Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee

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Conservation Management Zones of Australia

Prepared by the Department of the Environment Acknowledgements This project and its associated products are the result of collaboration between the Department of the Environment’s Biodiversity Conservation Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of Environment (DotE), Department of Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the academic community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE; Nyree Stenekes and Robert Kancans (DoA), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson (ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice.

Special thanks to CSIRO researchers Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns underpinned identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia.

Image Credits Front Cover: Lucky Bay, Cape Le Grand National Park – Georgina Steytler, www.wildandendangered.com.au Page 4: Chudditch, Western quoll (Dasyurus geoffroii) – Todd R Soderquist Page 10: Western Australian Christmas tree (Nuytsia floribunda), Cape Le Grand National Park – Tourism Western Australia Page 14: View from East Mount Barren, Fitzgerald River National Park – Tourism Western Australia Page 15: Rossiter Bay, Cape Le Grand National Park – Tourism Western Australia Page 16: Jewel Beetle, Fitzgerald River National Park – Georgina Steytler, www.wildandendangered.com.au Page 17: Monjebub Reserve – Jessica Wyld, Bush Heritage Australia Page 19: Western Ground Parrot, Kyloring (Pezoporus flaviventris) – B. Barrett, DPaW Page 20: Numbat (Myrmecobius fasciatus) – Georgina Steytler, www.wildandendangered.com.au Page 23: Western Bristlebird (Dasyornis longirostris) – Georgina Steytler, www.wildandendangered.com.au Page 28: Dibbler (Parantechinus apicalis) – Perth Zoo Page 29: Mallee with a dense shrubby understorey (Eucalyptus aquilina), Cape le Grand National Park – Brooker and Kleinig Page 30: Other shrublands, Fitzgerald River National Park – Murray Fagg Page 31: Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey – Murray Fagg Page 32: Open mallee woodlands and sparse mallee shrublands (Eucalyptus staeri) – Brooker and Kleinig Page 33: Mallee with hummock grass – Murray Fagg Back Cover: Lucky Bay, Cape Le Grand National Park – Georgina Steytler, www.wildandendangered.com.au

The Conservation Management Zones of Australia profile is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons By Attribution 3.0 Australia licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people.

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Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Contents

Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country ��2 Introduction ��2 Zone at a glance ��3 Population characteristics ��6 Employment, volunteering and incomes ��9 Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice ��11 Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas �� 13 Zone vegetation characteristics �� 14 Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands �� 16 World and National Heritage ��17 Major National Reserve System properties �� 18 EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities �� 19 EPBC Act (1999) threatened species �� 20 EPBC Act (1999) migratory species �� 24 Threatened endemic species ��25 Invasive species �� 27 Vegetation profiles and management recommendations �� 28

Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country The Australian Government acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to Elders past and present of our nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. We honour the deep spiritual, cultural and customary connections of Traditional Owners to the Australian landscape, including Australia’s waterways, land and sea country.

Introduction The 23 Conservation Management Zones of Australia are geographic areas, classified according to their ecological and threat characteristics. The zones are also aligned with the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia.

The Conservation Management Zones provide a way of understanding Australia’s natural environment that will assist in long-term conservation planning and help the Australian Government to better design, deliver and report on Natural Resource Management (NRM) investments, including ensuring alignment of national NRM priorities with local action.

The Conservation Management Zones also provide a filter through which to make national environmental and socio-economic data more accessible and comprehensible, and a framework for gathering on-ground knowledge and expertise about the environment. This will improve information flow to the Australian Government about regional NRM requirements, best practice management, emerging NRM issues and knowledge gaps.

The Conservation Management Zones do not represent any change to existing administrative boundaries or governance structures, but aim to support the NRM and wider community to cooperatively manage environmental assets across boundaries, where they share common threats, ecological characteristics and stakeholders.

Each Conservation Management Zone profile contains a standard suite of nationally available ecological and socio-economic information. We hope that this information will enable Australians of all ages and backgrounds to engage with, understand and appreciate Australian landscapes, and support all Australians to manage our natural resources more effectively.

The profile information provides an indicative, high-level stock-take of the environmental and socio-economic landscape and it is not intended to be comprehensive. It should also be noted that, at present, the profiles contain only limited information on aquatic ecosystems, coastal assets and Indigenous land management practices. In future, consultation and comprehensive literature reviews will enable us to provide more complete information.

2 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Zone at a glance

Area of zone: Population density: 2,921,327 hectares

% of Australia: 0.58 people 0.38% per square kilometre

Zone population characteristics Zone employment characteristics 20,000

3.4% 16,000 16,622

12,000

Number of people 8,000

4,000

0 otal T er 65 Ov a second language English as

ndigenous 96.6% I outh (15–24) Y

Employed Unemployed

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

3 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Regional Centres Population Top five agricultural commodities Value (millions) Esperance 9,902 Cereals for grain $45 Bremer Bay 205 Beef $28 Hopetoun 789 Oilseeds $26 Jerramungup 268 Wool $14 Ravensthorpe 388 Lamb $11 Total value of agricultural commodities (including other $152 Natural Resource Management (NRM) regions commodities not listed here) South Coast NRM WA

Climate characteristics* Mean annual temperature 15.7 Celsius Mean Maximum of the Hottest Month 27.1 Celsius Mean Minimum of the Coldest Month 6.2 Celsius Mean Annual Rainfall 482.0 mm

Dominant rainfall season Winter

* The figures are interpolated 75-year means (1921 to 1995) representing the period prior to the onset of rapid climatic warming. Cited in: Williams KJ, Belbin L, Austin MP, Stein J, Ferrier S (2012) Which environmental variables should I use in my biodiversity model? International Journal of Geographic Information Sciences 26(11), 2009–2047. (Data derived from Australian Climate surfaces version 2.1 for the ANUCLIM-BIOCLIM package). For future climate projections please refer to: http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

4 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee National Reserve System area Native Title area

Although there have been no Native Title Determinations finalised within this Conservation Management Zone, it continues to represent important 28.87% Indigenous heritage values and places that are of deep significance to Indigenous persons and their practices, observations, customs, beliefs and history.

