I DIPARTIMENTI in Ospedale

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I DIPARTIMENTI in Ospedale INDICE PRESENTAZIONE 4 INTRODUZIONE 5 1 ATTIVITÀ sanitaria 6 Attività assistenziali e indicatori di performance 7 Programma miglioramento continuo qualità dell’assistenza 28 2 ATTIVITÀ DEI DipartiMENTI 66 Dipartimento Chirurgico 68 Dipartimento Emergenza Accettazione e ARCO 73 Dipartimento Immagini 75 Dipartimento Laboratori 77 Dipartimento Medico Chirurgico di Cardiologia Pediatrica 79 Dipartimento Neonatologia Medica e Chirurgica 82 Dipartimento Neuroscienze e Neuroriabilitazione 86 Dipartimento Oncoematologia e Terapia Cellulare e Genica 90 INDICE Dipartimento Pediatrie Specialistiche 92 Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero 95 3 ATTIVITÀ SCIENTIFICA 102 Attività scientifica e indicatori di performance 103 Risultati scientifici significativi 104 Produzione scientifica 106 Strutture per la ricerca traslazionale - I Laboratori di Ricerca 108 Strutture per la ricerca clinica 111 Attività di ricerca 113 Finanziamenti per la ricerca 117 Collaborazioni scientifiche 119 Trasferimento Tecnologico 121 Formazione e Accreditamento ECM 123 4 STRUTTURE INNOVatiVE PER LA RICERCA 126 Officina Farmaceutica 127 Immunogenetica dei Trapianti (Laboratorio HLA) 128 Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare e Genomica Funzionale 129 Laboratorio di Microbiomica 130 Biobanca 132 5 AREE DI RICERCA 134 Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare 136 Area di Ricerca Malattie Multifattoriali e Malattie Complesse 146 Area di Ricerca Immunologia 152 Area di Ricerca Infettivologia e Sviluppo di Farmaci Pediatrici 157 Area di Ricerca Oncoematologia 163 Area di Ricerca Innovazioni Clinico Gestionali e Tecnologiche 172 6 BIBLioteCA MEDICA 182 7 PUBBLICAZIONI SCIENTIFICHE 186 Pubblicazioni 187 Indice degli autori 209 PRESENTAZIONE a relazione sanitaria e scientifica ci mostra una sintesi dei principali risultati raggiunti quest’anno dal nostro ospedale. La ricchezza dei dati pubblicati evidenzia la feconda e indissolubile relazione tra ricerca e cura. LIl carattere “traslazionale” della ricerca ci consente di trasferire nella pratica clinica quotidiana quanto viene studiato e realizzato dai ricercatori nei nostri laboratori, offrendoci la possibilità di affrontare malattie sempre più rare e complesse. Lo ripetiamo spesso: la scienza è la prima forma di carità nei confronti delle persone malate e il sapere scientifico, soprattutto in campo medico, non deve essere custodito gelosamente, ma deve essere condiviso, in modo che le scoperte e le innovazioni siano accessibili al maggior numero di persone. Ce lo ha ricordato recentemente anche Papa Francesco1: «La Chiesa non si attende dalla scienza che segua soltanto i principi dell’etica, che sono un patrimonio inestimabile del genere umano. Essa si aspetta un servizio positivo, che possiamo chiamare con San Paolo VI la “carità del sapere”». È l’obiettivo che ci siamo posti, ad esempio, con i nostri progetti internazionali di cooperazione sanitaria, orientati alla formazione del personale sanitario locale. Un altro tema che emerge con evidenza dalla relazione sanitaria e scientifica è quello dell’appropriatezza delle cure. L’Ospedale ha avviato da diversi anni un sistema di promozione e monitoraggio dell’appropriatezza delle prestazioni erogate, che sta dando risultati importanti. Non si tratta soltanto di una responsabilità e di un dovere che sentiamo nei confronti delle Istituzioni, rispetto alle risorse che ci vengono messe a disposizione. La tensione costante verso l’appropriatezza è un indice allo stesso tempo della qualità e della sicurezza delle cure, dell’efficacia della gestione e del governo clinico. Si tratta, non da ultimo, di valore importante nel campo dell’educazione alla salute, perché ci insegna che tentare di risolvere i problemi con soluzioni inappropriate - vedi, ad esempio, l’abuso prescrittivo di antibiotici - genera problemi più grandi di quelli che si vorrebbero risolvere. Le pagine che seguono contengono, in sintesi, risultati certamente gratificanti per l’Ospedale, rispetto ai quali non possiamo accontentarci né illuderci. Ci devono piuttosto stimolare ad affrontare i problemi del futuro con maggiore consapevolezza e determinazione, sapendo che gli scenari della sanità e della medicina sono in continua e rapida evoluzione. Non ci possiamo permettere di farci trovare impreparati di fronte alle trasformazioni. I numeri, infine, ci dicono tanto, ma non ci dicono tutto. I dati ci forniscono le necessarie informazioni per meglio orientare le scelte strategiche del futuro, i progetti da costruire e i nuovi investimenti da realizzare. Ma dietro i dati dobbiamo saper riconoscere il lavoro quotidiano dei tanti professionisti che compongono la comunità del nostro Ospedale. Ognuno di loro, con il proprio impegno, ci offre la testimonianza della passione, dell’intelligenza