 Dissertation Committee Harmony Bench, Advisor Katherine Borland Karen Eliot Ryan Skinner Copyrighted by Alexandra Harlig 2019 2 Abstract Since its premiere, YouTube has rapidly emerged as the most important venue shaping popular dance practitioners and consumers, introducing paradigm shifts in the ways dances are learned, practiced, and shared. YouTube is a technological platform, an economic system, and a means of social affiliation and expression. In this dissertation, I contribute to ongoing debates on the social, political, and economic effects of technological change by focusing on the bodily and emotional labor performed and archived on the site in videos, comments sections, and advertisements. In particular I look at comments and fan video as social paratexts which shape dance reception and production through policing genre, citationality, and legitimacy; position studio dance class videos as an Internet screendance genre which entextualizes the pedagogical context through creative documentation; and analyze the use of dance in online advertisements to promote identity-based consumption. Taken together, these inquiries show that YouTube perpetuates and reshapes established modes and genres of production, distribution, and consumption. These phenomena require an analysis that accounts for their multivalence and the ways the texts circulating on YouTube subvert existing categories, binaries, and hierarchies. A cyclical exchange—between perpetuation and innovation, subculture and pop culture, amateur and professional, the subversive and the neoliberal—is what defines YouTube and the investigation I undertake in this dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • Hip Hop Dance
    Written & Edited by: Jade Jager Clark Owner & Artistic Director- Jade's Hip Hop Academy INTRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS I.aM.Me............................3 In order to fully appreciate the artistry and skill of I.aM.mE. this Study Guide takes a look back at the History, Origins and Pioneers of the very Dance Styles they perform (and the styles preceding them) in combination with Locking.............................4 their self titled signature "Brain Bangin". Popping............................4 The Dance Styles included in this study guide have long been regarded as styles with no structure, technique or Waacking.........................5 vocabulary. So while Ballet, Jazz, Modern, Tap and Contemporary dance are regarded as high forms of performance art, styles under the umbrella term "street dance" have and are still often looked down upon. This study guide Breaking..........................5 closely examines the dance styles of Locking, Popping, Waacking, Breaking, Hip Hop, House and Krump. Hip Hop...........................6 What makes this study guide unique and one-of-kind are the summaries provided below, which have been provided by the very pioneers who created and developed these styles and in some cases the second generation of House..............................6 trailblazing students on behalf of the creators. Included you will find a brief break down of the history, origins, Krump..............................7 techniques and vocabulary related to each style as told by them. Materials.........................7 Furthermore this Guide Includes suggested Activities that tie in curriculum based learning for students with resources and references for further study. Suggested Activities.......8/9 It is our hope through this study guide to educate and grow audience appreciation and respect for not only I.aM.
    [Show full text]