APPENDIX II BASELINE INFORMATION

Contents

A2 Introduction...... 93

A2.1 Air Quality...... 94

A2.2 Climatic Factors ...... 97

A2.3 Human health ...... 104

A2.4 Population...... 115

A2.5 Landscape ...... 121

A2.6 Culture and Heritage...... 131

A2.7 Biodiversity, fauna and flora ...... 135

A2.8 Water ...... 144

A2.9 Material assets ...... 151

A2.10 Employment and Transport...... 153

A2.11 Soil and Minerals policy ...... 165

A2.12 Waste ...... 173

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APPENDIX II BASELINE INFORMATION SEA TOPICS: Biodiversity, Population, Human Health, Fauna, Flora , Soil, Water, Air, Climatic Factors, Material Assets, Cultural Heritage (including architectural and archaeological heritage), landscape, and the interrelationship between the above factors.

A2 Introduction Baseline data has been presented in two formats: in summary text form and a more detailed baseline data table. All data will be updated before the plan appraisal takes place. Sources are shown in the list at the end of the section and refer to the baseline documents used for the LDF SA.

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A2.1 Air Quality Summary There are no AQMAs within Kennet District; nor are there any automatic air monitoring sites within the District, the nearest sites being at Bath, Bristol, Somerton and Bournemouth. In order to assist local authorities in the review and assessment of their local air quality, Defra has produced data which provides estimates of background annual mean air pollutant concentrations at a 1 km x 1 km grid resolution. These estimates are available for the year 2001 for NOx, NO2,

PM10, PM10 secondary, SO2, Benzene, CO and 1,3-butadiene. Projected concentrations are also available for: NOx (2005, 2010), NO2 (2005, 2010),

PM10 (2004, 2010), Benzene (2003, 2010), and 1,3-butadiene (2003). The predicted trends for Kennet as well and the other three districts in Wiltshire show reductions for all the pollutants.

The pertinent data are:

Indicator Current Data Comparators and targets Trend Issues for sustainability / Issues for the LDF Topic: Air Quality There are no AQMAs in Kennet Wiltshire: 7 AQMAs declared (Reason) West Wiltshire DC – Air Quality • Westbury. (NO ) (Sections of Management 2 Haynes Rd & Warminster Rd); Areas (AQMAs) and (Data Source 21) • Bradford on Avon (NO2 &

PM10) (Masons Lane, Market St, Silver St, St Margaret’s St.).

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and targets Trend Issues for sustainability / Issues for the LDF Salisbury DC –

• Brown St. (NO2);

• Fisherton St. (NO2);

• Milford St. (NO2);

• Minster St. (NO2); and

• Wilton (NO2).

Pollutant Kennet North Wiltshire Salisbury West Wiltshire Swindon Estimated 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 background Air 01 05 10 01 05 10 01 05 10 01 05 10 01 05 10 NOX 19. 16. 13. 26. 22. 17. 16. 14. 11. 21. 18. 14. 35. 29. 22. Pollution Data 4 5 1 8 3 4 9 3 5 4 6 7 8 5 9

NO2 14. 12. 10. 18. 16. 13. 13. 11. 9.0 15. 14. 11. 22. 19. 16. Figures derived 6 8 3 5 3 4 1 2 7 0 4 6 8 6 by calculating PM10 17. 16. 15. 17. 17. 16. 17. 16. 15. 18. 17. 16. 18. 17. 16. the average of 4 8 7 9 2 0 4 8 6 1 4 2 6 9 5 the predictions SO2 2.1 - - 2.1 - - 2.0 - - 3.1 - - 2.4 - - for all sites in 8 0 8 7 8 each of the Benzene 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 districts (962 8 6 3 3 1 7 6 5 2 4 2 7 5 1 4 Kennet, 763 CO 0.2 - - 0.2 - - 0.1 - - 0.2 - - 0.2 - - 2 9 1 7 N.Wilts, 1,000 1,3-butadine* 0.0 0.0 - 0.1 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 - 0.1 0.0 - 0.1 0.1 - Salisbury, 520 8 7 1 9 7 6 0 9 5 3 W.Wilts, and 235 Swindon) * Figures for 1,3-butadine in the 2005 column relate to 2003. (Data Source 21) Units: NOx (ugm-3 as NO2 annual mean); NO2 (ugm-3 annual mean); PM10 (ugm-3 grav. annual mean); S02 (ugm-3 annual mean); Benzene

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and targets Trend Issues for sustainability / Issues for the LDF Automatic air monitoring Nearest automatic air monitoring sites in the South-West are in Bath, Bristol, Somerton, sites and Bournemouth. (Data Source 23) Number of days when air Region Site type 2002 2003 Two centres in the South pollution Urban West were taken ( one reported as Bristol Centre centre 12 48 Somerton Rural 29 68 urban and one rural to moderate or compare with the national higher England Urban 19 51 (Data Source 24) England Rural 34 68 rural and urban average ) Benzene National target (Data Source 26) Running annual mean to be below 16.25ug/m3 by 31/12/2003 1,3-Butadiene National target (Data Source 26) Running annual mean to be below 2.25ug/m3 by 31/12/2003 Carbon National target monoxide Running 8 hour mean to be below 10.0ug/m3 by 31/12/2003 (Data Source 26) No data found for Swindon and National target Lead Wiltshire Annual mean to be below 0.5ug/m3 by 2004 and below (Data Source 26) 0.25ug/m3 by 31/12/2008 National target Nitrogen 1 hour mean not to exceed 200ug/m3 more than 18 times per dioxide year by 31/12/2005. Annual mean to be below 40ug/m3 by (Data Source 26) 31/12/2005. PM10 target: Annual mean less than 40 PM10 ug/m3 by 31/12/2004 (Data Source 26) No more than 35 days where daily mean >=50 ug/m3 by 2004.

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and targets Trend Issues for sustainability / Issues for the LDF

National target 15 minute mean not to exceed 266ug/m3 more than 35 times per year by 31/12 2005 Sulphur dioxide 1 hour mean not to exceed 350ug/m3 more than 24 times per (Data Source 26) year by 31/12/2004

24 hour mean not to exceed 125ug/m3 more than 3 times per year by 31/12/2004.

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A2.2 Climatic Factors Summary The UK Climate Impacts Programme has identified that global temperature has risen by 0.6oC since the beginning of the twentieth century, and that over the last 30 years winters have been getting warmer and summers drier. In the South-West, 8 of the 10 warmest years since 1855 have occurred since 1990.

Global climate change, which is predominantly the result of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) caused by human activity, is a long-term but serious concern. The transport system is now the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the UK, and has shown a steady increase since 1990, unlike the industrial and domestic sectors which now have emissions lower than the 1990 base year (Sustainable Development Indicators, 2005).

Total CO2 emissions according to source in Wiltshire local authorities 2003 (http://www.swenvo.org.uk)

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Kennet’s carbon dioxide emissions are relatively low compared to the other Districts within Wiltshire. The pertinent data are:

Indicator Current Data Comparators and targets Trend Issues for sustainability / Issues for the LDF Topic: Climatic Factors Greenhouse 2001 Greenhouse gas emissions were Target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions South West = 1,500kg/capita estimated to have fallen by 14 % gas emissions by 12.5% from (overall / per between 1990 and 2003. 1990 levels by 2008-12 and to capita) England = 2,300kg/capita have a 20% reduction in CO2 (Data Source by 2010. 17)

% Reduction Cost of the measures The LDF should seek to further

improveme in CO2 in 2004/05 progress by encouraging Sector of housing nt emissions integrating energy efficient in energy 2004/05 measures within all new efficiency (tonnes) development. The SA should Energy achieved in include an objective to reduce Efficiency of 2004/05 the impacts on the climate Dwellings Cost to Overall through energy efficient design. Kennet your cost District authority £ millions (Data Source £ millions 53) Total for each sector April 2004 to March 2005: Owner/Occupied 2.16 4625 0.0008 3.077 Local Authority - - - - Private Rented 0.92 420 - 0.200

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and targets Trend Issues for sustainability / Issues for the LDF Housing Associations 3.73 2109 0.0002 1.302

OVERALL TOTAL FOR HOUSING, APRIL 2004 TO MARCH 2005 2.30 7154 0.001 4.579

(a1) Progress 1 April 1996 and 30 June 1997 (1st progress report) 1.17 %

(a2) Progress 1 April 1997 and 31 March 1998 (2nd progress 3.2 % report)

(a3) Progress 1 April 1998 and 31 March 1999 (3rd progress 3.2% report)

(a4) Progress 1 April 1999 and 31 March 2000 (4th progress 2.9% report)

(a5) Progress 1 April 2000 and 31 March 2001 (5th progress 4.2% report)

(a6) Progress 1 April 2001 and 31 March 2002 (6th progress 16.9% report)

(a7) Progress 1 April 2002 and 31 March 2003 (7th progress -1.5% report) (a8) Progress 1 April 2003 and 31 March 2004 (8th progress 2.2% report)

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and targets Trend Issues for sustainability / Issues for the LDF

(a9) Progress 1 April 2004 and 31 March 2005 (this progress 2.3 % report) (b) Overall improvement in energy efficiency from 1 April 1996 to 30.57 % 31 March 2005

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and targets Trend Issues for sustainability / Issues for the LDF The LDF should seek to encourage renewable energy projects within the District.

Current renewable electricity projects in Wiltshire (Data Source 54)

65% of the renewable electricity in the SW comes from landfill gas. There are no landfill sites in Kennet

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and targets Trend Issues for sustainability / Issues for the LDF County target for Wiltshire of 65- 85MW of renewable electricity generating Electricity capacity by 2010, generated which is the from equivalent to renewable supplying between sources (2003) 73,750 and 87,000 (Data Source homes. 45)

The graph demonstrates that the east generated more electricity from renewable sources in 2003 compared to other regions England.

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and targets Trend Issues for sustainability / Issues for the LDF The SA and the LDF should seek to help reach the capacity for renewable energy generation within Wiltshire, and thus help to reduce the reliance on fossil fuels and the generation of greenhouse gases. Renewable Energy Capacity (Data Source 54, 45)

The total renewable energy capacity in Wiltshire and Swindon at present is 8MW, almost entirely from landfill and sewage gas. This is approximately 7.5% of renewable energy generated in the region. The target of 65-85MW is approximately 12-16% of the 545MW regional target.

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A2.3 Human Health Summary One of the aims of the Wiltshire Community Strategy (Creating a County Fit for our Children) is for Wiltshire “to become the healthiest county in which to live by 2012”. Currently Kennet has a lower Standardised Mortality Ratio (SMR) than the national average. Kennet’s SMR is also lower than all of the other Districts within the County. In 2001, Kennet compared favourably, in terms of health indicators, to the South West as well and England and Wales in general. In 2003 there were a total of 75 people killed or seriously injured in road accidents in Kennet. Within the South West region as a whole there were 2,901 people killed or seriously injured, of whom 7 per cent were children. Noise is an effect of many factors, and can have cumulative impacts on various receptors, such as human health. The Ambient Noise Strategy in England is currently being developed in response to the Rural White Paper 2000, and as part of this the Noise Mapping England Project has been set up to determine the number of people affected by different levels of ambient noise, the source of that noise (i.e. road, rail, air and industry) and the locations of the people affected.

The objectives of the Noise Mapping England Project1 are: • To calculate noise levels and produce noise maps across England which determine noise exposure data, identify relatively quiet areas and noise 'hotspots' and provide information to assess the relationship between noise and other policy areas; • To use the information obtained to help develop the National Ambient Noise Strategy; and • To gain knowledge which will assist in the implementation of the Environmental Noise Directive, e.g. on the location, acquisition and accuracy of input data.

Noise maps have been created which show calculated levels of road traffic noise across the Greater London area, however mapping has yet to be published for other geographical areas or other noise sources, and there is therefore no information specific to Wiltshire.

1 www.noisemapping.org

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Some studies have been carried out at a regional level, and the figure below summarises the results of noise complaints that have been received in a portion of the South-West region. It can be seen that noise complaints received due to industry, whilst low in relation to some of the other sources, are not insignificant.

