Cheyenne, Wyoming

Found named for, Cheyenne (/ʃaɪˈæn/ shy-AN or /ʃaɪˈɛn/)(Arapaho: Hítesííno'óowú' [7]) is the capital and most populous city of the US state of Wyoming and the county seat of Laramie County.[8] It is the principal city of the Cheyenne, Wyoming, Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses all of Laramie County. The popu- lation was 59,466 at the 2010 census.[9] Cheyenne is the northern terminus of the extensive and fast-growing Front Range Urban Corridor that stretches from Cheyenne to Pueblo, Colorado, and has a population of 4,333,742 ac- cording to the 2010 United States Census.[3][10] Cheyenne is situated on Crow Creek and Dry Creek. The Cheyenne, Wyoming Metropolitan Area had a 2010 population of Wyoming State Capitol in Cheyenne 91,738, making it the 354th most populous metropolitan area in the United States. The construction of the Union Pacific Railroad brought hopes of prosperity to the region when it reached Cheyenne on November 13, 1867. The population at 1 History the time numbered over 4,000, and grew rapidly.[11] This rapid growth earned the city the nickname “Magic City [11] See also: Timeline of Cheyenne, Wyoming of the Plains”. On July 5, 1867, General Grenville M. Dodge and his In 1867, Fort D. A. Russell was established, three miles west of the city. The fort was later renamed Francis E. Warren Air Force Base. The Wyoming State Capitol was constructed between 1886 and 1890, with further improvements being com- pleted in 1917. The Wyoming Stock Growers Association met at The Cheyenne Club, which allegedly acted as an interim gov- ernment for the territory. Many of the WSGA’s rules and regulations became state laws. The Cheyenne Regional Airport was opened in 1920, ini- tially serving as a stop for airmail. It soon developed into a civil-military airport, serving DC-3s and various mili- tary craft. During World War II, hundreds of B-17s, B- 24s, and PBYs were outfitted and upgraded at the airfield. Bird’s eye view of Cheyenne in 1882 Today, it serves a number of military functions, as well as a high-altitude testbed for civilian craft.[12] survey crew platted the site now known as Cheyenne in Dakota Territory (later Wyoming Territory). This site was chosen as the point at which the Union Pacific Rail- road crossed Crow Creek, a tributary of the South Platte 2 Geography and climate River. The city was not named by Dodge, as his mem- oirs state, but rather by friends who accompanied him 2.1 Geography to the area Dodge called “Crow Creek Crossing”.[11] It was named for the American Indian Cheyenne nation, Cheyenne is located at 41°8′44″N 104°48′7″W one of the most famous and prominent Great Plains tribes / 41.14556°N 104.80194°W (41.145548, closely allied with the Arapaho. −104.802042).[13] Lying near the southeast corner

1 2 3 DEMOGRAPHICS

an average 2,980 hours (~67% of the possible total) of sunshine annually. On July 16, 1979 an F3 tornado struck Cheyenne causing one death and 40 injuries.[17] It was the most destructive tornado in Wyoming history.[18]

