Master Plant List 2019

WILDFLOWERS LATIN NAME COMMON NAME DESCRIPTION Conditions/Season

Resembling a vine in habit, it sends up several Moist (tolerate clay, slender arching stems to 5’ or more in length that drought or pt Acontium like to lean on other plants for support. Beautiful, Monkshood shade) Full sun to uncinatum unusual violet-ultramarine blue flowers resemble an part shade. ornate hood and are about 1” across; leaves are thick, deep green and cut into 3-5 lobes. Summer

A hardy pond, bog or water garden plant with sweet, spicy-scented leaves. Thrives in permanently Wet, Sun to part Acorus americana Sweet Flag wet soils. Often found in the wild with Blue Flag Iris sun. Summer and Narrow-Leaf Cattail. Greenish-yellow 2 - 4’ cylindrical spikes

Dry to moist shade, well-drained. Basal leaves are divided and serrated. In late May, white flowers Dry to moist, well arranged in a fuzzy pillar are frequently pollinated White Baneberry, Doll’s drained, Part shade Actaea pachypoda by beetles, bees and syrphid flies. By August, the Eyes to shade. Spring- thick flowering stems have turned to wine-pink supporting large white berries with a black spot in Fall the center.

White flowers, bright red fruit. Virtually identical in appearance and culture to its relative “doll’s eyes,” Rich, well drained, except for the brilliant red fruit that ripens in July on Actaea rubra Red Baneberry part shade to slender stems. It just wants shade and good shade. Spring-Fall drainage. Berries are eaten by small mammals, but are poisonous to people.

2-4 White. Ideal soil is rich and well drained. Can Actaea live in more sun with plentiful water. It has a Rich, well drained, (Cimicifuga) Black Cohosh delicate airy effect on landscape.  The smell is Part sun to shade. racemosa strong and unattractive to bugs. Endangered in Summer Massachusetts.

A delicate biennial vine that can climb to nearly ten feet in height. It is rare throughout its range and is Clay, Chalk, Sand, Furmitory Vine, protected in most states, where it inhabits rocky Adlumia fungosa Loam. Part shade to Allegheny vine forests and cliff bases. sun. Summer-Fall

A robust grower, the sharply four-sided stem grows 3-8'. In late summer its branching top has a long cylindrical spike of clustered yellow to yellow-green Medium-Wet, Agastache flowers. A favorite of bees, butterflies, and other Medium, Medium- Yellow Giant Hyssop nepetoides pollinators. Grows best in rich, open woodlands. Dry. Full-partial The leaves don’t have a strong smell like most sun. Late Summer mints, but the leaves are bitter, making it deer resistant.

2-3’ Medium pink. Mild onion-flavored bulbs are excellent fresh or cooked. Produces a beautiful Dry. Sun to part Allium cernuum Nodding onion nodding spray of pink flowers. Will go dormant after sun. Spring flowering. Threatened in New York.

It has reddish stalks reaching heights of 8" in the Medium wet to spring. The early foliage dies bak in late spring Medium dry. Full to Allium triccocum Wild Leek, Ramps before the white to creamy-white flowers appear in partial shade. June or July. Summer

2-3’ A large, highly adaptable species. This shade Amsonia tolerant plant likes moist woods, yet can handle Bluestar drier soil once established. Forget-me-not blue Moist. Spring tabernaemontana flowers attract Morning Cloaks and other early spring butterflies. Individual, erect, cottony stems grow 1-3 ft. tall and are often clumped together creating a bushy Anaphalis Dry. Sun to part Pearly everlasting appearance. Narrow leaves are gray-green to woolly- Margaritacea shade. Summer-Fall white. Globular flowers are actually long-enduring, white, dry bracts arranged around a yellow center.

1-2’ White, vigorous grower once established. Great Anemone Moist. Sun to Canada Anemone understory or groundcover. Endangered in canadensis shade. Summer Connecticut.

12-18” Slender, upright habit with palm-shaped Dry-moist. Part leaves. Inch-wide flowers are white suffused with Anemone virginiana Thimbleberry shade to shade. pale green. A good plant for blending with sedges Spring and broad leaved plants.

Green foliage with deep red veins can be up to two feet across.Tall round flower umbels rise on purple stems and may reach 8-10” in diameter.An Angelica Moist. Sun to part Purple Angelica important host plant for various Swallowtail atropurpurea sun. Summer Butterfly species. Flowers emit a strong honey scent. Prolong life by cutting back the flower stalk before it sets seed.

2-5 ft. widely branching, bushy, with opposite, oval leaves and small groups of tiny, pink, bell-shaped Apocynum flowers near the branch tips. The fragrance is Dry. Sun to part Dogbane androsaemifolium reminiscent of lilac. Numerous small pink, nodding, shade. Summer bell-like flowers, fragrant and striped inside with deeper pink.

1-3' tall. Will tolerate many soils but must be well- Well drained. Sun to Aquilegia drained. Cut back flowers for second bloom. Lives in Columbine shade. Spring-Early canadensis almost all light conditions. Attracts hummingbirds. Summer Larval host for the Columbine Dusky Wing butterfly.

2-5’ Tiny white flowers with purple-red showy Moist,wet. Part berries in fall makes this a great addition to any Aralia racemosa Spikenard shade to shade. garden! Has a branching habit preferring moist, Summer fertile soil along streams and borders of woods.

1-3’ Each plant has one large leaf, which is subdivided into many smaller leaflets. The flowers Arisaema are actually miniscule, but densely arranged along Moist. Part shade to Green Dragon dracontium the long “tongue” of the dragon that emerges from shade. Spring its flaring hood. Berries are a vivid crimson and ripen in early fall.

18-30” green and purple unique flower disappears Moist,wet. Part to Arisaema to form a cluster of bright red berries. Ideal soil is Jack-in-the-Pulpit full shade. Spring - triphyllum moist or wet. Will re-seed happily under the right Early Summer conditions.

3-6’ creamy white, a great source of pollen and Moisture retentive. Bride’s Feathers, nectar, this plant trembles with bees, beetles and Part sun to shade. Aruncus dioicus Goatsbeard other pollinators. Plumes can grow up to 12”, Spring -early making this a nice alternative to Astilbe. Summer 6-8” purple-brown. Attractive woodland Moist, Rich. Part Asarum canadense Ginger groundcover. Companion plant with Maiden Hair shade to shade. Fern, Trilliums or Foam Flower. Spring

2-4’ pink to lavender. Attracts swarms of Moist,wet. Sun to Asclepias Swamp Milkweed/ butterflies, seed pods provide late fall interest in a wildflower gardens. Asclepias is the host plant for part shade. incarnata Purple Butterflyweed Monarch butterfly larvae. Summer

3-4’ Flower heads droop with the weight of sweetly scented blossoms, supported by stalwart stems. Asclepias Like the common and swamp milkweeds, it’s a vital Moist. Sun. Purple Butterflyweed purpurescens host for Monarch caterpillars. The purple flowers Summer themselves seem to blossom with nectar-hungry butterflies.

1-2' vivid orange to red-orange. Delicious nectar attracts scores of butterflies, while the leaves, along with those of other milkweeds, are host to the eggs Dry, Sandy. Sun. Asclepias tuberosa Orange Butterflyweed and caterpillars of Monarch butterflies. Summer

A single-stemmed, unbranched perennial, 1-3 ft. tall. The narrow, linear leaves are whorled along the stem. Small, greenish-white flowers occur in flat- Asclepias Eastern Whorled topped clusters on the upper part of the stem. Dry. Shade to part verticillata Milkweed Because of its toxicity to livestock, this plant is shade. Spring-Fall considered a weed in range areas.

Flowers are white and in an umbel, mostly one per plant. Upon close inspection, some rose or purple color is evident in the center of each individual flower (gynostegium). The milky substance that is Moist. Sun. Spring- Asclepias viridis Green Milkweed exuded when a plant part is broken is very sticky, Fall much resembling “Elmer’s glue.”

This stout, erect-stemmed, often branched perennial grows 1-4 ft. tall. Leaves are pinnately- compound. Many whitish to pale yellow or greenish Dry, wet. Sun to Astragalus pea flowers hanging down slightly in dense racemes Canadian Milkvetch part shade. Spring- canadensis atop often clustered, leafy stems. early Summer

Aster conspicuus Showy Aster 9-12 m high AVAILABLE FROM SEED STOCK Lindl.

3-4’ violet blue. Proud spikes of pea-shaped flowers top decorative foliage. Grows well in slightly acidic Moist. Sun to part Baptisia australis Blue False Indigo to neutral soil. Native to moist woodlands and sun. Spring grasslands. Do not disturb once established.

2-3’, It’s a resilient plant with rounded leaves, thriving in tough conditions. Sunny yellow, sweet- pea flowers are held above the foliage and Baptisia tinctoria Yellow False Indigo eventually ripen into long black pods that provide Dry. Sun. Spring ornamental interest. Several butterfly larvae may nibble on the leaves and it’s a host plant for Indigo Duskywings and Frosted Elfins. 6-12” A bright yellow harbinger of spring the Marsh Marigold adds vibrant color to boggy areas. Prefers Moist,wet. Sun to Caltha palustris Marsh Marigold moist or wet soil, standing water is okay in spring. part shade. Spring May go dormant after flowering.

Wet, Moist Campanula 1-2’ Delicate purple-blue flowers will bloom well drained. Sun to Harebell rotundifolia throughout the season. Vulnerable in New York. part shade. Spring- Summer

3-4 ft. tall erect plant with leafy stems. The upper portion of the stem is lined with showy, lavender- Campanulastrum blue, five-petaled flowers. Radially symmetrical, Moist. Part shade. American Bellflower americanum light blue to violet flowers borne singly or in clusters Summer in axils of upper leaves and forming an elongated, spike-like cluster.

1-3 ft A large, bushy many-stemmed perennial. Thrice-compound leaves with lobed leaflets are Caulophyllu purplish in spring. Inconspicuous, purplish-brown to Moist, well drained. Blue Cohosh thalictroides yellow-green flowers in a loosely branched cluster. Shade. Spring Clusters of flowers are followed by conspicuous, bright-blue berries.

8-14" White. Long stalk that resembles a wand. Produces nuemerous small white flowers in late Dry, rich woods. Chamaelirium False Unicorn or Devil's spring to early summer. Found in Berkshires in Sun to partial luteum Bit open, dry, rich woods with calcareous rock shade. Spring outcrops. Dioecious.