Noise complaints in part of the South West Region (Somerset, Wiltshire, Gloucestershire, Swindon, South Gloucestershire, City of Bristol, North Somerset and Bath and North East Somerset): 2002 / 2003 (Source: Chartered Institute of Environmental Health by personal communication (2004) as cited at www.swenvo.org.uk)

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The pertinent data are:

Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / Issues for the targets LDF

Topic: Human Health Within Wiltshire, Kennet had the For Wiltshire and The Wiltshire Strategic Analysis 2002 lowest index at Swindon the indirectly infers that Kennet is a wealthy area. 76.2 and West Wiltshire the age-standardised highest at 82.2 (Swindon had an index was 83.9 against index of 95.0). a figure of 100 for England. 54,865 or 10.5% of all residents reported having an illness that restricted their lives. Self Reported The Annual Report Limiting Long (1997) of the Director Term Illness of Public Health for the (Data Source 10) Wiltshire Health Authority noted that ‘at the aggregate population level in the community areas, the lower the average income for economically active residents, the higher tended to be the level

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / Issues for the targets LDF of self-reported LLTI over all ages.’ Sout Englan Although, generally, health in the District Kenne h d and is ‘good’, the LDF may include a policy t West Wales that encourages healthy lifestyles through 68. the protection of existing open spaces. General health: Good1 73.7 68.6 9 Policies that reduce the distance travelled to places of work, and improve cycle and Health status General health: Fairly 22. 1 20.2 22.2 walking paths, may aid the Percentage of good 6 encouragement of people walking or resident General health: Not 6.1 8.5 9.2 cycling to places of employment, as population in good1 opposed to the use of the private car. each group, People with a limiting 18. 14.1 18.2 The SA Framework should include a April 2001 long-term illness1 1 policy to encourage more healthy (Data Source 11) People of working age 12. lifestyles. with a limiting long-term 9.7 13.6 7 illness1 Households with one or 33. more person with a 27.8 34.1 1 1 limiting long-term illness England Data not comparable, South Life Kennet and unable to identify trend. West expectancy at Wales birth (years), Life Expectancy at 2001-2003 78.0 77.4 76.1 Birth, Males1 2 (Data Source 1, Life Expectancy at 2, 11) 81.6 81.8 80. Birth, Females1 2

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / Issues for the targets LDF 1 Please Note: Two local authorities, City of London and Isles of Scilly, are excluded from the results because of small numbers of deaths and populations in these areas - this is shown in the data by the use of the symbol '..' 2 National Statistics Wiltshire 2003: Female = 81 years, Male = 76.7 The most common causes of death in Wiltshire (Standardised Mortality Ratio (SMR) - summary measure of a community's mortality, taking account of the age and sex structure of the population. The SMR of England and Wales = 100. Areas with less than 100, have fewer deaths than would be expected, those with more, have a greater number) (actual average per year is given in brackets) To be considered Live births outside marriage

illness g Health Statistics 1999 s as a % of all standin

(Data Source 25) g Percentage of all persons with limiting lon Live Birth Rate per 1,000 population Total Fertility Rate Percentage of all live births Jointly registered at same address Births under 2,500 gram Death rate per 1,000 population Standardised Ratio Mortality Wiltshire 11.7 1.75 28.7 72.9 6.5 9.9 88 10.4 Kennet 11.3 1.62 28.0 80.6 7.1 9.1 81 9.9 North Wilts 12.2 1.77 24.8 72.5 6.4 9.2 90 9.8 Salisbury 10.5 1.55 29.0 69.0 6.8 10.7 91 11.0 West Wilts 12.6 2.09 33.2 72.2 5.9 10.5 89 10.8

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / Issues for the targets LDF

Exercise Rates Data Gap Kennet and North Wiltshire PCT rating: 1 star To be considered “This means your trust is showing some cause for concern regarding particular key targets, or across many balanced scorecard indicators” KEY TARGETS Access to a GP 9 Access to a Primary Care Professional (PCP) 9 Drug misusers accessing treatment 9 Access to Elective patients waiting longer than 9 Health Care standard 2004/5 Financial Management X (Data Source 3) Four-week smoking quitters 9 Outpatients waiting longer than standard 9 Total time in A&E: four hours or less - Legend: Achieved 9; Underachieved – ; Significantly underachieved X; Not Applicable N/A Although Kennet’s population are relatively healthy, the PCT rating is poor. However, the targets relating to access have been achieved.

Social Exclusion Kennet is a relatively prosperous area - but this overall picture conceals pockets of deprivation, and aspects of community life which are problematic for some residents (http://www.communitysafety.info/_kennet/). Kennet is among the 20% least deprived local authority areas in the country, ranked 288th out of 354.Out of 44 ‘Super Output Areas’, none are in the 30% most deprived, but 5 are in the 50% most deprived SOAs in the country. 16 of these areas are within the 20% least deprived. 44 of the areas are among the 20% lowest crime SOAs in the country, with 1 in the highest 50%.The SOA

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with the highest rate of crime also had the highest level of overall deprivation in Kennet. (http://www.wiltshire.police.uk/publications/crmdrgaudit/PART_2_Chapter_1.pdf) The indices of deprivation produced in 2000 found three parishes in the worst 5% for access to services in England and three parishes in the bottom 25% for education, skills and training. This issue is hidden in the 2001 census data for Kennet, which identifies those with no qualifications in Kennet to be 23.12% compared to a national average of 29.08%. (Kennet Housing Strategy 2004-2008)

Area Average Rank of average IMD score IMD (1 most deprived local score authority area in country, 354 least deprived) Kennet 10.02 304 North 9.41 314 Wiltshire Salisbury 12.02 264 West Wiltshire 12.95 247 Test Valley 9.46 313 Winchester 7.17 340 Bournemouth 22.29 109 Southampton 23.29 96 Source: ODPM, Indices of Deprivation 2004

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The pertinent data are:

Indicator Current Data Comparators and targets Trend Issues for sustainability / Issues for the LDF

Topic: Communities Indices of Deprivation 2000 The SA Framework should include an objective to reduce inequalities across

rank the District. The LDF may include Scale Scale Local

Rank of policies to enable the provision of ward ranks Extent rank Extent mixed communities with access to beneficiaries beneficiaries Employment Employment Nov 2000(%) Concentration Indices of of ward scores homes, employment and community Rank of Income Rank of average Rank of average Rank of average Income Support Income Support Deprivation facilities. 2000 Wiltshire ------5 (Data Source Kennet 313 314 289 285 15 304 4 25) 8 North Wilts 257 228 304 307 15 278 5 8 Salisbury 245 230 260 259 15 248 5 8 West Wilts 223 210 254 250 15 247 5 8 South England To be considered Kennet Tenure: West and Wales percentage of 1 Owner occupied: Owns outright 29.1 34.1 29.5 households, Owner occupied: Owns with a 35.8 38.4 38.8 April 2001 mortgage or loan1 (Data Source Rented from: Council (local 1.7 7.7 13.2 11) authority)1

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and targets Trend Issues for sustainability / Issues for the LDF

Rented from: Housing Association 16.9 5.8 6.0 / Registered Social Landlord1 Rented from: Private landlord or 7.7 9.6 8.7 letting agency1 1 Rented from: Other 8.5 3.8 3.2 1 National Statistics There is a higher than average proportion of people renting from ‘other’ within the District. This may be people in armed forces accommodation. There is a lower than average proportion of people who own their own property within the District. The average house price within Kennet is currently £170,100 Between 2002 and The high house prices within Kennet compared to a national average of £119,436. 2003 the average may cause unbalanced communities in This places particular strains on those on low incomes particularly the price for a home in that those with low incomes may be elderly and the young. The problem is compounded in the villages South West region priced out of the market. The LDF where many young people are no longer able to afford a home in increased by 12 should encourage a mix of housing their own community and where they are often competing with per cent, types and tenures in new development second home owners, who account for 1.47% of the total housing compared with to promote mixed communities and Property stock compared to an average of 0.76% within the Daventry England where the help to reduce pockets of deprivation. prices Benchmark Group of authorities. average rise was (Data Source Average House Price (all property types) mid 2003 also 12 per cent. 11, 25) *Marlborough CA £263,603 *Pewsey CA £254,890 *Devizes CA £195,211 *Tidworth/Ludgershall £166,373 CA *Kennet as a whole £222,910 **South West £144,903

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and targets Trend Issues for sustainability / Issues for the LDF **Outer South East £160,609 *Land Registry ** Nationwide Building Society

Recorded Kennet Crime rates are low with 8.72 crimes in Notifiable Offences burglaries per 1,000 population Kennet , Recorded by the Police and 4.93 vehicle crimes per 2003/04 - Violence Against the 468 1,000 population (2002/3). (Data Source Person, Offences Wiltshire is one of the lowest Recorded1 2 11, 27) 1 National crime areas in the Country. Statistics Notifiable Offences Recorded by the Police 2 In order to protect 10 confidentiality, all - Robbery, Offences counts lower than Recorded1 2 three have been suppressed. Please Notifiable Offences Recorded by the Police note that the 235 introduction of the - Burglary in a Dwelling, National Crime Offences Recorded1 2 Recording Standard (NCRS) has resulted in some increase in levels of recorded

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and targets Trend Issues for sustainability / Issues for the LDF crime from 2002/03 Notifiable Offences onwards. Please Recorded by the Police note that due to - Theft of a Motor 114 differences in the methods used to Vehicle, Offences 1 2 derive totals, the Recorded data presented may Notifiable Offences not be additive Recorded by the Police between 361 - Theft from a Vehicle, geographies. 1 2 Offences Recorded

A2.4 Population Summary At the 2001 Census Kennet had a population of 74,838, an increase of 4.7% from the 1991 census. In comparison, the population of Wiltshire as a whole increased by 10%, and the South West Region by 6.9% over the same period. In mid 2003, Kennet had 75,700 residents.

Kennet is a predominantly rural area of great natural beauty on the eastern side of Wiltshire. It is one of the most sparsely populated Districts in England: its population, estimated in 1998 at around 80,000, is scattered among small towns and villages - only Tidworth, Devizes, Marlborough, Pewsey and Ludgershall have populations exceeding 3,000 (http://www.communitysafety.info/_kennet/).

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The pertinent data are:

Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF Topic: Population Between 1991-2001 Wiltshire’s population grew from 400,060 to an estimated 435,350, an increase of 8.8%. From 2001-2011 it is projected that the population will Total rise to 466,300, an Population increase of 7.1%. Net in- by District migration is expected to Council account for 79% of this Area for 31,000 increase. Wiltshire The 50-64 year old age County band will exhibit the (Data Source largest increase of any 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10) age band (approximately 13,000 more people), from 2001-2011. Those aged 80 years and above will number 22,000 people by 2011 (a 20% increase on 2001).

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF

In mid-2003 Kennet had an estimated 75,700 residents. This compares with the 2001 Census figure of 74,838 residents

Change 1991-2001: 3,500 (4.7% increase) England and Wales Rank: 149/376 Regional Rank: 33/45 KENNET Value WILTS Value The SA Framework should 2001 2001 include an objective to Total 74838 Total 432973 maintain a balanced Number Number population structure. The of of People LDF may want to People encourage the provision of Age Males 37550 a mix of house types and Breakdown Females 37288 Aged 0- 88,636 tenures, employment (Data Source Aged 0- 15288 15 (20.5%) opportunities and 1, 2) 15 (20.4 Aged 16- 310,124 community facilities. %) 74 (71.6%) Aged 16- 53886 Aged 75 34,213 74 (72%) and over (7.9%) Aged 75 5664 and over (7.6%)

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF

Populatio n Density West North Kennet

(Per County Salisbury Wiltshire Wiltshire hectare) Wiltshire

Density Populatio 432,9 74,8 125,3 114,61 118,1 (number of n 73 38 72 3 50 people per Area 324,5 96,4 76,56 100,10 51,50 hectare) 2001 (Hectares) 60 00 0 0 0 (Data Source 1, Density 1.33 0.78 1.64 1.14 2.29 2, 6, 10) Only 5 of the 35 County Council areas in England have a population less than Wiltshire’s, and only 6 have fewer persons per hectare i.e. are less densely populated.