3 Demographics

At the 2005–2007 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates, the city’s population was 87.2% White or Eu- ropean American (79.3% non-Hispanic White alone), 12.7% Hispanic or Latino (of any race), 4.5% Black or View from the International Space Station African American, 2.5% American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.1% Asian and 6.4% from some other race.[25] 22.5% of the total population had a Bachelor’s degree or of the state, it is one of the least centrally located state higher. capitals in the nation (together with cities such as Carson City, Nevada; Juneau, Alaska; and Topeka, Kansas). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city 3.1 2010 census has a total area of 24.63 square miles (63.79 km2), of As of the census[3] of 2010, there were 59,466 people, which, 24.52 square miles (63.51 km2) is land and 0.11 25,557 households, and 15,269 families residing in the square miles (0.28 km2) is water.[2] city. The population density was 2,425.2 inhabitants per square mile (936.4/km2). There were 27,283 housing units at an average density of 1,112.7 per square mile 2.2 Climate (429.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 77.44% European American, 2.88% African American, 0.96% Cheyenne, like most of the rest of Wyoming, is semi- Native American, 1.23% Asian, 0.20% Pacific Islander, arid (Köppen BSk), and is part of USDA Hardiness zone 4.0% from other races, and 3.28%% from two or more 5b, with the suburbs falling in zone 5a.[14] Winters are races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.45% of the cold and moderately long, but relatively dry, with a De- population. cember average of 28.8 °F (−1.8 °C), highs that fail to breach freezing occur 35 days per year, and lows dip to There were 25,557 households of which 30.2% had chil- the 0 °F (−18 °C) mark on 9.2 nights.[15] However, the dren under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were cold is often interrupted, with chinook winds blowing married couples living together, 12.0% had a female downslope from the Rockies that can bring warm con- householder with no husband present, 4.7% had a male ditions, bringing the high above 50 °F (10 °C) on 20 days householder with no wife present, and 40.3% were non- from December to February.[15] Snowfall is greatest in families. 33.5% of all households were made up of in- March and April, seasonally averaging 60 inches (152 dividuals and 10.6% had someone living alone who was cm), historically ranging from 13.1 in (33 cm) in 1965– 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 66 to 121.5 in (309 cm) in 1979–80, yet thick snow cover 2.29 and the average family size was 2.92. rarely stays.[16] Summers are warm, with a high diurnal The median age in the city was 36.5 years. 24% of resi- temperature range; July averages 69.4 °F (20.8 °C), and dents were under the age of 18; 9.5% were between the highs reach 90 °F (32 °C) on an average 12 days annu- ages of 18 and 24; 26.9% were from 25 to 44; 26.2% ally. Spring and autumn are quick transitions, with the were from 45 to 64; and 13.5% were 65 years of age or average window for freezing temperatures being Septem- older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.3% male ber 29 thru May 14, allowing a growing season of 106 and 50.7% female. days.[15] Official record temperatures range from −38 °F (−39 °C) on January 9, 1875, up to 100 °F (38 °C) on June 23, 1954, the last of four occurrences; the record 3.2 2000 census cold daily maximum is −21 °F (−29 °C) on January 11, 1963, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum As of the census[5] of 2000, there were 53,011 peo- is 68 °F (20 °C) on July 31, 1960.[15] The annual pre- ple, 22,324 households, 14,175 families residing in the cipitation of 15.9 in (400 mm) tends to be concentrated city, and 81,607 people residing in the Metropolitan Sta- from May to August and is low during fall and winter; it tistical Area making it the largest city and metropoli- has historically ranged from 5.04 in (128 mm) in 1876 to tan area in the state of Wyoming. The population den- 23.69 in (602 mm) in 1942.[15] The city averages below sity was 2,511.4 inhabitants per square mile (969.6/km²). 60% daily relative humidity in each month and receives There were 23,782 housing units at an average density of 5.2 Colleges and universities 3

1,126.7 per square mile (435.0/km²). The racial makeup 5.2 Colleges and universities of the city was 78.1% White or European American, 2.8% Black or African American, 0.8% Native Ameri- Cheyenne is home to the Laramie County Community can, 1.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 4.4% from other College (LCCC), as well as a branch of the Institute races, and 2.7% from two or more races. 12.5% of the of Business & Medical Careers, and a branch of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. University of Phoenix. There were 22,324 households out of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.2% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a fe- male householder with no husband present, and 36.5% 6 Economy were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household Government is the largest sector of Cheyenne’s economy. size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.93. The state of Wyoming operates a multitude of offices in downtown Cheyenne. Many area residents are employed The city has a wide range of ages-groups, with 24.9% by or are dependent on the U.S. Air Force, through F.E. under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 Warren Air Force Base to the west of the city, or by the to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% 65 years of age Wyoming National Guard. or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females Railroads also remain a major economic force for the city, age 18 and over, there were 92.7 males. with both the Burlington Northern Santa Fe and Union Pacific employing many residents.[27] The median income for a household in the city was $38,856, and the median income for a family was Due much in part to work done by Cheyenne’s economic $46,771. Males had a median income of $32,286 versus development agency "Cheyenne Leads,” successful steps $24,529 for females. The per capita income for the city have been taken in recent years to diversify the city’s was $19,809. About 6.3% of families and 8.8% of the economy. Lowe’s and Wal-Mart both operate distribu- population were below the poverty line, including 11.1% tion centers on the city’s outskirts. Sierra Trading Post of those under age 18 and 5.8% of those age 65 or over. is headquartered in the city and also operates its dis- tribution and fulfillment centers in the city.[28] In addi- tion, because of the towns cooler summers and abundant electricity supplies (both renewable and non-renewable), Cheyenne has been able to attract a number of data cen- 4 Government ters including the NCAR supercomputing center, along with a Microsoft data center, powered by bio gas and Green House Data's data centers powered by wind en- Cheyenne’s government consists of a mayor and a city ergy. council. The mayor is elected in a citywide vote. The city council has nine members each of whom are elected from On 2 January 2014, Magpul Industries announced that it was moving its production, distribution and shipping one of three wards. Each ward elects three members. The [29] mayor’s office is responsible for managing the various city operations to Cheyenne from Erie, Colorado. departments which consist of Street/Alley, Police, Fire, Cheyenne’s high elevation, coupled with its position on Parks, Fleet Maintenance, Traffic, Sanitation, Downtown the continent, make it one of the windiest cities in the Historic District, Weed and Pest, Facilities Maintenance, United States. The abundance of wind makes Cheyenne and Cemetery. The Cheyenne Board of Public Utilities an opportune place to develop wind energy. Wind tur- is owned by the city but is semi-autonomous.[26] bines are currently being placed around Laramie County. Laramie County Community College is home to a lead- ing wind energy technician program, where students learn to maintain these turbines. The opening of a Vestas wind turbine blade assembly in nearby Weld County, Colorado, 5 Education as well as other alternative energy manufacturing facili- ties around Colorado, are transforming the region into a 5.1 Primary and secondary schools center for alternative energy. Great Lakes Airlines, Taco John’s, and Green House Data [30][31] Public education in the city of Cheyenne is provided by are headquartered in Cheyenne. Laramie County School District #1. The district is served Cheyenne has one of only three enclosed shopping malls by four high schools, Central High on the northwest side, in Wyoming, the Frontier Mall. The other two are the East High on the east side, South High on the south side, Eastridge Mall in Casper, and the White Mountain Mall and Triumph High, also on the south side. in Rock Springs. 4 8 LANDMARKS

