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Home , Chitonida, Clausilium, Helicodontidae, Orthurethra, Oxychilus draparnaudi, Riccardoella limacum

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VWR International is a leader in the global research laboratory industry with worldwide sales in excess of $3 billion US dollars.

VWR's business is highly diversified across products and services, geographic regions and customer segments. The company offers products from a wide range of manufacturers, to a large number of customers primarily in North America, Europe and other locations. VWR's principal customers are major pharmaceutical, biotechnology, chemical, technology, clinical, food processing and consumer product companies, universities and research institutes, governmental agencies, environmental testing organizations, and primary and secondary schools.

VWR distributes a diversified product mix, including chemicals, glassware and plasticware, equipment and instruments, furniture, protective apparel, production and safety products, and other life science and laboratory products and supplies.

VWR supports its customers by providing storeroom management, product procurement, supply chain systems integration, technical services and laboratory bench top delivery.

VWR maintains operations in over 20 countries and employs over 6,000 people worldwide. VWR International is headquartered in West Chester, Pennsylvania

Applied Biosystems has demonstrated its position as a technology leader and driving force in the changing dynamics of the life science marketplace. The Applied Biosystems business is focused on the following markets: basic research, commercial research (pharmaceutical and biotechnology) and standardized testing, including forensic human identification, paternity testing and food testing. The company has an installed base of approximately 180,000 instrument systems in nearly 100 countries. Basic research includes work at university, government and other non-profit institutions that focus on uncovering the basic laws of nature and understanding human disease. Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies use Applied Biosystems' products to discover and develop new drugs more effectively. Standardized testing customers require systems that produce precise results from a high volume of automated tests. Further information on how Applied Biosystems serves these customers can be found in our press kit. Applied Biosystems (symbol ABI) is one of the two tracking stocks of Applera Corporation. Celera Genomics (symbol CRA) is the other, and both are traded on the New York Stock Exchange.

BIOTRAC s.p.r.l.

DrosophilaPlanariaPlatynereisTripedalia

Vitularia salebrosa

Dicathais orbita Dicathais orbita

Tritonoharpa Olivella plata

IsomeriaLabyrinthus

Achatina fulica Oncomelania hupensis Arion Arion lusitanicusArion rufus

Buccinanops

Achatinella

Cyclophorus Pomacea lineata Pomacea figulina Baicalia carinata Maakia herderiana Ferrissia

Vibrio

Amphidromus

Conus Pyrgulopsis

Pyrenaearia Everettia Meghimatium Achatina fulica secale

´

Retinella Lyrodiscus Arctica islandica Arctica islandica

Dosidicus gigas

Littorina littorea Helix aspersa Archachatina marginata in vivoPotamopyrgus antipodarumin vitro Potamopyrgus antipodarum

Arion ater Anodonta cygnea Protothaca thaca Mytilus edulis

flexuosa Melanoides Drouetia

„

Zonites

Fasciolaria tulipa Chelidonura sandrana Aplysia

Smaragdia viridis Mercenaria mercenaria Mytilus galloprovincialis Crassostrea gigas Isognomon alatus Monetaria annulus Tridacna maxima

Helix aspersa ıııı Graecoanatolica ıııı ı ıııı Melanopsis

Nuculanucleus

PseudunelaStrubellia Pontohedyle milaschewitchii geyeri

Vermetus rugulosus Cucullaea

Rissoa panhormensis Phyllodesmium

Helix aspersa Succinea putris Deroceras panormitanum Ariolimax Limax Thapsia

Loligo bleekeri Abdopus aculeatus

Quadrula fragosa Margaritifera margaritifera Margaritifera margaritifera

Pisidium Sphaerium corneumSphaerium nucleus

Mytella charruana Coralliophila meyendorffii Protothaca thaca Omalogyra atomus Bythinella

Corbicula fluminea Eubranchus vittatus Fissurella Arion „ ııııı Crepidula aculeata

Anguispira Pomacea paludosa Arion Tylomelania Doto koenneckeri Succinea putris Sinanodonta woodiana

Arion alpinus Iberus ferruginea Marmorana Omphalotropis Dendropoma maxima muscorum

Giustia Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) trunculus Zostera marina Drymaeus

ıııı ı ıııı Arianta arbustorum Cerion Lanistes ovum Trochulus Dosidicus gigas

Cepaea nemoralis Helix Limax Lymnaea stagnalis Pterocyclus Rhiostoma NicaniellaPressastarte

Troschelia

Bathyxylophila excelsaVentsia tricarinata Xeropicta derbentina : Xeropicta derbentina

Tarebia granifera Mytilus edulis Bulla striata pruninus Satondella Donax vittatus Haminoea

Mytilus galloprovincialis Tudorella Bulgarica cana – Monacha cartusiana Panopea generosa Asperspina murmanica

Mesodesma mactroides Patella Hiatella Archachatina marginata Dendropoma Ariolimax Sphaerium rhomboideumS. occidentale Dreissena polymorpha Unio tumidus Helix pomatia Rumina decollata Biomphalaria glabrata

Mytilus edulis Kruppomenia Unio tumidiformis

Jujubinus striatusZostera marina Ovatella myosotis

Policordia Eulepetopsis vitrea Bellamya Theodoxus Mactra isabelleana Tylomelania

Anodonta anatina Unio pictorum Hyalogyrina depressa Xenoskenea pellucida Macoma balthica Vestia gulo Biomphalaria glabrata Paludinellassiminea Tylomelania Margaritifera marocanaMargaritifera