National Average population density: 3.45 (Kennet Housing Strategy) England The LDF may wish to Kenne South and t West encourage the provision Wales of places of worship for Religion, People stating April 2001 all represented religions. religion as: 77.9 74.0 71.8 (Data Source The SA Framework may Christian1 11) include an objective to People stating encourage the religion as: 0.2 0.2 0.3 integration of mixed Buddhist1

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF People stating communities. 0.1 0.2 1.1 religion as: Hindu1 People stating 0.1 0.1 0.5 religion as: Jewish1 People stating 0.2 0.5 3.0 religion as: Muslim1 People stating 0.0 0.1 0.6 religion as: Sikh1 People stating religion as: Other 0.4 0.4 0.3 religions1 People stating religion as: No 14.3 16.8 14.8 religion1 People stating religion as: Religion 6.8 7.8 7.7 1 not stated

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF South England The SA Framework Kennet West and Wales should include an Percentages; objective to encourage 98.6 97.7 91.3 White1 the integration of new Percentages; 0.6 0.8 1.3 communities into Mixed1 existing communities, Percentages; especially for minority Asian or Asian 0.2 0.7 4.4 Ethnic groups. British1 Group, April Percentages; 2001 (Data Source Black or Black 0.2 0.4 2.2 1 11) British Percentages; Chinese or 0.4 0.5 0.9 Other Ethnic Group1 Kennet has a lower percentage of non-white ethnic groups when compared to the south west as a whole. Compared to England and Wales, the south west has a smaller proportion of people from non-white ethnic groups. The LDF and SA will need to ensure that the Population plan and new Projections development can (Data Source 12) accommodate the projected growth in a

sustainable manner.

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF

The population of the ‘Northern Sub Area’ is not projected to increase greatly, compared to the south west projected population growth.

A2.5 Landscape In common with the cultural heritage and biodiversity topics, Kennet’s landscape is also one of great importance on a national scale. Largely rural and agricultural in character, 60% of the District lies within the North Wessex Downs AONB – designated in 1972, it is the largest AONB in South East England and the third largest nationally, covering parts of Wiltshire, Hampshire and Oxfordshire. Although the North Wessex Downs has chalk downlands at its backbone, the AONB is made up of a variety of landscape types which range from open downland, river valleys and vales, and wooded plateau. A further 20% of the District has been appointed a Special Landscape Area. There are 11 Landscape Character areas, identified by the Landscape Character Assessment, which are listed in the table below. The major physical features of the District are the extensive chalk downlands of the Marlborough Downs, to the north, and Salisbury Plain to the south.

The LCA divides Kennet into 11 character areas. These are: AREA CHARACTERISTICS Avebury Lower chalk plateau extending from Silbury Hill to Broad Hinton. The area is characterised by large arable fields below the scarp Plain slope and to the north west of Avebury, and by enclosed pasture and arable fields forming the settings of the settlements of Winterbourne Monkton, Winterbourne Bassett and Broad Hinton. The winterbourne upper reaches of the River Kennet flow in a south westerly direction through the Avebury Plain. The area has suffered from the insensitive intensification of agriculture, which

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has led to the removal of many hedges and to the formation of large arable fields. Marlborough An area of high chalk uplands with a distinct scarp slope to the north and west and the valley of the River Kennet to the south. The Downs chalk plateau forms an expansive landscape of open rolling downland, mostly under intensive arable farming but with areas of remnant chalk grassland on the steeper slopes. It is dissected by deep, dry valleys and the valleys of the Rivers Og and Aldbourne, which flow through the area from north to south as winterbourne streams. Racing stables and extensive gallops form another distinctive feature of the area. The dominant middle and upper chalk of the Marlborough Downs is liberally covered with the distinctive sarsen stones (grey wethers), which are particularly prevalent on the Fyfield Down SSSI. Large parts of the area have suffered from agricultural intensification, particularly with the conversion of chalk grassland to arable. The intrusion and potential adverse impacts of gallops associated with the racing industry is also important in the context of change on the high chalk downland. Savernake Forms the southern part of the chalk block of the Marlborough Downs, and is separated from the previous area (Area 2) by the River Plateau Kennet. The Savernake Plateau is characterised by its extensive woodland cover and a strong landscape structure. This has developed as a direct result of the underlying geology, where a thick layer of clay with flints overlies the chalk. In the river valleys this tends to merge into floodplains with alluvial deposits. This Savernake Plateau contains large expanses of ancient semi-natural forest, most notably Savernake Forest. Additionally, the landscape is characterised by a mosaic of farmland and woodland blocks, which contrasts with the wide open spaces of the open downland to the north and west. The valley of the River Dun, through which the Kennet & Avon Canal and the main railway to the south west of England run, forms a significant feature of the eastern part of the area. The settlement pattern tends towards valley floor settlements such as Froxfield and Great Bedwyn, with some exceptions, most notably Chisbury. There are large numbers of Scheduled Ancient Monuments including many tumuli, the Wansdyke, and Roman villa remains. The area has suffered from the intensification of agriculture and forestry, which has led to the conversion of pasture into arable farmland and the planting of coniferous plantations. Horton Horton Down is an area of high chalk downland located to the west of the Savernake Plateau and between the Avebury Plain to the Down north and the Vale of Pewsey to the south. The rolling landscape occupies a ridge of Upper and Middle chalk, with the highest land in the County along the southern ridge. The land drops steeply in a dramatic scarp slope into the Vale of Pewsey, with a much more gentle dip slope, and a series of steep sided dry valleys towards the River Kennet and Avebury Plain to the north. The area is dominated by intensive arable farmland, with few hedges or boundary distinctions. This large area of downland contains no settlements and only three isolated farms.

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The Horton Down landscape has been the subject of significant agricultural intensification, resulting in the loss of much of the permanent pasture which was so characteristic of the downland. Salisbury Salisbury Plain forms a vast expanse of unimproved chalk grassland which is almost unique in northern Europe. It was cleared of Plain woodland in prehistoric times and is now best described as an ancient landscape. This area comprises a major chalk block running across the south of the Kennet District. It is well defined by the scarp slope often including strip lynchettes, rising along the southern edge of the Vale of Pewsey, and forms the southern boundary of the District extending from Chute Forest in the east to the District boundary in the west. Salisbury Plain is dominated by extensive areas of unimproved grassland, which are surrounded by intensively farmed arable land. Large parts of the area are unenclosed and treeless, giving Salisbury Plain a unique, very remote character. The presence of the military ranges on Salisbury Plain is undoubtedly the biggest influence in terms of both visual landscape and the audible presence of military training. The Larkhill and Westdown artillery ranges are particularly untamed and inaccessible, forming one of most isolated areas in England. Everleigh is the only settlement on Salisbury Plain in Kennet, but there are airfields at Netheravon and Upavon (Trenchard Lines), which also has a golf course. The historic landscape and archaeology of Salisbury Plain are particularly well preserved, as are the flora and fauna of the grassland, resulting in its designation as a Site of Special Scientific Interest, a Special Protection Area for birds and a Special Area of Conservation. Chute Forest To the east of Salisbury Plain and divided from it by the Bourne Valley, Chute Forest is a large block of chalk upland which supports extensive areas of woodland and a network of hedgerows and trees. The rolling, wooded downland is dissected by a number of dry valleys creating a much more intimate landscape than the wide open spaces of the other chalk downlands of the District. The military presence in the south west corner of the area is significant and associated with the settlements of Ludgershall and Tidworth, the latter of which is a major army garrison. Kennet The Kennet Valley cuts a swathe through the Marlborough Downs from Avebury in the west to Chilton Foliat on the eastern Valley boundary of the district. It is characterised by a narrow strip of flood plain running through a fairly shallow valley, which becomes progressively steeper sided towards the east of the District. There are a string of settlements along the Kennet Valley, with Marlborough being the dominant town, and a number of thriving villages and hamlets both to the west and east. The Kennet Valley contains many historic remains, the most dramatic being Silbury Hill at the western end of the area, but also including large numbers of tumuli and the site of the Roman town of Cunetio at Mildenhall. Historic Parks and Gardens are found at Ramsbury Manor and Marlborough College and there are many designated statutory and non-statutory sites of nature conservation

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interest, including the River Kennet itself, east of Marlborough. Salisbury The valley of the Salisbury Avon cuts through Salisbury Plain from north to south, from Upavon on the southern edge of the Vale of Avon Valley Pewsey to Netheravon on the District boundary to the south. The river valley is cut through the upper and middle chalk of Salisbury Plain to form a valley floor of alluvium and valley gravels. The valley is steep sided and narrow and the River Avon meanders along the valley floor. The valley floor is dominated by pasture, often in conjunction with remnant water meadows, ditches and streams, with a landscape structure created by hedgerows, willows, alder and introduced poplar. There are sporadic settlements along the length of the valley often concentrated just above the flood plain of the river The Salisbury Avon Valley falls within the Salisbury Plain Special Landscape Area, a small part of the valley around Netheravon is within an Environmentally Sensitive Area and the River Avon itself is designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest and Special Area of Conservation. Vale of The Vale of Pewsey is a broad valley which separates the two chalk blocks of the Marlborough Downs to the north and Salisbury Pewsey Plain to the south both of which are visible from across the Vale. This landscape area encompasses the predominantly greensand vale running from the County boundary to the east, through the head waters of the Salisbury Avon in the broad central section, to the greensand ridge between Salisbury Plain and the Bristol Avon Clay Vale which adjoins the District boundary to the west. The Vale of Pewsey is dominated by intensive agriculture, which is nowhere more prevalent than on the transition between the lower chalk and the upper greensand beneath the scarp slopes of the surrounding chalk masses. In these parts of the Vale arable farming in large hedgeless fields dominates. Features of the Vale of Pewsey include the Kennet & Avon Canal and the main London to West Country railway, both of which run in parallel from east to west along the centre of the Vale. Additionally, the high tension power lines running east to west along the Vale are a major visual intrusion. The Vale of Pewsey has been the agricultural hub of eastern Wiltshire for hundreds of years. The village of Pewsey lies at the centre of the Vale and surrounding it are the largest concentration of villages, hamlets and farms in the District. Although the majority of the Vale of Pewsey landscape area lies within the North Wessex Downs AONB the landscape has been significantly weakened by agricultural intensification. Bristol Avon To the west of the District the land drops away from the greensand of the Pewsey Vale in a greensand scarp into the Bristol Avon Clay Vale Clay Vale. The Vale forms part of a much larger landscape area which covers much of lowland west Wiltshire. Although topographically almost flat, with a few gentle undulations, it is a complex geological mix of lower greensand, Kimmeridge and Oxford clays, gault, Portland Beds and Calcareous grit. The area is dominated by a strong structure of hedgerows and trees. The Bristol Avon Clay Vale is not covered by any national or local landscape designations.

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Spye The Spye Parklands forms a small Landscape Character Area in the north western corner of the District, which extends into a larger Parklands area beyond the District boundaries. The area is dominated by the woodland of Spye Park and the surrounding estate farmland. The geology of lower greensand overlain by calcareous grit and Oxford clay gives rise to acidic sandy soils. The topography of the area is a complex mixture of steep sided small valleys, small hills and a sandy plateau. At the District boundary the ground drops steeply away into the Bristol Avon Clay Vale. Unlike any other parts of the District, the combination of clay and sand has allowed the development of small areas of heathland on the sand and damp woodland on the heavier clays. The Spye Parklands also fall within a Special Landscape Area and large parts of it are Sites of Nature Conservation Importance or SSSI. (Kennet Landscape and Conservation Strategy)

Special Landscape Areas Special Landscape Areas (SLA) are local designations identified by Wiltshire County Council in the Structure Plan. Two SLAs lie partly in Kennet District:- Salisbury Plain SLA; and Spye and Bowood Parklands SLA.

Landscape Character Results from the Countryside Agency “Countryside Quality Counts” reports show changes in the character of the landscape character areas over the period 1990 to 1998. Changes were classified using the following categories: • Marked changes consistent with character; • Marked changes inconsistent with character; • Some changes inconsistent with character; • Limited changes but consistent with maintaining character; and • Small or limited changes consistent with character.

The overall results are shown below: Character Area with statement of overall change- Marked changes inconsistent with character in Kennet: • Avon Vale • Salisbury Plain

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Some changes inconsistent with character in Kennet: • Berkshire and Marlborough Downs

A review of the reports to determine the reasons for change identified transport related pressures in several of the character area profiles. Those which relate to Kennet are as follows:

Berkshire and Marlborough Downs • Pressure for new roads and improvements to existing roads • Pressure for new motorway services, petrol stations & other associated developments on major routes • Recreational pressures from conflicting interest between walkers, motor-cyclists and off-road vehicles on downland tracks.

Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs • There are several trunk roads across the Plain and the A303 runs directly past Stonehenge. There are strong pressures to upgrade the road to dual carriageway at this point and other road improvements could have significant impacts.

(Source: Countryside Quality Counts. Countryside Agency).

Part of the appeal of the rural nature of Wiltshire, particularly within the AONBs, is the tranquillity provided in these locations. County level data is not available for tranquillity, but at a regional scale the map below shows how the area of tranquillity decreased from the early 1960s through to the early 1990s.

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(Source: CPRE and Countryside Agency 1995 cited at www.swenvo.org)

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The pertinent data are:

Indicator Data Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / Source targets Issues for the LDF Topic: Landscape and Townscape Almost two-thirds of Kennet Approximately 43% of See Review of other Plans District lies within the North Wiltshire lies within an and Programmes for a Wessex Downs AONB. AONB summary of the AONB Avebury World Heritage Site is The Cotswolds AONB Action Plan. wholly situated within this covers the western AONB. extreme of North Wiltshire and the north- west tip of West Areas of Wiltshire. Outstanding The Cranborne Chase Natural Beauty and West Wiltshire (AONB) Downs AONB covers a (Data Source large area of Salisbury 51/52) district and the southern portion of West Wiltshire. 53% of Dorset's total land area 21% of the surface area of Hampshire is AONB designated Quiet Lanes Pewsey Vale Quiet Lanes Network introduced in July (Data Source 36) 2004.

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Indicator Data Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / Source targets Issues for the LDF Environmentall South Wessex Downs y Sensitive Avon Valley Areas (Data Source 38) Landscape see above Wiltshire is covered by Character the following (Data Source 37, Countryside Agency 34) Landscape Character Areas: ƒ Cotswolds ƒ Avon Vale ƒ Mid-Vale Ridge (very small area) ƒ Upper Thames Clay Vales ƒ Berkshire and Marlborough Downs ƒ Thames Basin Heath (very small area) ƒ Hampshire Downs ƒ Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs ƒ Blackmoor Vale and the Vale of Wardour ƒ Dorset Downs and Cranbourne Chase

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Indicator Data Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / Source targets Issues for the LDF ƒ New Forest

ƒ Swindon is covered by the following Countryside Agency Landscape Character Areas: ƒ Mid Vale Ridge ƒ Upper Thames Clay Vales ƒ Berkshire and Marlborough Downs ƒ 8 Character Areas defined for Swindon in SPG ‘Landscape Character Areas’: ƒ High Downs ƒ Downs Plain ƒ Scarp ƒ Wroughton Vale ƒ Lydiard Ridge ƒ Midvale Ridge ƒ Vale of White Horse ƒ Thames Vale

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A2.6 Culture and Heritage Summary Kennet contains a wealth of archaeological and architectural features, including the combined World Heritage Site of Avebury, the Norman castle at Ludgershall, and the more recent industrial archaeological features such as the Kennet and Avon Canal. Five of the eight visible white chalk Wiltshire horses can be seen in Kennet.

The Avebury site includes the remains of the largest stone circle in the British Isles, the longest stone avenue (West Kennet), one of the longest Neolithic burial mounds (West Kennet long barrow) , one of the largest causewayed enclosures (Windmill Hill), and the largest prehistoric mound in Europe (Silbury Hill).

There are also approximately 4,000 listed buildings, 8 Historic Parks, and 500 Scheduled Ancient Monuments. The site of the Battle of Roundway Down (1643) is North of Devizes.

The pertinent data are:

Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF Topic: Cultural Heritage Since its inscription on the See Review of Plans and World Heritage List, jointly with Programmes. Stonehenge, in 1986, the Avebury World principal prehistoric sites within The LDF and the SA Heritage Site this landscape have been should have regard for and (Data Source 18, universally acknowledged as of protect areas with 44) international cultural historical, archaeological significance. The monument or cultural importance includes remains of the largest from potential stone circle in the British Isles, development impacts.

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF the longest stone avenue (West Kennet), one of the longest Neolithic burial mounds (West Kennet long barrow) , one of the largest causewayed enclosures (Windmill Hill), and the largest prehistoric mound in Europe (Silbury Hill). As well as these key monuments, the landscape contains a wealth of archaeological remains including well-preserved Bronze Age round barrows which belong to one of the greatest concentrations of round barrows in the country. Over 330 archaeological sites are known within the WHS, 160 of which are Scheduled Monuments. There are 69 settlements in the Settlements District conserved for their (Data Source 30) historical value. Number of There are currently around Wiltshire and Swindon To be considered. listed buildings 4000 listed buildings and have approximately (Data Source 18, structures in Kennet, of which 14,000 listed buildings. 30) approximately 50 are Grade 1, Grade I listed buildings

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF and therefore considered to be include Salisbury of exceptional national interest. Cathedral, Wilton House and Wardour Castle. There are nearly 500 Scheduled The LDF and the SA Ancient Monuments in the should have regard for and Scheduled District protect areas with Ancient historical, archaeological Monuments or cultural importance (Data Source 41) from potential development impacts. Number of In Wiltshire there are The LDF and the SA archaeological approximately 4,500 should have regard for and sites of interest sites of prehistoric protect areas with (Data Source 38) remains, and over historical, archaeological 14,000 sites of Roman or cultural importance and medieval remains, from potential including 50 known development impacts. Roman villa sites. Historic Battle of Roundway Down (1643) fought between Royalists Battlefields and Parliamentarians in the English Civil War. Site is North (Data Source 19) of Devizes. Only Historic Battlefield in Wiltshire Conservation Wiltshire and Swindon: Wiltshire Structure Plan Areas > 250 conservation 2001 - 2011 gives priority (Data Source 34, areas for preserving and 32,38) Swindon: 28 enhancing the special W.Wilts: 39 character of 22 settlements. The LDF

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF should consider the requirements of the Structure Plan when devising policies. The SA should include an objective to protect and enhance protected areas. The District contains eight sites There are 10 Historic The LDF and the SA included on the English Parks and Gardens in should have regard for and Heritage Register of Parks and Wiltshire (8 are in protect areas with Gardens of Special Historic Kennet) historical, archaeological Interest: or cultural importance Historic Parks • Biddesden House from potential and Gardens • Conock Manor development impacts (Data Source 30) • Littlecote House • Marlborough College • Oare House • Ramsbury Manor • Tottenham Park • Spye Park Kennet- Key facts 2001 2003 The LDF and the SA ƒ 219,000 trips by staying ƒ 1300 full time jobs should seek to protect and Tourism 2001 visitors supported by enhance the features of (Data Source 46, ƒ 710,000 staying visitor tourism the District which attract 48) nights ƒ Tourism valued at visitors to the area. ƒ £33,722,000 spend by £67million per However, encouraging staying visitors annum tourism development

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF ƒ 3,167,000 day visits should be done in a ƒ £74,626,000 spend by day sustainable manner, with visitors transport to tourist ƒ £8,009,000 other tourism attractions a key issue to related spend be considered. ƒ 2,826 jobs related to tourism spending ƒ 7% of employment is supported by tourism

A2.7 Biodiversity, flora and fauna Summary European Designations Kennet is an important area for biodiversity, and contains either in full or part, 4 out of the10 Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) in Wiltshire. Part of Salisbury Plain, 1 of 2 Special Protection Areas (SPA) in Wiltshire, is within Kennet District Council. These are areas of European level designation. The primary reasons for the selection of these sites are as follows (Source: Joint Nature Conservation Committee).

Site and Area Primary Reason/s for Designation (Habitats and/or Species) Salisbury Plain SAC and SPA. Salisbury Plain represents the best remaining example in the UK of lowland juniper scrub on chalk. Area: SAC: 21,466ha. SPA: Salisbury Plain in central southern England is believed to be the largest surviving semi-natural dry grassland within the 19,715ha EU and is therefore the most important site for this habitat in the UK. This site probably contains the largest area of 6210 semi-natural dry grassland in the Atlantic Biogeographical Region. Salisbury Plain represents marsh fritillary in chalk grassland in central southern England, and contains a cluster of large

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Site and Area Primary Reason/s for Designation (Habitats and/or Species) sub-populations where the species breeds on dry calcareous grassland. Salisbury Plain SPA is important for breeding populations of Stone Curlew and over-wintering populations of Hen Harrier. River Avon SAC The Avon in southern England is a large, lowland river system that includes sections running through chalk and clay, with transitions between the two. Five aquatic Ranunculus species occur in the river system, but stream water- Area: 490ha crowfoot and river water-crowfoot are the main dominants.

There is an extensive population of Desmoulin’s whorl snail along about 20 km of the margins and associated wetlands of the Rivers Avon, Bourne and Wylye. The Avon represents sea lamprey in a high-quality river in the southern part of its range. The Avon is a high-quality river that represents the southern part of the range of brook lamprey. The Avon in southern England represents a south coast chalk river supporting Atlantic salmon. There has been limited modification of the river course by comparison with many other southern lowland rivers in England. The Avon represents bullhead in a calcareous, relatively unmodified river in the southern part of its range in England. Pewsey Downs SAC This site is situated on the southern edge of the Marlborough Downs on the Wiltshire chalk and consists largely of semi-natural dry grassland. It contains a large population of the nationally scarce burnt orchid. The uncommon green- Area: 154ha winged orchid, autumn lady’s-tresses and frog orchid are also present, together with a rich assemblage of more widespread species, including bee orchid, fragrant orchid and pyramidal orchid.

Pewsey Downs is one of three sites selected in the central part of the range for early gentian. It holds a very significant population of hundreds of thousands of plants growing in high-quality chalk grassland

Kennet and Lambourn The cluster of sites selected in the Kennet and Lambourn valleys supports one of the most extensive known Floodplain SAC populations of Desmoulin’s whorl snail in the UK and is one of two sites representing the species in the south-western Area: 115ha part of its range in the important chalk stream habitat.

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To demonstrate the importance of Salisbury Plain on an international scale as the largest area of flower rich chalk grassland in North West Europe the European Commission (EC) have agreed to contribute 50% of the total project cost for a major four-year restoration project called the Salisbury Plain LIFE Project, which is being led by English Nature,. The project began in September 2001 and has the objective to improve the conservation management at four sites:

• Salisbury Plain; • Porton Down; • Parsonage Down National Nature Reserve (NNR); and • Pewsey Downs National Nature Reserve (NNR).

Another project underway which is receiving European funding is the River Avon SAC LIFE project. This is part of the “Life in UK Rivers” programme which is developing conservation strategies on seven UK SAC rivers. The strategy for the River Avon will guide the management of the river over the next ten years. The River Avon SAC Conservation Strategy details several building developments and road schemes proposed within the Avon SAC catchment. The potential impacts on the SAC from these developments are pollution of the river system during construction, runoff during operation/usage, indirect pressures on the river if floodplain dynamics are altered, increased demand on water resources in the area, increased need for sewage disposal, and fragmentation of habitat.

National and Local Designations Of national importance there are 20 Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) within Kennet District, 2 of which are also National Nature Reserves (NNRs). In addition there are 6 Regionally Important Geological or Geomorphological Sites (RIGS), and 363 Sites of Nature Conservation Importance (SNCIs). English Nature reports on the condition of SSSIs, grading them into six categories. The Government has set a Public Service Agreement for 95% of SSSI to be in the top two categories by 2010. The current figure for Wiltshire is 86.95% which shows an improvement over the 77.49% reported on the English Nature website in March 2005, prior to some of the site condition information being updated.

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County: Wiltshire Jan 2006 % Area meeting PSA % Area % Area unfavourable % Area unfavourable no % Area unfavourable % Area destroyed / part target favourable recovering change declining destroyed 85.89% 53.92% 31.97% 5.62% 8.49% 0.00%

Other Biodiversity Kennet is included within the Wiltshire Biological Action Plan (BAP) which includes nine habitat action plans and one species action plan (bats). Of the habitats within Wiltshire, chalk grassland is one of the most important, with the county holding over 50% of the UK’s resource of flower rich chalk grassland.

The pertinent data are:

Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF Topic: Biodiversity • the River Avon, south of 10 SACs in Wiltshire & Upavon; Swindon Legislation affecting • Salisbury Plain; • Bath and Bradford protected areas will Special Areas • the Kennet and Lambourne on Avon Bats potentially affect Plan, and for Floodplain to the east of the • Chilmark Quarries will guide the pattern of Conservation District; and • Great Yews development, so needs to (SAC) • Pewsey Downs National • Kennet and be considered. (Data Source Nature Reserve Lambourn The SA Framework should 31,30) Floodplain include an objective to • New Forest protect and enhance areas • North Meadow and designated for their Clattinger farm biodiversity.

