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Minnesota House of Representatives State Government Series #2- State

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Minnesota House of Representatives State Government Series #2- State ake Superior agates. Common loons. Pink and white lady's slippers and Norway pines. Walleyes and wild rice. All are characteristic of Minnesota, and all capture L the essence of the state. Over the course of Minnesota’s statehood, the Legislature has adopted 17 such symbols to identify the state's great resources and quality of life. The State Seal decreed that the American Indian should 2 face the settler by riding south rather than he Great Seal of Minnesota fleeing west. has been around for 150 years Capt. Seth Eastman, an artist who — even before Minnesota be- was also the commanding officer at Fort State came a state. But its existence has Snelling, designed the seal.▼ not been without controversy. It was on May 25, 1858 Symbols —T two weeks after Minnesota became a The State Flag state — that then Secretary of State Francis Baasen said to Gov. Henry H. Sibley that, he Minnesota state flag was “My office being without a seal, I can of adopted by the Legislature in 1957. The idea was to produce the flag course do no official act unless you make in 1893 when it accepted the more cheaply to urge people to display it some direction in the matter.” design submitted by Amelia in preparation for the state’s centennial in Sibley immediately authorized the Hyde Center of Minneapolis. 1958.▼ use of the territorial seal until a new de- The flag depicts the state seal sign could be created and agreed upon. Ton a blue background. The seal That seal, essentially shows a The State Bird the same one pioneer he Legislature adopted the in use today, plowing common loon as the state E was used the virgin bird in 1961. Since then, it has while the prairie become one of the most revered Legislature and an of Minnesota symbols. debated a American The sleek-looking bird can new one. Indian on attain speeds of up to 60 mph In 1858, horseback. At the top of the seal T and can travel great distances under the Legisla- is the state motto, “L’Etoile du water. The loon’s legs are near the rear of ture approved Nord,” or star of the north. Three its body, enabling it to dive under water a vastly different dates on the flag signify the establishment quickly, quietly and with great speed. seal, but for some reason it was never of historic Fort Snelling in 1819, the But its legs weren’t made for walking. officially adopted into law. Historians acceptance of Minnesota as a state in 1858 The loon earned its name from the old still aren’t sure why, but speculation has and the adoption of the state flag in 1893. English word “lumme,” meaning awkward it that Sibley didn’t like the design and The 19 stars on the flag symbolize person. The loon ventures on land only conveniently “lost” the bill in favor of Minnesota as the 19th state to be admit- when nesting and breeding. And even the territorial design. In any case, the ted to the Union after the original 13. The then, the nest is always near the water. Legislature, in 1861, when notified that largest of these stars is centered above the Its wings are also very small. As a re- the governor may have acted outside his seal to symbolize the north sult, the loon, which averages about 9 authority, approved the design and it was star state. pounds, needs between 20 yards and signed into law. The original a quarter mile to take off. So the essential elements of the flag had two Its distinctive features include a territorial seal — a barefoot settler plowing sides, blue on one side and black-and- a field near the Mississippi River, an white on the other. But because American Indian riding a horse and a the flag was so expensive to sunset — have remained ever since. make, and because it was But these too, have changed slightly easily damaged in high over the years. Prompted by American winds, the Legislature Indian objection, the Legislature, in 1983, adopted the one- sided, all-blue design white checkered pattern on its back and Minnesota’s rarest wildflowers. It blooms marbles. But it’s known by a variety of an intense red eye, which is found only in late June or early July, and it takes other names, too — yellow pike, yellow in adults. Its head is a dark green but is between four and 16 years before the perchpike and yellow pickerel. often mistaken for black. The description plant produces a flower. Under the right Minnesota’s record walleye, caught in applies to both males and females, making conditions, lady's slippers can live for more 1979 in the Sea Gull River at Saganaga it difficult to distinguish them. than 100 years. The pink and white lady's Lake in Cook County, weighed Loons are loners and prefer Minnesota’s slipper can grow to a height of 3 feet and 17 pounds, 8 ounces.