Unio crassus Biomphalaria Schistosoma mansoni Littorina littorea Nassarius reticulatus Chilina Pupilla pratensis Tylomelania sarasinorum

Corbicula fluminea Pontohedyle milaschewitchii Isognomon Oncomelania hupensis ıııı ıııı Nassarius vibex

Ponentina subvirescens Limax flavusObscurella septemspirale Pomatias sulcataObscurella septemspirale

Mytella charruana Mytella charruana Unio crassus Anodonta cygnea Pseudanodonta complanata U.pictorum A.anatina. A.cygnea

U.crassus P.complanata c

A. coloradensisA. lacustris A. lacustrisA. coloradensis  A. coloradensisA likharevi Antimargarita dulcisA. smithiana Margarella antarcticaM. refulgensTropidomarga biangulata Antimargarita dulcisA. smithianaMargarella refulgens Falsimargarita Antimargarita dulcis FalsimargaritaAntimargarita

Falsimargarita Corbicula Anodonta woodiana Dreissena polymorpha Limnoperna fortuneiMytilopsis

Hancockia Doto Dendronotus ScyllaeaTethys Embletonia gracilisPseudovermis Marionia Fiona pinnataCalma glaucoides

Napaeus barquini Napaeus barquini

Dreissena Corbicula Hubertschenckia ezoensisHubertschenckia ArchivesicaCalyptogenaCalyptogenachinookensis AdulomyaC’chinookensis Hubertschenckia ezoensisAdulomya chinookensisArchivesicatschudi,

ArchivesicaArchivesica Pliocardia Isorropodon Adulomya Coralliophila meyendorffii Coralliophila meyendorffii Coralliophila meyendorffii

AlloteuthisAlloteuthis AmediaAsubulataAafricana AmediaAsubulata Amedia AlloteuthisAlloteuthis withinamong Alloteuthis

Mytilus trossulus Clinocardium nuttallii Nucella heyseana Tridacna maxima Tridacna maxima T. maxima T. maxima T. maximaPorites luteaPorites solida T. maxima T. maxima Acanthurus triostegus P. luteaP. solida T. maxima T. maxima T. maxima . T. maxima

Anodonta, Margaritifera, Microcondylaea, Potomida, PseudanodontaUnio c terrae typicae AnodontaPseudanodonta Microcondylaea. UnioAnodontaA. cygnea A. anatina Potomida M. margaritifera M. auricularia

Taylorconcha serpenticolaLanx LanxT. serpenticola,

Potamopyrgus antipodarum Lanx T. serpenticola P. antipodarum Lanx T. serpenticola Lymnaeastagnalis Protothaca thaca

Protothaca thaca P. thaca P. thaca `````` P. thaca Buccinanops

Buccinanops Buccinanops cochlidium no eyes, Buccinanops cochlidium,

Hiatella arcticaModiolus modiolus Modiolus modiolusHiatella arctica Hiatella artcica Modiolus modiolus

Conus Conus C. imperialis, C. ebraeus, C. miles, C. textile, C. magus,C. striatusLophiotoma acutaL. abreviata Conus C. ebraeus Conus Arion Arion Arion cytochrome oxidase Anodonta cygnea

 in vitroin vivo

Anodonta, Unio, Dreissena, Viviparus, Melanopsis, Theodoxus Omalogyra atomus Omalogyra atomus O. atomus O. atomus

Bythinella Bythinella Bythinella vs B. compressaB. dunkeriB. badensisB. bavarica B. austriaca

Corbicula fluminea IsomeriaLabyrinthus IsomeriaLabyrinthus Labyrinthus Isomeria Isomeria Labyrinthus

Isomeria Eubranchus vittatus Eubranchus Eubranchus vittatus, Eubranchus cingulatus Eubranchus doriae Kirchenpaueria pinnata Eubranchus vittatus E. vittatus E. cingulatus, E. farraniE. doriaeE. farraniE. cingulatusE. vittatus E. cingulatus

Unio tumidiformis Acroloxus lacustris Arion (Mesarion) hispanicus excentrica Corbicula fluminea Sphaerium corneumIberus marmoratus guiraoanus

Fissurella Fissurella Fissurella F. crassa F. maximaF. cumingi F. pulchra, F. picta F. nigra Arion Arion Arion CarinarionKobeltiaArionMesarionCarinarion Microarion KobeltiaArionMesarion

A. franciscoloi Cucullaea

Cucullaea Cucullaea Cucullaea’s

Symbiodinium Symbiodinium in vivo

Φ Anodonta propatoris A. parallela A. johnseni A. argillensis A. macconnelli

Margaritina nebrascensis Anodonta” Anodonta in situOctopoteuthis deletron , O. deletron O. deletron

´

Sassia Nassaria

EEZ Sassia NassariaEEZ ııııı rupestris, doliolum, Jaminia loewii loewii, lycaonica, Zonites megistus, Vitrea ernesti, cyprius, Gallandia annularis, Deroceras berytensis, Sprattia beycola medoroides, Metafruticicola oerstani, Xeropicta derbentina, Cernuella virgata, Helix dickhauti.