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF • Pewsey Downs • Prescombe Down • River Avon • Salisbury Plain Wiltshire holds over 50% of the UK’s resource of flower rich chalk grassland. (CCFC 2004 Part of Salisbury Plain is within 2 SPAs in Wiltshire & Legislation affecting Kennet District Council Swindon protected areas will Salisbury Plain is the largest area of • Salisbury Plain potentially affect Plan, and Special chalk grassland in NW Europe. • Porton Down will guide the pattern of Protection (Over 41% of the total) development, so needs to Areas (SPA) be considered. (Data Source 31, The SA Framework should 5) include an objective to protect and enhance areas designated for their biodiversity. Jan 2006 136 SSSIs English Nature target to Wiltshire Area May 2005 have 95% of SSSI in Legislation affecting Sites of Special Favourable: 53.92% % Area Favourable or protected areas will Scientific Unfavourable recovering: 31.97% Favourable: 53.37% Unfavourable Recovering potentially affect Plan, and Interest (SSSI) Unfavourable no change: 5.62% Unfavourable categories by 2010. will guide the pattern of (Data Source 31, Unfavourable declining : 8.49% recovering: 33.58 development, so needs to 28) Destroyed/part destroyed: 0% Unfavourable no Currently there is a be considered.

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF change: 5.25% positive trend The SA Framework should Unfavourable declining : include an objective to 7.8% protect and enhance areas Destroyed/part designated for their destroyed: 0% biodiversity. March 2005 % Area Favourable: 52.93% Unfavourable recovering: 24.56% Unfavourable no change: 6.32% Unfavourable declining : 16.19% Destroyed/part destroyed: 0% 2 NNRs in Kennet: 7 NNRs in Wiltshire and Legislation affecting • Pewsey Downs SSSI and NNR Swindon protected areas will (3 parcels) potentially affect Plan, and National • Fyfield Down SSSI and NNR • Fyfield Down - will guide the pattern of Nature Kennet development, so needs to Reserves • Langley Wood and be considered. (NNR) Homan’s Copse - The SA Framework should (Data Source 31, Salisbury include an objective to 30) • North Meadow, protect and enhance areas Cricklade (Spotlight designated for their reserve) – N.Wilts biodiversity.

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF • Parsonage Down - Salisbury • Pewsey Downs - Kennet • Prescombe Down - Salisbury • Wylye & Church Dean Downs - Salisbury 4 other LNRs in rest of Legislation affecting 3 LNRs in Kennet Wiltshire protected areas will • Drews Pond Wood • Avon Valley - potentially affect Plan, and • Oakfrith Wood Salisbury will guide the pattern of • Scotchel Nature Reserve • Bemerton Heath development, so needs to and Barnard's Folly - be considered. Local Nature Salisbury The SA Framework should Reserves (LNR) • Flouse Hole - include an objective to (Data Source 31, Salisbury protect and enhance areas 34) • Smallbrook designated for their Meadows – W.Wilts biodiversity. 4 LNRs in Swindon • Coate Water • Seven Fields • Stanton Park • Barbary Castle County Approximately 1,500 in Swindon and Wiltshire Wildlife Sites

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF (Data Source 32) Areas of High Data Gap Ecological Value (AHEVs) 6 Regionally Important Geological or 42 RIGS in Wiltshire Legislation affecting Geomorphological Sites (RIGS) and Swindon; protected areas will Regionally potentially affect Plan, and Important will guide the pattern of Geological or development, so needs to Geomorpholog be considered. ical Sites The SA Framework should (RIGS) include an objective to (Data Source 31) protect and enhance areas designated for their geology. Kennet has 7 protected verges. Wiltshire has 50 Verges which are Protected protected for wildlife: Verges • Kennet – 7 (Data Source 33) • N.Wilts – 17 • Salisbury – 20 • W.Wilts - 6 Wiltshire is covered by the following English Nature Natural Areas: EN Natural • Cotswolds Areas • Thames and Avon Vales (Data Source 31) • Mid-Vale Ridge (very small area) • Berkshire and Marlborough Downs

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF • London Basin (very small area) • Hampshire Downs • South Wessex Downs • Wessex Vales • New Forest Protected Data Gap Fauna species Protected Flora Data Gap species English Nature is leading a major four-year restoration project, which began in September 2001, called the Salisbury Plain LIFE Project to improve the conservation management at four sites: Salisbury Plain, Porton Down, Parsonage Down National Nature Reserve (NNR) and Pewsey Downs National Nature Reserve (NNR). The European Commission (EC) have agreed to contribute 50% of the total project cost of £2,130,000 and the other 50% is matched partner funding from Headquarters Army Training Estate (HQ ATE), Defence Estates (DE), English Nature, Defence Science Technology Laboratory (DSTL formerly DERA), the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), Butterfly Conservation (BC) and the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH).

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A2.8 Water Summary Kennet District Council is the operating authority for approximately 2,500 miles of ordinary watercourse within the District Several watercourses cross the District, defining two water catchment areas. The River Kennet dissects the chalkland landscape in the north part of the District, running eastward through Marlborough, with the tributary river Og flowing down through the chalk from the north. Salisbury Plain is dissected on a north-south axis by the rivers Avon and Bourne, which flow southward from the Vale of Pewsey through the chalk block of the plain. (http://www.kennet.gov.uk/Environment/EnvHealth.nsf)

Similar to the Wiltshire and the South-West as a whole, the chemical river water quality in Kennet has shown a gradual improvement between 1995 and 2003, although the biological quality in has declined. Phosphate Levels have declined (improvement), although nitrate levels have increased, due to the agricultural nature of the land use in the District. The Environment Agency Groundwater Venerability maps for the Kennet district (numbers 37, 38, 43 and 44) classify almost the entire district as a major aquifer of high vulnerability. The exceptions are the Jurassic clay areas to the west of the district, which are non-aquifers. In addition, the Environment Agency has mapped the sensitive areas around important groundwater abstraction points. These are known as ‘source protection zones’ and a map of those is shown below. (http://www.kennet.gov.uk/Environment/EnvHealth.nsf)

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The pertinent data are:

Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF Topic: Water Resources

Chemical Quality 1995 2000 2003 %G %F %P %B %G %F %P %B %G %F %P %B Kennet 60.5 24.2 15.3 0 64.8 21.5 13.7 0 69.3 17.1 13.7 0 N.Wilts 50 44.9 4.7 0.4 69.1 30.2 0.3 0.4 54.7 44.6 0.3 0.4 Salisbury 87.5 11.4 0 1.1 94.8 3.3 1.8 0 92.4 5.9 1.8 0 Chemical river Swindon 36.9 58.9 4.3 0 52.1 43.6 4.3 0 52.1 43.6 4.3 0 water quality W. Wilts 45.8 34.4 19.8 0 74.2 11.1 14.7 0 78.8 14.5 14.7 0 G = Good S-West 74 22.3 3 0.7 81 16.5 2.5 0 79.8 17.3 2.9 0.1 F = Fair The General Quality Assessment (GQA) Scheme assesses the basic chemical quality of P = Poor rivers and canals based on three determinands - dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen B = Bad demand (BOD) and ammoniacal nitrogen. It is used to assess chemical quality of rivers (Data Source 20) and canals across England and Wales at 7,000 sites representing 40,000 kilometres of fresh waters since 1990. The GQA grades river stretches into six categories (A - F) of chemical quality and these in turn have been grouped into four broader groups - good, fair, poor and bad. The GQA methodology and grades as used in England and Wales are described in more detail on the Environment Agency web site

Biological Quality 1995 2000 2003 %G %F %P %B %G %F %P %B %G %F %P %B Kennet saw a reduction in Biological river Kennet 86 14 0 0 89 11 0 0 78.4 21.6 0 0 quality between 2000 and N.Wilts 79.8 19.3 0.9 0 74.6 25 0.5 0 79.7 19.9 0.4 0 water quality Salisbury 96.7 3.3 0 0 98.3 1.7 0 0 97.7 2.4 0 0 2003. The SA Framework (Data Source 20) Swindon 28.53 71.1 0.4 0 70.5 25.2 4.3 0 79.4 10.6 0 0 should include an objective W. Wilts 74.8 20.1 5.1 0 82.3 16.3 1.4 0 87.4 12.6 0 0 to improve, protect and S-West 85.8 12.9 0.9 0.4 86.4 12.2 1.3 0.1 87.8 10.8 1.3 0.2 enhance the water The biological grading throughout the UK is based on the monitoring of tiny animals (i.e. environment.

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF macro-invertebrates) which live in or on the bed of the river. The number and diversity of freshwater species found in samples can be used to make inferences about water quality, since research has shown that there is a relationship between species composition and water quality. Using a procedure known as the River Invertebrate Prediction and Classification System (RIVPACS), species groups recorded at a site were compared with those which would be expected to be present in the absence of pollution and other harmful substances, allowing for the different physical characteristics in different parts of the country.

Phosphate Trends generally improving 1995 2000 2003 between 2000 and 2003. %High %High %High The LDF and the SA should Kennet N/A 89.5 62.4 consider the effects of N.Wilts N/A 74.2 75.3 development on Salisbury 40 69.3 63.6 watercourses, and seek to Swindon N/A 95.13 82 prevent impacts on the W. Wilts N/A 84.9 91.5 River water water environment, as phosphate have been seen previously. S-West 46.4 44.3 46.6 levels (Data Source 20) The growing pressures from people and farming over the 20th century are illustrated by changes in the River Kennet. Between 1931 and 1991, the human population in the catchment grew from about 55,000 to 175,000. Numbers of sheep and pigs increased substantially, while the area of cereal crops nearly trebled to 58,000ha, largely in place of permanent grassland. As a result of these changes, annual phosphorus inputs to the river increased from 94 to 247 tonnes by 1991. More than half of this now comes from sewage, and a fifth each from livestock (mainly cattle) and arable land. At the same time nitrogen inputs have risen from 1,720 tonnes to 4,050 tonnes per year, two-thirds from agriculture and a tenth from

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF sewage. Phosphate removal treatment was introduced at Marlborough STW on the Kennet in 1997. The soluble reactive phosphorus load was reduced by about 75 per cent. This lowered average summer concentrations downstream from 550µg P/l to around 70µg P/l after treatment.

Phosphorus inputs to the River Kennet, 1931–1991

The LDF and the SA should consider the effects of River water development on nitrate levels watercourses, and seek to (Data Source 20) prevent impacts on the water environment, as have been seen previously.

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF Nitrate 1995 2000 2003 %High %High %High Kennet N/A 71.7 80.7 N.Wilts N/A 95.4 85 Salisbury 29.7 86.2 90.9 Swindon N/A 75.3 62.3 W. Wilts N/A 79.9 77.6

S-West 50.1 51.3 48.3

High levels of nitrate can lead to eutrophication in the sea and are of concern in relation to drinking water abstractions. Higher levels of nitrate concentrations tend to be in central and eastern England, reflecting inputs from agriculture, geology and sewage effluent.

Rivers with an average nitrate concentration level greater than 30 mgNO3/l are classified as having high concentrations in the General Quality Assessment (GQA) for nitrate. This measure enables trends and regional differences in nitrate concentrations to be shown.