71.13%

NRS area Other area

Native vegetation clearance level Number of threatened species by class

3 3 13 1

51.40% 48.60% 26

Cleared (ha) Uncleared (ha) Plants Birds Mammals Reptiles Sharks Fish

Status of EPBC Act listed threatened species, communities and migratory species

Vulnerable species 55

Endangered species 63

Critically endangered species 9

Conservation dependent 2

Migratory species 56

Threatened ecological 1 communities

0.000000 9.285714 18.571429 27.857143 37.142857 46.428571 55.714286

Source: Based on data from the National Native Title Register; Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD); National Vegetation Information System (NVIS); Species’ Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT).

5 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Population characteristics

Population

Population by age group Indigenous population by age group

14% 22% 21% 2% 30%

11% 35% 18%

18% 29%

0–14 years 15–24 years 25–39 years 0–14 years 15–24 years 25–39 years 40–64 years 65 years and over 40–64 years 65 years and over

Farmer and farm managers by age group Gender of farmers and farm managers

4% 12%

309 25%

799

59%

15–24 years 25–39 years Male Female 40–64 years 65 years and over

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

6 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Languages spoken at home English 90.78% Other languages 3.27% Not stated 5.92%

Non-English languages spoken at home* Indigenous languages spoken at home**

3.69% 7.20%

6.09% 1.29%

43%

47.05% 16.61% 1.29% 1.66% 3.51% 57%

11.62%

Northern European Western Desert Language (including Scandinavia, Celtic, Germanic, Dutch) Other non-speci ed Australian Indigenous Languages Southern European Eastern European ** Please note, these gures are based on the proportion of the population who indicated in the 2011 ABS Census Central Asian, Turkic, Iranic and Semitic that they spoke an Indigenous language at home. Southern Asian, Dravidan and Indo-Ayran South-East Asian East Asian Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander African Paci c / Oceanic

* Please note, these gures are based on the proportion of the population who indicated in the 2011 ABS Census that they spoke a language other than English at home.

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

7 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Education

Highest level of educational attainment Highest level of educational attainment – total population – Indigenous community

45% 45%

40% 40%

35% 35%

30% 30%

25% 25%

20% 20%

15% 15%

10% 10%

5% 5%

0% l 0% l e e e e w w ve ve Le Le ti cat ti cat /Not stated /Not stated ti cate ti cate ee/Graduat ee/Graduat ee/Advanced ee/Advanced ears 11 and 12 ears 11 and 12 Y Y Cer Cer ears 10 or belo ears 10 or belo Y Y Diploma and Diploma and School School nadequately described nadequately described I I School School No Educational Attainment No Educational Attainment Bachelor Degr Bachelor Degr ostgraduate Degr ostgraduate Degr Diploma & Graduate Cer Diploma & Graduate Cer P P 15–24 years 25–39 years 15–24 years 25–39 years 40–64 years 65 years and over 40–64 years 65 years and over

Highest level of educational attainment Post-school qualication types* – farmers and farm managers 700 60% 600

50% 500

40% 400

30% 300

200 20%

100 10% 0 0% l e e w ve 65 years Le ti cat and above /Not stated 40–64 years old 25–39 years old 15–24 years old ti cate ee/Graduat ee/Advanced ears 11 and 12 Y Cer ears 10 or belo Y Natural and Physical Sciences Diploma and School

nadequately described Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies I School

No Educational Attainment Health and education Bachelor Degr ostgraduate Degr Diploma & Graduate Cer

P Architecture, building, society and culture and creative arts 15–24 years 25–39 years Information Technology, Management 40–64 years 65 years and over and Commerce and service industries

* Please note, this table omits quali cations of mixed eld, quali cations that are not adequately described, and information relating to census respondents who have not stated their quali cation or are not applicable (i.e. Not of age to have post-school quali cation). Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

8 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Employment, volunteering and incomes

Employment

Employment status of general population* Employment by industry 90%

80% 6% 70% 19% 11% 2% 60%

50%

40% 7% 30% 13% 20% 4%

10%

0% 4% 18%

65 years 16% and above 15–24 years old 25–39 years old 40–64 years old

Employed Agriculture, forestry and sheries Unemployed Mining Not in labour force or not stated Manufacturing Utilities, construction and transport Employment* Please note the %status gures are of relative general to each population* of the age groupings of the population. The categories above are Employmentaggregates of the following status Au ofstra Indigenouslian Bureau of Statis population*tics categories: Employed = Employed full-time;Health, Employed Social par Assistance,t-time; Education and training and Employed away from work. Unemployed = Unemployed looking for full-time work; and Unemployed looking for part-time 90%80% Public administration and safety work. Not in the Labour Force or Not Stated = Not in the Labour Force; and Not Stated. Please note the ‘not applicable’ 80% Wholesale and retail trade 70%category has been omitted from the analysis. Not applicable applies to the proportion of the population that is not of working age (e.g. 0–15 year olds and retired). ABS 2011 Census Labour Force data has been utilised for Serthisvices report, 70% as the national quarterly employment gures are derived from a relatively small sample of the population. 60% Food, accommodation, arts and recreation 60% 50% Unknown/not stated 50% 40% 40% 30%30%

20%20%

10%10%

0% 0% 65 years 65 years and above and above ndigenous ndigenous ndigenous ndigenous I I I I 15–24 years old 25–39 years old 40–64 years old 15–24 years old 40–64 years old 25–39 years old

EmployeEmployed d UnemployeUnemployed d Not Notin labour in labour force fo orrce not or statednot stated * Please note the % gures are relative to each of the age groupings of the population. The categories above are aggregates of the following Australian Bureau of Statistics categories: Employed = Employed full-time; Employed part-time; and Employed away from work. Unemployed = Unemployed looking for full-time work; and Unemployed looking for part-time work. Not in the Labour Force or Not Stated = Not in the Labour Force; and Not Stated. Please note the ‘not applicable’ category has been omitted from the analysis. Not applicable applies to the proportion of the population that is not of working age (e.g. 0–15 year olds and retired). ABS 2011 Census Labour Force data has been utilised for this report, as the national quarterly employment gures are derived from a relatively small sample of the population.