▼ isolated lakes, leading some to label their is the tallest of the state’s lady's slippers.▼ distinctive call as “the loneliest voice on earth.”▼ The State Soil ere’s the dirt on Minnesota’s The State Mushroom newest state symbol: The State Flower he morchella esculenta, Although it’s only found ou might think twice before commonly known as the in 17 counties located in picking the Minnesota state morel, sponge mushroom south-central Minnesota, flower — the pink and or honeycomb Lester was designated the white lady's slipper. In 1922, morel, became H state soil in 2012. the Legislature passed a law Minnesota’s Named because of its prevalence in the making it illegal to pick the rare officialT state mushroom area around Lester Prairie, the soil is well- flower that is typically found in in 1984. drained and formed in loamy, calcareous theY swamps, bogs and damp woods of The morel is considered glacial till on ground moraines. Principal northern Minnesota. one of the most highly crops grown in Lester soil are corn and But its history as the state flower began prized and delicious of all soybeans. nearly 30 years prior. It was in 1893, that a edible mushrooms. According to the Minnesota Asso- group of women The morel’s cups resemble ciation of Professional Soil Scientists, the preparing an cone-shaped sponges, pitted impetus behind the naming of a state soil exhibit of like a honeycomb. The morel is to celebrate “a century of soil science the state’s is usually 4 inches to 8 inches high. at the University of Minnesota,” as well products It grows from early May to early June in as the 40th anniversary of MAPSS. The for the the Twin Cities metropolitan area among association chose the dirt as the state’s World’s leaves or wood ashes in open woods, unofficial soil back in 1987. ▼ Fair in along roadsides and in partially shaded Chicago meadowland. ▼ decided The State Gemstone t h e y should The State Fish lthough the Legislature didn’t h a v e adopt the Lake Superior agate f all Minnesota’s state sym- a state as the official state gemstone bols, none is more eagerly flower to until 1969, agates were being sought after than the wall- decorate formed about a billion years eye — the official state fish. their before that. Every year in Minnesota, display. They A As the North American more than 1 million anglers petitioned continent began to split apart (caused take to the water on one of the legislators to adopt O by molten rock moving state’s 1,700 walleye lakes in pursuit of the the wild lady's slipper as the state flower, deep beneath the elusive walleye. and the Legislature complied. But several earth’s surface), In May 1965, the Legislature adopted years later, officials discovered that the wild iron-rich lava the walleye as the state fish. It was chosen lady's slipper named in law didn’t grow in poured out of the for its value to both sport and commercial Minnesota. huge crevasses. These flows fishing. So during the 1902 special session are now exposed along the north and south The walleye gets its name from of the Legislature, a new shores of Lake Superior. its eyes, which have a milky resolution was adopted that The stone’s red appearance like bluish- changed the state flower to color comes w h i t e the pink and white lady's slipper. from iron, A member of the orchid the major family, the pink and white lady's slipper is one of industrial mineral in the state. The concentration of iron, and the extent to The State Photograph The State Grain which the iron has oxidized, determines world-renowned photograph or centuries, wild rice has been the color of the stone. Puddles of quartz- became the state’s 14th state a staple for the American Indians rich solutions that crystallize inside the symbol in 2002. of northern Minnesota. gas pocket under low fluid pressure cause Shot in Bovey, Minn., To recognize that, and the the white bands that are typically found by Eric Enstrom in 1918, fact that Minnesota is a leading in agates. The parallel nature of the bands “Grace” features an elderly producer of natural wild indicates the agate’s position inside the A man sitting pensively with rice in the nation, the his head bowed and hands folded. He is F lava flow. Legislature adopted Characteristics of the agate include a leaning over a table, and on the table is wild rice as the glossy, waxy appearance, a pitted surface a pair of spectacles resting atop a thick official state texture and iron-oxide staining.
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