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€DIN BVRGH + O%-W Ce the CITY of EDINBURGH COUNCIL I Item no $40 I + €DIN BVRGH + O%-W Ce THE CITY OF EDINBURGH COUNCIL I A New War Memorial for Edinburgh The City of Edinburgh Council IMay2008 I Purpose of report 1.I This report responds to Council decisions of IJune 2006 and 25 October 2007 which instructed me to investigate the options and costs for a “suitable commemoration to recognise all who fought in World War II” and to recommend how the courage of Edinburgh-born men and women who have been awarded bravery medals could be commemorated, with specific recognition of the bravery of Corporal Mark Wright GC, who was killed in Afghanistan in February 2006. The relevant motions, as approved, are attached at Appendix 1. 2 Summary 2.1 I established a short life working group to appraise options for the creation of a memorial to those who fought in World War II. 2.2 The group researched three areas: examples of recent memorials from Europe and the USA: potential location; and 0 the planning, budget and development process. 2.3 This report includes a review of comparisons from Europe and the USA, indicates alternative options, identifies a programme of consultation and makes recommendations for the next steps. 2.4 Consideration has also been given to addressing the issues of the commemoration of individuals or groups of people who have shown outstanding courage. 2.5 I have identified a location and context for a new memorial which would allow for the recognition of individuals from Edinburgh who have lost their lives in recent conflicts or who may lose their lives in future military operations, as called for in the appropriate Council decisions (Appendix I ). 1 3 MainReport Survey of other Recent Memorials 3.1 No two places have chosen the same way of commemorating World War II, though there are many common factors. 3.2 The largest recent memorial is the National World War II memorial in Washington DC which opened in 2004. This is a memorial to all Americans who served in the armed forces and on the home front and covers all geographic areas (Europe, Pacific etc). Although this is the national memorial, many American towns and cities have their own smaller memorials commemorating local veterans and heroes. As there are many examples it is difficult to pick a typical monument. However, the town of Littleton, Colorado, erected a fine, suitable and moving memorial in 2000. 3.3 In London, there is the 2005 memorial to women in World War II whilst, in Staffordshire, the Armed Forces Memorial, inaugurated in 2007, stands in the centre of the National Memorial Arboretum. 3.4 Across Europe, many of the memorials are associated with specific events. In France, war memorials are mostly associated with the cemeteries of World War I, or with the dead in the Normandy landings. There is also a very fine memorial to the Deported Martyrs in Paris. e Similarly, in 2000, Vienna chose to commission Rachel Whiteread for its Holocaust Memorial in the Judenplatz. Her concrete library of books to represent the departed has been greatly admired. In 2006, Rome erected a monument to the Allied Forces killed in actions to liberate the city, especially at Monte Cassino and Anzio; this supplements the memorial in the graveyard at Monte Cassino. In Amsterdam, the main focus of remembrance has been shifted to the museum in the reconstructed Anne Frank’s House. 3.5 In addition, most towns and cities across Europe have a mixture of memorials similar to those already in existence in Edinburgh (Appendix 2). These include memorials to earlier wars, with additions; memorials to specific individual or regimental actions; and memorials commemorating local losses. Many towns and cities make a particular feature of the old Jewish quarter and few are without a stone or small sculpture to the Jewish dead, Many of the most moving and informative Jewish memorials are in small German towns, such as the museum in Worms associated with the synagogue and Jewish ritual baths. 3.6 Illustrations of some of these memorials are attached at Appendix 5 and a list of memorials in Edinburgh is at Appendix 2. 3.7 In Australia, the Office of Australian War Graves (OAWG) has co-ordinated the provision of Gardens of Remembrance in communities across the country. Appendix 3 includes a synopsis of the purpose and management of these, together with photographs of the most recent example, in Australian Capital Territory (ACT). 2 A New Memorial for Edinburgh 3.8 A number of options were considered in relation to the purpose of this memorial. In light of the decisions taken by the Council, I believe it is appropriate that all those from Edinburgh who have fallen in war should be commemorated. This would allow for the fallen from past conflicts, together with those from present and future wars and peacekeeping operations, to be commemorated. 