2-4’ white. Attracts butterflies. Grows in dense terminal spikes; blooms somewhat resembles the Moist,wet. Sun to Chelone glabra Turtlehead head of a turtle. This late bloomer is definitely worth part shade. the wait. Host for the Baltimore Checkerspot Summer Butterfly.

1-4" spring Beauty has five pink-lined white petals Claytonia in each of one to several blossoms terminating the Moist, Rich. Part Spring Beauty caroliniana stem. The stem has a single pair of opposite leaves, shade. Spring lanceolate to ovate in shaped, on a petiole.

2-3' Features elongated, branching, loose, pyramidal, terminal clusters of tiny, 2-lipped, tubular yellow flowers in mid to late summer and Collinsonia Dry, Sandy. Part Citronella Horsebalm large, sharply toothed, ovate, green leaves (4-8") canadensis shade. Summer. on square stems. Foliage (when crushed) and flowers of this mint family member have a citronella- like fragrance.

1’ soft pink with yellow eyes.Forms dense stands of thin stems, covered with needle-like whorled leaves Sun to part shade. Coreopsis rosea Pink Coreopsis and half-inch pink daisy flowers, blooms for over Summer four weeks.

Coreopsis 12-28” Sunny wheels of gold adorn dense clumps of Most, NOT wet. Full Whorled Coreopsis verticillata fine, feathery foliage. sun. Spring 3-9”white flowers, shiny red berries Ideal conditions Moist, acidic. Part to are moist, acidic soil with generous amounts of Cornus canadensis Bunchberry full shade. Spring- humus or rotten wood. Forms a carpet and is a fast early Summer grower once established. Sweet smell.

An attractive 12-40" tall biennial native for rocky, shallow-soil sites and cooler climates. It has basal Medium-Dry, Dry. Corydalis rosettes at ground-level the 1st year and flowering Rock Harlequin plants the 2nd year. It could fill in any bare spot in Full to partial sun. sempervirens a sun or semi-shade garden quite quickly. It is Spring-Fall listed as endangered or threatened in several states.

This Larkspur grows up to 4' tall. It has a much later bloom time than other Delphinium species. It Medium-Medium Delphinium is blooming in July when others, like Wild Blue Tall Larkspur Dry. Full sun. exaltatum Larkspur, are already dormant. Many shades of Summer purple, from a deep violet to a pale lavender, can appear in one small population of plants.

3-5’ rosy lavender pink spires of pea-like flowers attract bees and the occasional hummingbird. It Desmodium Part shade to sun. Showy Tick Trefoil acts as gracious host for the caterpillars of Eastern canadense Summer Tailed Blue, Hoary Edge and Silver Spotted Skippers.

Dense, 10 in. high masses of deeply cut, fern-like leaves . Clusters of fragrant, white, pantaloon- Dicentra shaped flowers are on a leafless stalk and overtop Moist. Sun to part Dutchmans Breeches cucullaria the much-divided, feathery basal leaves. This shade. Spring woodland perennial can spread to cover considerable areas.

12-18 ” light pink flower, graceful fern-like foliage. Moist, Rich. Part Dicentra eximia Bleeding Heart Will keep blooming if flowers are cut back before shade to shade. forming seed pods. Spring-Summer

8-14” pale pink to white. A charming spring Dodecatheon ephemeral of the primrose family that relies on Moist. Sun to light Eastern Shooting Star meadia spring rains for its fast succulent growth. Believed shade. Spring to be extinct in New York.

2-3’ dark rose petals with orange-brown center.A great butterfly magnet that is easy to grow in Most soil, drought Echinacea average garden soil and is drought tolerant. Purple Coneflower tolerant. Sun to purpurea Coneflower is a summer garden staple. In Germany, part sun. Summer Purple Coneflower, is used to make over 140 different medicines.

3-4” This diminutive perennial forms low mats of Slightly acidic. Part Epigaea repens Trailing Arbutus leathery leaves with fragrant ½” white flowers that shade to shade. blush with their own beauty. A woodland gem. Spring

2-5’ Provides a long-lived fiery flower display of bright pink/fuschia. Fireweed is usually one of the Epilobium Well-drained. Sun to Fireweed first species to colonize an area following vegetation angustifolium part Sun. Summer disturbances in temperate climates throughout the world. 2' downy, purplish, branching stems in moist or low Eupatorium savanna settings. coelestinum/Cono Resembling a lovely blue-purple fog when found in Blue Mistflower Wet. Fall clineum dense stands, the disk flowers of Eupatorium coelestinum coelestinum form in clusters of 35-70 at the tops of stems

3-5’ white flowers in white terminal umbels from Moist,wet. Sun to Eupatorium July to September; light sweet smelling blooms Boneset part sun. Summer- perfoliatum attract butterflies. Beautiful when combined with Late Purple Joe-Pye

Moist,wet. Sun to Eupatorium 4-8’ pink to purple. Perfect for wet meadows or Purple Joe-Pye pondside planting. Often found with boneset in the part sun. Summer- purpureum wild. Leaves have a sweet vanilla scent. Late

Native to woodland areas in the Eastern United Moist. Sun to partial Eupatorium States. Grows 3-5' tall in rich or rocky woods, White Snakeroot thickets, wood margins and rocky areas. Features shade. Late rugosum small fluffy bright white flowers arranged in loose, summer into Fall flattened clusters atop smooth stems.

2-4’ An excellent woodland’s edge groundcover forming dense carpets of heart-shaped leaves. Moist/ Average. Eurybia Shoots of lavender flowers last for months and the Big Leaf Aster Part sun to shade. macrophylla more sun it gets (but not full sun), the more flowers Fall appear.

3-5’ A regal plant with rich pink cotton candy colored flowers that resemble Astilbe. Tends to Sun to part shade. Filipendula rubra Queen-of-the-Prairie spread and may not be good in a manicured garden. Summer Plant with tall grasses to hide foliage die back after flowering.

Most soil. Part 3-6” white flowers with red berries. Tolerates many Fragaria shade to shade. Wild Strawberry soil conditions, an enthusiastic groundcover, with virginiana Spring-early beautiful red fall color and tasty edible fruits. Summer

1-2’ pale blue to deep violet.his late bloomer provides intense color into fall and is well worth the Most soil. Part sun Gentiana andrewsii Andrew’s Bottle Gentian wait. Threatened in Massachusetts, New Hampshire to sun. Fall and Vermont. Vulnerable in New York.

12" blue, some may call purple, flowers. This plant is now rare due to habitat loss. As with all Moist. Sun to part Gentiana crinita Fringed Gentian threatened native plants, Fringed Gentian should shade. Summer never be picked or transplanted!

Moist, well drained. Geranium 1-2’ lavender-pink. Great for naturalizing under Cranesbill Sun to shade. maculatum trees with Wild Columbine and Foam Flower. Spring Paired, pink to lavender flowers on stalks rising in Geranium axils of intricately divided leaves on hairy, reddish, Herb Roberts robertianum branching stems.leaves have an unpleasant odor when crushed.

A hairy perennial with several purple flowers nodding from a 1 ft. high flowering stem. Large Wet, Moist Acidic. Geum rivale Purple Havens basal leaves are divided into three, lobed leaflets. Sun. Spring Leaves along the flowering stem are also divided but much smaller.

10-16” Prairie Smoke forms mats of small hairy rosettes that send up stiff stalks with a cluster of cupped pink blooms on each. Doubles as a semi- Geum triflorum Prairie Smoke Sun. Spring evergreen ground cover for full sun and rock gardens. Unique and attractive seed heads.Threatened in New York.

Gillenia trifoliata 24-36" tall, terminal, 1" wide white, star-shaped moist to dry. Sun to (formerly known flowers in late spring and early summer on wiry, Indian Physic reddish stems, foliage rich dark green and three- partial shade. as Porteranthus parted. Could be a substitue for a "woodland Spring to Summer trifoliatus) guara". Most effective in mass planting.

Helenium 4-5’ Yellow daisy-like flowers brighten any garden Dog-tooth Daisy Sun to part sun. Fall autumnale and make great cut flowers. Tolerates flooding.

2 to 5' Green or reddish stems wit Multiple yellow flower heads. This is one of the sunflowers that may have . The stems are smooth, occasionally Helianthus Moist, sandy. Sun Thinleaf Sunflower glaucous, in the lower part, and may have short decapetalus to part shade. Fall hairs in the upper area, usually so in the inflorescence. It blooms in late summer and well into fall.

Most, ideal sandy, Helianthus Woodland Sunflower 3-5’ yellow flower. Blooms can last several weeks. Well drained. Part divaricatus shade. Fall

4-6 ’golden orange. Attracts butterflies in summer Heliopsis and rich sunflower seeds attract birds in fall. Moist or dry. Sun to Ox-eye Sunflower helianthoides Incredibly long-lasting blooms look great in a border part sun. Summer perennial garden.

Moist. Part shade. Hepatica > 6" White flower. This Hepatica is a small, elegant, Sharp Leaf Hepatica very early bloomer Flower color is most often pure Early spring-early acutilobia white but can take on shades of pink and purple. summer

Is similar in appearance to the Sharp Leaf except Hepatica Moist. Shade. Early Round-Lobe Hepatica the leaves three lobes are rounded rather than americana Spring pointed. The flower is normally purple. American alumroots leafless, hairy, sticky flower stalk rises 18-36 in. and surrounds its upper third with loosely grouped, minute, greenish, cup-shaped flowers. A Dry to moist. Part Heuchera somewhat hairy stalk bearing yellowish-green, bell- shade to shade. Alum Root shaped, drooping flowers in loose, slender, branching americana clusters; usually 4-5 flowers on each branch. A clump of Early spring - attractive basal leaves springs from an underground stem. Summer The leaves are fuzzy, oval, lobed and somewhat evergreen.

3-8 ft., shrubby perennial. The large, heart-shaped leaves are grayish-green above and hairy-white Hibiscus below. The showy, five-petaled, creamy-white Moist. Sun. Rose Mallow moscheutos flowers have a conspicuous band of red or burgundy Summer-late at their bases from which a tubular column of yellow stamens extends.

12-16". White feathery flowers 1/2 " diameter. Dark Rich, moist, well Hydrastis green leaves resemble maple leaves. Typical in drained soil. Shade Goldenseal canadensis dense clups, spreading by rhizomes. Red berry/fruit to partial shade. in late summer. Endangered. Spring to Fall

Dry, rocky. Sun to Ionactis 1’ violet, Well-suited to dry rock garden conditions. Stiff Aster Shiny needle-like leaves are like no other aster. part sun. Summer- linariifolia late

4-8” violet, occasionally white. It blooms little flowers with a light colored crest on each petal. Moist, Rich. Part Iris cristata Dwarf Crested Iris Smaller and more shade tolerant than it’s larger shade to shade. cousin, the Blue Flag Iris, it makes a great Spring groundcover in shady, woodland areas.

