Appendix Ch.8 (Annotated Version) Pathonyms
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Endogenous Dendritic Cells from the Tumor Microenvironment Support T
Endogenous dendritic cells from the tumor PNAS PLUS microenvironment support T-ALL growth via IGF1R activation Todd A. Tripletta, Kim T. Cardenasa,1, Jessica N. Lancastera, Zicheng Hua, Hilary J. Seldena, Guadalupe J. Jassoa, Sadhana Balasubramanyama, Kathy Chana, LiQi Lib, Xi Chenc,d, Andrea N. Marcogliesee, Utpal P. Davéf, Paul E. Loveb, and Lauren I. R. Ehrlicha,2 aDepartment of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; bSection on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; cDivision of Biostatistics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136; dSylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136; eDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030; and fDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Edited by Zena Werb, University of California, San Francisco, CA, and approved January 14, 2016 (received for review October 15, 2015) Primary T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells require tumor growth and metastasis (3). Tumor-associated macrophages stromal-derived signals to survive. Although many studies have (TAMs), which resemble alternatively activated (M2) macro- identified cell-intrinsic alterations in signaling pathways that promote phages (4), also support tumor growth. TAMs suppress antitumor T-ALL growth, the identity of endogenous stromal cells and their immune responses, promote tumor invasion and angiogenesis, and associated signals in the tumor microenvironment that support T-ALL are negatively associated with clinical outcomes (5). -
WSC 20-21 Conf 6 Illustrated Results
Joint Pathology CenterJoint Pathology Center Veterinary PathologyVeterinary Services Pathology Services WEDNESDAY SLIDE CONFERENCE 2020-2021 WEDNESDAY SLIDE CONFERENCE 2019-2020 Conference 6 C o n f e r e n c e 16 29 January 2020 30 September 2020 Dr. Ingeborg Langohr, DVM, PhD, DACVP Professor Department of Pathobiological Sciences Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine Joint Pathology Center Baton Rouge, LA Silver Spring, Maryland CASE I: CASE S1809996 1: N16 (JPC-032 4135077(4084301).-00 ) Microscopic2.2x1.5x2 Description: cm firm mass The originatinginterstitium from the dura within themater section (meningioma). is diffusely infiltrated by Signalment:Signalment: A 3-month 13- old,yrs male,of age, mixed spayed- female,moderate to large numbers of predominantly breed pigGolden (Sus scrofa Retriever,) Canis lupus familiaris, caninemononuclear. Laboratory cells along results: with edema. There is abundantCytology: type II pneumocyteIt was reported hyperplasia that ante -mortem History: This pig had no previous signs of History: lining alveolarcytology septae of blood and manysmears of from the this animal were illness, andIt waswas reportedfound dead. that the patient had decreased consistent with lymphoid leukemia. appetite and lethargy for the past 1-2 weeks andalveolar spacesSpecial have staining: central Under areas polarized of light, Congo Gross Pathologyhad diarrhea: Approximately for ~1 day. She70% had of a history ofnecrotic macrophagesRed special admixedstain withrevealed other apple-green the lungs,seizures primarily for thein the past cranial ~3 years; regions her last of seizure wasmononuclear birefringence cells and of fewer material neutrophils. effacing glomeruli and the lobes,1 were month patchy ago. darkThe red,patient and hadfirm a generalizedOccasionally cardiac there vessel is free. -
Transplantation Antitumor Activity After Bone Marrow Graft-Versus-Host
The Journal of Immunology Host NKT Cells Can Prevent Graft-versus-Host Disease and Permit Graft Antitumor Activity after Bone Marrow Transplantation1 Asha B. Pillai,* Tracy I. George,† Suparna Dutt,* Pearline Teo,* and Samuel Strober2* Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is a curative treatment for leukemia and lymphoma, but graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) remains a major complication. Using a GVHD protective nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen of total lymphoid irradiation and antithymocyte serum (TLI/ATS) in mice that has been recently adapted to clinical studies, we show that regulatory host NKT cells prevent the expansion and tissue inflammation induced by donor T cells, but allow retention of the killing activity of donor T cells against the BCL1 B cell lymphoma. Whereas wild-type hosts given transplants from wild-type donors were protected against progressive tumor growth and lethal GVHD, NKT cell-deficient CD1d؊/؊ and J␣-18؊/؊ host mice given wild-type transplants cleared the tumor cells but died of GVHD. In contrast, wild-type hosts given transplants from CD8؊/؊ or perforin؊/؊ donors had progressive tumor growth without GVHD. Injection of host-type NKT cells into J␣-18؊/؊ host mice conditioned with TLI/ATS markedly reduced the early expansion and colon injury induced by donor T cells. In conclusion, after TLI/ATS host conditioning and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, host NKT cells can separate the proinflammatory and tumor cytolytic functions of donor T cells. The Journal of Immunology, 2007, 178: 6242–6251. raft-vs-host disease (GVHD)3 remains a major compli- taining antitumor activity. Preclinical studies of a TLI and anti- cation of human hemopoietic cell transplantation in the thymocyte serum (ATS) regimen in mice showed that the G treatment of leukemia and lymphoma (1). -