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

9 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Volunteering Income

Volunteering rates Total household income (% of households)*

80%

70% 13.5% 20.6% 60%

50% 5%

40%

30% 12.8% 20%

10%

65 years 48.2% and above 40–64 years old 25–39 years old 15–24 years old

Not a volunteer Under $20,800 $20,800–64,999 $65,000–$103,999 Volunteer Over $104,000 Not Stated/Partially Stated Not stated or not applicable * Please note these gures have been derived from the ABS Equivalised Total Household Income (HIED)Census 2011 data. ABS data categories have been aggregated for the purposes of this report. For more information see: http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome. nsf/home/statementsdwellinghied?opendocument&navpos=430 In the 2011–12 nancial year, persons who earned $67,500 or less were eligible for Low Income Tax Oset. Human Services applied the following de nitions of “low income” as eligibility criteria for the Low Income Supplement in the 2012–13 nancial year: Income below $30,000 for singles, $45,000 combined for couples, or $60,000 combined for couples or singles with a dependent child.

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

10 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice Australian farmers manage over 60% of the Australian continent and shoulder much of the burden of responsibility for maintaining and protecting Australia’s natural resource wealth. The information contained in this profile aims to assist the wider community, non-governmental organisations and government agencies to support Australia’s key environmental custodians.

Number of people employed in agriculture, shing, forestry and downstream industries

Agriculture industries 1,352 (production)

Agriculture downstream industries, including services, 154 food and beverage

Fishing industry, including production and downstream seafood 49204 processing and wholesaling

Forestry industry, including production, logging, sawmilling and downstream wood and 9 paper product manufacturing

Agricultural commodity values

Value of agricultural commodities^ $50

$45

$40

$35

$30

$25 illions M $20

$15

$10

$0 y y rk ol rui t ops Ha Po F Beef Nuts Eggs Wo Dair Lamb r grain e cr or seed Oilseeds oadacr gume fo Cereals for grain or consumptio n Le egetables f V ther br O Nurseries and cut owers egetables f V

^ Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced. The value estimates in this publication are derived by the multiplication of price and quantity estimates of agricultural commodities. Price information is estimated based on the average unit value of a given commodity realised in the market place. For more information please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Lookup/7503.0Explanatory%20Notes12010-11?OpenDocument

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

11 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice

Feral animal control* Native vegetation protection and regeneration* (% of agricultural holdings) (% of agricultural holdings) 100% 2.5% 90% 80% 2.0% 70% 60% 1.5%

50% 40% 1.0% 30% 20% 0.5% 10% 0% 0.0% e ol tio n ther O essur eral goats F eral animals cluding stock of f No management ther (unspeci ed) Managing weeds eral animal contr f O Stopping mechanical or chemical destruc Reducing grazing pr encing o /ex F

* Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2012 Land Management Practices Survey (LaMPS) 2012. LaMPS collected land practices information from approximately 50,000 farm businesses across Australia. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units and Australian Agricultural Environment units. The % figures presented here are indicative only. For more information on LaMPS please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/4630.0

Sought advice when adopting Sources of advice**^ native vegetation management**

48.69% 51.31% s s s s s s s No No No No No No No Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye oup oup egion nment ch and ver tion gr e or farmer rmer gr Go Resear Fa A/NRM r tension ocer oduc ex CM pr ivate consultant or agribusiness agent eers or neighbours Landcar employed facilitator P Pr

Yes No elopment Corporation Dev

** The sample for the Drivers of Practice Change 2012 survey consisted of a random subsample of 1228 broadacre farm managers from the Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS) frame. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units. For this reason, the figures presented here are indicative only. ^ This chart indicates the sources of advice utilised for native vegetation management from respondents who identified they sought advice. For more information please refer to http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domestic-forestry/prep-for-future/drivers-practice-change.pdf

12 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas

Land tenure Land use

2.07% 1% 1.92% 1% 2%

43.60% 44% 49.78% 52%

2.45% 0.17%

Crown Land – Private – Leased Cropping and Horticulture Crown Land – Public Conservation and Natural Environments Crown Land – Public – Leased Grazing Modi ed Pastures Freehold – Leased Plantation Forestry Freehold – Unknown Other No Data/Unknown

Source: Land tenure data based on Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN) categorisation of Public Sector Mapping Authority (PSMA) State Tenure 2012; Land use mapping based on Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program (ACLUMP) 2012. For more information on Australian land use and management information and classification please refer to: http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/Pages/Default.aspx

Indigenous Land Councils Goldfields Land and Sea Council: www.glsc.com.au South-West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council: http://www.noongar.org.au

Although there have been no Native Title Determinations finalised within this Conservation Management Zone, it continues to represent important Indigenous heritage values and places that are of deep significance to Indigenous persons and their practices, observations, customs, beliefs and history.

Local Government Areas Local Government Areas Shire Of Gnowangerup WA Shire Of Jerramungup WA Shire Of Lake Grace WA City Of Albany WA Shire Of Broomehill-Tambellup WA Shire Of Ravensthorpe WA Shire Of Cranbrook WA Shire Of Dundas WA Shire Of Plantagenet WA Shire Of Esperance WA

13 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Zone vegetation characteristics

Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVS) with >1% original distribution within zone 80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0% , ry ey ey ey e, sand ther shrublands O , claypan, mud at Malle with an open ck Naturally bar shrubby understor shrubby understoe ro Eucalyptus woodlands Malle with a dense Malle with hummock grass with a shrubby understor Opem mallee woodlands and an open shrubby understor sparse mallee shrublands with

Pre 1750 percentage of CMZ area Present day percentage of CMZ area

14 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee The National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) framework is a nationally consistent vegetation classification system based on vegetation data collected by states and territories. It provides information on the extent and distribution of vegetation types across the Australian landscape.

Two products are used to provide the Zone Vegetation Characteristics graph. A modelled pre-European vegetation distribution (pre-1750), and extant (current extent) vegetation, which is based on contemporary vegetation mapping. The information presented here relates to Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVSs). There are 85 MVS types across Australia, describing the structure and floristic composition of dominant and secondary vegetation stratums (e.g. canopy and mid-storey species). Major Vegetation Subgroups only reflect the dominant vegetation type occurring in an area from a mix of vegetation types. Less-dominant vegetation groups which may also be present are therefore not represented.

It is important to note that the vegetation information is indicative only, as state and territory mapping in Australia is of variable resolution and scale. However, this data is the best available nationally consistent information on vegetation, and the dataset continues to evolve and increase in accuracy.