Moist,wet. Sun to 18” - 4’ blue-violet Tropical-sized foliage and blue- Iris versicolor Blue Flag Iris part sun. Spring- violet flowers make this a stunning native iris. late

12-16” It’s pretty eight-petaled white flowers form Jeffersonia an amazing large urn full of cinnamon-toned seeds; Twinleaf a sweet addition to any woodland garden. Twinleaf Shade. Spring-early diphylla is threatened in New York and endangered in New Jersey.

2-4’ fine foliage and spikes of purple flowers perform a great mid-summer show. A great cut Most soil. Sun to Liatris spicata Blazing Star flower known for its high nectar content and part sun. Summer butterfly-attracting powers.

3-8 ft. Flat, mostly whorled, lance-shaped leaves. Several nodding flowers, each on a long stalk and ranging in color from yellow to orange-red with dark Moist,wet. Sun. Lilium canadensis Canada Lily spots, are at the top of a stem that also bears Late spring-early whorled leaves. The slightly recurved lilies are summer yellow on the outside, reddish orange with dark spots on the inside.

2-5 ft., single-stemmed perennial with sword-like leaves arranged in whorls. The stem often branches at the tip to form additional flower stalks. Orange Moist. Sun to part Lilium michiganense Michigan Lily flowers, up to 3 in. across, have petals that curve shade. Summer backward – almost to the base of the flower. Dark spots mark the inner surface of the six petals. Moist to dry, well 12-24" Red to orange upright flowers, about 4" in Lilium drained. Sun to Wood Lily diameter, in summer. Better suited to drier philadelphicum partial sun. conditions. Summer

36-96" tall with up to 40 3" wide orange to red- Moist to wet. Sun to Lilium superbum Turk Cap Lily orange flowers along a tall stalk in summer. Bulb partial sun. scale division possible. Summer

Moist, Rich, Acidic. 1-5” white-tinged with pink. A beautiful Linnaea borealis Twinflower Part sun to shade. groundcover that grows great on mossy logs. Spring

large, handsome plants that thrive in full sun Ligularia dentata Bigleaf Ligularia when moisture is reliable or even constant and in partial shade where it is not.

2-4’ flame red. Favorite of hummingbirds. Does not like to be overcrowded and can easily be overcome Moist, Rich. Sun to Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal Flower by more aggressive growers. Vulnerable in New shade. Summer- York. Late

2-3’ A rare true blue color. Attracts hummingbirds, Moist, Rich. Sun to Lobelia siphilitica Great Blue Lobelia butterflies and bees. Endangered in Massachusetts. part sun. Summer Vulnerable in New York.

Seedbox grows to 3' tall in mesic to somewhat wet prairies and along the edges of marshes and Ludwigia swamps in sandy soils in full sun or partial shade. It Medium-Wet. Full Seedbox alternifolia requires an acidic soil with a pH of 4 to 6. After sun. Summer blooming a cube-shape capsule surrounds the seed, giving this plant its name.

12-30” blue-violet blooms. This nitrogen- fixing legume is also a butterfly magnet. Doesn’t like Rocky, well drained, disturbance so plant where it can naturalize freely. Lupinus perennis Sundial Lupine slightly acidic soil. Companion plant with Little Bluestem, Sun. Summer-Early Butterflyweed, Penstemon and Asters. Endangered in Vermont. Threatened in New Hampshire.

A low plant, only 2-8 in. tall, false lily-of-the-valley blankets woodlands with its two shiny, oval leaves. Moist, Wet. Part The short, often zigzag stem has a small, dense, Maianthemum Canada Mayflower, shade to shade. cluster of tiny, white, star-shaped flowers. In canadense False Lily-of-the-Valley Spring to Early bloom, tiny, white flowers are held in upright clusters on separate, delicate stems. The fruit is a Summer small, pale red berry.

Grows 2-3' tall in clumps and slowly spreads by rhizomes. Features unbranched, gracefully arching Medium, well- Maianthemum stems and tiny, fragrant, creamy white flowers. False Solomon's Seal Flowers followed by greenish berries that turn ruby drained soil. Part racemosum red in summer, often persisting into fall unless shade. Spring consumed earlier by wildlife. Foliage nicely turns yellow in fall. 1-2’ Star-shaped white flowers release a deliciously Maianthemum Star-Flowered False Part sun to shade. sweet perfume. Can be used as a groundcover in stellatum Solomon Seal Spring woodlands or shade gardens.

Moist,wet. Sun to Marshallia 10-14” Glossy narrow leaves that send up dozens of Barbara’s Buttons single rose pink to lavender flowered stems part shade. grandiflora reminiscent of an intricate lace doily. Summer-early

4-10” violet to white. A low creeping woodland groundcover that prefers damp shady spots with Moist, Rich. Part Meehania cordata Creeping Mint filtered morning sun and fertile soil. A perfect native sun to shade. alternative to ajuga or lamium. Spring

Moist, well drained. Mertensia 14-20” pink changing to light blue. An easy species; Virginia Bluebells the largest and most robust bluebell and the one Part sun to shade. virginica most suffering from wild collection. Spring

Wet, Moist 2-4’ lavender. Prefers wet areas such as swamps, wil tolerate most Mimulus ringens Monkey Flower streamsides and lakesides, but will grow in dry conditions. Sun to dusty areas as well. part shade. Spring- Fall

6-8” A delicately textured, Each tiny flower is a Moist, Rich. Shade perfect snowflake in form. Combines well with the Mitella diphylla Bishop’s Cap, Mitrewort to part shade. lavender-blue woodland phlox, as well as a host of Spring other woodland beauties.

Moist, Rich. Sun to Scarlet Bee Balm, 3-4’ Boasting enormous red flowers that bloom for 4- Monarda didyma 6 weeks. To avoid self-sowing, cut back after light shade. Spring- Oswego Tea flowering. A true hummingbird magnet. Summer

2-4’ Provides a stunning lavender summer floral Moist or dry. Sun to Monarda fistulosa Wild Bee Balm display with a pleasant smell.  Attracts part sun. Summer hummingbirds and butterflies.

1-3’ Tubular yellow flowers with tiny purplish spots Well drained, non are supported by pale pink and yellow bracts. Monarda punctata Horsemint acidic. Sun. Spring- Visited by hummingbirds. The leaves are fragrant, Late rather like oregano.

Oenothera 16-30" tall, 1-2" wide, terminal, bright yellow Moist to dry. Sun. Sundrops frutcosa flowers in summer. Summer Shamrock shaped foliage that is mottled. Rose- violet flowers in spring. Occurs in dry woods and Dry. Partial sun to Oxalis violacea Violet Wood-Sorrel praires. Scattered patches, unlike Northern wood sun. Spring. sorrel that forms dense carpets in moist woods.

6-12” An elegant, clumping groundcover without Dry, tolerates the invasive properties of its common Asian cousin. Pachysandra drought & clay. Part Allegheny Spurge Fragrant spikes of cobweb white flowers peep shyly procumbens shade to shade. above almost evergreen leaves. Spring

Moist or Dry to 24-30” Native to wet sunny meadows. A cluster of Packera aurea average soil . Sun Golden Groundsel basal leaves erupts in a burst of tall golden daisies. (Senecio aureus) to part shade. Can form a dense groundcover; seeds prolifically. Spring

4' Typically found in dry areas of prairies and open woods. The leaves have been used for tea in order Medium-Wet, to reduce fevers, hence the names Wild Quinine and Parthenium Medium, Medium- Wild Quinine American Feverfew. The flowers attract Halictine integrifolium Dry. Fulll sun. bees, wasps, flies, and beetles. The beetles usually feed on the pollen, while the other insects seek Summer-early fall nectar.

Showy, light purplish-pink, snapdragon-like flowers Medium-Wet, Penstemon are displayed on 2 to 4' tall spikes in June and July. Calico Beardtongue Medium. Full sun. calycosus Great for naturalizing in average to moist places in Summer part shade. Attrracts butterflies.

2-3’ A beautiful, resilient perennial. Spires of tubular white flowers in June glow in the evening, Dry. Sun to part Penstemon digitalis Foxglove Beardstongue attracting some moth pollinators. Basal leaves turn shade. Spring russet and remain through the winter. Seed stalks are a burnished copper.

12-18" tall, terminal clusters of violet to pale rose, Moist to dry. Sun to Penstemon hirsutus Hairy Beardstongue snapdragonlike flowers in late spring. Much more partial sun. Spring- tolerant of open, dry conditions than PEN DIG. Late

6-12” lavender blue. When combined with Mitella or Most soil. Part Tiarella, it seems as if the summer sky has Phlox divaricata Woodland Phlox shade to shade. descended to the forest floor. Will moderately self- Spring seed.

This 1.5' to 3' tall upright, herbaceous perennial has slender, hairy stems with clusters of lavender-rose, Medium-Wet, Meadow Phlox, Wild lilac-pink, or white flowers. The stems often have Medium. Full sun Phlox maculata Sweet William burgundy spots on them. Indigenous to low woods, partial sun. wet prairies, moist meadows fens, wooded Summer roadsides, river banks and abandoned fields.

30-40” Lush heads of deep pink flowers attract Moist, Rich. Sun to Phlox paniculata Autumn Phlox industrious bees and hummingbirds. An attractive shade. Summer- textural combination with taller grasses and sedges. Late A mounded perennial, downy phlox grows 1-2 ft. tall and bears clusters of fragrant, pale pink to Well drained sand lavender flowers. The petals of the showy flowers Fragrant Phlox, Downy to slightly damp Phlox pilosa are joined at their bases into an elongate tube. Phlox loam. Full to partial Stems and narrow, paired leaves are covered with soft hairs. A favorite nectar source of sun. Early summer hummingbirds.

6-10” A beautiful semi-evergreen woodland Moist, acidic. Part groundcover, pink to violet blue flowers. Great for Phlox stolonifera Creeping Phlox shade to shade. naturalizing in a native lawn. Spring

2-6” Pink flowers, spreading mats of evergreen leaves that will literally blaze with color in the spring.Wait two weeks after flower and then mow Dry, Sandy. Sun to Phlox subulata Moss Phlox your lawn as usual. Also a great border plant in part sun. Spring formal rock gardens.