MINAX Contains the Active Ingredient Metoprolol Tartrate CONSUMER MEDICINE INFORMATION
MINAX contains the active ingredient metoprolol tartrate CONSUMER MEDICINE INFORMATION What is in this leaflet blood vessels in the body, as well as lung problems, or have had helping the heart to beat more them in the past This leaflet answers some common regularly. • You have a history of allergic questions about MINAX. It does not Your doctor will have explained why problems, including hayfever contain all of the available you are being treated with MINAX • You have low blood pressure information. and told you what dose to take. MINAX may be used either alone or • You have a very slow heartbeat It does not take the place of talking to (less than 45-50 beats/minute) your doctor or pharmacist. in combination with other medicines to treat your condition. • You have certain other heart All medicines have benefits and conditions risks. Your doctor has weighed the Ask your doctor if you have any risks of you taking MINAX against questions about why MINAX has • You have phaeochromocytoma the benefits they expect it will have been prescribed for you. (a rare tumour of the adrenal for you. Your doctor may have prescribed gland) which is not being MINAX for another reason. treated already with other If you have any concerns about medicines taking this medicine, talk to your Follow all directions given to you • You have a severe blood vessel doctor or pharmacist. by your doctor carefully. disorder causing poor Keep this leaflet with your They may differ from the circulation in the arms and legs medicine. information contained in this leaflet. -
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE Etiology and Pathophysiology
806 Section 7 Problems of Oxygenation: Perfusion ing can be injured as a result of tobacco use, hyperlipidemia, hy- 493,623 pertension, diabetes, hyperhomocysteinemia, and infection (e.g., 500 433,825 Males Chlamydia pneumoniae, herpes) causing a local infl ammatory re- sponse3,4 (Fig. 34-2, A). 400 Females C-reactive protein (CRP), a nonspecifi c marker of infl amma- tion, is increased in many patients with CAD. Chronic exposure to 300 288,768 268,503 even minor elevations of CRP can trigger the rupture of plaques Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular and promote the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cho- 200 lesterol, leading to increased uptake by macrophages in the endo- 5,6 64,103 thelial lining. Deaths in thousands 69,257 41,877 100 60,713 Developmental Stages. CAD is a progressive disease that 34,301 38,948 takes many years to develop. When it becomes symptomatic, the 0 disease process is usually well advanced. The stages of development ABCDE ABDEF in atherosclerosis are (1) fatty streak, (2) fi brous plaque resulting from smooth muscle cell proliferation, and (3) complicated lesion. A Total CVD (Preliminary) D Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases B Cancer E Diabetes Mellitus Fatty Streak. Fatty streaks, the earliest lesions of atherosclero- 2 C Accidents F Alzheimer’s Disease sis, are characterized by lipid-fi lled smooth muscle cells. As streaks of fat develop within the smooth muscle cells, a yellow FIG. 34-1 Leading causes of death for all men and women. CVD, Cardiovas- cular disease. tinge appears. Fatty streaks can be observed in the coronary arter- ies by age 15 and involve an increasing amount of surface area as the patient ages. -
Post-Splenectomy Sepsis: a Review of the Literature
Open Access Review Article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6898 Post-splenectomy Sepsis: A Review of the Literature Faryal Tahir 1 , Jawad Ahmed 1 , Farheen Malik 2 1. Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK 2. Pediatrics, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK Corresponding author: Jawad Ahmed, [email protected] Abstract The spleen is an intraperitoneal organ that performs vital hematological and immunological functions. It maintains both innate and adaptive immunity and protects the body from microbial infections. The removal of the spleen as a treatment method was initiated from the early 1500s for traumatic injuries, even before the physiology of spleen was properly understood. Splenectomy has therapeutic effects in many conditions such as sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), Hodgkin’s disease, and lymphoma. However, it increases the risk of infections and, in some cases, can lead to a case of severe sepsis known as overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI), which has a very high mortality rate. Encapsulated bacteria form a major proportion of the invading organisms, of which the most common is Streptococcus pneumoniae. OPSI is a medical emergency that requires prompt diagnosis (with blood cultures and sensitivity, blood glucose levels, renal function tests, and electrolyte levels) and management with fluid resuscitation along with immediate administration of empirical antimicrobials. OPSI can be prevented by educating patients, vaccination, and antibiotic prophylaxis. -
Color Atlas of Hematology