Analysing this information at Conservation Management Zone, rather than national level provides greater discrimination for decision makers, as clearance levels of vegetation types are not uniform across Australia. For example, eucalypt woodlands with a tussock grass understory is a vegetation type found across Australia. In the Brigalow Woodlands Conservation Management Zone, eucalypt open woodlands with a tussock grass understory originally covered approximately 36% of the zone, but today it only covers only 14.5 % of the zone (58.7% of this vegetation community has been cleared in the Brigalow). In the Northern Australia Tropical Savannah zone, this vegetation type originally occupied 19.6% of the zone. Today, it occupies approximately 19.4% of the zone (only 2.3% of this vegetation type has been cleared). It should be noted that this data only provides an indication of change in extent, and not vegetation condition.

For more information on the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-information-system

15 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands

Ramsar wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares

Lake Gore WA 4,000 For more information on Ramsar please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-our- Lake Warden System WA 2,000 environment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands

Nationally Important Wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares Criteria Balicup Lake System WA 286 1, 4, 5 Culham Inlet System WA 1,224 1, 3, 4, 6 Fitzgerald Inlet System WA 1,127 1, 3, 5, 6 Lake Gore System WA 2,187 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Lake Warden System WA 1,045 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Mortijinup Lake System WA 909 1, 3, 6 Pink Lake WA 1,038 1, 5, 6 Yellilup Yate Swamp System WA 756 1, 2, 3, 6

Nationally important wetlands are defined according to the following criteria: 1. It is a good example of a wetland type occurring within a biogeographic region in Australia. 2. It is a wetland which plays an important ecological or hydrological role in the natural functioning of a major wetland system/complex. 3. It is a wetland which is important as the habitat for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or provides a refuge when adverse conditions such as drought prevail. 4. The wetland supports 1% or more of the national populations of any native plant or animal taxa. 5. The wetland supports native plant or animal taxa or communities which are considered endangered or vulnerable at the national level. 6. The wetland is of outstanding historical or cultural significance. Please note, the above are a subset of all the Nationally Important Wetlands found within the Zone. For more information on Nationally Important Wetlands please see: http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directory-important-wetlands-australia-third-edition

16 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee World and National Heritage

Heritage Heritage values World or National type Jurisdiction Hectares % of zone Cheetup Rock Shelter National Indigenous WA 135,857 4.65 Stirling Range National Natural WA 108,210 3.70 National Park Please refer to the Australian Heritage Database for detailed information on listing criteria for these heritage values: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-heritage-database For more information on Australia’s world and national heritage please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage

17 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Major National Reserve System properties

Major National Reserve System properties IUCN Name Property type Jurisdiction Hectares % of zone category Fitzgerald River National Park II WA 285,613 9.78 Nuytsland Nature Reserve IA WA 157,120 5.38 Cape Arid National Park II WA 156,479 5.36 Stirling Range National Park II WA 107,952 3.70 Cape Le Grand National Park II WA 30,789 1.05 Lake Shaster Nature Reserve IA WA 10,786 0.37 Stokes National Park II WA 9,976 0.34 Fitzgerald River National Park II WA 9,009 0.31 Jerdacuttup Lakes Nature Reserve IA WA 7,586 0.26 Recherche Archipelago Nature Reserve IA WA 6,794 0.23 Unnamed WA26885 Nature Reserve IA WA 5,577 0.19 Unnamed WA27888 Nature Reserve IA WA 4,538 0.16 Corackerup Nature Reserve IA WA 4,333 0.15 Helms Arboretum Miscellaneous Reserve VI WA 3,758 0.13 Camel Lake Nature Reserve IA WA 3,216 0.11 Waychinicup National Park II WA 3,125 0.11 Unnamed WA31424 Nature Reserve IA WA 2,790 0.10 Dunn Rock Nature Reserve IA WA 2,784 0.10 Kundip Nature Reserve IA WA 2,170 0.07 Mullet Lake Nature Reserve IA WA 1,893 0.06

The IUCN categories are as follows: Ia Strict Nature Reserve IUCN protected area management categories Ib Wilderness Area classify protected areas according to their II National Park management objectives. The categories are recognised by international bodies such as III Natural Monument or Feature the United Nations and are utilised by many IV Habitat/Species Management Area national governments, including the Australian V Protected Landscape/ Seascape Government, as the global standard for VI Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources defining and recording protected areas.

Please refer to the IUCN website for further explanation: http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/ For more information on Australia’s National Reserve System please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system

Source: Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database 2012.

18 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities

Threatened ecological communities Name Listing status % of total distribution* % of zone** Eastern Stirling Range Montane Endangered 100 0.02 Heath and Thicket Proteaceae Dominated Kwongkan Shrublands of the Southeast Coastal Floristic Province of Endangered 82.34 33.41 Western Australia * % of the total national distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the Threatened Ecological Community that is found within the zone. ** % of the total zone area describes the proportion of the zone that the Threatened Ecological Community is likely or known to occur in.

It should be noted that the identification of any given Threatened Ecological Community above does not imply that the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. Rather, the % of the TEC’s total distribution (*) within the zone is an indication of its importance to that zone in terms of conservation efforts. The % of the zone (**) indicates how rare, or difficult the ecological community may be to find within the zone.

The threatened ecological communities above are listed underThe Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), which is the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. For more information, please refer to http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities

19 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee EPBC Act (1999) threatened species

Threatened mammals % of total % of Common name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Dibbler Parantechinus apicalis Endangered 98.64 49.16 Recherche Rock-wallaby Petrogale lateralis hacketti Vulnerable 97.29 0.03 Dayang, Heath Rat Pseudomys shortridgei Vulnerable 31.22 10.57 Numbat Myrmecobius fasciatus Vulnerable 19.60 3.70 Chuditch, Western Quoll Dasyurus geoffroii Vulnerable 17.54 99.12 Black-flanked Rock-wallaby Petrogale lateralis lateralis Vulnerable 8.22 1.07 Red-tailed Phascogale Phascogale calura Endangered 1.21 0.53 May be May be Quokka Setonix brachyurus Vulnerable present* present* May be May be Western Ringtail Possum Pseudocheirus occidentalis Vulnerable present present Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus Endangered n/a n/a Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis Endangered n/a n/a Australian Sea-lion Neophoca cinerea Vulnerable n/a n/a Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Vulnerable n/a n/a

* Population in Stirling Ranges National Park, otherwise thought to be locally extinct.