2-3’ Resembles Snapdragon flowers, excellent for cutting. Not so obedient, will happily take up as Most soil. Sun to Physostegia much room as you give it. Try companion planting Obedient Plant part shade. virginiana with Wild Bee Balm and Black-eyed Susan. Summer-late Threatened in Vermont.

8-16” pearly white, excellent bold and carefree groundcover; spreading with stiff, forking rhizomes. Most soil (once Podophyllum The paired leaves protect a pale white flower that establshed). Part Mayapple peltatum huddles beneath, protected from the harsher sun to shade. elements and sun. Spring-late

10-16” light blue. This uncommon plant native to New York produces ladder-rung-like leaves that help Polemonium Moist. Part sun to Jacob’s Ladder form much branched flower stems that hold the reptans light shade. Spring blooms in loose sprays over the foliage. A great butterfly attractor

2-3’ Elegantly arching stems bear glossy leaves and Polygonatum green-tipped bells, which ripen into blue-black fruit Moist. Shade to part Solomon’s Seal commutatum in late summer. Endangered in New Hampshire. shade. Spring

2-4’ lavender & white. Deep green foliage with silvery bracts make for a unique bloom display, Pycnanthemum Moist. Sun to part Mountain Mint The wonderful fragrance of mint and oregano muticum shade. Summer attracts many pollinators. Threatened in New York.

24-36” Long blooming, carefree and a cheerful Moist (tolerate clay, staple of the sunny garden. Prolific golden daisies drought or pt Rudbeckia fulgida Orange Coneflower with chocolate brown centers are visited by shade). Sun to part butterflies, while its seeds are relished by shade. Summer- chipmunks, birds and others. early

1-3’ yellow-orange. Great cut flower, a butterfly magnet. A short-lived perennial, but with the Most soil. Sun. Rudbeckia hirta Black-eyed Susan quantity of seed it sets, you will never be out of Summer Black-eyed Susans. 2-9' yellow, green cones (or “eyes”) A great Average, medium, Rudbeckia cut flower with unique foliage and a butterfly well-drained soil. Green-eyed Coneflower laciniata and Goldfinch magnet. Full sun to part shade. Summer-Fall

Brown-eyed Susan grows 2-5' tall and tolerates most conditions, including drought, Medium-Wet, once established. A short-lived perennial, it Medium, Medium- Rudbeckia triloba Brown-eyed Susan self-seeds readily, flowering in its 2nd year. An Dry. Full sun. excellent cut flower, it complements the tall Summer to Fall native grasses and common prairie wildflowers.

12-24” The flowers are miniature petunias in the Poor, Well drained. softest of lavender. Long blooming and, although Ruellia humilis Fringeleaf Wild Petunia Part shade to sun. not assertive, it makes a lovely, little groundcover. Summer

8-12". In early spring, the soft gray-green, lobed leaves of bloodroot wrap round the budding flowers Sanguinaria Moist,wet. Sun to Bloodroot like a Victorian cloak. Flower opens during the day canadensis part shade and closes at night. Named for the thickened rhizome that "bleeds" red if scratched.

4-5’ Beautiful blue-green compound leaves fold in Moist,wet. Sun to Sanguisorba when plant is shaken or disturbed. Produces lovely Canadian Burnet bottle brush, creamy white flowers late in the part shade. canadensis season that pollinators love. Summer-Late Fall

2-3’ One of the showiest of the skullcaps with a clumping habit. The tubular violet flowers have a Moist/ Average. Sun flared lower lip and a hooded protruding upper lip. Scutellaria incana Downy Skullcap to light shade. Great for borders, meadows or woodlands. Summer Endangered in New York.

Moist,wet. Part Scutellaria 2-3’ Small tubular flowers of blue-violet and Mad-Dog Skullcap scalloped, textured leaves. Self-sows where happy. shade to shade. lateriflora Summer

The foliage of this 18" tall native has a metallic- purple appearance in spring and early summer. As the leaves lose their luster in mid-summer, spikes Well-drained. Part Scutellaria ovata Heartleaf Skullcap of flowers appear in a cloud of violet blue. It prefers or full shade. Spring- a dry, gravelly part shade, but will grow in any part Fall or full shade site. Can go dormant after flowering in warmer zones.

6” Flowers are waxy white stars containing stamens Moist, well drained. tipped with ebony, like a grain of pepper. Host Sedum ternatum Wild Stonecrop Part shade to plant for the Variegated Fritillary Butterfly. shade. Spring

3-7’ Large golden flowers spring up every year like towering exclamations! Wild senna is extremely Moist. Sun to part Senna hebecarpa Wild Senna valuable for a dramatic vertical effect for a larger shade. Summer garden. Endangered in Mass and NH; threatened in Vt. 2-4” A wonderful choice for a difficult spot in your Sibbaldiopsis garden. It forms a running groundcover in dry, poor Dry. Sun to part Three-tooth Cinquefoil tridentata soils. Leaves are dark, glossy green in summer and shade. Summer turn blood red in fall. Endangered in Connecticut.

4-8” A long-blooming plant with a low mound of Dry, tolerates dark leaves, light to dark pink flowers. Companion drought & clay. Sun Silene caroliniana Wild Pink plant with Blue-eyed Grass and Stiff Aster. to part sun. Spring- Vulnerable in New York. Late

12-18” Red.Great border or rock garden plant. Does well at wood’s edge. Not long-lived, but re-seeds Well drained. Part Silene virginica Fire Pink regularly when pollinated by hummingbirds and shade. Summer bees.

10-20” a rare true blue flower with gold centers Moist, Rich. Sun to Sisyrinchium .Bloom period extended by deadheading. Great for Blue-eyed Grass part shade. angustifolium borders and rock gardens. Summer

1-3’ Arching golden yellow flowers are gorgeous at the woodland’s edge or in shade gardens. Not Most soil. Part Solidago caesia Wreath Goldenrod aggressive. shade to shade. Fall

2-4' tall. Notable for its brilliant yellow flowers, is a shade-loving Goldenrod with attractive, finely- Sand, Loam, Clay. Solidago Zigzag or Broadleaf serrated oval leaves. Named for the way the flowers Full sun to part flexicaulis Goldenrod zig and zag their way up the stem, this is a great shade. Summer-Fall plant for adding color and interest to the late fall woodland.

Commonly grows up to 4' tall, but under ideal conditions will reach 8' or more. It produces stiff flowering stems that are topped with dense clusters Solidago Sandy, Moist. Full Seaside Goldenrod of yellow flowers, that are larger and showier than sempervirens Sun. Summer-Fall those of most Solidagos. The green foliage is glossy and resistant to salt spray. The basal foliage is sword-like and quite large.

1-3’ Wands of blazing yellow on deep red stems add Well drained. Sun to Solidago speciosa Showy Goldenrod color in late summer. Not aggressive. Essential part sun. Summer- source of late season nectar. Fall

12-18” This small adaptable orchid is great for damp areas and can slowly spread to form colonies. Moist, Rich. Sun to Spiranthes cernua Nodding Lady’s Tresses Its lovely vanilla-scented blooms attract the last of part sun. Fall-Late the hungry pollinators in late fall. Spires of tiny spiraling flowers

12-18” Not to be confused with the, rather invasive, Moist, Rich. Part Stylophorum Celandine. Golden goblets are held aloft just above Celandine Poppy clumps of shallowly lobed leaves. Fruit ripens into shade to shade. diphyllum an oblong, fuzzy capsule, while stems form Spring substantial clumps. Dry, average. Sun Symphyotrichum 2-4’ light blue/violet. Provides great fall color when Blue Wood Aster covered with half-inch wide flowers. A good source to part shade. Fall- cordifolium of late season nectar for butterflies and bees. Early

2-4’ dark purple. Late season blooms are an integral Moist or average Symphyotrichum part of the ecology of our overwintering pollinators. soil. Sun to part New England Aster novae-angliae Large bright blossoms stand out attracting shade. Summer- numerous butterflies. Fall

Moist or average Symphyotrichum 2-3’ Brightens forest edges and meadows in late New York Aster summer; light blue flowers mix with the yellows of soil. Sun to part novi-belgii autumn nicely. shade. Summer-Fall

2-6’ Dark purple stems offer great fall color. In the Symhyotrichum Moist,wet. Sun to Purple-stemmed Aster right conditions this aster will be covered in flowers. puniceum part shade. Fall Attracts butterflies and birds.

Teucrium Habitats include moist black soil prairies, edges of American Germander bottomland forests, thickets, moist meadows along canadense rivers, edges of marshes, and around seeps.

2-3’ Yellow. Meadow Rue is one of the first spring Moist, Rich. Part Thalictrum bloomers. Good cut flower. Female and male Meadow Rue shade to shade. dioicum flowers on seperate plants. Spring

36-120" tall, large, open plumes of white flowers in summer, foliage bluish green and fernlike. Often a Thalictrum Moist to wet. Sun to Tall Meadow Rue common plant in wetlands, especially rich, slightly pubescens shade acidic or circumneutral soils. Good companion with Monarda didyma.

4-8” fern-like foliage with delicate white to rose Moist, Average well Thalictrum pink flowers, dormant mid-summer. Charm like no drained. Part sun to Rue Anemone thalictroides other. Threatened in New Hampshire. shade. Sping-early summer

2-4’ A striking, sunny yellow lupine with bright Thermopsis green palm-shaped leaves. Smiles in well drained Well drained. Sun. Carolina Thermopsis caroliniana soil, but sulks if it’s too wet. Spring

8-12” White or light pink. Good groundcover. A Moist, Rich. Part Tiarella great naturalizer for under trees, foliage is green Foam Flower throughout the season. Plant with Virginia Bluebells shade or shade. cordifolia or Wild Bleeding Heart for added color and texture. Spring 24-40” Three petaled blooms in shades of violet Dry, average. Part Tradescantia blue, with an occasional rosy surprise. Goes Bluejacket Spiderwort shade to sun. ohiensis dormant in summer if in full sun. Spring

The spring blooms are up to 4 in. across, and held high above the leaves on upright plants to 16" tall. Moist, Rich soil. Part Red Trillium, Wake One of the easiest Trilliums to grow, since it is Trillium erectum sun to shade. Mid Robin tolerant of acid or alkaline soils. Like all Trilliums, Spring everything appears in threes--three leaves, three petals.