i ii iii Color Atlas of Hematology Practical Microscopic and Clinical Diagnosis Harald Theml, M.D. Professor, Private Practice Hematology/Oncology Munich, Germany Heinz Diem, M.D. Klinikum Grosshadern Institute of Clinical Chemistry Munich, Germany Torsten Haferlach, M.D. Professor, Klinikum Grosshadern Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics Munich, Germany 2nd revised edition 262 color illustrations 32 tables Thieme Stuttgart · New York iv Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publica- Important note: Medicine is an ever- tion Data is available from the publisher changing science undergoing continual development. Research and clinical ex- perience are continually expanding our knowledge, in particular our knowledge of This book is an authorized revised proper treatment and drug therapy. Insofar translation of the 5th German edition as this book mentions any dosage or appli- published and copyrighted 2002 by cation, readers may rest assured that the Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany. authors, editors, and publishers have made Title of the German edition: every effort to ensure that such references Taschenatlas der Hämatologie are in accordance with the state of knowl- edge at the time of production of the book. Translator: Ursula Peter-Czichi PhD, Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, Atlanta, GA, USA or express any guarantee or responsibility on the part of the publishers in respect to any dosage instructions and forms of appli- 1st German edition 1983 cations stated in the book. Every user is re- 2nd German edition 1986 quested to examine carefully the manu- 3rd German edition 1991 facturers’ leaflets accompanying each drug 4th German edition 1998 and to check, if necessary in consultation 5th German edition 2002 with a physician or specialist, whether the 1st English edition 1985 dosage schedules mentioned therein or the 1st French edition 1985 contraindications stated by the manufac- 2nd French edition 2000 turers differ from the statements made in 1st Indonesion edition 1989 the present book. -
METOPROLOL IV MYLAN Metoprolol Tartrate
METOPROLOL IV MYLAN metoprolol tartrate Consumer Medicine Information What is in this leaflet This leaflet answers some common questions about METOPROLOL IV MYLAN. It does not contain all the available information. It does not take the place of talking to your doctor or pharmacist. All medicines have risks and benefits. Your doctor has weighed the risks of you being given METOPROLOL IV MYLAN against the benefits they expect it will have for you. If you have any concerns about being given this medicine, ask your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. Keep this leaflet with the medicine. You may need to read it again. What METOPROLOL IV MYLAN is used for Your medicine contains metoprolol tartrate as the active ingredient. This medicine belongs to a group of medicines called beta-blockers. METOPROLOL IV MYLAN 1 Metoprolol tartrate is used to treat an irregular heartbeat, also known as arrhythmia, which means that there is a disturbance of the heart's normal rhythm or beat. Arrhythmias may be caused by numerous factors, including some heart diseases, an overactive thyroid gland or chemical imbalances. After a heart attack there is also a chance of developing an arrhythmia. Metoprolol tartrate helps to restore your heart beat to a more normal rate, particularly if it is beating very fast. Ask your doctor if you have any questions about why this medicine has been prescribed for you. Your doctor may have prescribed it for another reason. This medicine is not addictive. Before you are given METOPROLOL IV MYLAN When you must not be given it You should not be given METOPROLOL IV MYLAN if: • you have any allergies to metoprolol tartrate, any other beta-blocker medicine, any of the ingredients listed at the end of this leaflet. -
Neurofibromin and IL-4 As Regulators of T Cell Development, Function, and Homeostasis
Neurofibromin and IL-4 as Regulators of T Cell Development, Function, and Homeostasis by Jennifer Anne Oliver A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Immunology) in The University of Michigan 2012 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Philip D. King, Chair Professor Cheong-Hee Chang Professor Wesley Dunnick Professor Joel A. Swanson Associate Professor Yuan Zhu © Jennifer Anne Oliver 2012 Acknowledgements There are so many people who have helped and supported me while I completed this dissertation. The following is my attempt to acknowledge and thank them all. First, I thank my advisor, Phil King, for teaching me to approach research critically and to communicate my work clearly and concisely, for interesting, and often humorous conversation, for fostering a friendly and cooperative work environment, and for providing me with the opportunity to work on a dream project. In the same vein, I thank my current lab mates, Phil Lapinski, Beth Lubeck, and Melissa Meyer and honorary lab mate Natasha Del Cid, as well as past lab mate Tim Bauler, for assistance with research, help with the navigation of graduate school, and their invaluable friendship. I was proud to work with all of them in the King lab. Next, I would like to thank all of my committee members for their careful attention to my research projects and for their helpful comments and suggestions. I would also like to thank various members of the Chang, Dunnick, Zhu, Chensue, Laouar, O‟Riordan, Zhang, Fox, and Raghavan labs at the University of Michigan for their assistance with experimental design, implementation, and analysis. -
Retinal Image Analysis and Diagnosis of Retinal Blood Vascular Diseases Using Deep Learning Model