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF

Abstraction from groundwaters Borehole Inner zone Outer zone Total catchment Special interest (Data Source 49)

Wessex Water and Thames Water There are issues relating Almost the entire district as supply the majority of the drinking to abstraction for public a major aquifer of high water for domestic properties water supply causing low vulnerability. The within the District. The primary flows in rivers within four exceptions are the Jurassic sources (groundwater and surface catchments in the clay areas to the west of Water Supply water) are shown in above along Wessex Water region. the district, which are non- (Data Source 41) with the protection zones for each This is affecting the aquifers. The LDF and source. In addition the Council fishery, appearance and should consider this when regularly inspects the quality of biodiversity interest of considering potential land water sourced from a total of 264 the rivers concerned, for development as well as private water supplies. These with the Wylye and land uses. The SA should

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF private supplies serve upwards of Malmesbury Avon being include an objective to 1500 domestic properties. In those affected within protect the water addition there are several Wiltshire. As a result, the environment. significant Ministry of Defence Low Flow Solutions water supplies located within the Project has been set up; district. with Wessex Water, English Nature and the Environment Agency working with Ofwat to implement measures which aim reduce the problem of low flow during dry summer months. These include maximising the use of water supply from Bristol Water and seeking additional water from Wimbleball reservoir in Somerset, so that the low flow rivers are used as sources for abstraction only as a last resort. Environment Agency maps summarising the assessments of water availability for winter and

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF summer both show that Wiltshire includes the majority of areas in the South-West where there is an unacceptable flow regime Critical ordinary watercourses are The LDF should include not classified as 'main river' but it policies reflecting EA is agreed that they have the advice on development potential to put at risk of flooding and flooding. An objective people and property. should be included in the Kennet District Council has agreed SA to prevent increase risk with the Environment Agency that from flooding from critical there is 3 km of critical ordinary ordinary watercourses. watercourse within the District. Properties at This being: risk from • The Easterton Brook from flooding Eastcott Common to the (Data Source 22) Semmington Brook at Manor House Woods, West Lavington. • Based on historical flooding information, coupled with the Environment Agency's indicative 100 year flood plain maps, the Council has carried out an assessment of the risk of flooding from the Easterton Brook critical

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF ordinary watercourse and other ordinary watercourses. The Council is satisfied that there is minimal risk to human life created by this flood risk.

A2.9 Material Assets

Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF Topic: Material Assets Flood Defences Data Gap Easily accessible by car, the M4 motorway lies to the north of the District and the A303 trunk road is located to the south. Major rail links are provided Transport from Paddington with stations at Infrastructure Great Bedwyn and Pewsey. Bus services run frequently from Swindon, Salisbury and Bath with connections to most of Kennet's towns and villages. Green Historically, the Kennet and Infrastructure- Avon Canal comprises three The Kennet waterways, the Avon Navigation

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF and Avon from Bristol to Bath (opened in Canal 1727), the man-made canal (Data Source 35) section from Bath to Newbury (opened in 1810), and the Kennet Navigation from Newbury to Reading (opened in 1723). Green The Ridgeway National Trail Infrastructure extends for some 85 miles from Walkways and Overton Hill, near Avebury to Cycleways Ivinghoe in Buckinghamshire. (Data Source 30) Sites of cultural See Cultural Heritage and Historical Interest Kennet District Council has a relatively small land holding compared to other rural Local Authorities with a total of 67 Land owned by hectares. The majority of the KDC land is held for operational (Data Source 41) reasons such as car parking, amenity land, conservation areas and land for town centre regeneration projects.

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A2.10 Employment and Transport Summary As one of four district councils in the county of Wiltshire; the area, the people and the economy are strongly influenced by the commuter pull of the South East and the town of Swindon which provides much employment opportunity for the population of Kennet. These two major influences have influenced the population profile of Kennet with many people choosing to live within the Kennet area and commute. The two largest employment sectors in Wiltshire (2001) are ‘public administration, education and health’ (25.0%) and ‘distribution, hotels and restaurants’ (24.8%). The economy of Kennet is heavily reliant on agriculture, although the Army, with a large and expanding presence in Tidworth and Ludgershall, is the largest employer. Employment in public admin/defence is 14.39% compared to 5.72% nationally (Kennet Community Strategy Draft 2005). In October 2004, unemployment in Kennet was estimated at 0.8%, with Wiltshire being 1.1%. Wiltshire unemployment rates showed a decline from the 2001 census (1.97%) to June 2003 when the figure stood at 2,790 (1.1%). This compares favourably to regional and national comparators (2001 census – South West 2.57%, England 3.35%) In Wiltshire more people use the car to travel to work than the South West or England as a whole. Over 100 automatic counters counting at least 4 (quarterly) weeks per year are used to provide data on interurban traffic. In Wiltshire as a whole, traffic is currently growing more slowly than the target of 8.3%.

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The pertinent data are:

Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF Topic: Economy and Employment The economy of Kennet is heavily reliant on agriculture, although the Wiltshire Army, with a large and Districts – A expanding presence in Sectoral Tidworth and Ludgershall, Comparison in is the largest employer. 2000 – by % of Employment in public employees in admin/defence is 14.39% each compared to 5.72% sector nationally. The SA may (Data Source 10, consider encouraging 1) economic diversification in order to provide a more sustainable economy.

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF

Bar chart to show the type of industry of employment for economically active 16-74 yr old emplyees for 2001 ( note missing data for all of UK)

18 16 14 12 10 England & Wales South West 8 6 4 percentage of employees of percentage 2 0

g o c * y ng g y ion e ign in s e ion k yi s ation t r er c at ivitie a ther shin suppl uct hicl forestr Fi r e edi defen uc al wor O uar acturin er v nd m d oci at nd cat Ed anuf or a er w Const ot nt and q M i nd m communi P tels & ning of o i r H stration an e; hunting a M gas a age nancial ni ealth and s or H tur repai Fi st ul admi c ade; li gric tr renting andb business act A l Pu ai ransport; et T r e &

olsesal h W Type of industry

Percentage of resident population aged 16 to 74 in Of the people in Kennet The LDF and SA should each group, April 2001 who were of working age seek to ensure that the England (i.e. those aged 16 to 64 for high economic growth is South Employment Kennet and West men or 16 to 59 for women) accommodated so as to rates Wales the employment rate was 78 maximise benefits for all (Data Source 11, People aged 16-74: Economically 1 44.4 39.1 40.6 per cent during the Summer sectors of the community, 27) active: Employees Full-time of 2004 (June to August), and the environment. compared with an average Sustainability principles for Great Britain of 75 per should be integral to all

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF cent. Over the same three new business People aged 16-74: Economically 1 12.6 13.2 11.8 active: Employees Part-time months in 1999, the development, including number of people in maximising energy People aged 16-74: Economically 1 11.2 10.1 8.3 employment in Kennet as a efficiency. active: Self-employed proportion of those of People aged 16-74: Economically working age was 85 per cent 1 2.0 2.6 3.4 active: Unemployed and the rate for Great Britain was 75 per cent. People aged 16-74: Economically 1 1.8 2.6 2.6 active: Full-time student Employment growth between 1995–2000 has also favoured the more accessible northerly parts of People aged 16-74: Economically the County, with Kennet 1 13.0 15.5 13.6 inactive: Retired experiencing 12.2% growth People aged 16-74: Economically and North Wiltshire 11.7%. 1 3.2 3.9 4.7 inactive: Student West Wiltshire was People aged 16-74: Economically intermediate with 9.1% inactive: Looking after home / 6.7 6.1 6.5 growth, whereas Salisbury family1 District at 6% has seen only People aged 16-74: Economically inactive: Permanently sick / 2.7 4.5 5.5 a modest increase. disabled1

People aged 16-74: Economically 1 2.7 2.5 3.1 inactive: Other 1 National Statistics Within the working population 1.4% are of minority ethnic groupings and 10.29% consider themselves disabled (ONCS 2001).

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF

Percentage of unemployed people aged 16-74 Aged 16-24 Aged 50 Who have Who are All people and over never long-term aged 16-74 worked unemploye d Wiltshire 25.32 21.32 3.70 21.52 310,124 Kennet 24.82 20.50 3.58 22.43 53,886 North Wilts 25.06 22.13 3.60 18.05 89,969 Unemployment Salisbury 25.35 21.44 4.32 25.08 82,159 , Census 2001 West Wilts 25.79 21.00 3.37 21.21 84,110 (Data Source 14) South West 24.74 21.90 5.45 26.67 3,534,458 Test Valley 26.17 21.82 2.95 20.67 78,987 Winchester 22.35 23.39 4.14 21.72 78,174 Bournemou 23.06 21.96 5.32 33.28 117,313 th Southampt 29.93 17.26 6.61 26.00 161,625 on England 25.90 18.60 9.26 30.32 37,607,438 and Wales

Estimated District Estimated unemployment rate in Oct Unemployment 2004 Rate by Kennet 0.8% District, April North 0.7% 2005 Wilts (Data Source 14) Salisbury 0.4%

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF West Wilts 0.9% Wiltshire 1.1% Source: Economic Regeneration and Resource, Wiltshire County Council, April 2005

Qualifications: percentage of resident population ages Between 1999 and 2004, 16 to 74, April 2001 standards in education, as shown by the Standard England Assessment Tests (SATs), South Kennet and improved in respect of West Wales younger students in the People aged 16-74 area. In Wiltshire the with: No 23.1 26.2 29.1 proportion of pupils qualifications1 achieving at least level 4 at Education People aged 16-74 Key Stage 2 (KS2) (the (Data Source 11) with: Highest anticipated level of 20.5 18.8 19.8 qualification attained attainment for pupils aged level 4 / 51 11 in their final year at primary school) changed 1 National Statistics from 69 per cent in 1999 to Kennet is located in the Local Education Authority of 71 per cent in 2004 for Wiltshire, part of the South West region. In the academic Mathematics and from 73 year 2003/04, 57 per cent of pupils in Wiltshire achieved 5 per cent to 76 per cent in or more GCSEs graded A* to C, compared to an average for respect of English. England of 54 per cent.

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF

Number of full time students across the district and regional area (Data Source 14)

Topic: Transport Devizes Kennet has a relatively 6547 persons who are in employment live in Devizes, with self-sustaining economy, 3662 (56%) of them also working in Devizes. with a large proportion of Devizes experiences a net gain of 1472 persons commuting residents working within into the urban area for work. Of those commuting out of the District. The Majority Travel to work Devizes 941 persons (32%) work in the surrounding of those who commute 2001 District. out of the District travel to (Data Source 29) 4357 persons commute into Devizes for work, 42% (1838) nearby areas. The LDF of whom travel in from the surrounding District may wish to consider Marlborough encouraging walking and 3626 persons who are in employment live in Marlborough, cycling networks to of whom 52% (1909) also work in Marlborough. improve links between Marlborough experiences a net gain of 96 persons travelling areas where people travel

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF into the urban area for work. Of those commuting out of to work. Marlborough, 468 persons (27%) work in the surrounding District and 530 persons (31%) travel to Swindon for work. 123 persons (11%) travel into the adjacent District of West Berkshire for work. Of the 1813 persons commuting into Marlborough, 1037 (57%) live in the surrounding District. Pewsey Of the 1525 persons in employment who live in Pewsey, 644 (42%) work within this urban area Pewsey experiences an overall loss of 217 persons travelling out of Pewsey for work. Of those commuting out of Pewsey, 372 persons (42%) work within the surrounding District, and 72 persons (11%) work in the adjacent District of West Berkshire. In total 664 persons commute into Pewsey for work, of whom 451 (68%) live in the surrounding District. Kennet Rural Area There are 10871 persons in employment resident in this area, 4260 (39%) of whom also work in the area. The Kennet Rural Area experiences a net loss of 3862 persons travelling out of the area for work. Of those commuting out of the area many travel within the District to the urban areas of Devizes (792, 12%), Marlborough (649, 10%) and Pewsey (182, 3%). Of the 2749 persons who commute into the area for work, a total of 802 (29%) come from the urban areas of Devizes, Marlborough and Pewsey and a further 334 (12%) travel in

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF from the remainder of the Kennet District Travel to work 94% of people travel by Eng & Wales Regional (all people aged 16-74 in Valu car to their place of work. Rank/376 Rank/45 employment) e This will have negative (proportion) (proportion) Mode of Travel implications for the to Work- Travel to work by car 2447 214 21 Environment and Kennet 2001 0 Sustainability in the long (Data Source 1) 1516 308 23 as well as short term, Travel to work by public transport through congestion, road In Kennet, 94% of people aged 16-74 in employment, travel to work by car. traffic accidents as well as % of pollution and greenhouse % of peopl gas emissions. peopl % of e in The majority of people e in peopl Engla drive only short distances the Distance e in nd to their place of work. The South Travelled to Wiltsh and SA and the LDF may seek West work. (km) Distance ire Wales to encourage walking and ( Distance Works mainly at or cycling as a more travelled to from home 11.1 11 9.2 sustainable method of work, Less than 2km 25.1 24.1 20 transport, through calculated for 2km to less than 5km 11.4 19.1 20 encouraging green the 2001 5km to less than 10km 14 15.6 18.2 infrastructure such as census) 10km to less than walkways and cycleways (Data Source 1) 20km 16.3 13.4 15.2 as part of new development. These 20km to less than should all be integrated 30km 6.6 4.3 5.4 within the District, to 30km to less than 3.7 2 2.4