12-14" tall Exquisite white blooms up to 5” across in mid-spring. Flowers fade to a pretty pale pink. This Medium-Wet, Trillium woodland wildflower requires patienc, but is well Medium. Partial White Trillium grandiflorum worth the wait. Seeds produced by the plants and sun, shade. Mid underground roots and will spread slowly into drifts Spring that look like a white blanket covering the ground.

Part sun, part Trillium undulatum Painted Trillium shade. Mid Spring

12-18” Yellow. Each petal is delicately twisted. Most soil, drought Uvularia Seeds are carried in inflated, star-shaped capsules.. Merrybells tolerant. Part shade grandiflora Endangered in Connecticut and New Hampshire. to shade. Spring

12" tall A member of the Lily family, Bellwort species are excellent early-blooming native shade Medium, Medium- Uvularia plants for the woodland garden, shaded border Wild Oats front, wildflower garden or naturalized area. This Dry. Part shade, sessilifolia Bellwort has pale yellow or cream flowers and shade. Spring spreads readily by rhizomes and forming a nice groundcover over time.

2-4’ A bristly perennial that continues to bloom in drought and high heat. Small, deep blue to purple Moist, Average well Verbena hastata Blue Vervain flowers form on dense three to six inch spikes. drained. Sun to part Makes a great cut flower. Sun. Summer-Fall

4-8’ Stunning purple flowers make this plant too Moist or average Vernonia beautiful to resist! A robust grower; be sure to give New York Ironweed soil. Sun to part noveboracensis it some space. sun. Summer

3-6' Dramatic white to lavender flower spikes make Moist, Average well Veronicastrum great cut flowers. Attracts butterflies. Endangered in Culver’s Root Vermont. Threatened in Massachusetts and New drained. Sun to part virginicum York. sun. Summer

GRASSES LATIN NAME COMMON NAME DESCRIPTION CONDITIONS/SEASON AND SEDGES

4-8’ Handsome tall red stems in the fall. Beautiful Moist, but will grow Andropogon in mass plantings or a mixed meadow. Big Bluestem anywhere. Sun to gerardii part shade. Fall Bouteloua Simiilar to B. gracilis, also very drought tolerant but Side Oats Dry, poor. Sun curtioendula reaches about twice the height .

Will withstand regular mowing and is also grown for Bouteloua unmown lawns. It does well in containers and rock Blue Gramma gardens, too. One of the key components of N. Dry, poor. Sun gracilis American short-grass prairies and will withstand considerable drought.

10-12” Reduce your carbon footprint by using it as a lovely, no-mow lawn or plant as textural contrast for broad leaved annuals and perennials. Slender, Dry Part shade to Carex appalachica Appalachian Sedge languid stems flow like water. shade. Spring

2-3’ It’s a lovely textural addition to a border, or a striking plant for naturalizing. All sedges provide Moist. Part shade to Carex grayi Grey Sedge sustenance to a variety of butterfly and moth shade. Spring larvae, and their seeds are an important food source for ground feeding birds.

Loosely packed, narrow leaves forming clumps to Moist to wet, about 2' tall. Leaves often waxy bluish. Naturally icluding saline Carex nigra Black Sedge occurs in salt marhse, among other wet habitats (salty). Sun to and is adapted to high salt concentrations in soil. shade

8-12” Does well in any shady environment,particularly as a groundcover under Carex Part shade to Pennsylvania Sedge oaks. Forms a loose shady lawn over time. pensylvanica shade. Spring

8-10" Shiny green broad leaves provides excellent Moist, average. Part texture in a shade garden. Prefers average to moist Carex plantaginea Plantain-leaf Sedge shade to shade. soil. Companion plant with Wild Bleeding Heart and Spring Wild Columbine.

8-12” Powder blue leaves up to an inch or more wide spread forming slowly expanding clumps. Companion plant with Meadow Rue, Wild Bleeding Moist. Part shade to Carex platyphylla Silver Sedge Heart and Wild Ginger. A native alternative to shade. Spring hostas.

An ideal native groundcover for the woodland or Sand, Loam, rock garden. Naturalizes well. Petite colonies of 6-8" Gravel. Part sun to Carex eburnea Bristleleaf Sedge long soft, thread-like foliage takes on a spherical shade. Late spring- shape as inconspicuous whitish-green flower spikes appear in early spring. Summer

Dense clump of dark green leaves (lighter green when grown in full sun) along 30-36" long stems that end in a large (5-10" wide) open cluster of Chasmanthium Moist. Sun to part Northern Sea Oats flowers in late summer, followed by flat, persistent latifolium shade. fruit that becomes showy when it turns bronze in autumn. FOliage also turns bronze in autumn. Well adapted to moderate shade, self-sows readily. 2-4' tall. An ornamental grass that does well in moderately shady locations. Airy masses of finely Well-drained. Part Deschampsia branched, light green infloresences rise above the Tufted Hairgrass Shade. Summer- cespitosa neatly rounded tufts of narrow, dark green foliage in early summer, and remain intact long enough to Fall provide some early winter interest.

8-18” This drought tolerant grass forms tidy clumps Deschampsia Dry. Part shade to Wavy Hairgrass of fine-textured blades that resemble luxurious hair. flexuosa shade. Spring Late spring inflorescences arch gracefully.

A cool season grass seed that actively grows during the spring and fall when soil temperatures are cool. Elymus hystrix Bottlebrush Grass It provides texture in shaded garden areas and is perfect for planting under oaks and other deciduous trees.

3-5’ Late summer seed inflorescences provide food for birds. Will go dormant after seeding without Moist, average. Elymus riparius Wild Rye proper moisture. Perfect for mixed meadow habitat Sun. Summer or erosion control.

36" Nodding, silky spikes over clumps of blue-green foliage in summer. Plant near evergreens or bright Medium-Wet, flowers to create great contrast. Choose the location Medium, Medium- Elymus villosus Silky Wild Rye with care; this is a very vigorous grower that needs Dry. Part shade to some space. Provides dramatic color and form to shade. Summer autumn and winter landscape.

18-24” Fluffy plumes of bronze-red in late summer come to life in prisms of color in the morning dew. Eragrostis Dry, Sandy. Sun. Purple Love Grass Prefers dry, sandy soil. spectabilis Summer

2’ This sacred grass is used in ceremony by Native Americans who braid and burn it slowly as a Hierochloe “smudge” stick to purify the body and soul. The Vanilla Sweet Grass Moist. Sun. Spring odorata glossy leaves have a pleasant vanilla fragrance. Rhizomes creep slowly to form a patch in moist soil.

Open clumps 1-2' tall and wide. Leaves light green, fine-tectured. Flowers- pinkish, foxtail-like whisks- on nodding stems above foliage. Short-lived but Hordeum jubatum Foxtail Barley Moist to wet. Sun. reestablishes readily from self-sown seeds, cvan oitcompete other desirblle species. Tolerates wide range of soils, including salt.

Moist to wet, Dark, evergreen, cylindrical stems in erect clumps including about 3' high. One of the most common, eay-to- Juncus effusus Softrush permanent, shallow, grow herbaceous species for wetland restoration standing water. Sun projects. to part sun.

Easily grown in wet to somewhat dry soils. (6 inches Shallowwater, wet Juncus tenuis Path Rush (plugs) to 2ft). This tough rush tolerates foots traffic and meadow, shore. com- pacted soils. Sun Dark green leaves, shiny, to 1/2" wide and 12" long Moist, well drained. Luzula acuminata Hairy Wood-Rush in dense clumps. A good ground cover for woodland Part shade. conditions.

24-36" Dense mounds. Flowers in open, large, fine- Panicum virgatum Switch Grass textured clusters in mid summer.

3-4’ Great as a large-scale groundcover or mixed Schizachyrium border, matures to a beautiful burnt orange in fall. Little Bluestem Dry, poor. Summer. scoparium Can be used for erosion control, seeds attract birds, foliage can be bunched and braided into wreaths.

A good soil stabilizer, provides many of the same Shallow water, wet Scirpus atrovirens Green Bulrush (plugs) benefits as woolgrass and is resistant to both meadow, shore. flooding and short periods of drought. Sun

3-5’ bunching sedge. Woolly inflorescences hanging from 5’ stalks turn a copper color in late summer Moist, wet. Sun to Scirpus cyperinus Wool Grass and last into winter. Seems to appreciate having part shade. close companions to shade its roots. Summer

3-8’, spreads to 2’. Beautiful translucent yellow- deep gold fall color. A tall grass, great for a border Sorgashtrum Most, NOT wet. Sun Indian Grass accent or screen, forms tall narrow clumps that can nutans to part sun be used in fresh or dried arrangements. Rare and endangered in Massachusetts.

Sporobolus 3' Tall Dense, upright arching mounds offinely Prairie Dropseed heterolepis textured grass leaves. Likes well drained soil.

Upright, clump-former, to 4' tall. Medium green Well drained to leaves, about 12" long with drooping flower clusters Tridens flavus Purpletop moist. Sun to part that are glossy reddish purple in late summer. Can become invasive in moist, fertile soils. sun.

FERNS LATIN NAME COMMON NAME DESCRIPTION CONDITIONS/SEASON

12-30” A slow growing fern found in rich moist deciduous woodlands with neutral soil. Maidenhairs Moist, rich neutral send up a horizontal fan of delicate fronds one to Adiantum pedatum Maiden Hair Fern soil. Part sun to two feet above the ground. Often accompanied by shade carpets of wild leeks and trilliums. Unhappy if soil is too acidic. Vulnerable in New York.

8-18" tall, bright to dark green, straplike, leathery Asplenium fronds. Challenging to grow, and one of the rarest Moist, well drained, American Hart's-Tongue scolopendrium ferns in the US (federally listed as threatened).90% circumneutral. Fern var. americanum occur in upstate NY. Found on north-facing slopes at Shade mid slope position, under deciduous tree canopy. 4-6" tall, once compound, evergreen frond of very Moist, well drained, Asplenium small, nearly rounded leaflets on blackish stem. Maidenhair Spleenwort Naturally thrives in deeply shaded, narrow crevices high organic matter. trichomanes of limestone bedrock, especially suited for shaded Shade. portions of the rock garden.

1-2’ A smallish clump-forming fern. Long feathery bright green foliage with reddish veins look beautiful planted among shady companions such as Silver Athyrium filix- Part shade to Northern Lady Fern Sedge, Jack-in-the-Pulpit and Wild Ginger. femina shade. Spring Vulnerable in New York.