20 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Threatened birds % of total % of Common name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Critically Western Ground Parrot, Kyloring Pezoporus flaviventris 96.86 13.46 Endangered Western Bristlebird Dasyornis longirostris Vulnerable 77.84 17.88 Western Whipbird (western heath) Psophodes nigrogularis nigrogularis Endangered 74.93 1.40 Cape Barren Goose (south-western), Cereopsis novaehollandiae grisea Vulnerable 69.73 31.46 Recherche Cape Barren Goose Carnaby’s Black-Cockatoo, Calyptorhynchus latirostris Endangered 12.66 95.58 Short-billed Black-Cockatoo Noisy Scrub-bird, Tjimiluk Atrichornis clamosus Vulnerable 8.37 0.54 Baudin’s Black-Cockatoo, Calyptorhynchus baudinii Vulnerable 4.24 8.28 Long-billed Black-Cockatoo Malleefowl Leipoa ocellata Vulnerable 1.25 45.66 Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus Endangered 0.9 11.37 Australian Fairy Tern Sternula nereis nereis Vulnerable 0.77 1.52 May be May be Forest Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus banksii naso Vulnerable present present May be May be Slender-billed Thornbill (western) Acanthiza iredalei iredalei Vulnerable present present Tristan Albatross Diomedea exulans exulans Endangered n/a n/a Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus Endangered n/a n/a Northern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora sanfordi Endangered n/a n/a Indian Yellow-nosed Albatross Thalassarche carteri Vulnerable n/a n/a Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halli Vulnerable n/a n/a Antipodean Albatross Diomedea exulans antipodensis Vulnerable n/a n/a Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans (sensu lato) Vulnerable n/a n/a Soft-plumaged Petrel Pterodroma mollis Vulnerable n/a n/a Campbell Albatross Thalassarche melanophris impavida Vulnerable n/a n/a Blue Petrel Halobaena caerulea Vulnerable n/a n/a Southern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora epomophora Vulnerable n/a n/a Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross Thalassarche cauta cauta Vulnerable n/a n/a White-capped Albatross Thalassarche cauta steadi Vulnerable n/a n/a Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris Vulnerable n/a n/a

Threatened reptiles % of total % of Common Name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta Endangered n/a n/a Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea Endangered n/a n/a Green Turtle Chelonia mydas Vulnerable n/a n/a

21 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Other threatened fauna % of total % of Common name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Spotted Galaxias (western subspecies), Critically Western Spotted Galaxias, Galaxias truttaceus hesperius 9.71 0.05 Endangered Western Trout Galaxias Carcharias taurus (west Grey Nurse Shark (west coast population) Vulnerable n/a n/a coast population) Whale Shark Rhincodon typus Vulnerable n/a n/a Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias Vulnerable n/a n/a

Threatened flora % of total % of Common Name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Coast Featherflower Verticordia helichrysantha Vulnerable 100.0 1.71 Critically Large-flowered Scaevola Scaevola macrophylla 100.0 0.05 Endangered Critically Maroon-flowered Daviesia Daviesia glossosema 100.0 0.06 Endangered Giant Andersonia Andersonia axilliflora Endangered 100.0 0.28 Stirling Range Beard Heath Leucopogon gnaphalioides Endangered 100.0 1.32 Fan-leaf Grevillea Grevillea infundibularis Endangered 100.0 0.14 Kundip Wattle Acacia rhamphophylla Endangered 100.0 0.10 Burdett Gum Eucalyptus burdettiana Endangered 100.0 0.02 Mauve Coopernookia Coopernookia georgei Endangered 100.0 0.67 Stirling Range Dryandra Banksia montana Endangered 100.0 0.12 Hairy-fruited Billardiera Marianthus mollis Endangered 100.0 0.48 Paddle-leaf Daviesia Daviesia obovata Endangered 100.0 0.05 Bremer Boronia Boronia clavata Endangered 100.0 0.67 Small-flowered Snottygobble Persoonia micranthera Endangered 100.0 0.70 Stirling Range Daviesia Daviesia pseudaphylla Endangered 100.0 0.16 Long-sepalled Daviesia Daviesia megacalyx Endangered 100.0 0.77 Yellow Mountain Triggerplant Stylidium galioides Vulnerable 100.0 0.67 Success Bell, Red Mountain Bell Darwinia nubigena Vulnerable 100.0 0.19 Crowned Mallee Eucalyptus coronata Vulnerable 100.0 0.10 Oval-leaf Adenanthos Adenanthos ellipticus Vulnerable 100.0 0.11 Fringed Mountain Bell, Darwinia squarrosa Vulnerable 100.0 0.29 Pink Mountain Bell Stirling Range Xyris Xyris exilis Vulnerable 100.0 1.17 Stirling Range Wattle Acacia awestoniana Vulnerable 100.0 0.07 None Verticordia crebra Vulnerable 100.0 5.49 Critically Cactus Dryandra Banksia anatona 100.0 2.29 Endangered

22 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Threatened flora % of total % of Common Name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Fitzgerald Woollybush Adenanthos dobagii Endangered 100.0 10.07 Twin Peak Island Mallee Eucalyptus insularis Endangered 99.9 0.25 Maxwell’s Grevillea Grevillea maxwellii Endangered 99.9 1.69 Little Pine Verticordia, Verticordia pityrhops Endangered 99.5 0.03 Pine-like Featherflower Lambertia echinata Prickly Honeysuckle Endangered 99.5 1.41 subsp. echinata Drummond’s Grass, Drummond Grass Deyeuxia drummondii Endangered 96.6 1.65 Fairall’s Honeysuckle Lambertia fairallii Endangered 96.2 1.31 Stirling Range Featherflower Verticordia carinata Vulnerable 95.8 3.87 Sandplain Sun-orchid Thelymitra psammophila Vulnerable 95.8 25.58 Critically Yellow-leafed Gastrolobium Gastrolobium luteifolium 95.5 1.18 Endangered False Plumed-Banksia Banksia pseudoplumosa Endangered 95.4 8.71 Eremophila denticulata Fitzgerald Eremophila Vulnerable 94.3 7.48 subsp. denticulata Gillham’s Bell Darwinia oxylepis Endangered 91.6 3.83 Wittwer’s Mountain Bell Darwinia wittwerorum Endangered 90.0 4.07

* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone. ** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in. The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone. The above species are listed under TheEnvironment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. Please note that the list of threatened flora species is not comprehensive. The flora listed here have a significant proportion of their total national distribution within the zone. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species or the Species Profiles and Threats Database http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl

