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Overview: Nursing Part II

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Krysia Hudson

Nursing Informatics Definitions

What is Informatics?

 The term “informatika” was coined by Russian scientist A. I. Mikhailov in 1966 as “the discipline of science which investigates the structures and properties (not specific content) of scientific , as well as the regularities of scientific activity, its theory, , methodology and ."

Collen, 1995

1 What is Informatics?

 The phrase ‘informatics’ was coined in the 1970’s from the French term, informatique  It was used to emphasize the computer processing of data and information, whereas nursing data processed by the computer was referred to as nursing informatics.

Nursing Informatics

 “… a combination of , and nursing science designed to assist with the and processing of data, information and to support the practice of nursing and the delivery of nursing care”. Graves and Corcoran, 1989

Nursing Informatics

 “…a specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, and knowledge in nursing practice. Nursing Informatics facilitates the integration of data, information, and knowledge to support patients, nurses, and other providers in their decision-making in all roles and settings”. ANA Scope of Practice for Nursing Informatics, 2001)

2 Informatics in Healthcare

 Management and processing of information to support decision making in practice  Encompasses all information needs related to a healthcare practice  The study of informatics improves the effectiveness of data assimilation, interpretation and representation, so that healthcare professionals can make informed decision

Components of Healthcare Informatics

Cognitive Computer Science Science

Information Science

Turley, 1996

Cognitive Science

 The scientific study either of mind or of intelligence (e.g. Luger 1994).  Focus on understanding the functions of the mind  Human thinking, understanding and remembering  Concerned with the nature of knowledge, its components, its sources, its development and its deployment

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 Is itself a combination of:  Computer Science   Neuroscience 

Computer Science

 Refers primarily to the development, configuration and of computer hardware and software

Information Science

 primarily concerned with the structure, creation, management, storage, retrieval, dissemination and transfer of information, for future use.  stu dies the appli ca tion o f in forma tion in , on its usage and the interaction between people, organizations and information  recent years: also interest on human computer interaction (HCI) and to the ways people generate, use and find information.

4 Components of Nursing Informatics

Nursing Computer Science Science

Information Science

ANA, 2001

I propose

 Definition evolves  NI= fx (Information Science + Computer Science + Cognitive Science + Nursing Science)  Purpose – to allow for managing and communicating of data, information and knowledge to support nurses and healthcare providers in making decisions concerning patients

Focus

 Point of care  Need focus on secondary data

5 Informatics Core

 Data  Information  Knowledge  Widsom

DIKW

Wisdom

Knowledge

Information

Data

Data

 Discrete entities that are described without interpretation (Romano, 1996)  Raw facts; basic materials  120, inflated, 98.6  120 – the speed I would like to run  inflated – what my tire wasn’t last week  98.6 – my favorite FM station

Data alone, has no meaning !

6 Information

 Data processed into a structured form.  Data that are interpreted, organized or structured and given meaning  Systolic is 120  Foley inflated with 5 cc NSS  8 AM oral temperature is 98.6 degrees

Knowledge

 Synthesized information derived from the interpretation of data, and it provides a logical basis for making decisions.  UiUsing knowl ldedge is essent ilial in ma king decisions as well as in making new discoveries.

 If systolic is 120 then discharge patient from unit

 If oral temperature is 98.6 then d/c cooling blanket

The five rights of information

 Right information – accurate, free of error and meaningful  Right person – must be given to right person to be useful  Right time – time is crucial to patient’s health  Right place -  Right amount -

7 Boundaries

 INs use computers, , and other NI tools and methods to “support” nursing work  INs focus on information structure, , and presentation and on what that information can do to promote decision-making  Boundaries within and outside nursing

NI’s Boundaries Within Nursing

 distinguished from other nursing specialties by focus on information of nursing  when focusing on handling of patient care information, the informatics nurse is functioning in the clinical domain.

(ANA,1994)

NI’s Boundaries Outside of Nursing

 Interaction with supporting disciplines  computer science, management (science), information science, information services, engineering, and science  Interaction with all other healthcare disciplines  Nurses use programs and data sets that are common to many clinical disciplines

8 Roles of Informatics Nurse

 Theory development  Analysis of information needs  Selection of computer systems  DiDesign of compu ter sys tems an d custom itiizations  Testing of computer systems  Training users of computer systems  of users on information

Hebda, Czar and Mascara (2005)

Roles of Informatics Nurses

 Evaluation of the effectiveness of computer systems  Ongoing maintenance and enhancements  Identification of computer that can benefit nursing  Compliance with regulatory requirements for information handling   Research

Hebda, Czar and Mascara (2005)

This is the End of Module 1 Part II

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