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF 40km allow ease of travel by this 40km to less than method throughout the 60km 2.3 1.8 2.2 whole District. 60km and over 4.3 3.2 2.7 No fixed place of work 4.8 5 4.4 Working outside the UK 0.3 0.3 0.3 Working at offshore installation 0 0.1 0.1 In Wiltshire a higher percentage of the population travel less than 2km to work and for the whole of the South West a higher percentage of people travel less than 2 km. % of % of peopl peopl e e in % of from the peopl Wilts South e in Mode of travel Mode hire West E&W to work- Driver in a car or van 60.5 58.8 55.2 Comparators Passenger in a car or (Data Source 1) van 6.0 6.3 6.3 Bus, mini-bus, or coach 2.8 5.1 7.4 Train 1.7 0.9 4.1 Underground, metro, light rail or tram 0.1 0.1 3.0

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF Motorcycle, scooter or moped 1.2 1.5 1.1 Taxi 0.3 0.3 0.5 Bicycle 3.6 3.3 2.8 Walk 12.2 12.2 10.0 Other 0.5 0.6 0.5 Work from home 11.1 11.0 9.2 Percentage of Four All On Two All cars or Households with No Three or househol e cars vans in the (numbers of) Cars car cars more ds car area** or Vans cars Wiltshire County 176,655 16. 43. 31.3 606 2.2 240,375 1 8 Kennet District 29,565 14. 42. 32.9 6.7 2.3 Car Ownership 41,910 (Data Source 6) 5 7 North Wiltshire 50,275 14. 42. 34.0 7.0 2.5 71,499 District 4 1 Salisbury District 47,408 17. 44. 29.3 6.3 2.1 62,650 4 8 West Wiltshire 49,407 17. 45. 29.5 5.9 1.9 64,316 District 5 3 % Increase in Data not available at a local Road traffic accidents are road traffic on authority level (see above South West = 20% increase an issue in the South all roads: 1993 summary for more detail) England = 18% increase West, and Wiltshire is not to 2002 on track to meet its target (Data Source 17) to reduce the number of

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF casualties. The LDF and the SA should consider encouraging more sustainable methods of transport, in order to reduce the use if the private car. This may then lead to a reduction in road traffic accidents. Implementing traffic calming measures in new development may also help to reach the reduction target. Kennet 2003: 75 Wiltshire Not on track to meet target 2003: 351

2002: 322 2001: 351 People killed Within the South West or seriously region as a whole there injured on were 2,901 people roads. killed or seriously (Data Source 16) injured, of whom 7 per cent were children.

Target: 40% reduction by 2010.

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF

Survey work completed in 1997 See Avebury WHS reveals that 84% of visitors to Management Plan in the the WHS had travelled by car. Review of Plans and The remainder had travelled by Programmes foot Avebury World (3%), public transport (3%), Heritage Site bicycle (5%), motorcycle (2%) (Data Source 30) and coach (3%). The majority of visitors (66%) travelled between the various sites within the WHS by car, although 20% of respondents travelled by foot.

A2.11 Soil and Minerals Summary There are currently 23 active mineral workings in Wiltshire. None of these are located in Kennet District. The character and appearance of much of the landscape in Kennet is dominated by sedimentary rocks of the Cretaceous period. Chalk and Greensand rocks of this period underlie much of the district and are aligned as broad blocks or bands extending east west with the Vale of Pewsey dividing the two. The main exception to this is at the western end of the District where the Upper and Lower Greensand give way to Jurassic clays and grits to create a distinct clay lowland landscape. (http://www.kennet.gov.uk/Environment/EnvHealth.nsf)

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Agricultural Land Classification: Kennet Area

www.magic.gov.uk

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The pertinent data are:

Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF Topic: Soil and Minerals

South West map showing major soil groups (Data Source 39)

Source: National Soil Resources Institute

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF

Distribution of vulnerable soils in the South West Source: National Soil Resources Institute (Data Source 37) These areas of the Southwest soils have an inherent vulnerability to structural problems and are easily sealed by heavy rain causing local flooding, mud on roads and damage to property. This also causes water pollution as sediment and pollutants enters rivers affecting river habitats and spawning grounds for salmon, trout and other aquatic wildlife. Incidents associated with soil structure problems increased in recent years, and this would also be made worse through the predicted changing weather patterns associated with climate change with climate change. The Council holds an informal database Should development be Contaminated of closed landfill sites and of sites that proposed on a site where Land have been previously subjected to a it is known that a past use (Data Source 41) potentially contaminative use. These may have resulted in

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF records were compiled from the contamination, the Wiltshire County Council Waste Council will request a site Regulation Authority records and from investigation as part of the historic information held within Kennet. development control process. All site investigation reports will be included in the informal register referred to above. If remediation in line with the requirements of the regime is required all relevant records will be incorporated in the public Contaminated Land Register. Data Gap Most of the sites Historically, there have produce material that is been numerous small- used as aggregate in the scale mineral workings construction industry, in Wiltshire, serving Mining and although there is some local markets. In more Quarrying in quarrying for Bath Stone recent years, there has Wiltshire and Portland Stone from been a shift towards (Data Source 40) the 'Stone Belt' in the fewer, larger sites north west and south serving wider markets. west of the County.

There are currently 23

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF active mineral workings in Wiltshire and currently none in Swindon. Of these, 6 produce sand and gravel, 4 produce building sand, 2 produce chalk, 3 extract clay and 8 produce building stone (limestone and small amounts of sandstone). The County also has 10 Dormant (sand and gravel / building sand / crushed rock) and 5 temporarily inactive (sand and gravel / building sand / crushed rock / chalk) quarries. The majority of these are open-cast but some take the form of extensive underground mine complexes.

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF Data Gap Agricultura Area No trend data The SA and the LDF l Use (ha) should consider the Cropping 122,20 importance of agriculture 1 within the economy (see Grassland 97,255 agricultural land Rough 16,921 classification map and Grassland employment section). The Woodlands 8,155 SA should include an on objective to protect and Agricultural enhance the soil as well as Agricultural Holdings seek to protect and Land Use Set aside 17,300 enhance the rural (Data Source 38) Other 6,456 economy. Total 268,75 9 Wiltshire and Swindon Source: June 1999 Agricultural and Horticultural Census England and Wales, Regions and Counties.

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A2.12 Waste Overall waste production in Wiltshire has shown a steady increase in recent years. Municipal waste levels in Wiltshire are expected to grow at a rate of 4%. Based on these projections, it is expected that there will be a shortfall in landfill capacity, as well as recovery rates, although trends in household recycling have shown improvement, reaching approximately 19% in 2002/03 (16.25% for Kennet 2005). This must be improved upon in order to meet the DEFRA target of 26% by 2004. New waste management facilities must be created in order to meet future requirements for waste recovery rates as well as disposal capacity.

Kennet has 13 waste management facilities, largely concentrated around the Devizes-Urchfont area of the District. All of these facilities operate at a local or small scale. There are no landfill sites operating in the District. At present there are two Household Recycling Centres (HRC) in the District. (Adopted Wiltshire and Swindon Waste Local Plan 2011)

Current Operational Facilities (Wiltshire adopted Waste Local Plan 2005) Process Site Name Location Household Recycling Centre Devizes HRC Hopton Park Ind Estate, Devizes Household Recycling Centre Everleigh HRC Pewsey Road, Everleigh Waste Transfer Station Everleigh WTS Pewsey Road, Everleigh Waste Transfer Station Pond Close Urchfont Waste Transfer Station & Monument Hill Reclamation Monument Hill, Devizes Recycling Site Waste Transfer Station & Devizes Reclamation Littleton Panel Recycling

Non-Operational Waste Processing Facilities in Wiltshire and Swindon Process Site Name Location Composting (outdoor) Monument Hill Reclamation Monument Hill, Devizes Site Waste Transfer Station Manor Farm Manningford Bruce

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Process Site Name Location Car Dismantlers Devizes Reclamation Webbs Lane, Bath Road, Devizes Company Car Dismantlers J Jones Motor Spares Caen Hill, Devizes Car Dismantlers Louisville Milton Road, Pewsey Scrap Metals Little Salisbury Milton Road, Pewsey Scrap Metals Pewsey Metal Company Wilcot Road, Pewsey

The pertinent data are:

Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF

Topic: Waste 2001/02 Growth on previous Waste growth has been Wilts = 233 937 (216 year: increasing, as seen in the 255) percentage growths from Swindon = 82 386 (79 2001/2002= 2002/2003 on the previous Municipal 139) Wilts= +2.9% (+4.0%) year. waste arisings - Total = 316 323 (295 Swindon= +2.1% total tonnes (of 170) (+1.6%) Wiltshire Strategic Board is which championing a project to household 2002/03 2002/2003= make Wiltshire the most waste) Wilts= 253 218 (224 Wilts= 7.9% (+3.7%) waste efficient county by (Data Source 47) 325) Swindon= +12.7% 2012. (CCFC 2004) Swindon= 92 864 (89 (+12.6%) 100)

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF

Percentage Composition of Waste Disposals in Wiltshire and Swindon 1998/99 (Data Source 47)

Currently, 80% of There is currently a lack of commercial and specific data detailing the industrial wastes are exact in and out dealt with in the plan movements of waste for the area. The remainder is County. sent to the South East of England. There have Imports and been substantial in- Exports movements of waste (Data Source 47) from Hampshire, mainly due to the location of the landfill sites in proximity to the county. In 1998/99, just over 20% of all wastes disposed if in Wiltshire and Swindon were

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF imported into the area

Kennet DC recycling rate for April 2005: 16.25%

Local Authority 01/02 02/03 03/04 North Wiltshire DC 11% 7.70% 9.90% West Wiltshire DC 8.10% 7.70% 9.10% Kennet DC 15.50% 12.10% 10.80% Salisbury DC 19% 16.10% 17.40% Household Swindon UA 9.10% 10.20% 11.50% Waste % Recycled Household Waste % Recycled (BV82a) North Wiltshire 20.00% (BV82a) DC 15.00% West Wiltshire (Data Source DC 10.00% 15, 50) Kennet DC 5.00%

Percent Recycled 0.00% Salisbury DC 01/02 02/03 03/04 Years Sw indon UA

The Kennet Waste Minimisation and Recycling Strategy 2005-2007 should allow Kennet DC to achieve a recycling rate of 31% during 2006/2007

Percent Local Authority 01/02 02/03 03/04 Household Mixed trends. No North Wiltshire DC 2.60% 2.20% 1.60% Waste % consistent West Wiltshire DC 5.30% 0.00% 1.20% improvements. Composted Kennet DC 9% 5.10% 3% (BV82b) Salisbury DC 0% 0% 0% (Data Source 15) Swindon UA 4.50% 4.20% 3.90%

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF

Household Waste % Composted (BV82b)

North Wiltshire 10.00% DC 8.00% West Wiltshire 6.00% DC 4.00% Kennet DC 2.00% 0.00% Salisbury DC Percent Composted 01/02 02/03 03/04 Years Sw indon UA

Only Kennet is showing a Kg of Local Authority 01/02 02/03 03/04 consistent reduction in the Household North Wiltshire DC 414.6 395 377 amount of waste generated. Waste West Wiltshire DC 390.6 367 397 The SA and LDF should Collected per Kennet DC 521 440.6 423.5 seek to enhance the Head (BV84) Salisbury DC 396.9 395 395.3 movement of waste up the Swindon UA 427 449.4 441.5 hierarchy and encourage Headline localised sustainable waste indicator H15 management facilities as part of new development. (Data Source 15)

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF

kg of Household Waste Collected per Head (BV84) North Wiltshire DC 600.0 West Wiltshire 400.0 DC

200.0 Kennet DC kg per Head 0.0 Salisbury DC 01/02 02/03 03/04 Years Sw indon UA

Blank = n/a Local Authority 01/02 02/03 03/04 North Wiltshire DC 53% 4.60%* 54.00% West Wiltshire 03/04 78% - % of Population West Wiltshire DC 54.60% 78% doubts expressed as to how served by Kennet DC 72.30% 32.40% 47.40% information was collected. Kerbside Salisbury DC 97.70% 97.80% 98% Collection or Swindon UA 90% 8.50%* 36.10% The percentage of within 1km of a population in Wiltshire recycling centre * - Spurious figures served by a kerbside (BV91) recycling collection scheme (Data Source 15) is approximately 95%. (source: Wiltshire County Council)