7 Parks and recreation 8.1 List of tallest buildings in Cheyenne

The Cheyenne Parks and Recreation Department oper- Data retrieved from http://www.emporis.com and https:// ates an Ice and Events center, swimming pool, spray park, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheyenne,_Wyoming skateboard park, two golf courses, Cheyenne Botanic Table References [33][34] Gardens (including the Paul Smith Children’s Village at the Gardens), paddle boat rentals in Lions Park (summers only), cemeteries, forestry operations, community house, 8.2 National Register of Historical Places Youth Activity Center and a miniature golf park. The Cheyenne Parks and Recreation Department also oper- Over fifty different locations in Cheyenne are listed on the ates a 37-mile Greater Cheyenne Greenway system. The National Register of Historical Places, including: greenway connects parks and neighborhoods of greater Cheyenne. It includes many bridges and underpasses where travelers can avoid high traffic roads and travel above waterways and drainages. In 1996, as a result of the greenway, Cheyenne was named a “Trail Town USA” by the National Park service and the American Hiking Society.[32]

7.1 Professional sports

The Cheyenne Warriors were founded as an American Professional Football League team in 2012. After play- ing a season in the APFL, they announced a move to the Indoor Football League. Shortly after the owner of the team died in December 2012, the Warriors announced A Union Pacific “Big Boy” that they were forming the new Developmental Football League. After playing several games in this new league, • the team folded in May 2013. The Historic Plains Hotel (added 1978) • the Atlas Theatre (added 1973) 8 Landmarks • Union Pacific Depot (1973) • the Governor’s Mansion (1969)

• Nagle-Warren Mansion (1976)

• First Presbyterian Church (1869)

• First United Methodist Church (1975)

• St. Mark’s Episcopal Church (1970)

• St. Mary’s Catholic Cathedral (1974)

• Cheyenne High School (2005)

• High Plains Horticulture Research Station a.k.a. High Plains Arboretum (1930 - 1974) • Lions Park Storey Gymnasium (2005) • Park Addition School (1970) • Wyoming State Capitol • Big Boy Steam Engine (1956) • F.E. Warren Air Force Base, one of the nation’s • Botanic Gardens Rotary Century Plaza & Steam Lo- oldest, continuously active installations (orig. U.S. comotive (1921) Army).

• Nagle Warren Mansion Several districts in the city are also listed, including: 9.2 Local bus service 5

• the Downtown District (1978, with boundary in- • I-80 – East-West Interstate running from Califor- crease in 1980, 1988, 1996. Encompasses 205 acres nia to New Jersey. Intersects I-25 southwest of (0.83 km2) and 67 buildings) Cheyenne.

• Lakeview District (1996, 350 acres 109 buildings) • I-180 – Bypass Interstate that runs concurrent with US 85 from I-80 to US 30. • Rainsford District (1984, 1980 acres 288 buildings) • US 30 (Lincoln Highway) – East-West route through • Capitol North District (1980, 204 acres 112 build- Cheyenne ings) • US 85 (South Greeley Highway, Central Avenue • Fort David A. Russell (1969, 6300 acres 19 build- (Southbound), Warren Avenue (Northbound)) – ings) North-South route through Cheyenne

• Union Pacific Roundhouse, Turntable and Machine • US 87 – North-South through Cheyenne that runs Shop (1992, 113 acres 2 buildings) concurrent with I-25 through Cheyenne • • South Side District (2006) WYO 210 (Happy Jack Road) – East-West route from I-25/US 87 (Exit 10) west out of Cheyenne to- wards Laramie 9 Transportation • WYO 211 (Horsecreek Road) – Runs northwest out of Cheyenne to Horse Creek. 9.1 Highways • WYO 212 (College Drive, Four Mile Road) – North-South route that forms a beltway around Cheyenne. From I-25 (Exit 7) to WYO 219 • WYO 219 (Yellowstone Road) – North-South route from US 85 in Cheyenne near the Cheyenne Airport north out of the city • WYO 221 (Fox Farm Road) – East-west route from US 85 east to WYO 212 in Cheyenne • WYO 222 (Fort Access Road) – North-South route from WYO 225 just southeast of Cheyenne and trav- 00.5 1 2 Miles els north to F.E. Warren Air Force Base and contin- ues on its north route east of the city to WYO 221 Map of Cheyenne Road Network • WYO 225 (Otto Road) – East-West route from I- 80/US 30 southwest of Cheyenne west