6-12” A compact and tidy fern with appealing, fuzzy fronds grows best in mostly sun or bright shade and moist, well drained soil. Will tolerate Moist, well drained. Cheilanthes lanosa Hairy Lip Fern drought and rock gardens, but will be smaller and Sun to part sun sparser. Endangered in Connecticut and New York.

Fronds 3-6" tall, arching, bright green, variable in Cool,moist, Cryptogramma shape depending on whether frond bears spores. Slender Rock Brake Also known as Slender Cliff Brake. Is best suited to calcareous rock. stelleri very shaded conditions of the rock garden, as long Shade as the rocks, like limestone, are high in calcium.

15-30” This soft textured fern is a rapid spreader in Dennstaedtia open meadows and lightly wooded slopes. Beautiful Hay-Scented Fern chartreuse fronds have a soft textured appearance Part sun to shade punctilobula that looks stunning en masse. Fronds turn golden- bronze in fall.

Fronds 24-36 inches tall, deciduous fern. A fertile hybrid of the northern or arching wood fern and the Dryopteris Moist. Shade to part Mountain Wood Fern evergreen wood fern. It is a robust, beautiful fern campyloptera sun. that is fairly easy to cultivate on partially shaded to shaded sites.

Fronds 12-36" long, twice pinnate, leaflets spear- Rich, wet to moist. Dryopteris shaped, dark green. Native to forested wetlands in Crested Wood Fern Shade to part cristata this region and will therefore tolerate substantial shade. soil wetlands.

2-4' A magnificent fern forming loose, arching clumps. Fiddleheads unfurl to reveal deep blue- Dryopteris green fronds with paler green tips, which darken as Goldie’s Fern they age. The base of each frond is shaggy with Moist. Shade. goldiana golden brown scales. Endangered in NH and vulerable in Conn and NY.

Dryopteris Fronds evergreen, 18-36" tall, very lacy texture. Evergreen Wood Fern Also known as the common wood fern. A beautiful Moist to dry. Shade. intermedia fern for very shaded conditions.

12-18”Bright chartreuse fronds unfurl in the spring, Dryopteris Moist or dry. Part Wood Fern change to dark blue-green in summer and remain marginalis sun to shade. green through the winter. Vulnerable in New York. 2-4’ Stately feather-shaped fronds are highly ornamental and make a striking backdrop for bright water-loving perennials. This elegant fern will grow Matteuccia Moist, wet. Part Ostrich Fern from vigorous underground runners in moist to wet struthiopteris shade to shade. soil. Goes dormant in summer without adequate moisture. Edible fiddleheads. Vulnerable in New York.

1-3’ Deeply-lobed dark green fronds will happily spread in wet meadows, woods or boggy areas. Fertile fronds of dark brown persist through the Moist, wet. Shade Onoclea sensiblis Sensitive Fern winter. In the right spot it becomes a deep green to part sun. wonderfully textured ground cover.

3-5’ Tall large clumps of bright green arching fronds are found in moist acidic soils. Fertile fronds mature Osmunda to the color of cinnamon sticks later in the season. Moist, acidic. Part Cinnamon Fern cinnamomea Vulnerable in New York. shade to shade.

24-48" tall, spores in dark sacs about midway along Osmunda Moist. Shade to part Interrupted Fern leaf frond. This Osmunda species occurs on the best- Claytoniana shade. drained soils, including upland sites.

2-5’ Tall, arching, light green fronds resemble the leaves of the black locust tree. With a little light and sufficient moisture these will slowly form showy Part shade to Osmunda regalis Royal Fern clumps as wide as they are tall. Vulnerable in New shade. York.

3-10" tall, evergreen. Often "glued" to rock Polypodium Moist, well drained. Rock Polypody surfaces, on which t can form impressively large virginianum Shade. mats.

12-24” An easily recognizable member of mixed hardwood forests with sturdy evergreen fronds that Slightly acidic, well Polystichum form neat clumps up to two feet wide. Ideal soil is Christmas Fern slightly acidic and well-drained. Vulnerable in New drained. Part shade acrostichoides York. to shade.

10-28" tall, shiny dark green, twice pinnate fronds Rich, moist, well Polystichum with lacy texture. The stem that holds the leaves is Braun's Holly Fern covered with a dense layer of golden brown scales drained. Shade to braunii that contributes to this species ornamental part shade. appearance.

1-4’ The most common fern in New England with distinct three parted blades on top of long stalks. Moist to dry, well The young fiddleheads, covered in silvery gray hair, Pteridium aquilium Bracken Fern drained. Sun to part are one of the first to unfold in the spring and are shade. so deliciously edible they were used for monetary bartering in the middle ages.

1-2’ A wonderful, soft groundcover fern for partly shaded to woodland sites. Graceful swathes of New Thelypteris Part shade to New York Fern York fern fill space without overwhelming. A great noveboracensis shade. overplanting for spring ephemerals or bulbs that undergo early dormancy. 12-30" tall with bluish green fronds. Grows in Moist to wet, shallow water in sahde to full sun as well as in moist Thelypteris including standing Marsh Fern but well-drained garden soils in sun or shade. One palustris water. Part sun to of the best fern species for wet soils, but not as robust as cinnamon, royal or ostrich ferns. shade.

Moist to dry (with 5-16" tall with grayish green, erect, semievergreen Woodsia obtusa Blunt-Lobed Woodsia light shade). Part fronds. Excellent fern for the rock garden. shade to part sun.

12-24" tall with fronds traingular and dark, glossy Woodwardia Moist to wet. Shade Netted Chain Fern green. A vigorous fern for the garden, and ideally areolata to part sun. suited for wet, acidic conditions.

18-24" tall with fronds initially bronze-colored, becoming glossy and very bright green in full sun; Moist to wet, Woodwardia deciduous. Will thrive under wettest acidic including standing Virginia Chain Fern virginica conditions. Despite its common name, this species water. Sun to part is also very cold-tolerant. If soil is not permanently shade. saturated, the netted chain fern is a better choice.

TREES AND LATIN NAME COMMON NAME DESCRIPTION Conditions/Season SHRUBS

12-60’ tall, 12-18’ wide Familiar to most as the common. Christmas Tree, this fragrant relatively fast-growing.Evergreens provide essential wildlife Moist, acidic, cool. Abies balsamea Balsam Fir (tree) shelter from harsh winter weather. Makes an Part sun to sun. excellent year round “fence” or privacy screen. Endangered in Connecticut.

40-70' A medium-sized, deciduous tree that is native to Eastern North America from Quebec to Acer rubrum Red Maple Minnesota south to Florida and eastern Texas. It typically grows 40-60’ tall with a rounded to oval crown.

15-20’ tall, 7-10’ wide.Comfortable in the shady understory of moist, acidic woods with serpentine- Moist, acidic, cool. Acer like bark in shades of green, black and white. Large Striped Maple (tree) three-lobed leaves turn a luminous yellow in Part shade to pensylvanicum autumn and glow like lanterns scattered in the shade. Spring woods. Needs cool, moist soil and only morning or afternoon sun.

50-100’ tall, 35-50’ wide. One of the more rapidly growing maples, it’s native to floodplains and damp soils. One of the host plants for the caterpillars of Moist. Sun to part Acer saccharum Sugar Maple (tree) the spectacular Cecropia moth. The early swelling shade. Spring buds are important fare for starving squirrels in spring.

10-20’ height, 5-10’ width. This small, woodland understory tree is a flush of white flowers in early spring. Purple berries in early summer taste of Amelanchier Most. Sun to part Shadbush (small tree) pears. They are among the tastiest wild berries and canadensis shade. Spring a welcome sight to nesting birds feeding their young. With gorgeous spring flowers and edible fruits,

2-6” tall, 2-4’ wide A woody groundcover thriving in nutrient-poor sandy soil. Early spring flowers provide nectar for hungry, waking bees and bright Arctostaphylos Kinnickinnick Bearberry Sandy, poor. Sun. red fall fruits are a food source for small mammals. uva-ursi (small shrub) Spring Trailing stems will form dense carpets of small glossy green leaves in summer that turn bronzy-red in winter. 3-8’ tall, 3-6’ wide. Never suffering from drought or blights of any kind, it produces heavy clusters of shinning red berries at the same time that the Sun to part sun. Aronia arbutifolia Red Chokeberry (shrub) foliage calls out to passing birds in shades of Spring- Summer brilliant crimson. Its burgundy fall foliage makes the Red Chokeberry a great alternative to the invasive Burning Bush.

3-8’ tall, 3-6’ wide A very adaptable, shrub with dark purple-black berry clusters that persist into Aronia Black Chokeberry winter, providing high-energy food when nature’s Sun to part sun. melanocarpa (shrub) pantry is bare. White flowers in spring and deep Spring burgundy fall foliage

Pyramidal crown, often in thickets to 20' high. Alternate leaves, 6-12" long, dark green, truning shades of yellow and bronze in autumn. Flowers Moist, well drained. Asimina triloba Pawpaw round chocolate-red to purple, velvety in Sun to shade. appearance. Fruit truns light yellow-gren with brown blotches when ripe in autumn.

60-80’ tall, 10-25’ wide A fairly shade tolerant tree with bronzy-gold bark that peels off in sheets. Moist, acidic Betula Longer-lived than most birches,it can grow into an (slightly), cool. Yellow Birch (tree) alleghaniensiS impressive old specimen in the company of Maple Shade to sun. and Beech Trees. Spring

40-60’ tall, 10-25’ wide High concentrations of wintergreen oil are used to make birch beer. Moist, acidic Sweet Birch or Black Chewing a twig on a winter’s hike is a delicious, (slightly), cool. Betula lenta Birch (tree) refreshing experience. Fall color is a glowing shade Shade to sun. of brilliant yellow. Spring

Up to 70' hight, typically single stemmed naturally but often sold in clumps by nurseries. Barck is chalky white, slowly exfoliating in large, papery Moist or dry woods, Betula papyrifera Paper Birch sheets. Truly a boreal species, thriving at the rocky ridges, edges highest elevations in the Northeast. Suseptible to of woods. Sun the bronze birch borer, especially in a more southern part of the region.

Typically a multi-stemmed clump in nature, to about 30' high. Bark dull white gray , often with black patches below major branches, not exfoliating. Dry, sterile, sandy Betula populifolia Gray Birch Great for restoration of dry (to wet) acidic, infertile, or rocky, to wet. sandy or rocky sites. Good resistance to bronze Sun birch borer. Will grow become chlorotic on soils with high pH.