23 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee EPBC Act (1999) migratory species

Migratory birds Migratory birds Common name Scientific name Common name Scientific name Antipodean Albatross Diomedea antipodensis Little Curlew, Numenius minutus Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica Little Whimbrel Thalassarche melanophris Marsh Sandpiper, Black-browed Albatross Tringa stagnatilis Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa Little Greenshank Bridled Tern Sterna anaethetus Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halli Broad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellus Northern Royal Albatross Diomedea sanfordi Oriental Plover, Campbell Albatross Thalassarche impavida Charadrius veredus Caspian Tern Sterna caspia Oriental Dotterel Cattle Egret Ardea ibis Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea Red Knot, Knot Calidris canutus Double-banded Plover Charadrius bicinctus Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres Flesh-footed Shearwater, Sanderling Calidris alba Puffinus carneipes Fleshy-footed Shearwater Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus Short-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris Great Egret, White Egret Ardea alba Shy Albatross, Thalassarche cauta Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris Tasmanian Shy Albatross (sensu stricto) Greater Sand Plover, Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus Charadrius leschenaultii Large Sand Plover Southern Diomedea epomophora Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola Royal Albatross (sensu stricto) Grey-tailed Tattler Heteroscelus brevipes Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus Indian Tristan Albatross Diomedea dabbenena Thalassarche carteri Diomedea exulans Yellow-nosed Albatross Wandering Albatross Lesser Sand Plover, (sensu lato) Charadrius mongolus White-bellied Mongolian Plover Haliaeetus leucogaster Sea-Eagle White-capped Albatross Thalassarche steadi

Other migratory species Common name Scientific name Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus Bryde’s Whale Balaenoptera edeni Dusky Dolphin Lagenorhynchus obscurus Green Turtle Chelonia mydas Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Killer Whale, Orca Orcinus orca Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta Porbeagle, Mackerel Shark Lamna nasus Pygmy Right Whale Caperea marginata Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis Whale Shark Rhincodon typus Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/migratory-species

24 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Threatened endemic species

Threatened endemic species Taxonomic group Scientific name Reservation status EPBC Act status IUCN status Molluscs Bothriembryon glauerti Recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable Plants Andersonia axilliflora Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Leucopogon cryptanthus Recorded in reserves Extinct n/a Plants Acacia awestoniana Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Daviesia glossosema Recorded in reserves Critically Endangered n/a Not recorded Plants Daviesia megacalyx Endangered n/a in reserves Plants Daviesia obovata Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Daviesia pseudaphylla Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Gastrolobium luteifolium Recorded in reserves Critically Endangered n/a Plants Darwinia collina Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Darwinia nubigena Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Darwinia oxylepis Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Darwinia squarrosa Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Not recorded Plants Eucalyptus bennettiae Endangered n/a in reserves Plants Eucalyptus burdettiana Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Eucalyptus coronata Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Eucalyptus insularis Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Not recorded Plants Kunzea pauciflora Vulnerable n/a in reserves Plants Verticordia crebra Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Verticordia helichrysantha Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Verticordia pityrhops Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Xyris exilis Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Adenanthos dobagii Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Adenanthos ellipticus Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Dryandra anatona Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Dryandra montana Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Grevillea infundibularis Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Not recorded Plants Grevillea maxwellii Endangered n/a in reserves Plants Lambertia fairallii Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Persoonia micranthera Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Boronia clavata Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

25 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee http://www. -natural- The colour grids and numbers are an indication of the location and number of endemic species that have all their known range outside of the National Reserve Concentrations System. of unreserved endemic species may be useful focal areas for private land conservation efforts. Endemism analyses were provided by the Australian Government Department of Environment Australian Natural Heritage Assessment Tool (ANHAT). The ANHAT database has been compiled from specimens and site records held in state agency wildlife atlases, museum collections, and the work of individual researchers. For more information please refer to: environment.gov.au/topics/ heritage/publications- and-resources/ australian heritage-assessment-tool s n s l e de ds s ce ie d ve ra lu th . rd

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26 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Invasive species

Invasive mammals Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone** Rabbit, European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 0.53 Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat Felis catus 0.38 99.72 Red Fox, Fox Vulpes vulpes 0.47 99.71 House Mouse Mus musculus 0.7 85.61 Goat Capra hircus 0.44 32.04 Domestic Dog Canis lupus familiaris 0.35 30.19 Black Rat, Ship Rat Rattus rattus 0.7 26.66 Pig Sus scrofa 0.17 21.05 Feral deer species in Australia Feral deer 1.07 14.01

Other invasive fauna Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone** Laughing Turtle-dove, Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis 4.63 49.31 Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris 0.47 34.63 Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon Columba livia 0.42 36.28 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 0.59 14.28

Invasive flora Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone** Bridal Creeper, Bridal Veil Creeper, Asparagus asparagoides 3.46 97.16 Smilax, Florist’s Smilax, Smilax Asparagus Blackberry, European Blackberry Rubus fruticosus aggregate 1.38 39.26 Athel Pine, Athel Tree, Tamarisk, Athel Tamarisk, Athel Tamarix, Desert Tamarisk, Tamarix aphylla 1.04 25.06 Flowering Cypress, Salt Cedar Gorse, Furze Ulex europaeus 0.94 12.88 African Boxthorn, Boxthorn Lycium ferocissimum 0.69 12.49 Willows except Weeping Willow, Salix spp. except S.babylonica, S.x 0.13 2.89 Pussy Willow and Sterile Pussy Willow calodendron & S.x reichardtii Chrysanthemoides Boneseed 0.06 0.62 monilifera subsp. monilifera Lantana, Common Lantana, Kamara Lantana, Large-leaf Lantana, Pink Flowered Lantana camara 0.04 0.62 Lantana, Red Flowered Lantana, Red-Flowered Sage, White Sage, Wild Sage Flax-leaved Broom, Mediterranean Genista linifolia 0.03 0.05 Broom, Flax Broom * % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone. ** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.

It should be noted that the identification of any given invasive species above does not imply that the species is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. The % of the zone area (**) indicates how common or rare the species may be within the zone. For more information on invasive species please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species

27 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Vegetation profiles and management recommendations

Vegetation extent information and species lists contained in the vegetation profiles are based on analysis from the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS), including analysis of Major Vegetation Subgroups and NVIS Level V descriptions. Please see http://www.environment.gov.au/node/18930 for more information.