9.2 Local bus service

Cheyenne provides local hourly bus service from 6 a.m.−7 p.m. Monday-Friday and 10 a.m.−5 p.m. on Saturday. There is no Sunday service.[35]

9.3 Airports

Cheyenne Regional Airport features daily service from Great Lakes Airlines to Denver.

Plaque depicting Cheyenne’s street grid along with historic dis- tricts 9.4 Railroads

The Union Pacific and BNSF railroads intersect in • I-25 – North-South Interstate running from New Cheyenne. The city is home to a BNSF railyard, as well Mexico to Wyoming intersects I-80 southwest of as the Union Pacific’s steam program. UP’s 844, 3985 Cheyenne. and 4014 reside in the steam shop.[36] 6 12 NOTABLE PEOPLE

10 Cheyenne Frontier Days • Rich Crandall, member of Arizona State Senate, moved to Cheyenne in 2013 to assume new po- sition of “director” of Wyoming Department of Education[43]

• Neil Diamond, singer, lived in Cheyenne during his father’s military service in the World War II era[44]

• David R. Edwards, late state representative from Converse County was born in Cheyenne in 1938.[45]

• Floyd Esquibel, member of the Wyoming Senate and former member of the Wyoming House of Rep- resentatives[46]

• James M. Flinchum, editor-in-chief of former Wyoming State Tribune from 1961 to 1985[47] • Bulldogging at Cheyenne Frontier Days, 1910. Stephanie Flowers, African-American Democratic member of the Arkansas State Senate, former Cheyenne Frontier Days, which occurs during 10 days Cheyenne resident[48] centered around the last full week in July, is the largest • Shirley E. Flynn, Cheyenne historian and author[49] outdoor rodeo in the US. The events include professional bull riding, calf roping, barrel racing, steer wrestling, • John Frullo, former Cheyenne resident and mem- team roping, bronc riding, steer roping, bareback riding ber of the Texas House of Representatives from and many others. During this week there are many pa- Lubbock[50] rades and other events. Additionally there is a carnival with numerous rides, games and shops.[37] • Bill Garnaas, NFL player • John Godina, shot putter, won a silver medal at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics and a bronze medal at the 11 Media 2000 Sydney games[51] • [52] Main article: Media in Cheyenne, Wyoming Mark Gordon, state treasurer since 2012 • Curt Gowdy, sportscaster, member of American Sportscasters Association Hall of Fame, recipient of • Wyoming Tribune Eagle newspaper Spink Award from baseball’s Hall of Fame[53] • The Cheyenne Herald (OCLC 51310460) was writ- • Robert Mills Grant, rancher, expert in branding law, ten and published by Dave Featherly from 2002– state representative, was born and died in Cheyenne [38] 2012. but spent his life in Platte County.[54] • KGWN • Charles G. Hall, photojournalist[55]

• Mildred Harris, actress and wife of Charlie Chaplin

12 Notable people • Cecilia Hart, actress and wife of James Earl Jones

• Vernon Baker, Medal of Honor recipient[39] • Wild Bill Hickok, gunfighter and lawman[56]

• Jillian Balow, Wyoming superintendent of public in- • Cindy Hill, Wyoming superintendent of public in- struction since 2015[40] struction since 2011[57]

• James Emmett Barrett, United States federal judge • Robert Holding, founder of Little America Ho- tels[58] • Larry Birleffi, Voice of the Wyoming Cowboys, 1947-1986 • Tom Horn, American Old West lawman, scout, soldier, hired gunman, detective, outlaw and • Harriet Elizabeth Byrd, first African-American to assassin[59] serve in the Wyoming Legislature[41] • James Johnson, forward for the Toronto Raptors[60] • Dino Costa, national sports talk host, SiriusXM Radio[42] • Raymond A. Johnson, aviation pioneer[61] 13.1 Suburbs 7

• Daniel Junge, documentary filmmaker, Academy • Taichung, Taiwan Award winner for his film Saving Face[62] • Lourdes, France • William T. Kane, physicist in field of fiber optics[63] • Hammam Sousse, Tunisia • Chris LeDoux, rodeo champion and country music legend; graduate of Cheyenne Central High[64] • Voghera, Italy • Cynthia Lummis, former state treasurer and mem- ber of the United States House of Representa- 13.1 Suburbs tives[65] 1. North Cheyenne 2. South Greeley 3. Warren A.F.B 4. • Edgar Warner Mann, Wyoming territorial legislator Ranchettes 5. Orchard Valley 6. Fox Farm-College and lawyer[66] • Marlin McKeever, defensive end for USC and NFL’s Los Angeles Rams 13.2 See also