Retinal Image Analysis and Diagnosis of Retinal Blood Vascular Diseases using Deep Learning Model Bismita Choudhury (Student ID: 100063702) A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) (Computer Science and Engineering) Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Science Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus May/2019 “Research is what I’m doing when I don’t know what I’m doing.” – Wernher von Braun THESIS – DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PHD) Abstract The retina is not only an important part of the visual system, but it also has the potential to indicate the general health of the other parts of the human body. In addition to the eye disease, various retinal abnormalities can be indicative of other health issues. Recent studies have show n that these retinal abnormalities associated with the blood vascular disease are predictive to several major diseases, viz., Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases like Hypertension and Coronary heart disease, Kidney disease, and Stroke. Among the various blood vascular diseases, Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO) are the two leading causes of blindness worldwide. The main causes for both of these sight-threatening retinal diseases are the age, obesity and sedentary lifestyle of people. As these factors are beyond controllable to avoid such diseases, therefore, it is particularly important to detect these retinal abnormalities as early as possible and prevent the visual imparity. The recent years have seen the increased interest in diagnosing various diseases through Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) of the digital images. In past decades, several such methods have been proposed for diagnosing DR. -
Contribution of Defective Cytotoxicity to Development Of
CONTRIBUTION OF DEFECTIVE CYTOTOXICITY TO DEVELOPMENT OF CANINE HEMOPHAGOCYTIC HISTIOCYTIC SARCOMA A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Guelph by MICHAL NETA In partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September, 2011 © Michal Neta, 2011 ABSTRACT CONTRIBUTION OF DEFECTIVE CYTOTOXICITY TO DEVELOPMENT OF CANINE HEMOPHAGOCYTIC HISTIOCYTIC SARCOMA Michal Neta Advisor: University of Guelph, 2011 Professor Robert M. Jacobs Canine Hemophagocytic Histiocytic Sarcoma (CHHS) is an aggressive neoplasm of macrophages with local lymphocytic reaction. Similarities exist between CHHS and Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (FHL), a complex of histiocytic diseases in children, which is attributable to various defects in granule dependent killing (GDK). This led to the hypothesis that defective GDK compromises lymphocyte homeostasis and anti-tumor immunity which results in CHHS. The sequence of canine perforin, a key effector molecule of GDK, was determined by RT-PCR and RACE. Genomic DNA from healthy and CHHS-affected dogs was sequenced and analyzed, but mutations with functional implications were not identified. Subsequently, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) of CHHS were examined for GDK functionality. CHHS-TIL were compared to their functional counterparts in canine cutaneous histiocytoma (CCH), a benign histiocytic tumor in dogs, known to regress via lymphocytic reaction. To facilitate such comparison, functionality of CCH-TIL was studied by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy and quantified by image analysis applications. This provided novel insights regarding the physiology of TIL in tumor microenvironment and further characterizing CCH as a model for anti-tumor immunity. The comparison revealed a clear, and highly significant structural difference in polarization and degranulation of CHHS-TIL which likely hampers GDK. -
Clinical Research on the Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients' Motor Ability
2002. Vol. 3. No. 1. 107-119 Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine Original Article Clinical Research on the rehabilitation of Stroke patients’ motor ability Chang-Nam Ko, Sang-Kwan Moon, Ki-Ho Cho, Young-Suk Kim, Hyung-Sub Bae, Kyung-Sub Lee Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological diseases(Storke center) Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea Abstract Background and Purpose: This clinical study investigated the effect of oriental medical treatment (herbal medicine, acupuncture & moxibustion therapy, physiotherapy, etc.) for the motor recovery improvement in stroke patients. The MBI (Modified Barthel Index) and NIHSS (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale) were used to evaluate the motor recovery in these patients. Methods: We selected the 151 stroke patients (79 male and 72 female) who visited Kang Nam Korean Hospital, Kyunghee University from June 1. 2000 to June 30. 2001 and investigated their characteristics, risk factors, past history, lesion area and size, symptoms, admission period and the period from onset to admission. We analyzed the MBI & NIHSS records to prove the efficacy of oriental medical treatment. Results and conclusions: Age distribution shows in 60s, 70s, 50s, 40s and 80s. The average age was 65.6±10.0. Gender ratio was 1.09:1(M:F). Lesion areas were mostly in the MCA (Middle Cerebral Artery), multifocal, brainstem and PCA (Posterior Cerebral Artery). Antecedent diseases of stroke patients were hypertension (78.4%), heart diseases, and diabetes mellitus, prior attacks. Symptoms of these patients are motor disturbance, verbal disturbance, swallowing disturbance and stool and urine disturbance. The mean admission period was 35.3±36.2 days. The significant period from onset to admission was 23.6 ±42.8 days.