Specify Zeiss EVO40XVP Automontage Cantareus aspersus

Achatina fulica Achatina fulica Pleurodonte isabellaBulimulus guadalupensis provisoria

Trophon plicatus Thais Morula Crepidula aculeata

Anguispira Anguispira AnguispiraAnguispira Anguispira A. kochi A. nimapuna, AnguispiraA. picta Anguispira A. kochiA. nimapunaAnguispira Anguispira Anguispira AnguispiraDiscus Helicodiscus . A. nimapuna AngiuspiraA. alternata

Tatea T. kesteveni T. huonensis T. huonensis T. rufilabris Phallomedusa SalinatorXenostrobus securis Tatea X. pulex Brachidontes rostratusSiphonariaAustrocochlea Bembicium . Pomacea paludosa

Pomacea paludosa Pomacea Pomacea paludosa P. paludosaP.paludosa

Spisula solidissima Oxynoe olivacea Crepidula unguiformis

Arion ArionA. lusitanicus A. subfuscusA. rufusA. vulgarisA. distinctusA. circumscriptus Geomalacus anguiformisG. maculosusLetourneuxia Arion Arion lusitanicusA. lusitanicus A. vulgaris GeomalacusLetourneuxia Arion Pirenella conica Lymnaea Galba truncatula Osilinus turbinatus Eobania vermicolata

CranopsisPuncturella ProfundiseptaDiodoraCornisepta

Cranopsis asturianaCranopsis larva CranopsisCranopsisPuncturella Profundisepta profundiProfundisepta alicei ProfundiseptaDiodora edwardsiCornisepta crossei Cornisepta microphymaCornisepta Succinea caduca Rissoa panhormensis ApiculariaGoniostomaRissoa Rissoa panhormensis

R. guerinii R. panhormensisR. guerinii R. panhormensis R. guerinii Conus

Conus Conus Conus Conus ConusConus Conus

Helix pomatiaCornu aspersumArianta arbustorum Helix pomatia Helix pomatia Helix pomatia Helix pomatia Helix pomatia Helix pomatia Helix pomatiaBiomphalaria glabrata

Tylomelania Tylomelania Tylomelania Tylomelania T. perfecta T. perfecta Echinolittorina trochoides E. radiata

Drouetia

Valdehierro Valdemadera Valdehierro Margaritifera idubedae Valdemadera Margaritifera idubedae Margaritifera idubedae Unio Margaritifera αα α

Thapsia Thapsia Doto koenneckeri Doto koenneckeri Aglaophenia pluma dichotoma Doto koenneckeri Doto

pinnatifida Aglaophenia pluma dichotomaNemertesia antennina Doto koenneckeri Succinea putris Succinea putris Succinea putris

Sinanodonta woodiana Sinanodonta woodiana Hypophthalmichthys molitrixAristichthys nobilis S. woodiana Margaritifera margaritifera Margaritifera margaritifera .

M. margaritifera Arctica islandica Arctica islandica Arctica

Melanopsis Melanoides Thiara et al.Melanopsis (M. buccinoideaM.costata) . costata Melanopsis M.buccinoidea, M.costata costata, M. costata jordanicaM.saulcyi M.buccinoid M.costata costatacostata jordanic M.saulcyi M.buccinoidea, M. costata, M.obediensis, M.multiformis, M.corrugata and M.turriformis Melanopsis Crassostrea gigas Crassostrea gigas a

Arion alpinus Arion Kobeltiaalpinus A. MesarionfuscusA. KobeltiadistinctusA. alpinus A. alpinusA. distinctus A. alpinus

Lottia Lottia Lottia LottiapaleaceaLdepicta LottiaLrosacea Lrosacea Lottia triangularisL ochraceaLottia “ochracea” L. instabilis L. digitalisL. peltaL. strigatella AcmaeamitraA. funiculata Lepeta caecaTecturaT. virginea Tecturatestudinalis Lottia Schizochtion Schizochiton Schizochiton

Pyrenaearia Pyrenaearia Pyrenaearia Iberus Iberus I. angustatusI. cobosiI. guiraoanusI. loxanusI. marmoratusI. ortizi

I. rositaiI. alonensisI. campesinusI. carthaginiensisI gualtieranus Iberus Helix pomatia HelixH. Helix lucorum H.lucorum H.lucorum H.pomatia

Doreceras reticulatum). Arion Arion ater rufus Arion lusitanicus A. lusitanicus Arion Arion ater ater

A. ater rufus A. lusitanicus A. ater ater. Arion A. ater rufusA. ater ater A. lusitanicusA. ater ater A. ater rufus.A. lusitanicus A. ater ater A. ater rufusA. lusitanicus A. ater rufusA. lusitanicus Patella ferruginea

Patella ferruginea ´ Archachatina marginata Archachatina marginata

Limax Limax Limax Limax corsicus Maakia herderiana

Mytilus galloprovincialis Chaetoceros calcitransPavlova lutheri P. lutheri C. calcitrans C. calcitrans P. lutheri

Zemacies excelsa pyriform glandZ. excelsa Horaiclavus pyriform glandZemacies excelsaHoraiclavus Z. excelsa pyriform gland Marmorana Marmorana

Marmorana Achatina fulica: Achatina (=Lissachatina) fulica A. fulica A. fulicaLissachatina fulica Achatina A. fulica

vice versa (Niveotectura, Patelloida, Lottia Nipponacmea (Scutellastra), (Cellana) (Limalepeta) (Pectinodonta).