• Mike McKeever, All-American football player for • List of municipalities in Wyoming USC, twin of Marlin McKeever • Joseph B. Meyer, Wyoming attorney general and state treasurer[67] 14 Notes • Jennifer Nichols, archer who competed in the 2004, [1] Official records for Cheyenne kept at the City Office from [68] 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics January 1871 to August 1935 and at Cheyenne Regional since September 1935.[19] • Brandon Nimmo, baseball player for the New York Mets[69] • Leslie Osterman, member of the Kansas House of 15 References Representatives from Wichita; Cheyenne native[70] • Charles E. Richardson, newspaper publisher, Rock [1] Mayor’s Office, Cheyenne. Accessed January 18, 2009. Springs Daily Rocket-Miner; retired to Cheyenne[71] [2] “US Gazetteer files 2010”. United States Census Bureau. • Tracy Ringolsby, sportswriter and sportscaster[72] Retrieved 2012-12-14. • Robert Schliske, member of the Wyoming House of [3] “American FactFinder”. United States Census Bureau. Representatives, 1971-1975[73] Retrieved 2012-12-14. • Edwin H. Whitehead, former member of the [4] “Population Estimates”. United States Census Bureau. Wyoming House of Representatives and leader of Retrieved June 7, 2015. [74] the John F. Kennedy forces in Wyoming in 1960 [5] “American FactFinder”. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31. • Alvin Wiederspahn (1949-2014) - Cheyenne lawyer, historical preservationist, rancher, and [6] “US Board on Geographic Names”. United States Geo- member of both houses of the Wyoming State Leg- logical Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31. islature; husband of U.S. Representative Cynthia Lummis[75] [7] “English-Arapaho dictionary”. Retrieved 2012-05-23. • Megan Wigert - Miss Wyoming 1998 [8] “Find a County”. National Association of Counties. Re- trieved 2011-06-07.

[9] “Profile of General Population and Housing Characteris- 13 Sister cities tics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Cheyenne city, Wyoming”. U.S. Census Bureau, American Cheyenne’s sister cities are: Factfinder. Retrieved April 2, 2012. [10] http://www.america2050.org/front_range.html • US: [11] “History of Cheyenne”. City of Cheyenne. Retrieved • Lompoc, California June 29, 2015. • Bismarck, North Dakota [12] “Cheyenne Regional Airport History”. Cheyenne Re- • Waimea, Hawaii gional Airport. Retrieved September 27, 2013. 8 15 REFERENCES

[13] “US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990”. United [38] Cheyenne Herald: About us States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04- 23. [39] “Vernon Baker”. nationalww2museum.org. Retrieved 18 September 2013. [14] “USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map”. United States De- partment of Agriculture. Retrieved 2014-06-01. [40] Aaron Schrank (November 5, 2014). “Republican Jillian Balow Elected Wyoming Schools Chief”. Wyoming Pub- [15] “NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data”. National lic Radio. Retrieved December 11, 2014. Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved Jan- uary 19, 2012. [41] “Harriet Elizabeth Byrd”. University of Wyoming. Re- trieved 18 September 2013. [16] “Station Name: WY CHEYENNE”. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2014-03-21. [42] on Tue, Aug 14, 2012. (2012-08-14). “For SiriusXM host Dino Costa, Cheyenne is Radio City - WyoSports.net: [17] http://www.tornadohistoryproject.com Other Sports”. WyoSports.net. Retrieved 2012-11-08.

[18] http://www.bangladeshtornadoes.org/071679/ [43] “Wyoming Gov. Mead appoints Arizona senator to run 071679terrain.html education department, June 27, 2013”. Casper Star- Tribune. Retrieved July 21, 2013. [19] ThreadEx [44] “Neil Diamond”. jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 18 [20] “WMO Climate Normals for CHEYENNE WSFO, WY September 2013. 1961–1990”. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin- istration. Retrieved 2014-03-21. [45] “David Richard Edwards”. wyomingnews.com. Retrieved January 9, 2013. [21] “Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incor- porated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014”. Retrieved [46] “Senator Floyd A. Esquibel”. State of Wyoming Legisla- June 4, 2015. ture. Retrieved November 6, 2012.

