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Demystifying Dosing in Obese Patients

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Demystifying Dosing in Obese Patients Index Anthracyclines, 124–125, 127, 130 A Antiarrhythmics, 83–85, 94 Abciximab, 68, 70 Antibiotics, 16–26, 36–37, 184, 186–187, 199 Absorption, 5 Antibody reduction therapy, 163 Acetaminophen, 171–174, 179, 198 Antibody-mediated rejection, 164 hepatotoxicity, 173, 174 Anticoagulant, dosing, 69–70 pharmacokinetics, 172–173, 174 Anticoagulants, 45–46 Acetylcholine, 8 dosing, 69–70 Acetylsalicylic acid, 64, 69 pediatric, 143–144, 149 Acute leukemia, 116 Anticonvulsants, 9 Acyclovir, 30–31 Antidepressants, 192 Adjusted body weight, 3, 4 Antiepileptic agents, 97–107 creatinine clearance, 11 Antifungal agents, 16, 26–30, 37 Adjuvant analgesics, 176 Antihypertensive agents, 79–82 Age-based dosing, 141 Antimetabolite agents, 122–123, 130 Alcohol consumption, 198, 199 Antimicrobial agents Alemtuzumab, 131 dosing, 15–16 Alfentanil, 178, 179 dosing, sample calculations, 33–35 Alkylating agents, 117–119, 130 pediatric, 145–146, 149 Alprazolam, 88 summary table, 36–38 Alteplase (rt-PA), 63, 69 Antimicrotubule agents, 121–122, 130 Amikacin, 19 Antineoplastic agents, 117–127, 193 Aminoglycoside, 5, 19–20 dosing, 109–137 concentration-dependent, 15, 16 pediatric, 146–147, 149 dosing, 2–3, 33 Antiplatelet dosing, 64–70 pediatric patient and, 145, 146, 148, 149 Antiproliferative agents, 158–160, 165 weight to use for, 36 Antipsychotic agents, 9 Aminopenicillins, 17 Antituberculosis agents, 25–26, 37 Aminophylline, 90, 91 Antiviral agents, 16, 30–33, 38, 187–188, 200 Amiodarone, 83, 84, 85 Apixaban, 62, 69 Amitriptyline, 179 192 Area under the curve, 110 Amoxicillin, 17, 184, 187 Argatroban, 59, 69 Amphotericin, 16 Arsenic trioxide, 126, 131 Amphotericin B, 29–30 Aspirin, 64, 65, 69, 143 Ampicillin, 17, 198 Atenolol, 79 Ampicillin/sulbactam, 17 Atorvastatin, 10, 193–194, 195, 199 Analgesics, 171–181, 195–196, 199 Atracurium, 86 pediatric, 141–142, 149 Azathioprine, 160 Anidulafungin, 29 Azithromycin, 16, 186, 187, 199 203 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/26/21 01:10 PM UTC 204 Demystifying Drug Dosing in Obese Patients Azoles, 26–28, 37 Ceftaroline, 18 Daptomycin, 16, 20–21, 36 Aztreonam, 18 Ceftazidime, 18 Darunavir, 187, 200 Ceftriaxone, 18 Daunorubicin, 124, 130 B Cefuroxime, 18 Depolarizing agents, 85–86, 87 Bariatric surgery, 183–202 Celecoxib, 175, 179 Dexmedetomidine, 89, 90 medications and, 198 Centers for Disease Control and Diabetic foot infection case, 34–35 Basiliximab, 156, 162, 165 Prevention, 139–140 Diazepam, 5, 88, 192 Belatacept, 162, 165 Cephalosporins, 16, 17–18, 149 Didanosine, 188 Benefield, Emily C., 139–151 Chemotherapy dosing, 113–114, 117 Digoxin, 83–84, 194, 195, 198, 199 Benzodiazepines, 8, 87–88, 90 Chloral hydrate, 142 Dihydropyridines, 81–82 Beta-blockers, 9, 79–81, 94 Chronic leukemia, 116 Diltiazem, 81 Beta-lactams, 15, 16–18, 36, 146 Cidofovir, 32 Distribution, 5–6 Bivalirudin, 59, 69 Cilostazol, 67, 70 Docetaxel, 121, 130 anticoagulation in PCI, 59 Ciprofloxacin, 21 Dofetilide, 84 HIT treatment, 59 Cisatracurium, 85, 86 Doripenem, 18 Bleomycin, 126, 131 Cisplatin, 121, 127, 130 Dose capping, 163 Body mass index (BMI), 2, 3 Citalopram, 192 