Upright stems that form dense shrub to 10' tall. Leaves nearly round in outline and with rounded Betula pumila Bog Birch Moist to wet. Sun teeth along margin, dark green on top. Cold hardy shrub for wet, especially organic soils.

60-80’ tall, 15-25’ wide A beautiful heat-tolerant birch commonly used in landscaping for its pinkish, or orange-red, exfoliating bark that curls off in Light shade to sun. Betula nigra River Birch (tree) papery sheets. River Birch is an important host Spring plant for many showy native butterflies, insects and moths. Threatened in New Hampshire.

Up to 35’. Beloved by hummingbirds and long- tongued moths for its clusters of fiery orange-red Campsis radicans Trumpet Creeper (vine) flowers. Exuberant vine , cut back in early spring Sun. Summer to restrain growth and encourage blooms. 15-20’ tall, 12-18’ wideThis floodplain tree has a smooth, sinewy, blue-gray bark laced with striations of a deeper hue. Yellow fall color blends with Carpinus Moist. Part shade to Ironwood (small tree) orange, scarlet, and maroon. A great host plant for caroliniana shade. Spring butterflies. Provides food and shelter for birds and mammals.

Long, nearly eliptiacl crown, to 80+' high. Bark slate- gray, peels away from main truck in narrow broad, Dry to moist. Sun to Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory long strips. Deep taproot is well adapted to very dry part sun. soils. Golden fall foliage. Can be very messy for residential use.

2-3’ tall, 2-3’ wide This is a tough little shrub that, for some reason, is getting harder to find in its native habitat. It not only prefers, but needs, poor, Ceanothus New Jersey Tea (small Well drained. Sun to nitrogen-deficient, well-drained soil. Put it in your americanus shrub) part sun. Summer roughest garden situation and wait for this small native shrub’s fragrant blooms.

50+' high. Leaves bright green, turning holden yellow in autumn. Bark irregular, consisting of warty Celtis Dry to wet. Sun to Hackberry projections, unusual but not necessarily attractive. occidentalis part shade. Indestructible large tree for wide range of sites. Somewhat resembles native elms.

3-8’ tall, 3-6’ wide unfolds its mass of dark green glossy leaves in spring. Distinctive in form, its Cephalanthus fragrant ivory flowers are 1.5 inch globes of divine Moist. Sun to part Button Bush (shrub) occidentalis nectar, attracting countless butterflies. A natural to sun. Summer stream banks and pond shores. Prune dead wood and fertilize in spring.

Single or multiple stemmed, somewhat flat-topped crown, to about 25' high. Leaves bluish-green Moist, well drained. turning pale or golden yellow in autumn, flowers Cercis canadensis Eastern Redbud Sun to part shade. reddish purple in bud, opening to rosy pink in early spring. Great small ornamental tree for shady Spring conditions.

10’ tall Fragrant white flowers in July give way to airy seed pods in late September. Will self-seed in Average-rich. Part Clematis virginiana Wild Clematis (vine) the rightconditions. Trellis or let it sprawl freely sun to sun. Summer over nearby plants.

4-9’ tall, 4-12’ wide Fragrant creamy white blooms are nectar decadent, attracting butterflies and Moist, wet. Sun to Clethra alnifolia Summersweet (shrub) pollinators in what is usually a mid-summer part sun. Summer blooming lull. Fragrant blooms and glossy, deep green foliage

4’ tall, 4’ wide This amazingly attractive, mid-to-low growing shrub will colonize even the poorest of Dry, rocky, sandy. Comptonia soils. Deep green leathery leaves have a fern-like Sweet Fern (shrub) Sun to part sun. peregrina appearance, and produce long-hanging yellow- Spring green catkins in mid-spring. No pruning necessary; in fact, is resented.

15-25’ tall, 6-15’ wide The architectural layering of its branches gives this native the common name of Cornus Acidic. Part shade to Pagoda Dogwood (tree) “pagoda dogwood.” Fragrant flat clusters of small alternifolia shade. Spring white flowers are humming with hungry insects, while the fruit is relished by birds. 12-20’ tall, 8-15’ wide small horizontally branching tree . In spring, tiny flower clusters, surrounded by Flowering Dogwood four ivory bracts, unfold before the leaves emerge. Sun to part shade. Cornus florida (small tree) Clusters of crimson berries at branching tips are Spring - Fall Fruit advertised to hungry birds with red, orange, and purple fall foliage.

6-8’ tall, 6-8’ wide An incredibly adaptable shrub Damp to relatively with high wildlife food and habitat significance. dry . Sun to light Cornus racemosa Gray Dogwood (shrub) White berries on red pedicels are relished by birds shade. Spring - Fall and its thicket-forming habit provides valuable cover and nesting sites. fruit

5-15’ tall, 5-10’ wide Golden green stems and creamy white umbels of flowers give way to prolific Red Osier Dogwood blue-white summer fruit, relished by many birds. Sun to part shade. Cornus sericea (shrub) Stems create a dramatic display of burning red in Spring winter, returning to green again in spring. Excellent for winter landscapes

8-12’ tall, 8-12’ wide Hazelnut is a suckering, Moist to dry, sandy thicket-forming shrub with early spring catkins, soil. Low salt American Hazelnut Corylus americana broadly oval four inch leaves and late summer tolerance. Sun to (shrub) hazelnuts which ripen in ruffled light green papery part sun. Spring - husks. A natural to woodland edges or understory Fall nut

2-3’ In late spring, tubular blooms of soft yellow appear at the tips of the branches. For the rest of the season, it remains a graceful, undemanding Dry. Part shade to Diervilla lonicera Bush Honeysuckle (shrub) green, spreading slowly by suckers. Fall foliage is shade. Spring yellow to sometimes a burnished red.

Modest size and often thickets on drier sites, Diospyros reaching 90+' high on rich, moist, well-drained Dry to wet. Sun to Persimmon virginiana sites. Dark green leaves turning reddish purple in part shade. autumn. Edible orange fruit.

Massive, dense crown, often with numerous, much Moist, well drained. smaller root suckers beneath. 7-+' high, alternate Sun to shade. Fagus grandifolia American Beech leaves, turning golden bronze in autumn. Edible Winter - Keeps seeds. Bark light gray and smooth regardless of size. Leaves

Rounded crown, to 60' high, leaves pinnatley compoun, turning yellow in autumn. Bark consists Fraxinus Dry to wet. Sun to Green Ash of narrow, interlacing ridges. Widely planted as pennsylvanica part sun. street trees becsuase the tolerate a wide range of site conditionsand has excellent foliage.

Dry, well drained, Gaultheria 3-6” Will make a loose carpet over time. Edible Wintergreen (small shrub)berries are minty sweet. acidic. Shade. procumbens Summer.

1-3’ The sweet, juicy fruit of these hardy little shrubs is great for eating out of hand, or for jams Gaylussacia Black Huckleberry and pies. Will tolerate shade as a shrubby Acidic. Part shade to baccata (small shrub) groundcover, but will bear more fruit with some sun. Spring-Fall sun. Fruit also enjoyed by birds and small mammals. Moist and Rich, will Hamamelis 10-20’ tall, 8-15’ wide Spectacular yellow fall tolerate variety of Witch Hazel (small tree) virginiana foliage and fragrant blooms. conditions. Part sun to shade. Fall

6-10’ tall, 6-10’ wide Bright red berries are Wet, acidic (will produced only by the females (make sure a male is tolerate moist). Sun Ilex verticillata Winterberry Holly (shrub)close by for pollination). May fruit from October to to part shade. Fall- March. Berries create a nice display in the fall and winter. Winter

15-35’ tall, 3-12’ wide watch in Fall as beautiful trees turn from silvery blue-green to shades of lavender to the deep burnt umber .Females produce Well drained. Sun to Juniperus Eastern Red Cedar a crop of blue berries which provide an excellent part sun. Spring - virginiana (small tree) winter food source for wildlife. Best not to plant Fall Fruit near apple trees due to cedar-apple rust.

4-15’ tall, 4-8’ wide Evergreen shrub with early Moist, well drained, summer blooms that will captivate with shades of Kalmia latifolia Mountain Laurel (shrub) acidic. Light shade. white and pale pink. Trunks become gnarled with Spring-Summer age and cinnamon-brown bark peels off in strips.

8-15’ tall, 6-15’ wide Smooth nodding green leaves that smell of cloves & anise when crushed. Yellow fall color signals to birds that the female spicebush Moist. Part sun to Lindera benzoin Spicebush (shrub) will soon have bright red berries (excellent food shade. Spring. source for numerous birds) also the host plant for Spicebush Swallowtail Butterflies.

70-100’ tall, 30-60’ wide Great floral goblets of lime green and orange. Distinctive leaves turn Liriodendron golden yellow in autumn. A host plant for Moist, fertile. Sun to Tulip Tree (tree) tulipifera swallowtail butterflies, nectar source for part sun. Summer. hummingbirds and pollinators, and a seed buffet for numerous birds and squirrels.

20’ tall, 8’ wide A favorite of nectar-sipping hummingbirds, these trumpet-shaped clusters of Lonicera coral red flowers will bloom all season in full sun or Sun to part shade. Coral Honeysuckle (vine) sempervirens half day shade. Provide a trellis or fence for support Spring-Fall and water during periods of drought. Leaves of green with purple veins will persist late into fall.

Single or multiple stems arising at the ground, to 25+' high. Evergreen in warmer portions of its range. Dark leaves, creamy white flowers, lemon Magnolia Moist to wet. Sun to Sweetbay Magnolia scented in early summer. Smooth brownish gray virginiana shade. bark. Not cold hardy, excellent choice for very wet soils where cold temps are not limiting. Can grow in low elevation central NY.

2-5’ tall, 3-6’ wide Attractive dark gray-green leaves and dramatically curving trunks would not Moist, acidic. Sun to Myrica gale Sweet Gale (small shrub)look out of place in a Japanese-style garden. part sun. Spring Inconspicuous flowers become clusters of black seed-filled cones.

Narrow crown with distinct network of fine, horizontal branches, to 50+' high. Alternating shiny Dry to wet, acidic dark green leaves, turning red, purple, orange, or Nyssa Sylvatica Blackgum or Black tupleo sandy soil. Sun to yellow in autumn. Bark variable and blocky, shade. resembling an alligator hide. In natural stands can form thicket from root sprouts. 30’ tall An aggressive grower that will do well in almost any soil and prefers part sun. Five-fingered Parthenocissus foliage and bright red fall color are perfect for Most soils. Sun to Virginia Creeper (vine) quinquefolia climbing along fencing or hiding bare spots in the shade. landscape. Berries provide valuable winter food for over 35 varieties of birds. Gorgeous fall color.