e della fatica che ci vogliono per conseguire risultati importanti. Dietro i dati, soprattutto, dobbiamo saper riconoscere le storie dei nostri bambini e dei nostri ragazzi, accompagnati dalle loro famiglie. Non dobbiamo mai dimenticarlo. La cura è relazione, non è mai solo prestazione. Anche se non è misurabile, il valore delle relazioni riempie di significato il nostro lavoro, i nostri successi e anche le nostre sconfitte. È forse la lezione più importante che abbiamo appreso nei nostri 150 anni di storia al servizio dei bambini. Mariella Enoc Presidente Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù 1) 12 novembre 2018. Udienza del Papa ai membri della Pontificia Accademia delle Scienze 4 ATTIVITÀ SANITARIA E SCIENTIFICA 2018 INTRODUZIONE a presentazione dei risultati dell’attività clinica e scientifica dell’Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù relativa al 2018 coincide quest’anno con le celebrazioni del 150° anniversario della fondazione dell’Ospedale. La memoria Lci riporta al lontano 19 marzo 1869, in una piccola stanza di quattro letti, in un edificio situato in prossimità del Tevere, in via delle Zoccolette, dove, per desiderio della duchessa Arabella Salviati, nasceva il primo nucleo di quell’Ospedale che, pensato sul modello dell’Enfants Malades di Parigi, si doveva prendere cura dei bambini ammalati, fino ad allora ricoverati nei reparti degli adulti. Si trattava del primo Ospedale Pediatrico in Italia, che fu affidato alle cure delle Figlie della Carità di San Vincenzo de Paoli. In quella prima stanza vennero ricoverate quattro bambine affette da clorosi, una condizione allora relativamente comune, che colpiva in particolare le adolescenti e le giovani donne, che si manifestava con anemia ipocromica associata ad un particolare colorito della cute, con sfumature verdastre, soprattutto evidenti sulle tempie, attorno agli occhi e alle labbra, riconducibile alla malnutrizione e alla carenza di ferro. Questa storica condizione, oggi dimenticata dalle nuove generazioni dei medici, può essere presa a simbolo paradigmatico della continua trasformazione della nostra professione, che, trainata dal progresso scientifico, è in grado di incidere in maniera sempre più efficace sulla storia naturale delle malattie, curarle, guarirle ed eradicarle. A distanza di 150 anni l’Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù è il più grande Ospedale Pediatrico d’Europa, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico che, con i numeri della propria attività clinica e assistenziale e con i risultati della ricerca scientifica, nel 2018, è stato classificato dal Ministero della Salute ai vertici nella rete dei 51 IRCCS. Per quanto riguarda l’attività clinica e assistenziale nel 2018 è stato confermato il riconoscimento dell’accreditamento internazionale Joint Commission International, per la qualità e la sicurezza delle cure erogate. Il raggiungimento di ambiziosi traguardi si registra, inoltre, nell’ambito della trapiantologia pediatrica, ambito in cui l’Ospedale ha ulteriormente consolidato il suo ruolo di leadership in Italia e in Europa. Sempre più numerosi sono, inoltre, i pazienti provenienti da altri continenti che si rivolgono alla nostra Struttura per tutte le tipologie di trapianto di organi solidi, tessuti e di cellule staminali. Numerose le innovazioni clinico-assistenziali sperimentate e sviluppate nel corso dell’anno, fra le quali terapie ad elevato impatto assistenziale destinate alla cura dei pazienti affetti da malattie ematologiche che non rispondono a trattamenti, come la terapia innovativa CAR (Chimeric antigen receptor) T Cell. Nell’ambito delle malattie cardiologiche si è avuto un ulteriore sviluppo del trapianto di cuore artificiale che, vicariando la funzione cardiaca, rappresenta un bridge al trapianto cardiaco per pazienti con insufficienza cardiaca avanzata in cui la terapia medica non è più in grado di controllare il quadro clinico. Un ulteriore risultato da evidenziare, infine, è il significativo sviluppo dei rapporti fra Ospedale e territorio con particolare riferimento al percorso dei pazienti affetti da patologie neuropsichiatriche. L’attività di ricerca del 2018 è stata caratterizzata da un’ulteriore progresso nei risultati, definito da un Impact factor di 2968 punti e 262 pubblicazioni internazionali. Dal punto di vista logistico e strutturale, il 2018 ha segnato il rinnovamento e il completamento di alcuni laboratori, come quello dedicato alle tipizzazioni tissutali, i laboratori di genomica funzionale, compreso quello riservato all’allevamento e alla manipolazione dei pesci zebra, il laboratorio metagenomico, proteomico e matabolomico, indirizzato allo studio del microbioma e al trapianto di microbiota intestinale. L’anno appena concluso ha anche segnato la traslazione alla clinica delle prime terapie disegnate e sviluppate dalla
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