Doxorubicin, 124, 130, 146–147, pediatric, 139–140 CKD-EPI equation, 7, 8 149 Body size descriptors, 3 Clarithromycin, 22 Doxycycline, 23 Body surface area (BSA), 2, 141 Clearance, 6–8 Drug dosing, weight based, 2 alternatives, 112–113 Clevidipine, 81–82 Duloxetine, 190, 192, 199 determination, 110–112 Clindamycin, 16, 24, 25 Breast cancer, 113–114, 117 Clobazam, 105 E Brentuximab vedotin, 126, 127, 131 Clofarabine, 130 Echinocandins, 16, 28–29, 37 Bronchodilators, 90 Clonazepam, 192 Edoxaban, 62, 69 Bupropion, 192 Clopidogrel, 65, 66, 67, 70 Efavirenz, 188 Buspirone, 192 Clozapine, 192 Elder, Stacy, 45–74 Busulfan, 112, 117–118, 130, 147, Cockcroft-Gault equation, 7, 8, Emtricitabine, 187, 188, 200 148, 149 34–35, 120, 127 Endocrine agents, 193–195, 199 Colistin, 23–24 End-organ function, 110 C Colorectal cancer, 114, 117 Enoxaparin, 5, 49–50, 51, 52, 57, 69 Concentration-dependent activity, Calcineurin inhibitors, 156–158, Matisse dosing trials, 57 15, 16 161, 165 pediatric, 143, 144, 149 Cook, Aaron M., 15–43 Calcium channel blockers, 81–82, 94 VTE therapeutic studies, 53–55, Corticosteroids, 91–92, 95, 162 Calcium products, 196, 198 56 Costimulatory blockade, 162 Capping doses, 113 Epirubicin, 124, 130 Creatinine clearance, 6–7 Carbamazepine, 97, 99, 102–103, Eptifibatide, 67, 68, 70 106 estimation, 10–11 Ertapenem, 18 dosing weight, 102–103 equations, 8 Erythromycin, 22, 186, 187, 199 Carbapenems, 16, 18, 36 Critical care, 77–96 Eslicarbazepine acetate, 105 Carboplatin, 119–121, 127, 130 Critically ill drugs, 93–94 Esmolol, 80 sample calculation, 128–129 Cyclophosphamide, 118, 130 Ethambutol, 25, 198 Cardiovascular agents, 193–195, 199 Cyclosporine, 5, 156–157, 158, 198 Ethosuximide, 105, 198 Cardiovascular/resuscitation, 143, Cyclosporine-corticosteroid studies, Etoposide, 123, 130, 147 149 161 Everolimus, 161, 162, 165 Carfilzomib, 125, 127, 130 Cytarabine, 122, 130, 147 Excretion, 6–7 Carmustine, 118, 130 Cytomegalovirus, 31–32, 38 Extravasation, 78 Caspofungin, 28 Ezogabine, 105 Cefazolin, 17, 146 D Cefdinir, 18 Dabigatran, 61, 62, 69 Cefepime, 33 Dalbavancin, 20 F Felbamate, 105 Cefotaxime, 18 Dalteparin, 69 Fentanyl, 177–178, 179 Cefoxitin, 17 VTE therapeutic dosing, 53 pediatric, 141–142 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/26/21 01:10 PM UTC Index 205 Fibrinolytics, 62–64, 69 Ideal body weight (IBW), 2, 3, 4 L-norgestrel, 198 Filgrastim, 131 creatinine clearance, 10 Loading doses, 5 Fixed-dose chemotherapy, 113 pediatric, 140 Lorazepam, 88, 192 Flannery, Alexander H., 15–43 Ifosfamide, 118–119, 130 Lorcaserin, 9 Fluconazole, 26, 27, 28 Imatinib, 125, 130, 193, 200 Low molecular weight heparin, 46, Flucytosine, 30 Imipenem, 18 47, 49, 69 Fludarabine, 122, 130 Immunomodulators, 188–190, 199 ACS therapeutic dosing, 56–57 Fluoroquinolones, 16, 21, 36 Immunosuppressants, 188–190, 199 bariatric surgery, 50–51, 52 Fluorouracil, 122, 130 Immunosuppression, 153–170 dosing studies, 49–51, 53 Fluoxetine, 192 medication dosing, 165 medical patients, 49, 51 Fondaparinux, 57–59, 69 Induction agents, 165 nonbariatric surgery/trauma patients, 49–50, 51 Matisse dosing trials, 57 Influenza, 32–33, 38 therapeutic dosing, 52–56 VTE prophylaxis, 57–58 Inotropes, 78–79 VTE prophylaxis dosing, 47, 49 Foscarnet, 31, 32 Insulin glargine, 9, 10 VTE therapeutic