Omphalotropis

Dendropoma maxima Dendropoma maxima D. maxima Fasciolaria tulipa Fasciolaria tulipa

PronemeniaDorymenia Proneomenia P. gerlachei Dorymenia D. hoffmaniD. usarpiD. hesperidesi D. menchuescribanae Helix aspersa Helix aspersa

Nesodiscus TurritellaNerinea Nerita

Striata-Pupilla Pupilla-Striata Pupilla frumentum dubia) Pupilla muscorum Pupilla triplicata Pupilla muscorumP. triplicata P. muscorum P. triplicata P. muscorum P. triplicata P. triplicata P. muscorum P. triplicata P. muscorum P. triplicataPupilla spp

P. muscorumPupilla Anatoma janetae

GorgolepsisTemnocinclis, IncisuraSinezonaSukashitrochus

Giustia

Donax

Adelomelon beckiiAdelomelon ancilla Olivancillaria deshayesiana A. beckiiO. deshayesiana A. ancilla ´ ´ A. beckiiA. ancilla Albinaria Albinaria Albinaria

Sciobius

Anodontia, Lamellolucina Austriella

Neopycnodonte cochlear Neopycnodonte cochlear

Filicaulis, Sarasinula, Angustipes, Colosius, Heterovaginina, Montivaginulus, Novovaginula, Potamojanuarius Vaginulus ´

, , , Caracollina, , Hatumia, Mastigophallus, Oestophorella, Gasullia, , Gasulliella Gittenbergeria et al.et al.

Hemisinus, Aylacostoma,CubaedomusPachychilus and Doryssa Pachychilus Doryssa Hemisinus Aylacostoma Hemisinus

Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) trunculus Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) trunculus T. trunculus T. trunculus T. trunculus T. trunculus Zostera marina

Drymaeus ˚˝˚˝ ˚˝˚˝ ˚˝˚˝ ıııı bulgarica, O. ignorata, , Pagodulina pisidica, P. subdola Pyramidula rupestris, V. enniensis, V. pulchella

Pupilla triplicata Vertigo (Vertigo) antivertigo, cylindrica, T. rothi), Granopupa granum, Rupestrella rhodia, clienta Pyramidula rupestris, Pupilla triplicate, , Granopupa granum, Rupestrella rhodia Orculella ignorata, Sphyradium doliolum, Pagodulina pisidica, P. subdola, Vallonia costata, V. enniensis, Vertigo (Vertigo) antivertigo ıııı ııı Sprattia beycola medoroidesSprattia blissi blissi S. beycola medoroidesSprattia aksoylariııı ı ııııı ı ıııı ı

Caracollina lenticula Helix sp. ııı Arianta arbustorum Arianta arbustorum A. arbustorum

Achatinella Achatinella

Cerion Cerion CerionCerion

Cerion Cerion Cerion Cerion Arctica islandica

Arctica islandica A. islandica A. islandica,

Anodonta Gracilaria verrucosa

AfropomusSauleaLanistes PilaAsoleneFelipponeaMarisa PomellaPomacea Pomacea AsoleneMarisaFelipponeaneritiformis PomaceaAsolenePomacea

Pomacea Lanistes ovum Pomacea Pomacea canaliculata Lanistes Lanistes Lanistes ovum L.ovum P.canaliculata P.canaliculata Quadrula fragosa

Quadrula fragosa Q. fragosa Q. fragosa Q.fragosa, fragosa Q. fragosa Q. fragosa

Q. fragosa Vitularia salebrosa Vitularia salebrosa Vitularia Vitularia Vitularia Vitularia Vitularia Helix covani

Ampelita H. covani Rhytida Helix covaniAmpelitaRhytida Helix covani Helix covani Pyrgulopsis Pyrgulopsis

Aplysia fasciata Busycon canaliculatum AplysiaDolabella Mercenaria mercenaria

Mercenaria mercenaria japonica Busycon canaliculatum Spisula solidissima Helix aspersa aff. Helix aspersaCantareus aspersus H. aspersa H. aspersa Helix pomatiaArianta arbustorum H. aspersa

Lymnaea stagnalis

Pagodulina Pagodulina doliumSchileykula scyphus Pagodulina British Bivalve Seashells

Trochulus TrochulusTrichia Trochulus plebeiusT. hispidus T. hispidus T. hispidus T. plebeius. Abdopus aculeatus

Dosidicus gigas Dosidicus gigas Vallonia Deroceras reticulatumArion fasciatus Deroceras panormitanum

Oxychilus alliarius, Arion intermedius A. circumscriptus Limax maximus Limax maximus Limax L. maximus L. maximus Limax maximus Limax L. maximus c Limax maximus Limax L. maximus Limax maximus L. maximusLimax Monetaria annulus Monetaria annulus M. annulus

Nuculanucleus Nuculanucleus N. nucleus N. nucleus

Cepaea nemoralis

AfropomusSaulea i.e. AfropomusSaulea MarisaPomaceaLanistes Pila LanistesPilaLanistes Lanistes ellipticusL. nyassanusL. solidus Pontohedyle milaschewitchii Pontohedyle milaschewitchii P. milaschewitchii

Microhedyle remaneiP. milaschewitchii Serradonta Bathyacmaea

Arion lusitanicusGastropopda: : Arionidae Saponaria officinalis

ıııı

Helix pomatia Helix Helix pomatia H. campanaH. cinctaH. ligataH. lucorum Cornu aspersumC. mazzulliiEobania vermiculataHelicigona lapicida Helix H. pomatia

Thyasira succisa

Pisidium Pisidium Pisidium Pisidium Pisidium Pisidium tenuilineatum P. tenuilineatum Limax

Limax Limax Limax maximusLimax cinereoniger Limax Limax ´

Mytilus edulisDreissena polymorpha in-vitro M. edulis via Lymnaea stagnalis Lymnaea stagnalis