Somewhat arching stems to about 8' wide and high. Dry to wet, sandy Physocarpus Simple 2" leaves, yellow to brinze in autumn, or rocky. Sun to Eastern Ninebark opulifolius flowers white or pinkish all along the stem in late part shade. Spring- spring to early summer. Summer

Dry (if not too far Densely, broad, pyramidal crown, to 60' high. south) to wet, but Picea glauca White Spruce (Wards) Leaves needlelike, bluish green, stiff, to 3/4" long. A best in moist, well true boreal species. drained. Sun to part shade.

Moist to wet, will tolerate drought Platanus Open, irregular and braod crown. 100+' high. Bark American Sycamore exfoliates revealing browns, grays, greens, and once established, occidentalis creams. and weeks of deep flooding. Sun

Large tree with very open, broad crown, to 100' Dry to wet, high. Bark deeply ridged and furrowerd. Fast including Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood growing and can be a hazard in residential occasionally and proximity. Best for wetland restoration. deeply flooded. Sun

A fast-growing, floriferous, compact, deciduous shrub with many branches. It typically grows in a mound to 2-4’ tall on branches with medium to blue- Potentilla Well drained. Sun to Shrubby Cinquefoil green leaves. Flowers are saucer-shaped, 5- fruticosa part shade. petaled, yellow flowers (to 1.5” diameter) which appear over a long summer bloom period. It provides good erosion control.

4-6’ In late spring, a frothy tide of white covers coastal dunes ¬– the beachplum is in bloom. By Well drained. Sun. Prunus maritima Beach Plum (shrub) August, its wiry branches are laden with 1” fruit, Spring- Fall Fruit prized by cooks for jams and jellies, and by birds as nutritious meals.

40-60’ tall, 15-40’ wide In full sun, assumes an oval shape with slightly drooping branches, while shade Sun to part shade. and competition narrow its outline. Fairly rapid Prunus serotina Black Cherry (tree) Spring - Summer grower. Drooping narrow panicles of white flowers Fruit ripen to red and purple fruit. Host for caterpillars of the Cecropia Moth and other species.

Moist, well drained, Dense shrub, due to root suckerung, or small tree but will tolerare to over 20' tall. Dark grren 4" simple leaves, shades Prunus virginiana Chokecherry much drier of red and orange in autumn. White flowers, red conditions. Sun to fruit, turning purple, astringent. part shade.

80-100’ tall, 50-90’ wide This most majestic of trees is planted with the future in mind. In sun, it will Sun to part shade. Quercus alba White Oak (tree) spread as wide as it is tall, providing delightful Spring - Fall Acorn shade and a sense of stability. One of the best all around trees for wildlife. 6-10’ tall, 4-10’ wide Beautiful blooms on this evergreen shrub make it a staple in any garden. Will bloom and grow in the shade with moist to Moist, moderatley Rhododendron Rosebay Rhododendron moderately dry soil. Once common in the dry. Part sun to maximum (shrub) Berkshires, but was dug up in the 1800’s to be shade. Summer planted at large estates and is now classified as rare.

6-12’ tall, 3-5’ wide Abundant pink or white flowers with a wonderful honeysuckle-clove scent can make Rhododendron a great impact on the garden or woodland’s edge. Pinxterbloom Azalea (shrub) Sun to part shade. periclymenoides Glossy green leaves are deciduous and this multi- stemmed shrub prefers moist acidic soil.

4-10’ tall, 3-5’ wide Abundant white flowers with a wonderful honeysuckle-clove scent can make a Rhododendron great impact on the garden or woodland’s edge. Stickybud Azalea (shrub)Glossy green leaves are deciduous and this multi- Sun to part shade. viscosum stemmed shrub prefers moist acidic soil. Threatened in NH, vulnerable in NY.

8' high and wider by means of rooting along prostrate stems. Compound leaves, consisting of Dry to moist, well Rhus aromatica Fragrant Sumac three dark green and shiny leaflets truning shades drained. Sun to part of red, purple, and orange in autumn. Red hairy shade. fruit persisting till winter.

8-18’ tall, 8-15’ wide Topical-like foliage that turns shades of deep red in autumn. Its spires of maroon fruit persist into winter when food is scarce Staghorn Sumac (tall Most. Sun to part Rhus typhina providing forage for over 90 birds and woodland shrub) sun. Summer-Fall creatures. A host plant for the Red-banded Hairstreak butterfly.

Moist, wet (drought 3-5’ tall, 3-6’ wide Forms a dense rounded shrub tolerant once Rosa palustris Swamp Rose (shrub) with clusters of rosy flowers and small, red-orange established). Sun. fruits in late summer. Summer

5-7’ tall, 4-7’ wide This thornless member of the raspberry genus looks like no other. Large, soft Moist, well drained. Flowering Raspberry maple-like leaves spread beneath stunning 2” Rubus odoratus Part shade. Late (shrub) flowers of deep, rose-pink. Fruit is light red when Summer ripe, has a slightly dry texture and sweet, vanilla–tinged flavor

Moist, damp 6-12’ tall, 4-8’ wide Silver catkins warming (tolerates flooding). Salix discolor Pussy Willow (shrub) themselves in the March sun are a sure sign that Sun to part sun. winter’s tide has turned. Spring.

One to few stemmed tree to 60' high. Bark dark, Moist to wet, Salix Nigra Black Willow deeply furrowed, with thick, somewhat scaly ridges. including occasional Best for wetland restorations. standing water. Sun

5-10’ tall, 3-8’ wide Beautiful palm-sized flower clusters of creamy white. Birds will wait until Sun to part shade. Sambucus drooping clusters of cabernet–colored berries are at Elderberry (shrub) the peak of ripeness before swooping down to Early Summer then canadensis devour. Be sure to save some for yourself, because fruit elderberry can be used to make wine, jam, pies and cough syrup. 8-15’ An upright, arching shrub, taller than wide. Hummingbirds visit the creamy white flowers, which Moist. Sun to part Sambucus pubens Upland Elderberry (shrub) are rapidly succeeded by red fruits that attract shade. Spring birds.

30-60’ tall, 12-25’ wide Two-thumbed mitten shaped leaves, spectacular fall color, spicy bark and roots used for its restorative capabilities. Moist, moderately Sassafras albidium Sassafras (tree) Chartreuse flowers in spring gives way to ripening dry. Sun to part blue-black fruit clusters advertised to migrating sun. birds by orange-scarlet leaves in fall. Hosts Spicebush Swallowtail Butterfly

Crown round, flat-topped, often multiple stemmed, Moist (will tolerate dry generally 30' high. Dark green eaves pinnately conditions in northern compound turning shades of red, purple, orange Sorbus americana American Mountain Ash portions or higher and yellow in autumn. White flat cluster of flowers, elevations of region). fruit brihgt orange-red. Best for cold, moist climates Sun to part shade. in moist to wet soils

3-6’ tall, 3-4’ wide White flower spires with a pink blush are covered with pollinators for the duration Sun to part sun. Spiraea latifolia Meadowsweet (shrub) of its long blooming period. Golden brown stems Summer. glow against winter’s landscape.

2-5’ tall,2-5’ wide A stunning natural display with white birch and elderberry. This fast growing shrub Steeplebush (small Dry Sun to part sun. Spiraea tomentosa can be cut back every two years for renewed vigor shrub) Summer and growth. Showy flowers provide mid-summer color.

Wide-spreading, open crown, to 15' high. Dark grrn Moist, acidic, high in leaevs turning shades of orange and red in autumn. Stewartia ovata Mountain Stewartia organic matter. Part White round showy flowers in early to mid-summer. Understory tree in its native habitat. sun.

Crown at any age pyramidal and graceful, branches becoming more pendulous with age, to 75+' high. Moist, well drained. Tsuga canadensis Eastern Hemlock Leaves needlelike, egg-shaped cone fruit, bark Sun to shade. deeply furrowed, with thick ridges. Slect cultivars are better for dwarf or hedging.

100’ tall, 60’ wide A rapid grower with an umbrella shaped silhouette, elms may grow 3-6 feet per American Elm year. Important host plant for a number of native Full sun to part Ulmus americana ‘Princeton’ or ‘Valley butterflies. This is the only cultivar we grow shade. Forge’ (tree) because this tissue-cultured Elm is 94% resistant to Dutch Elm Disease and provides the classic American Elm shade.

8-24” tall, 1-3’ wide The famous Maine blueberry of rocky outcrops and wind-swept woodland edges. It Acidic, rocky & well Vaccinium Lowbush Blueberry will give you delectable summer fruits and brilliant drained. Sun to part angustifolium (small shrub) red-orange fall foliage. Blueberries will fruit on their shade. Spring- own; however to ensure a good fruit set plant more Summer berries than one in close proximity.

6-10’ tall, 4-8’ wide Whitish-pink blossoms and copious bluefruit throughout the growing season with bright crimsonfall foliage display. Red stems Moist, acidic. Sun to Vaccinium Highbush Blueberry add interest to the winter landscape. Will fruit part shade. Spring- corymbosum (shrub) ontheir own; plant more than one in close proximity Summer berries to ensure a good fruit set 7' high and wider, spreading by branches that root along the ground. Dark green simple leaves, turning Moist, well drained. Viburnum shades of red and purple in late summer to autumn. Hobblebush Part sun to shade. alnifolium White flowere, in flat clusters 5" diameter. Red fruit Early Spring flowers becoming dark purple in autumn. Very shade tolerant.

6-8’ tall, 4-8’ wide Abundant with dark blue fall berries. White flower clusters and dense greenery Sun to part shade. Arrowwood Viburnum Viburnum dentatum provide valuable nesting and foraging sites that are Spring Flowers Fall (shrub) difficult for predators to penetrate. Berries ripen berries. just in time for fall migration.

Thicket-forming, dense shrub or single-stemmed tree with somewhat arching crown, to 25' high. Dry to moist. Sun to Viburnum lentago Nannyberry Long shiny dark green leaves, turning sahdes of part shade. purple and red in autumn. White falt clusters of flowers in late spring. Bark scaly or blocky.

12' high and wide. Leaves resemble a maple leaf, American shiny, dark green, turning yellow or red-purple in Moist, well drained. Viburnum trilobum Cranberrybush autumn. White flowers in flat clusters to 4' in Sun to part sun. diameter.