The management recommendations have been drawn from EPBC Act Recovery Plans, EPBC Act Ecological Communities Listing Advice and other sources. The recommendations are indicative only. Systematic reviews of management literature, consultation processes and improved Natural Resource Management program monitoring and evaluation will support development of a comprehensive set of management recommendations over time.

28 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Mallee with a dense shrubby understorey vegetation profile

Change in extent

67.1%

45.49% Remaining 30.5%

Commonly found species within this community Eucalyptus redunca; Eucalyptus eremophila; Eucalyptus incrassata; Eucalyptus tetragona; Eucalyptus uncinata;

Melaleuca uncinata; Melaleuca thymoides; Melaleuca y

subtrigon; Banksia media; Banksia baueri; Hakea cinerea; -1750 Pre

Lambertia inermis; Acacia bidentata; Daviesia juncea. esent da Pr

Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Retain and replant Exclude stock from Undertake active Reduce the Manage native Actively manage Manage exotic indigenous native remnants to enable restoration if there occurrence of grazing animals. weeds when herbivore species vegetation to regeneration of are few mature large fires, and Minimise the amount undertaking including goats, protect against native vegetation. overstorey species, or promote strategic of grain spilt during restoration activities sheep and dryland salinity. Create windbreaks no evidence of mosaic burns. transport through to ensure weeds rabbits especially Close or fence with mallee regeneration. Ensure mosaic burns Malleefowl habitat, do not compete near habitat for artificial sources of species to reduce Ensure seed are targeted at as foraging close for soil moisture wildlife such as water in conservation the impacts and tubestock is different age classes to roadsides leaves with vulnerable Malleefowl. reserves as of soil erosion. locally sourced of vegetation, to them susceptible native replantings. Control foxes these may attract Reduce tillage and attempt to ensure age diversity to collisions A 1-metre radius and rabbits feral animals. in zones replicate the between and within with vehicles. weed free simultaneously to Protect and, where around remnants. structure and remnant patches. Erect signs buffer should be avoid foxes switching appropriate, fence diversity of local, high Avoid clearing where needed to maintained around to predation on Avoid creating quality remnants native woody native species, or important wildlife new access tracks roadsides warn drivers habitat including on similar soils for firebreaks. that Malleefowl plant replantings. increases in rabbit and roads through and aspect. populations. for Malleefowl. remnants. Discourage may be on Apply herbicides Encourage uptake Manage wildlife broad-scale burning the road to actively growing Shooting is a suitable of conservation corridors for agricultural weeds and control for goats, agreements between remnant purposes in avoid spray drift. wallabies, goats, and covenants on patches and create areas that harbour Do not leave areas deer, hares and foxes. private land. buffer zones Malleefowl. of bare ground to Baiting is appropriate around avoid wind and for rabbits, hares remnants with water erosion of and foxes. local species. soils. Retain some weed cover and stagger removal and replacement with native grasses.

29 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Other shrublands vegetation profile

Change in extent

6.4%

65.05% 4.2% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Acacia assimilis; Hakea prostrata; Acacia drummondii; Adenanthos cuneatus; Eucalyptus eremophila; Allocasuarina acutivalvis; Agonis flexuosa; Lambertia inermis; Banksia speciosa; Darwinia vestita; y

Jacksonia horrida; Conospermum caeruleum; Dasypogon bromelifolius; -1750 Pre

Leschenaulria tubiflora; Caladenia deformis; Caustis dioica; Dampiera esent da dura; Melaleuca scabra; Melaleuca lateriflora; Melaleuca uncinata; Pr Grevillea huegelii; Grevillea pectinata; Boronia inconspicua; Acacia rostellifera; Acacia saligna. Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Encourage uptake Exclude livestock Plant local Exclude fire from Control weeds Control foxes Implement of conservation where possible. indigenous flora montane heath including bridal and rabbits hygiene practices agreements Manage total in all structural and thickets. creeper, Australian simultaneously to and manage and covenants grazing pressure. vegetation layers. Manage fires golden wattle and avoid foxes switching public access to on private land. Increase connectivity in buffer Victorian tea-tree. to predation on prevent the spread Retain and replant between remnants. zones, including Discourage planting native species, of Phytophthora or increases dieback indigenous native Ensure that any managing of invasive species in vegetation to fuel loads. farm shelterbelts or in rabbit and weeds. revegetation does populations. protect against not impact on adjacent sites. Undertake dryland salinity. local hydrology or Avoid adverse Phosphite spraying Create buffer zones threatened species. impacts from in priority areas to and fence around chemicals or other control dieback. remnants where mechanisms possible. Limit to manage weeds. vehicle access. Protect from infrastructure or development activities involving substrate or vegetation disturbance.

30 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey

Change in extent

6.2%

53.04% Remaining 3.3%

Commonly found species within this community Eucalyptus occidentalis; Eucalyptus marginata; Eucalyptus salmonophloia; Eucalyptus wandoo; Corymbia calophylla;

Allocasuarina huegeliana; Acacia acuminata; Allocasuarina y

humilis; Gahnia ancistrophylla; Grevillea huegelii; Olearia -1750 Pre muelleri; Banksia coccinea; Beaufortia heterophylla; esent da Adenanthos apiculatus; Andersonia simplex; Astroloma Pr serratifolium; Caladenia flava.

Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Encourage uptake Fence and, where Fence and exclude Reduce the If fallen timber has Monitor and manage Undertake fox and of conservation possible, exclude stock to support incidence and been removed from weeds in remnants rabbit baiting, and agreements stock from natural regeneration. extent of wildfire remnants, replace and surrounding feral cat trapping. with coarse woody and covenants remnants. Eucalypt by undertaking agricultural debris (such as Ensure foxes and on private land. regeneration is mosaic burning, lands. Minimise spray unlikely if sites have untreated railway rabbits are managed Protect from drift from adjacent been previously maintaining sleepers) as fallen Monitor and simultaneously firewood agricultural grazed or lack diversity of timber provides key actively manage to avoid foxes habitat for wildlife. harvesting and lands. understorey species. vegetation weed switching predation Natural regeneration bush rock removal. age classes Maintain and protect species in to native species or Fence paddock trees is more likely in sites in unburnt mature trees. It can which retain lichens rehabilitation increases in rabbit Retain and replant and exclude stock. take 150-180 years and mosses, as they patches. indigenous native If no saplings appear for tree hollows sites. populations. are good indicators Fire is an important to develop and vegetation to after fencing and of soil health. Moraea fugax, ecological process hollows provide protect against stock exclusion, Undertake M. collina and dryland salinity. then replant with to stimulate critical shelter for M. flaccida, revegetation regeneration. Please mammals and birds. tubestock from where no natural Hesperantha spp. locally regeneration is consult your local If few or no mature and Sparaxis spp hollow bearing trees sourced seed. possible. Ensure seed Natural Resource bulb species and tubestock is are present within Management are particularly Use shade cloth locally sourced and region for advice remnants, then place nesting boxes for problematic to construct attempt to replicate on site appropriate artificial paddock the structure mammals and birds in Wandoo and diversity of fire regimes. within remnant shade and prevent woodland local, high quality sites. Monitor these remnants. stock camping remnants on similar regularly for invasive under trees. soils and aspect. birds and feral Minimise ground Link existing honey bees. and surface water remnants through Ensure fencing is wide corridors, or extraction. wildlife friendly – through replanting no electric fencing, paddock trees. and no barbed wire.

31 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Open mallee woodlands and sparse mallee shrublands with an open shrubby understorey vegetation profile

Change in extent

52.82% Remaining 2.6%

Commonly found species within this community Eucalyptus staeri; Eucalyptus angulosa; Eucalyptus cooperiana; Eucalyptus conglobata; Eucalyptus leptocalyx; Nuytsia floribunda;

Adenanthos cuneatus; Lambertia inermis; Hakea corymbosa; y

Melaleuca pentagona; Banksia media; Banksia speciosa; Xanthorrhoea -1750 Pre preissii; Allocasuarina humilis; Isopogon axillaris; Melaleuca esent da nesophila; Acacia gonophylla; Adenanthos dobsonii; Agonis spathulata. Pr

Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Retain and replant Exclude stock from Fence and exclude Reduce the Manage native Actively manage Manage exotic indigenous native remnants to enable stock to support occurrence of grazing animals. weeds when herbivore species natural regeneration. vegetation to recruitment and large fires, and Minimise the amount undertaking including goats, Eucalypt regeneration protect against regeneration of over promote strategic of grain spilt during restoration activities sheep and is unlikely if sites dryland salinity. and under-storey mosaic burning transport through to ensure weeds rabbits especially species. have been previously techniques. do not compete for near habitat Close or fence grazed or lack Malleefowl habitat, soil moisture with for wildlife such artificial water points Create windbreaks understorey species. Ensure mosaic burns as foraging close in conservation with mallee Natural regeneration are targeted at to roadsides leaves vulnerable native as Malleefowl. reserves as these species to reduce is more likely in sites different age classes them susceptible replantings. Undertake may attract the impacts of which retain lichens of vegetation, to to collisions A 1-metre radius simultaneous fox and and mosses, as they feral predators. soil erosion. are good indicators ensure age diversity with vehicles. weed free rabbit management Protect and, where Reduce tillage of soil health. between and within Erect signs buffer should be to prevent foxes remnant patches. maintained around switching to appropriate, fence in zones Undertake where needed important wildlife around remnants. revegetation Avoid clearing to warn drivers native woody plant predation on where no natural replantings. native species, or habitat including Avoid creating roadsides that Malleefowl for Malleefowl. regeneration is for firebreaks. may be on Apply herbicides increases in rabbit new access possible. Ensure the road. to actively growing populations. Encourage uptake tracks and roads seed and tubestock Discourage of conservation through remnants. is locally sourced broad-scale burning weeds and avoid agreements and attempt to for agricultural spray drift. and covenants replicate the structure purposes in Do not leave areas and diversity of on private land. areas that of bare ground to local, high quality remnants on similar harbour Malleefowl. avoid wind and soils and aspect. water erosion of Link existing soils. Retain some remnants through weed cover and wide corridors, but stagger removal and even paddock trees replacement with can provide valuable native grasses. landscape linkages.

32 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee Mallee with hummock grass vegetation profile

Change in extent

4.5%

50.3% Remaining 2.3%

Commonly found species within this community Eucalyptus uncinata; Eucalyptus eremophila; Eucalyptus lehmannii; Eucalyptus decipiens; Eucalyptus redunca; Eucalyptus goniantha; Banksia media; y

Phymatocarpus maxwellii. -1750 Pre esent da Pr

Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Retain and replant Exclude stock Undertake active Reduce the Manage native Actively manage Manage exotic indigenous native from remnants to restoration if there occurrence of grazing animals. weeds when herbivore species vegetation to enable recruitment are few mature large fires, and Minimise the amount undertaking including foxes, protect against and regeneration overstorey species, promote strategic of grain spilt during restoration activities goats, sheep and dryland salinity. of over and or no evidence mosaic burns. transport through to ensure weeds rabbits especially Close or fence under-storey species. of regeneration. Ensure mosaic burns Malleefowl habitat, do not compete near habitat artificial sources of Create windbreaks Ensure seed and are targeted at as foraging close for soil moisture for wildlife such water in conservation with mallee tubestock is locally different age classes to roadsides leaves with vulnerable as Malleefowl. reserves as species to reduce the sourced and of vegetation, to them susceptible native replantings. Undertake these may attract impacts attempt to replicate ensure age diversity to collisions Do not leave areas simultaneous fox and feral animals. of soil erosion. the structure between and within with vehicles. of bare ground to rabbit management Protect and, where and diversity of remnant patches. Erect signs avoid wind and to prevent foxes appropriate, local, high quality Avoid clearing where needed water erosion of switching to fence important remnants on similar roadsides to warn drivers soils. Retain some predation on wildlife habitat soils and aspect. for firebreaks. that Malleefowl weed cover and native species, or stagger removal and increases in rabbit including for Manage wildlife Discourage may be on Malleefowl. corridors between the road. replacement with populations. broad-scale burning native grasses. Encourage uptake remnant patches and for agricultural of conservation create buffer zones purposes in agreements around remnants areas that and covenants on with local species. harbour Malleefowl. private land. Discourage broad-scale burning for agricultural purposes in Malleefowl habitat.

33 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Esperance Coastal Shrublands and Mallee ALC100.0915