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ Abida A. polyodon A. secale Abida secale

A. attenuata A. secaleA. attenuata A. secale secale Pterocyclus Rhiostoma Pterocyclus Rhiostoma n n = Pterocyclus Pterocyclus asiphon Pterocyclus Rhiostoma R. hainesi R. chupingense R. jalorensisR. asiphon R. samuiense R. housei NicaniellaPressastarte Nicaniella Pressastarte Nicaniella Pressastarte

N. (Trautscholdia) phillis N. (Nicaniella) moriniP. (Pressastarte)P. (Pinguiastarte) N. (Trautscholdia)P. (Pressastarte) NicaniellaPressastarte Nicaniella Sphaerium corneumSphaerium nucleus Sphaerium corneumS. nucleus S. corneumS. nucleus SphaeriumPisidium. S. ovale Pisidiumcasertanum/globulare Troschelia Troschelia

Troschelia berniciensis Troschelia Troschelia berniciensis Troschelia berniciensis Troschelia PareuthriaPhos. Colus , Plicifusus , Latisipho, Aulacofusus , Retifusus Retimohnia Pararetifusus PlicifususRetifusus, Pararetifusus Aulacofusus. RetimohniaRetifusus Colus

Skenea serpuloides Skenea serpuloides Skenea Cyclostremiscus ornatus, Bathyxylophila excelsa Ventsia tricarinata Leptogyra, Xyleptogyra Leptogyropsis Bathyxylophila excelsaVentsia tricarinata Bathyxylophila excelsa

Ventsia tricarinata Ventsia tricarinata Dicathais orbita

Dicathais orbita D. orbita D. orbita D. orbita D. orbita D. orbita

Xeropicta derbentina: Xeropicta derbentina In vitro X. derbentina. X. derbentina X. derbentina Xeropicta derbentina

Xeropicta derbentina

in vitro X. derbentina X. derbentina Tarebia granifera

TarebiaTarebia granifera . T. granifera

“Corculum” inexpectatum Corculum “Corculum” inexpectatum Euglandina rosea Partula Partula

Ariolimax (Ariolimax MeadarionAriolimax A. californicus, A. brachyphallus A. dolichophallus , A. stramineus A. buttoni. Meadarion A. stramineus). A. californicus A. brachyphallus A. brachyphallus A. californicus A. dolichophallus A. buttoni. Mytilus edulis M. edulis

Mytilus edulis

Spirula Lepidozona Everettia Meghimatium Everettia Meghimatium

Retinella Lyrodiscus Retinella (Lyrodiscus) Retinella (Lyrodiscus) skertchlyi Retinella (Lyrodiscus) elephantium R. (Lyrodiscus) Retinella (Lyrodiscus) R. (Lyrodiscus) Scutellastra flexuosa Scutellastra flexuosa S. flexuosa

Bulla striata , Bulla striata Anodonta cygnea Anodonta cygnea

Napaeus pruninus Bulimus pruninus Macaronapaeus B. vulgarisB. hartungiB. delibutusB. forbesianus B. pruninusB. vulgaris

Napaeus pruninus N. tremulans N. alabastrinus N. pruninus Satondella SatondellaSatondella minuta S. tabulataS. senni Satondella minuta Satondella tabulata Sinezona brasiliensis S. tabulataSatondella tabulata SatondellaS. minuta Satondella S. tabulata Satondella Satondella Satondella Satondella tabulata Satondella

Theba pisana, Cernuella virgata, Cochlicella acuta, Prieoticella barbara Sarcophaga penicillataC. acuta Cantareus aspersusMicroxeromagna armillata M. armillata M. armillata Achatina fulica Pomacea canaliculata

Donax vittatus Spisula solida Donax vittatus D. vittatus Helix aspersa Helix aspersa

Bulla quoyii Haminoea

filogranaM. ventricosaClausilia bidentataC. dubia Laciniaria plicataBalea perversaCochlodina laminataCharpentieria ornataVestia guloBulgarica cana Vestia elata Vestia elataBalea perversaVestia guloCharpentieria ornata Arion ater

Mytilus galloprovincialis Mytilus galloprovincialis

Tudorella Tudorella sulcata sulcata T. ferrugineaT. mauretanica Leonia mamillaris T. ferrugineaT. mauretanica T. sulcata T. sulcata melitenseT. s. sulcata T. mauretanica Tudorella T. sulcata sulcata.

T. s. melitenseT. ferruginea T. sulcata sulcata Bulgarica cana Bulgarica cana B. cana B. cana B. cana B. cana B. canaCarychium tridentatum, edentula, , Punctum pygmaeumAegopinella pura lubrica, Discus ruderatus, D. rotundatus, Vitrea crystallina, Nesovitrea hammonis, Euconulus fulvus, Cochlodina laminata, Macrogastra ventricosa, Macrogastra plicatula, Laciniaria plicataBradybaena fruticum Perforatella bidentata aculeata, Vitrea diaphana, Aegopinella epipedostoma, Macrogastra tumida, Vestia gulo, Perforatella vicina, Chilostoma faunstinumIsognomostoma isognomostoma Maackia herderiana Teratobaikalia ciliata T. ciliata

Littorina saxatilis in vivoPotamopyrgus antipodarumin vitro Potamopyrgus antipodarum In vitro

IllustratedCatalog Theodoxus danubialis, Viviparus diluvianus, Valvata naticina, Parafossarulus crassitesta, Pisidium clessini, Lyrodiscus elephantium, Zonitoides sepultus, Aegopinella bourdieri, Aegopis acieformis, , Laminifera pauli Viviparus diluvianus