3.9 As a result of this process, the working group came to recognise the value of a memorial which would celebrate the spirit and unity of the community. 3.10 The National Memorial Arboretum in Staffordshire, the centrepiece of which is the Armed Forces Memorial, was of particular interest. Appendix 4 gives some information about the nature of this very special place. 3.1 I With its combination of formal memorials and a parkland setting, it provides many opportunities for the fallen of all conflicts to be remembered in peace and tranquillity. It also provides for individuals and groups to be remembered in a distinct way. 3.1 2 The Australian model could be altered to suit a city centre location, in Princes Street Gardens - either a formal Garden of Remembrance or an area of the existing gardens adapted to include provision for the commemoration of named individuals and groups. 3.1 3 After examining all the options, I endorse the working group’s conclusion that a memorial setting of an appropriate scale could be created in West Princes Street Gardens. Subject to the views of Historic Scotland, the intention would be to commission design work to explore the potential for a memorial based around the three listed shelters on the upper level of the Gardens. While these are currently in poor condition, they are B listed structures and, if linked, would be capable of accommodating the Garden of Remembrance created to the east of the Scott Monument for Armistice Day every year. This would provide a suitable city centre site, appropriate to its solemn purpose, and has the potential to match the best existing memorials, which combine artistic and aesthetic merit with remembrance and reconciliation. 3.14 In addition, a proposal is being considered for the development of an arboretum on land between Greendykes and Edmonstone as .part of the re-development of Craigmillar. This could be developed as a memorial arboretum, along the lines of that in Staffordshire. Although on the edge of the city, it is on main transport routes and would have outstanding views northwards across the city. This should be considered further, in addition to the memorial setting in Princes Street Gardens. Commissioning a Memorial 3.15 A permanent memorial would require planning permission and fisted building consent. It would be important to ensure a memorial setting of the highest quality by employing an architect and artisvdesigner to create something suitable for this highly sensitive area in the heart of the World Heritage Site. 3 3.16 It would also be necessary to produce a standard design for the commemoration of named individuals, groups, units or organisations. 3.1 7 A Memorial Arboretum would need to be planned in conjunction with the partners and appropriate stakeholders. Guidance on the design and placement of memorials would be required. Site Management 3.1 8 If the Council agrees to proceed with a permanent Memorial Setting, there will need to be an appropriate mechanism put in place to receive and consider nominations for recognition. From a point of view of public expectation, this should be handled through the Lord Provost's Office, with decisions made by the Council. 3.19 It is proposed, however, that Corporal Mark Wright GC be admitted as the first d ed icatee , 4 Consultation 4.1 Initial consultation with the parents of Corporal Mark Wright GC has indicated a strong preference for a city centre site, preferably in Princes Street Gardens. 4.2 Any move to create a new memorial is sensitive and will need to be the subject of further consultation with representatives of veterans' organisations and families. Depending on the site or sites chosen, there may also need to be discussions with other interested groups and organisations, including government agencies. In particular, I intend to invite Historic Scotland to be involved in any developments involving the three listed shelters on the upper level of Princes Street Gardens. 5 Financial Implications 5.1 The Council will need to take responsibility for the tong term upkeep of the site in Princes Street Gardens and the memorials in place there. Revenue funding will need to be identified for this ongoing maintenance, as this cannot readily be contained within existing budgets. It is anticipated that the memorials themselves will be financed by public subscription. In addition, the creation of a permanent Memorial Setting will require substantial funding, which would be likely to come from a mixture of sources. 5.2 Funding will need to be identified to commission the design for the memorial setting. Past experience indicates a likely cost in the order of f20,OOO. This will be identified by the Directors of City Development, Corporate Services and Services for Communities and split equally across the three departments.
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