[22] U.S. Decennial Census [47] “James M. Flinchum”. Wyoming Tribune-Eagle. Re- trieved 18 September 2013. [23] HISTORICAL DECENNIAL CENSUS POPULATION FOR WYOMING COUNTIES, CITIES, AND TOWNS [48] “Stephanie Anne Flowers”. intelius.com. Retrieved April 17, 2015. [24] 2014 estimate [49] “Shirley E. Flynn”. Wyoming Tribune-Eagle. Retrieved [25] American FactFinder. Factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 18 September 2013. on April 11, 2012. [50] “John Frullo”. http://vote-tx.org/. Retrieved 18 Septem- [26] Cheyenne, WY – Official Website – City Council. Wy- ber 2013. cheyenne.civicplus.com. Retrieved on April 11, 2012. [51] “John Godina”. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved 18 [27] The Cheyenne-Laramie County Corporation for Eco- September 2013. nomic Development. Cheyenne LEADS. Retrieved on April 11, 2012. [52] “Mark Gordon”. The Billings Gazette. Retrieved 18 September 2013. [28] Bowman, Robert J. (May 1, 2007). “A Random Walk Through Sierra Trading Post’s Warehouse”. Global Lo- [53] “Curt Gowdy”. http://baseballhall.org/. Retrieved 18 gistics & Supply Chain Strategies. September 2013.

[29] “US gun magazine producer to leave Colo. over gun laws”. [54] “For the Record: Robert Mills Grant, May 2, 2012”. Fox News. 2 January 2014. Retrieved 7 January 2014. Platte County Record Times. Retrieved August 10, 2013.

[30] “Contact Us”. Great Lakes Airlines. Retrieved May 25, [55] “Charles G. Hall”. Wyoming Tribune-Eagle. Retrieved 2009. 18 September 2013.

[31] “Contact Us”. Taco John’s. Retrieved February 25, 2010. [56] “Wild Bill Hickok”. Nebraska State Government Home- [32] American Hiking Society - Retrieved 2015-06-29. page. Retrieved 18 September 2013.

[33] wikipedia.org [57] “Cindy Hill”. wyyr.org. Retrieved July 21, 2013.

[34] emporis.com [58] “Robert Holding”. by the U.S. National Ski Hall of Fame. Retrieved 18 September 2013. [35] http://www.cheyennecity.org/index.aspx?NID=253 [59] “Tom Horn”. Wyoming Tribune-Eagle. Retrieved 19 [36] “UP: Steam”. Retrieved May 28, 2014. September 2013.

[37] Cheyenne Frontier Days. Cfdrodeo.com (April 3, 2012). [60] “James Patrick Johnson”. Basketball-Reference.Com. Retrieved on April 11, 2012. Retrieved November 15, 2012. 9

[61] “James Chilton, Hall of Fame inductee grew along- side aviation industry, September 26, 2013”. Wyoming Tribune-Eagle. Retrieved September 26, 2013.

[62] “Daniel Junge”. Casper Star Tribune. Retrieved 7 March 2014.

[63] “William T. Kane”. Wyoming Tribune-Eagle. Retrieved 19 September 2013.

[64] “Chris LeDoux”. Wyoming Tribune-Eagle. Retrieved 19 September 2013.

[65] “Cynthia Lummis”. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 19 September 2013.

[66] 'Proceedings of the State Bar Association of Wisconsin 1907,' Wisconsin Bar Association: 1907, Biographical Sketch of Edgar Warner Mann, pg. 306

[67] “Joseph Meyer”. Wyoming Tribune-Eagle. Retrieved 19 September 2013.

[68] “Jennifer Nichols”. United States Olympic Committee. Retrieved 19 September 2013.

[69] “Brandon Nimmo”. BASEBALL REFERENCE. COM. Retrieved 19 September 2013.

[70] “Leslie Osterman”. MProject Vote Smart. Retrieved 19 September 2013.

[71] “Charles E. Richardson”. Wyoming Tribune-Eagle. Re- trieved 19 September 2013.

[72] “Tracy Ringolsby”. MLB Advanced Media, L.P. Re- trieved 19 September 2013.

[73] “Robert Schliske”. Wyoming Tribune-Eagle. June 23, 2007. Retrieved May 24, 2015.

[74] “Edwin H. Whitehead”. Wyoming Tribune-Eagle. Re- trieved 19 September 2013.

[75] “Alvin Wiederspahn”. Wyoming Tribune Eagle. Re- trieved October 29, 2014.

16 External links

• Official City of Cheyenne website • Cheyenne newspapers in the Wyoming Newspaper Project • "Cheyenne". The New Student’s Reference Work. 1914. • "Cheyenne, the chief city and capital of Wyoming, U.S.A.". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911. 10 17 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