Conus Conus

– Monacha cartusiana Monacha cartusiana M. cartusiana Tritonoharpa Tritonoharpa Colubraria NZ Geol. Surv. Pal. Bull Plesiotriton Tritonoharpa TritonoharpaColubraria TritonoharpaPlesiotriton Tritonoharpa

´ Dreissena polymorpha D. polymorpha Phyllodesmium Phyllodesmium SymbiodiniumPhyllodesmium

Phyllodesmium Phyllodesmium Vertigo geyeri V. geyeri V. geyeri Panopea generosa Panopea generosa

Barbatia Ctenoides Cerastoderma LaternulaTridacna Cerastoderma

Zonites Zonites Zonites Notoacmea helmsi N. scapha ZosteraLottia alveusN. scapha

PseudunelaStrubellia Tantulum elegans Strubellia Pseudunela cornuta Pseudunela

Asperspina murmanica Asperspina murmanica

Cornu aspersum Cornu aspersum Acanthina Trophon ConcholepasAdelomelonMiomelonPachycymbiolaChorusXanthochorus Crassilabrum AdelomelonMiomelonPachycymbiolaTrophon AeneatorMitrellaHimaOlivaMitraPtychosyrinxOlivancillaria CarhuaspinaTactilispinaTestalliumPalaeomelon

HerminespinaMuregina BedevaXymeneXymenellaPenion LamprodominaAwheaturrisMaoridaphneZeacuminiaMarshallena MureginaMacronBorsonellaNihonia Mesodesma mactroides

Vertigo geyeri, Vertigo substriata Succinea oblonga, Oxyloma elegans, , , Columella columella, Vertigo substriata, Vertigo geyeri, Pupilla muscorum, , Vitrea crystallina, Trichia hispida) Valvata pulchella, Bythinia leachi, Anisus leucostomus, Anisus spirorbis, Gyraulus laevis, Pisidium obtusale, Pisidium casertanum Succinea oblonga, Columella edentula, Columella columella, , Pupilla muscorum, . Succinea oblonga, Columella edentula, Vertigo parcedentata

Patella Patella coerulea, P. caerulea f. subplana, P. rustica, P. ulyssiponensis Patella Patella Patella coerulea Patella P. coerulea f. subplanaPatella rustica Patella ulyssiponensis Patella Hiatella Hiatella Hiatella Hiatella

CoralliophilaBabelomurexLatiaxis, LeptoconchusQuoyula CoralliophilaBabelomurex

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Archachatina marginata Archachatina marginata A. marginata ovum Dendropoma Dendropoma Dendropoma

Amphidromus Amphidromus

Amphidromus Amphidromus Amphidromus Amphidromus Achatinella) c Olivella plata Olivella Olivella plata

O. plata Ariolimax Ariolimax Ariolimax, sensu strictoMeadarion A. (A.) columbianus columbianus A. (A.) c. stramineus A. (M.) dolichophallus , A. (M.) californicus californicus , A. (M.) c. brachyphallus A. (A.) c. columbianusA. columbianusA. buttoni

A. stramineus Meadarion A. californicusA. dolichophallus A. brachyphallus AriolimaxMeadarion

Adelomelon brasilianaZidona dufresnei Adelomelon beckii Odontocymbiola magellanica Adelomelon ancilla Adelomelon brasiliana Zidona dufresnei Adelomelon beckii Odontocymbiola magellanica Adelomelon ancilla

Free Total Bithynia Baicalia carinata Baicalia carinata B. carinata B. carinata B. carinata B. carinataB. rugosaB. dybowskiana B. carinata

B. rugosaB. dybowskiana Sphaerium rhomboideumS. occidentale SphaeriumAmesodaHerringtoniumMusculium Sphaerium occidentale S. rhomboideum S. occidentale S. occidentale S. rhomboideum

Dreissena polymorphaUnio tumidus Viviparus viviparusDreissena polymorpha Unio tumidus U. tumidus D. polymorpha U. tumidus U. tumidus D. polymorpha Helix pomatia

Helix pomatia H. pomatia H. pomatia H. pomatia Vallonia pulchella , V. kamtschatica , V. costata V. ladacensisV. tenuilabris theeli Vertigo substriatamicrosphaeraV. pygmaeaV. ronnebyensisV. genesiiV. pseudosubstriataV. parcedentata V. alpestrisVertigoColumella edentula C. columella C. intermediaTruncatellina cylindricaGibbulinopsis ., Pupilla muscorumP. alpicolaP. alabiellaPupilla PupillaPupilla Vallonia tenuilabris, Vertigo pseudosubstriata, Vertigo parcedentata Vertigo microsphaera Columella intermedia

Bornella PseudobornellaBornella Bornella B. stelliferB. excepta Bornella B. calcarataB. sarape Pseudobornella orientalis Dendronotus Dendronotus

Vallonia V. tenuilabrisV. kamtschatica Vchinensis Gastrocopta theeliCarychium pessimumVertigo extima V. microsphaeraV. geyeriV. genesiiV. parcedentata Rumina decollata

Rumina decollata R. decollata R. decollata R. saharica,

R. decollata R. saharicaR. saharica R. decollata Mercenaria mercenaria Aureococcus anophagefferensMercenaria mercenaria. M. mercenaria

Isochrysis.