dosing, 52 Fosfomycin, 25 Insulin resistance, 8–9 Lung cancer, 115, 117 Fosphenytoin, 98, 100 Intensive care unit Lymphoma, 116–117 Free-fat mass, 3, 4 complications risk, 78 Furosemide, 194, 195, 199 informatics challenges, 78 pharmacokinetic considerations, M 77–78 Macrolides, 22–23, 36 G Mammalian target of rapamycin Gabapentin, 105 Intravenous direct thrombin inhibitors, 59–60 inhibitors, 161–162 Ganciclovir, 31–32 Intravenous immunoglobulin, Mardis, B. Andrew, 153–170 Gastrointestinal therapy, 196, 199 162–164, 165 Mardis, Caitlin R., 153–170 Gemcitabine, 123, 130 weight-based dosing, 163 Martin, Craig A., 15–43 Genetic animal model, 6 Irinotecan, 123, 130 Matisse medication dosing trials, 57 Gengraf, 157 Iron products, 196–197, 198 Matzke nomogram for vancomycin, Gentamicin, 7, 19, 36, 145 Isoniazid, 198 35 Glomerular filtration rate, 6–7 Itraconazole, 27 Mechlorethamine, 119, 130 Glucocorticoids, 9 Ixabepilone, 121, 130 Medication dosing, 4–5 Glycopeptides, 20, 36 Melphalan, 112, 119, 130 GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors, 67–68, 70 K Meperidine, 142 Granulocyte-colony stimulating Ketorolac, 174–175, 179 Mercaptopurine, 146, 149 factors, 126–127 Meropenem, 18 Gynecological cancer, 114, 117 L Metabolic syndrome, 9 Labetalol, 79 Metabolism, 6 H Lacosamide, 97, 104, 106 Metformin, 194–195, 199 Haloperidol, 191, 192, 200 dosing weight, 104 Methotrexate, 123, 127, 130, 189, Healthy living, 9 190, 199 Lamivudine, 187, 188, 200 Hematologic cancers, 115–117 pediatric, 147 Lamotrigine, 105, 191, 192 Heparin, 69 Methylphenidate, 192 Lean body weight (LBW), 2, 3, 4 Herpes simplex virus, 31, 38 Methylprednisolone, 91 creatinine clearance, 10 Histamine-2 receptor antagonists, Methylxanthine derivatives, 90–91, 92, 95 Length-based tape, 143 95 Hydralazine, 82 Levetiracetam, 97, 103, 104, 106 Metoprolol, 80 Hydrochlorothiazide, 198 dosing weight, 103–104 Metronidazole, 16 Hydroxychloroquine, 188, 190, 199 Levofloxacin, 21 Metropolitan Life Insurance Com- Hydroxyzine, 142 renal dose adjustment, 10 pany of New York Data, 2 Levothyroxine, 194, 195, 198, 199 Micafungin, 28 I Lidocaine, 84, 85 Midazolam, 5, 87–88, 191, 199 Minocycline, 23 Ibuprofen, 174, 175, 179 Lifestyle changes, 9 Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Ibutilide, 84 Linezolid, 16, 22, 186, 199 (MDRD4), 7 Idarubicin, 125, 130 Liraglutide, 9 Lithium, 191, 192, 200 Monobactams, 16, 18, 36 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/26/21 01:10 PM UTC 206 Demystifying Drug Dosing in Obese Patients Monoclonal antibodies, 125–126, Oral contraceptives, 9 Piperacillin/tazobactam, 34 127, 131, 155–156 Oritavancin, 20 Platinum analogues, 119–121, 130 Morphine, 142, 177, 178, 179, Orlistat, 9 Plerixafor, 127, 131 195–196, 199 Oseltamivir, 32–33 Polyclonal antibodies, 155–156 Moxifloxacin, 21, 186, 199 Osteomyelitis, 34 Polyenes, 29–30, 37 Multivitamins, 197 Ouellette, Jacquelyn F., 139–151 Polymyxins, 23–24, 37 Mycophenolate mofetil, 158–160, 162 Overdose, pediatric, 142 Posaconazole, 27, 28 Mycophenolate sodium, 158–160 Overweight, pediatrics, 139 Prasugrel, 65–66, 70 Mycophenolic acid, 165, 189, 190, Oxazolidinones, 22–23, 36 Predicted normal weight, 3, 4 199 Oxcarbazepine, 105, 192 Prednisolone, 91 Prednisone,
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