17 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

17.1 Text • Cheyenne, Wyoming Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheyenne%2C_Wyoming?oldid=698785194 Contributors: The Epopt, Zoe, Hephaestos, Ram-Man, TimShell, Isomorphic, Sam Francis, Rambot, Den fjättrade ankan~enwiki, Alvaro, Andres, Palmpilot900, Whis- perToMe, RayKiddy, Topbanana, Wetman, Robbot, Fredrik, RedWolf, Altenmann, Postdlf, Jfitts, Seth Ilys, Decumanus, Crimson30, Bobblewik, Andycjp, DocSigma, Cjewell, Balcer, Nutmegger, Kevin Rector, Jwolfe, Dufekin, Ma'ame Michu, Moverton, Discospinster, Rich Farmbrough, Guanabot, Chadlupkes, Bender235, CanisRufus, Kwamikagami, Acntx, Darwinek, Alansohn, PaulHanson, Tommy- Boy, Stpeter, Pfahlstrom, Gene Nygaard, Deror avi, Boothy443, John Cardinal, Kelisi, Zzyzx11, Wrh2, Jaerune, BD2412, Kbdank71, De- Piep, Mayumashu, JubalHarshaw, PinchasC, Amire80, Ligulem, Cassowary, FlaBot, Naraht, WillC, Mrschimpf, Idaltu, Bgwhite, Kummi, YurikBot, Wavelength, Al Silonov, RussBot, Ivirivi00, Pigman, SoundGod3, EWS23, FritzG, Camerafiend, THB, Shultz, Zwobot, Gad- get850, Zortoflaven, HistoricalPisces, Kelovy, Wsiegmund, Wechselstrom, Garion96, KnightRider~enwiki, SmackBot, WookieInHeat, Zyxw, Gjs238, Cazort, Yamaguchi, Gilliam, Quidam65, Hmains, Saros136, Chris the speller, Bluebot, MK8, MalafayaBot, Apeloverage, Jeff5102, Harpchad, Samba6566, Backspace, Huon, RFD, Dk4hb, Sturm, Ohconfucius, Glacier109, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Rklawton, Vgy7ujm, Tim bates, Moabdave, Ttogstad, Johnrhubarb, Gremlin66, Jnk, WilliamJE, Lucio Di Madaura, Canadaolympic989, Ohnoits- jaime, Billy Hathorn, Baseball 292992, Korteenea, Iwantmoresleep, Ken Gallager, Cydebot, The Librarian at Terminus, Cs california, Mathpianist93, Thijs!bot, Barticus88, Wikid77, Crzycheetah, Horologium, Nosterfoss, JustAGal, Historymidget, Rutke421, Milton Stan- ley, Ok!, MikeLynch, JAnDbot, Milonica, Deflective, NE2, Robertjohnsonrj, Bongwarrior, VoABot II, Nyttend, CosmicPenguin, MetsBot, Gerry D, Niente21, R'n'B, CommonsDelinker, AlexiusHoratius, Johnpacklambert, Uncle Dick, Jamo2008, RoboMaxCyberSem, Ahuskay, Flatterworld, DorganBot, Shortride, Rikster2, AlnoktaBOT, Rclocher3, Barneca, TXiKiBoT, Italtrav, Mistyben, Bentley4, Plazak, Meters, Synthebot, CEHS, Msw1002, The Devil’s Advocate, AlleborgoBot, Ag1246, Samjooky, Motorrad-67, SieBot, Eric444, BotMultichill, DMC511, Caltas, Lucasbfrbot, Ascoolasu, Aspects, Jdaloner, Lightmouse, Robcmart, Realm of Shadows, Finetooth, Wyo Witness, Im- ageRemovalBot, Faithlessthewonderboy, Sfan00 IMG, CheepnisAroma, ClueBot, WikiWes77, Meekywiki, Mild Bill Hiccup, Niceguyedc, Tshinef, Billyfutile, Auntof6, 718 Bot, Mr. Laser Beam, Detroiterbot, Excirial, CapitalBot, Rhatsa26X, Estirabot, TheRedPenOfDoom, Basketball110, Unclemikejb, Johnuniq, E10ddie, Ngs61, Paulcdevine, Avoided, Cliff1911, Cmr08, Jhendin, Addbot, LabradorLover456, Manuel Trujillo Berges, Some jerk on the Internet, Stuffwhitepeoplelike, Dm81, TutterMouse, Bte99, Kman543210, Cheyenne1945, Fluffernutter, Fidelis 117, NjardarBot, Numbo3-bot, Dayewalker, Tide rolls, Lightbot, Legobot, Drpickem, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Swis- terTwister, AnomieBOT, DemocraticLuntz, Slant6guy, IRP, JackieBot, Xqbot, TinucherianBot II, Drilnoth, Wackyness, Mackrauss, Srich32977, GrouchoBot, Mechla, Jenkenworthy, 1981libra, Sandcherry, Asturianu, FrescoBot, NSH002, BMW Maven, FUBAR007, Masterknighted, M2545, HaHaIrock7, Rocco81b, Jonesey95, Tinton5, Wyolibrarian, Libera95, Foobarnix, Full-date unlinking bot, Ll- evanloc, TobeBot, Ale And Quail, JayneBlythe123, Aoidh, Rossdegenstein, Anonymous2468, TjBot, Ripchip Bot, Rollins83, Tdp301, EmausBot, WikitanvirBot, Franjklogos, Look2See1, Dewritech, Happyfatman021, Creativekitty, K6ka, Djembayz, 1brettsnyder, AvicBot, ZéroBot, John Cline, PBS-AWB, Agassiz830, Vukajlo, SporkBot, Rcsprinter123, Xiaoyu of Yuxi, Mentibot, ChuispastonBot, Kevjgav, Rocketrod1960, ClueBot NG, Goblins77, Jack Greenmaven, Hapticfever, CopperSquare, BMS Go Goats, Helpful Pixie Bot, BG19bot, Cheywy, Wasbeer, TCN7JM, British colombia, 4musicipod, Mark Arsten, Cplwheatbun, Aresceo, Pmelton87, Lieutenant of Melkor, BattyBot, HutchinsonKS, Fraulein451, Eb7473, Dobie80, Luisgarcia72785, BuzyBody, Fvaldez5357, Rockfit23, Mogism, JBradley Bot, Lugia2453, Sacramentoswag, PhilO'hennesey, Mrandrewnohome, Treesap68, Epicgenius, Just2Good55, Redd Foxx 1991, Magnolia677, Αρκαδειοι Μαρουκ, Duddlydude, Jaelyn mc, Maggie curtin black tennis, Ginsuloft, Tabby1087, JaconaFrere, Walker51301, Library Guy, Pillowfight126156, Skr15081997, Treyt10, Highland42, Mcb126156, Tha bears34, Wesleynlevy, WikiOriginal-9, Wrgharshsdh, Cam- thetornado, Puppy9000, KasparBot, TitanessVerse, Professor JR, Wiki Zachary, Wyogolf1 and Anonymous: 294