Biomphalaria glabrata Physa teneriffae Physella acuta Pisidium dabneyPisidium casertanum ?Hydrobia evanescens Pisidium fossarinumPisidium casertanumAncylus striatus

?H. evanescensA. striatus Helisoma trivolvis Lymnaea truncatula Lymnaea peregra Lymnaea truncatulaPisidium casertanum Ferrissia clessiniana Mytilus edulis Mylilus edulis

Scutopus ventrolineatusPsilodens elongatusProchaetoderma raduliferumP. californicumFalcidens crossotus F. gutturosus Kruppomenia Kruppomenia

K. borealis K. borealis Potamides P. conicus

Cyphoma gibbosumCymbovula acicularisSimnia uniplicata Cyphoma signatumC. gibbosum C. acicularisS. uniplicata PseudopterogorgiaGorgoniaSimnia Anodonta anatina, A. cygnea, Potomida littoralis, Upictorum Unio tumidiformis Unio P. littoralisUpictorum A. anatina Anodonta anatinaUnio A. cygnea Unio tumidiformis Margaritifera

margaritifera, M. auricularia, Unio crassus, U. mancus Unio crassus Unio tumidiformis U. tumidiformis U. crassus Unio Squalius U. tumidiformisU. crassus Deroceras panormitanum Deroceras panormitanum D. panormitanum

Protothaca thaca Protothaca thaca P. thaca P. thaca Alcadia

Alcadia Helicina Helicina

Sturanya Bolinus brandarisCoralliophila meyendorffii B. brandarisChamalea C. meyendorffii B. brandaris C. meyendorffii Nucella lapillus

Octopus bimaculoides

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Retrotortina Retrotortina fuscata Ammonicera Rissoella

Smaragdia viridis Smaragdia viridis Zostera marinaCymodocea nodosa Z. marinaC. nodosa Smaragdia viridisZ. marinaC. nodosa Z. marina Z. marinaC. nodosa C. nodosaZ. marina Z. marinaC. nodosa, Smaragdia viridis Jujubinus striatusZostera marina Jujubinus striatus Zostera marinaCaulerpa prolifera

Z. marina J. striatusZ. marina Z. marina J. striatus Lymnaea stagnalis

Ovatella myosotis Ovatella myosotis Williamia radiata Mytilus

Policordia Policordia Angustebranchia Policordia Policordia

Abra nitida Thyasira sp. Hiatella sp. Astarte elliptica antennapedia labialdeformedLox2 Lox4 labialdeformedLox4 zerknultCdxXlox Gbx Hiatella sp.

Melanoides tuberculatus Heleobia australis´Heleobia Biomphalaria tenagophila ´ Schistosoma mansoni Antillorbis nordestensis FerrissiaBurnupiaGundlachia ticagaPisidium punctiferum M. tuberculatusB. tenagophila, M. tuberculatus

Eulepetopsis vitrea Eulepetopsis vitrea E. vitrea Bathyacmaea, Pectinodonta Acmaea Serradonta

Amphidromus Amphidromus Potamopyrgus antipodarum Potamopyrgus antipodarum P. antipodarum P. antipodarum P. antipodarum Melanoides

Melanoides

Melanoides Melanoides

Pomacea Marisacornuarietis Schistosoma bovis Afropomus Lanistes LanistesPila Pila Afropomus Arianta arbustorum Arianta arbustorumR. limacum A. arbustorum A. arbustorum R. limacum A. arbustorum

A. arbustorum Vermetus rugulosus Vermetus rugulosus V. rugulosus

Doris Doris Bellamya Bellamya Neothauma Bellamya Bellamya Viviparus contectus BellamyaBellamya

Bellamya Bellamya rubicundaB. Bellamya capillata Neothauma Bellamya Drosophila Planaria Platynereis Tripedalia Theodoxus Theodoxus Theodoxus T. velox, T. euxinusT. .

danasteri.Theodoxus veloxT. fluviatilis T. velox T. velox T. fluviatilis T. danasteri, T. fluviatilisT. fluviatilisT. euxinusT. veloxT. euxinusT. danasteri Theodoxus via

Mactra isabelleana Mactra isabelleana Mactra isabelleana. M. marplatensis ad hoc M. isabelleana. HanleyaFerreiraella Leptochiton

Challenger

Tylomelania Tylomelania Tylomelania Tylomelania Tylomelania

Parabaikalia oviformis P. oviformis P. florii. P. oviformis P. florii P. florii P. oviformis P. oviformis P. floriiP. oviformis P. florii P. florii. Paryphantopsis

Atopos Belgrandiella, Boleana, Erythropomatiana, Hadziella, Hauffenia, Horatia, Iglica, Kerkia, Mervicia, Neohoratia, Bythiospeum (Paladilhiopsis), Sadleriana, Lanzaiopsis, Bythinella, Acroloxus, Congeria) Zospeum,

Bulgarica, Chilostoma Arion lusitanicusArion rufus Arion lusitanicusArion rufus A. lusitanicus A. rufus cox1 cox1 A. lusitanicusA. rufuscox1 A. lusitanicusA. rufus A. lusitanicus

Anodonta anatina Unio pictorum doubly uniparental inheritance Anodonta anatina Unio pictorum cox1 A. anatina U. pictorumcox1 Hyalogyrina depressa Xenoskenea pellucida Hyalogyrina depressaXenoskenea pellucida Hyalogyrina depressaXenoskenea pellucida