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF

% of Population served by Kerbside Collection or within 1km of a Recyling Centre (BV91) % PopulationServe d North Wiltshire DC West Wiltshire 100.0% DC 50.0% Kennet DC

0.0% Salisbury DC 01/02 02/03 03/04

Years Swindon UA

Renewable See Climatic Factors Energy Waste Type Waste to Remaining Shortfall at Estimated Consumption of Landfill 2005- Capacity 2005- 2021 capacity remaining 2021 (m³) 2021 expiry date landfill capacity Non- 12,940,000 6,576,000 m³ -6,364,000 2013* Wiltshire and Hazardous Swindon 2005- Inert 5,200,000 2,670,000 m³ -2,530,000 2013 2021 Hazardous 560,000 <15,000 m³ -545,000 2005 (Data Source 47) Total 18,700,000 9,261,000m³ -9,439,000 2013

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Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF Target Municip House Total Of Of Residual Year al Waste hold Munici which which Municip Arisings Waste pal house is al Waste (4% Arising Waste hold Munici Dispose growth s (4% to be Waste pal d to p.a) growth Recov Recycl Waste Landfill p.a) ered ed/ Recov Comp ery osted inc. Wiltshire EfW Recovery & 1998/9 206 498 186 No 23 498 N/A 183 000 Recycling/ 9 197 target (12.6% Composting ) Targets 1999/0 221 859 205 No 30 455 N/A 191 404 (tonnes) 0 169 target (15%) (Data Source 47) 2000/0 227 087 207 No 34 039 N/A 193 048 1 580 target (16%) 2001/0 233 937 216 No 33 520 N/A 200 417 2 255 target (15.5% ) 2002/0 253 218 224 (55 43 406 11 772 198 040 3 325 178) (19.3% No ) target 2003/0 263 347 233 No 46 660 N/A 216 687 4 298 target (20%)

180 Sustainable Appraisal Scoping Report July 2006

Indicator Current Data Comparators and Trend Issues for sustainability / targets Issues for the LDF 2005/0 284 836 252 113 83 271 30 663 170 902 6 335 934 (33%) (40%) 2010/1 246 546 307 155 101 54 635 190 600 1 004 946 311 (45%) (33%) 2015/1 421 627 373 282 123 159 139 137 6 518 490 261 229 (67%) (33%)

Hazardous 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Waste Arisings 28,000t 38,000 23,000 t 35,000 t 31,000 t t Hazardous Disposals 7,000 t 49,000 47,000 t 74,000 t 77,000 t waste Arisings t and Disposals Wiltshire & Each year more than 5.2 million tonnes of hazardous waste is produced in England Swindon 1999 – and Wales – largely by the construction, chemicals, electronics and lubricant oil 2003 industries. (tonnes) Hazardous waste is growing by an estimated 8 per cent a year. (Data Source 47) Landfilling of hazardous waste dropped by just 6 per cent between 1998-9 and 2000, with 40 per cent still being sent to landfill. In 2000, 40 per cent of hazardous waste was landfilled, 30 per cent received some form of treatment, 19 per cent was recycled or re-used, 3 per cent was incinerated and 8 per cent was recorded as transferred (short term).

181 Sustainable Appraisal Scoping Report July 2006

District/ Borough Number of Site Strategic Sites Local Sites proposed to be allocated Future Potential Kennet District 8 0 8 Waste Management North Wiltshire District 14 9 5 Facilities Salisbury District 12 4 8 (Data Source 47) Swindon Borough 10 5 5 West Wiltshire District 11 5(6) 6(5) Total 55 23(24) 32(31)

Key to data sources 1. National Statistics Online Census 2001 – www.nationalstatistics.gov.uk 2. Census 1991 (Obtained from the Office of National Statistics by request ) 3. South West Observatory – www.swo.org.uk 4. Wiltshire County Council, Department of Environmental Services. April 2005. 5. Wiltshire County Council (date unknown), Creating a Country Fit for Our Children: A Strategy for Wiltshire 2004-2014 [online] available: http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/macnn/strategy_for_wiltshire._07_-_a_strategy_for_wiltshire_-_strategy.pdf, accessed 31 Jan 2006 6. Wiltshire County Council 2001, Wiltshire County Council Headline Results, [online] available: http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/environment-and-planning/census- information/census-2001.htm, accessed 30 Jan 2006 7. WCC Corporate Research Team (date unknown), Wiltshire and Swindon Intelligence Network [online] available: www.intelligencenetwork.org.uk, accessed 31 Jan 2005 8. Office of the Deputy Prime Minister 2004, Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004 [online] available: www.odpm.gov.uk/odpm/SOA/LAsummaries2004.xls, accessed 31 Jan 2005

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9. Region in Figures, South West 2004. Office for National Statistics 10. CPRE 2002, Wiltshire Strategic Analysis 2002, [online] available: http://www.wiltshire-cpre.org.uk/tpp/Wiltshire%20Strategic%20Analysis%20-%20LSP.pdf, accessed 30 Jan 2006 11. National Statistics 2001, Neighbourhood Statistics: Neighbourhood Profile: Kennet, [online] available: http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/AreaProfile2.do?tab=2 accessed 31 Jan 2005 12. Southwest Regional Assembly (date unknown), The Regional Spatial Strategy for the South West 2006-2026: Discussion Paper 6: Strategic Assumptions about the Future and Projections of Population and Economic Change, [online] available: http://www.southwest- ra.gov.uk/swra/downloads/ourwork/RSS/Strategic_Assumptions.pdf accessed 31 Jan 2006 13. Healthcare Commission 2004/2005, Kennet and North Wiltshire PCT, [online] available: http://ratings2005.healthcarecommission.org.uk/Reports/SummaryReportCore.asp?TrustCode=5K4&trustType=PCT accessed 31 Jan 2006 14. Salisbury District Council 2005, South Wiltshire Economic Assessment 2005 Edition, [online] available: http://www.salisbury.gov.uk/economic-assessment.pdf accessed 31 Jan 2006 15. Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (date unknown) Local Government Performance, [online] available: www.bvpi.gov.uk accessed 31 Jan 2006 16. Local Transport Plan Annual Progress Report (2004) 17. (Author unknown) 2004, Indicators of Sustainable Development Regional Quality of Life Counts: 2003, [online] available: www.sustainable- development.gov.uk/indicators/regional/2003/h11.htm accessed 31 Jan 2006 18. (Author and date unknown), Window on Wiltshire’s Heritage, [online] available: http://www.wowheritage.org.uk/ accessed 31 Jan 2006 19. English Heritage (EH) 20. Defra 21. Netcen (date unknown), Local Air Quality Management, [online] available: http://www.airquality.co.uk/archive/laqm/laqm.php?action=submit&map_name=wilts&la_id=221 accessed 31 Jan 2006 22. Kennet District Council (date unknown) Policy Statement on Flood Defence 2004-2007 [online] available: http://193.129.1.226/Policy/StrategyOnline.nsf/0770fe490dadd7b880256c2b0033adb1/0f4e617f6421e42e80256fb700441bcd/$FILE/Flooding%20Policy.pdf accessed 31 Jan 2005 23. Netcen (date unknown) The UK National Air Quality Information Archive, [online] available: http://www.airquality.co.uk/archive/detailed_zone.php?zone_id=11 accessed 31 Jan 2006

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24. Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs, 2004. Regional Quality of Life Counts 2003 4th Edition, [online] available: http://www.sustainable- development.gov.uk/indicators/regional/download/rqolc2003.pdf accessed 31 Jan 2006 25. National Statistics 2001, Region in Figures: South West [online] available: http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/region_in_figures_winter2001/rifsw.pdf accessed 31 Jan 2006 26. The Air Quality Strategy for England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales (2000) 27. Kennet District Council (date unknown), Kennet Housing Strategy 2004-2008, [online] available: http://193.129.1.226/Policy/StrategyOnline.nsf/ID/DEF4D24D6757E1BA80256FB90037B1C6?OpenDocument accessed 31 Jan 2006 28. English Nature (date unknown) SSSI Condition Summary, [online] available: http://www.english- nature.org.uk/special/sssi/reportAction.cfm?Report=sdrt18&Category=C&Reference=1046 accessed 31 Jan 2006 29. Swindon Joint Study Area 2001, Swindon Joint Study Area Background Paper 2: 2001 Census Travel to Work Data, [online] available: http://www.swindon.gov.uk/background_paper_2_2001_journey_to_work_analysis_-_appendices.pdf accessed 31 Jan 2006 30. Kennet District Council 2004, Adopted Kennet Local Plan 2004, [online] available: http://www.kennet.gov.uk/planservices/kennet_local_plans.nsf/main_page?OpenPage accessed 31 Jan 2006 31. English Nature 32. Wiltshire and Swindon Biological Records Centre 33. Wiltshire County Council. Environmental Services. 34. Sustainability Appraisal of Swindon Borough Council Local Plan: revised deposit draft. Scoping Report. Oct. 2003 (Enfusion) 35. The Kennet and Avon Canal Trust (date unknown), The Kennet and Avon Canal Museum- Devizes, [online] available: http://www.katrust.org/museum_heritage_planning_001.htm accessed 31 Jan 2006 36. Wiltshire County Council website – www.wiltshire.gov.uk 37. Countryside Agency 38. Sustainability Appraisal of Wiltshire and Swindon Waste Local Plan. Scoping Report. August 2001. (Entec) 39. South West Observatory Environment.(date unknown) State of the Soils [online] available: http://www.swenvo.org.uk/environment/sec5_land_soil.asp accessed 1 June 2005

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40. 'Wiltshire and Swindon Mineral Local Plan: Deposit Draft (January 1999)' and 'Wiltshire and Swindon Mineral Local Plan: Proposed Changes (December,1999), Wiltshire County Council and Swindon Borough Council 41. Kennet District Council (date unknown), Contaminated Land Inspection Strategy, [online] available: http://www.kennet.gov.uk/Environment/EnvHealth.nsf/All+Documents/58EB0856E32045DC8025707B004B2A48/$file/KDC+Contaminated+Land+Strategy+2 004.pdf?OpenElement accessed 31 Jan 2006 42. Adopted Wiltshire and Swindon Minerals and Local Plan ( adopted 2001) 43. Wiltshire County Council Agenda Item Cabinet Sixth of February 2004: South West Regional Assembly Consultation on the Apportionment of Regional Aggregates Guidelines to Mineral Planning Authorities – Implications for Wiltshire and Swindon in terms of long – term Strategic Minerals Planning and Reviewing the Adopted Minerals Local Plan. 44. Kennet District Council (date unknown) The Avebury World Heritage Site, [online] available: http://www.kennet.gov.uk/avebury/archaelogical/arcaveburyWHSintro/index.htm accessed 31 Jan 2006 45. DTI (date unknown) Renewable Energy Statistics Database for the United Kingdom, [online] available: http://www.restats.org.uk/statistics accessed 31 Jan 2006 46. (Author and Date unknown), The Value of Tourism to the South West Economy in 2001 [online] available: http://www.swtourism.co.uk/additional/docsys/Final%20Value%20of%20Tourism%202003.pdf accessed 31 Jan 2006 47. Adopted Wiltshire and Swindon Waste Local Plan 2011. March 2005. Wiltshire County Council/ Swindon Borough Council. 48. Information provided by Kennet District Council, unpublished via email 27 Jan 2006. 49. Environment Agency 50. Kennet Waste and Recycling Strategy 2005-2007 51. SWCore 2006, Rural Enterprise Gateway South West, [online] available: http://www.swcore.co.uk/sff/county.htm accessed 31 Jan 2006 52. Hampshire County Council, 1998, The South Downs: Report of the County Planning Officer, [online] available: http://www.hants.gov.uk/scrmxn/c25635.html accessed 31 Jan 2006 53. Kennet District Council 2005, Home Energy Conservation Act 1991 Ninth Progress Report (2005) for the Period 1 April 2004 to 21 March 2005 54. Swindon Borough Council 2005, The Wiltshire Renewable Energy Action Plan [online] available: http://www.swindon.gov.uk/wiltshirerenewalenergyplan.pdf accessed 31 Jan 2006

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