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2016-04-20 NXP FTF Qt Embedded Performance Performance Driven Development on Low- Cost Embedded Hardware › Increasing Return-On-Investment & shortening time-to-market › Louai Al-Khanji › Principal Consultant, The Qt Company Agenda › Qt for Device Creation › Qt Quick 2D Renderer › What is it? › What pain does it address? › Demo › Qt Quick Compiler • Reducing memory consumption • Improving start-up time • Deployment • QML Profiler • Demo! • Conclusion Qt for Device Creation Problems facing Device Creation How Qt for Device Creation addresses those problems Boot to Qt pre-built stack Problems facing device creators (software) SW HW Middle- Tooling Dev Kit Interface ware Finding a Porting Accelerated Rapid iterative software Specs development development development kit Design (….) Save time (….) Code re-use Pre-made controls 4 24 May 2016 Presentation name / Author Software Development Kits for Device Creation › System Images › Softwar ethat runs on the hardware › Toolchain › Compilers › Tools › Sysroot › Development files for system image 5 24 May 2016 Presentation name / Author Operating System SDK: Linux › Yocto › Buildroot › Ubuntu/Debian › Board Support Packages (BSP) › Linux kernel (patches) › Graphics Drivers › Radio hardware firmware › Wi-Fi › Bluetooth › NFC › GSM 6 Operating System SDK: Windows Embedded › Pre-built images from hardware vendors. › Microsoft provides SDK and Tooling (Visual Studio) 7 Operating System SDK: RTOS(s) QNX, VxWorks › Need to go through the RTOS provider to get the image and SDK 8 Interfacing with Device Hardware › Camera and Sensors › GPU Application › OpenGL › OpenCL / CUDA › Radio (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC) Qt Libraries › Serial, CAN, i2c, Profibus › Audio › Display Platform Native Interfaces Windows Linux Android QNX VxWorks Embedded 9 Accelerating Development with Qt Middleware › User Interface Primitives › Buttons, Checkboxes, Radio Buttons › Views › Easily converting designer’s vision into a User Interface › Look and Feel › Internationalization Support › Input methods (Virtual Keyboards, remote controls) › Integrated Web Browser › Multimedia playback 10 Qt Developer Offering, Cross-Platform APIs Essentials Widgets Qt Quick WebEngine Add-ons + WebView C++ QML Charts Native L&F Controls GUI HTML 5 Layouts Layouts Hybrid UIs SVG Data Visualization Styles Styles OpenGL OpenGL Canvas 3D Vi rt u al Key b o ard Core Multimedia Network Serial Port Bluetooth Processes Audio HTTP Positioning Concurrency Threads Video FTP IPC Radio TCP/UDP Printing Scripting non-GUI Containers Camera SSL I/O NFC Platform Extras Strings Sql Qt Test Etc. XML Sensors SQL and Oracle databases Image formats In-App Purchasing 11 Tooling for Rapid Iterative Development › IDE (Integrated Development Environment) › Ease of deployment to devices › Remote debugging and profiling › Simulation/Emulation of devices 12 Qt Creator Rapid Workflow with Qt Quick Declarative UI Design Modern User Interfaces, written with QML. Ideal for rapid UI prototyping. Designer Imperative Logic Power of Cross-Platform Native Qt/C++ Core Network Sql Developer Processes, Threads, HTTP SQL IPC, Containers, FTP & NFC XML I/O, Strings, SSL Oracle Bluetooth SerialPort Etc. Databases Positioning + Direct Hardware Access 14 Boot to Qt: Pre-built Reference Stack › Lightweight Linux Stack › Without X11 (targets fbdev) › Minimum dependencies to enable most Qt features › Images and Full Development Environment available for reference hardware › Build Scripts to further customize the image and SDK for your needs 15 Boot to Qt: Immediate prototyping with reference stacks http://doc.qt.io/QtForDeviceCreation/qtee-supported-platforms.html 16 Demo Time! Embedded Linux: Building your own Qt › Toolchain › Sysroot › Yocto/Buildroot › Existing image › Host machine vs Target Image 18 Ways of Using Qt on Embedded Platforms Qt Enterprise Embedded Qt Creator IDE, Pre-built HW image (”Boot Tools to configure Qt libraries Development to Qt Software Stack”) the software stack (source code) environment Manual configuration and compilation HW HW 1. Use pre-built, configurable software stack 2. Configure and compile Qt directly from the as-is in the hardware, for embedded Android or source codes to a large variety of HW and OS embedded Linux. combinations using your own software stack 19 © 2014 