Vallonia costata Discus rotundatus Argopecten irradians

Chelidonura sandrana Macoma balthica Macoma balthica

vice versa

Pisidium Dendropupa zarecznyi

Vestia gulo Vestia gulo Vestia gulo V. gulo V. gulo

Biomphalaria glabrata Paludinellassiminea Omphalotropis japonicus PaludinellassimineaOmphalotropissensulato PaludinellassimineaOmphalotropis Paludinellassiminea Paludinellassiminea Omphalotropis

Omphalotropis Paludinellassiminea Omphalotropis s.l P. japonicaP. stricta Paludinellassiminea Lophelia pertusaMadrepora oculata Desmophyllum dianthusJavania cailletiCaryophylliaDendrophyllia Corallium rubrum Urania Meteor CoralliophilarichardiHirtomurex ruderatusBabelomurex sentix .C. richardi Madrepora H. ruderatus Hirtomurexsquamosus Lophelia, Madrepora, Desmophyllum, Corallium B. sentix Lophelia, Madrepora Desmophyllum Corallium

C. richardi Tylomelania Tylomelania Tylomelania

Pomacea lineataPomacea figulina

AsoleneFelipponeaMarisa Pomella PomaceaPomacea Pomacea figulina P. lineataP. lineata Pomacea lineata P. figulina

Wirenia argentea W. argentea Margaritifera margaritifera

Margaritifera margaritifera

Margaritifera marocanaMargaritifera Margaritifera Margaritifera margaritifera M. auricularia M. auricularia M. auriculariamarocana M. auricularia M. falcataM. laevisM. margaritiferaM. laevis Margaritifera marocana M. auricularia Cyclophorus Cyclophorus

in situ C. aurantiacus C. turgidus (Deroceras reticulatum, Arion lusitanicus, Cernuella virgata, Cernuella aginnica, Xeropicta derbentina, Theba pisana, Pomatias elegans)(Marisa cornuarietis) Dosidicus gigas Dosidicus gigas

BiserrameniapsammobiontaMeioherpia CaecumglabrumPhilinoglossa helgolandica Hedylopsis spiculiferaAsperpina loricataUnela glanduliferaPseudovermis artabrensis Embletoniapulchra

aurata isabelleiCallochiton puniceus lebruni i.e Lymnaea stagnalis Bradybaena similaris

Botula

Unio crassus Unio crassus Unio crassus U. crassus U. crassus U. crassus U. crassus U. crassus

Biomphalaria Schistosoma mansoni Biomphalaria Biomphalaria Biomphalaria Biomphalaria Shistosoma mansoni Schistosoma mansoni Biomphalaria Biomphalaria Littorina littorea Littorina littorea

Littorina littorea Littorina littorea

Ditrupa arietina Ervilia castaneaTellinella donacinaTimoclea ovataTellina balaustina Kelletia kelletii Bruclarkia

Deroceras DerocerasD. fatrense, D. praecoxD. rodnae

Nassarius reticulatus Nassarius reticulatus N. reticulatus N. reticulatus

Chilina Chilina Chilina Chilina Chilina Pupilla pratensisPupilla muscorum

Pupilla muscorum Pupilla pratensis pratensis Pupilla pratensis Pupilla alpiola P. pratensis Pupilla

Tylomelania sarasinorum

Ferrissia Ferrissia FerrissiaI have found no way to separate unequivocally, and believe that they may all represent different directions of clinal variations within one large super-species Ferrissia Ferrissia AncylusRhodacmeaFerrissia F. rivularisF. parallelus F. fragilis F. fragilis F. wautieri F. clessiniana Corbicula fluminea Corbicula fluminea C. fluminea C. fluminea C. fluminea

Pontohedyle milaschewitchii Pontohedyle milaschewitchii P. milaschewitchii Pontohedyle milaschewitchii.

Dicathais orbita

Isognomon alatus Isognomon Isognomon alatus Isognomon alatusI. ephippium

Isognomon Isognomon alatusI. ephippium Melina I. alatusI. ephippiumIsognomon Isognomon alatusI. ephippium

Spisula, Mercenaria, Lima CardiumArgoPectenLima Limulus PectenLima Tridacna

Turbo Turbo Echinolittorina Bradybaena pellucidaBPB. similarisBS BPBS BPBS BSBP BSBS BP BS BS BSBP BSBP BP BSBP

Oncomelania hupensis Oncomelania hupensis O.hupensis. ıııı Borlumastus yildirimi

Graecoanatolica ıııı Graecoanatolica G. pamphylicaG. lacustristurcaG. tenuisG. kocapinaricaG. conicaG. brevis G. conica G. kocapinarica G. wilkei ıııı

Loligo bleekeri Loligo bleekeri Nassarius vibex Nassarius vibex Mytella charruana N. vibex

Aplysia Aplysia A. kurodai A. kurodai A. kurodai A. kurodai Vibrio Sepiola VibrioV. fischeriV. logei Vibrio Vibrio SepiolaVibrio Vibrio Vibrio

Wirenia . ´ Wirenia argentea, Hemimenia HemimeniaH. cyclomyata,

Cepaea nemoralisTrichia hispidaArion rufus Lymnaea stagnalisRadix peregraPhysa fontinalis Planorbarius corneus L. stagnalisR. peregraP. fontinalisPl. corneus V. viviparus

OnchidiumA. rufus L. stagnalis L. stagnalis Achatina fulica, D. agreste

Loligo bleekeri Drouetia

Odontocymbiola magellanicaAdelomelon ancilla O.magellanica A. ancilla O. magellanicaAdelomelon ancilla Arbacia dufresnii O. magellanica A. ancilla

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