17.2 Images • File:Bulldogging_a_steer,_Cheyenne_Frontier_Days_cph.3b03105.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/ 43/Bulldogging_a_steer%2C_Cheyenne_Frontier_Days_cph.3b03105.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: This image is available from the United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID cph.3b03105. This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing for more information. Original artist: Union Pacific Railroad Co. • File:Cheyenne,_Wyoming,_1882.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Cheyenne%2C_Wyoming%2C_ 1882.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: This image is available from the United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID cph.3a37670. This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing for more information. Original artist: Beck & Pauli, Lithographers, Milwaukee. • File:CheyenneWY_downtown.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/CheyenneWY_downtown.jpg Li- cense: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: http://www.flickr.com/photos/28567825@N03/2897918214/ Original artist: Cliff from Arlington, VA (Outside Washington DC), USA • File:CheyenneWYseal.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c5/CheyenneWYseal.png License: Fair use Contribu- tors: The logo may be obtained from Cheyenne, Wyoming. Original artist: ? • File:Cheyenne_Wyoming.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/ce/Cheyenne_Wyoming.jpg License: PD Contribu- tors: http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS007&roll=E&frame=8330 Original artist: NASA Astronaut • File:Cheyenne_highway_map.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Cheyenne_highway_map.svg Li- cense: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: 25or6to4 • File:Commons-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original artist: ? 17.3 Content license 11

• File:Downtown_Cheyenne_map.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Downtown_Cheyenne_map.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: Downtown Cheyenne map Original artist: Cliff from I now live in Arlington, VA (Outside Washing- ton DC), USA • File:Flag_of_Wyoming.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Flag_of_Wyoming.svg License: Public do- main Contributors: Own work: It is from openclipart.org, specifically usa_wyoming.svg, by Caleb Moore. Original artist: User:Dbenbenn • File:Laramie_County_Wyoming_incorporated_and_unincorporated_areas_Cheyenne_highlighted.svg Source: https: //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Laramie_County_Wyoming_incorporated_and_unincorporated_areas_Cheyenne_ highlighted.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Rcsprinter123 • File:LionsPark.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/LionsPark.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Transferred from en.wikipedia Original artist: Kari Martinez Original uploader was Robcmart at en.wikipedia • File:Map_of_Wyoming_highlighting_Laramie_County.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Map_ of_Wyoming_highlighting_Laramie_County.svg License: Public domain Contributors: The maps use data from nationalatlas.gov, specifi- cally countyp020.tar.gz on the Raw Data Download page. The maps also use state outline data from statesp020.tar.gz. The Florida maps use hydrogm020.tar.gz to display Lake Okeechobee. Original artist: David Benbennick • File:Question_book-new.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/99/Question_book-new.svg License: Cc-by-sa-3.0 Contributors: Created from scratch in Adobe Illustrator. Based on Image:Question book.png created by User:Equazcion Original artist: Tkgd2007 • File:Red_pog.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0c/Red_pog.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:UP_Big_Boy_4014.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/UP_Big_Boy_4014.jpg License: CC-BY- SA-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Usa_edcp_location_map.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Uwe Dedering • File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg Li- cense: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: AleXXw • File:Wyoming_Capitol_Exterior.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Wyoming_Capitol_Exterior.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Matthew Trump

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