Digia Qt Configure Arguments for Cross-Compilation › -prefix /usr/local › Intended install directory on the device › -extprefix $SYSROOT/usr/local › Location installed on host machine by “make install” › -host prefix ~/Qt-build/ › Location to install host tools (qmake, moc, uic…) › -sysroot $SYSROOT › -device rasp-pi › Name of the devices mkspec you are targeting › -device-option CROSS_COMPILE=${location_of_toolchain} 20 From Prototype to Product with Qt for Device Creation No Changes Qt Application Qt Application Customize and build yourself Boot to Qt Boot to Qt Embedded Linux with Boot to Qt Software Stack Software Stack Yocto recipes Reference HW (eg. BD i.MX6 Production HW SABRELITE) (eg. Customi.MX6) The Qt Company and Partners can help 21 21 Demo: Adding a New Device Kit to Qt Creator Qt Quick 2D Renderer No GPU? No Problem Qt Quick 2D renderer Qt Quick 2 • Renders Qt Quick without OpenGL • Can render fully in Software Qt Quick 2D Renderer Scene Graph • Makes use of 2D Hardware acceleration • DirectFB (Linux) OpenGL QPainter • Direct 2D (Windows) • Others possible Direct2D DirectFb LinuxFb New enterprise add-on available from Qt 5.4 What is the Qt Quick 2D Renderer? Qt Quick 2.x QML SceneGraph SceneGraph Adaptation Layer OpenGL Batch Qt Quick 2D Render Render QPainter QBackingStore OpenGL (ES) 2.0 25 Problems Qt Quick 2D Renderer Addresses › No GPU, or no OpenGL 2.0 support › No requirement for: › Particles › 60 FPS animations › “Eye Candy” › Same UI across device portfolio 26 Using the Qt Quick 2D Renderer › export QMLSCENE_DEVICE=softwarecontext 27 What about the OpenGL Dependency? › Qt Quick 2 (QtDeclarative module) depends on OpenGL (ES) 2 › Build Qt 5 with support for OpenGL (desktop or ES2) › Dummy OpenGL Libraries › OpenGL, EGL, and KHR headers › Libraries for libGLESv2.so and libEGL.so (only symbols) 28 2D Hardware Acceleration with QBlittable drawPixmap drawPixmapOpacity fillRect alphaFillRect drawCachedGlyphs QBackingStore QPixmap 29 Qt Quick 2 Limitations with the 2D Renderer › ShaderEffect › Particles › Sprites › Custom Items with OpenGL › RenderControls (Qt 5.4+) 30 Not Just for Embedded › Works anywhere QWidget works › Uses the same rendering path as QWidgets › No dependency on QWidgets Module › Desktop Platforms › Windows (remove OpenGL dependency) › Linux (X11 Forwarding) › Remote Desktop 31 Demo time! Future of 2D renderer › OpenVG › Possible to add support › Not planned at the moment › Let us know if you are interested › New Hardware › Moving beyond DirectFB › Partnering with HW vendors › Customer requests › Many improvements to come › Close collaboration with users 33 Qt Quick Compiler › Optimizing Qt Quick Applications Ahead Of Time Background › Qt Quick applications consist traditionally of a mixture of › C++ code › Declarative QML files with embedded, imperative JavaScript code › Additional resources such as PNG image files 35 Background › C++ code gets compiled to native code in target architecture › PNG image files and other resource get embedded into the resulting binary through the Qt Resource System › QML source files need to be deployed verbatim to the target device 36 Background › On application startup: › The QML engine parses QML source code › Compiles JavaScript code to native code on the fly: › Memory needs to be allocated for the generated code › Code generation consumes precious startup time › If target architecture is not supported by Just-in-time compiler, execution happens using slower interpreted byte-code 37 Introducing Qt Quick Compiler › Allows for compilation of .qml and .js files in Qt Quick applications ahead of time › Output is portable C++ code that is compiled alongside the application C++ code › Embedded in the final application binary › Requires a commercial Qt license 38 Qt Quick Compiler Outline 1. Reducing memory consumption 2. Improving start-up time 3. Simplifies deployment 4. Conclusion 39 Reducing Memory Consumption › Just-in-time code generation requires the allocation of executable memory › Memory is not shared – two processes loading the same .qml file have to allocate the memory for the embedded code twice. 40 Reducing Memory Consumption › Regular application C++ code is compiled into sections in the executable › Code sections are loaded on-demand from disk using mmap(). Executing the same program twice results in the compiled code being shared in memory. 41 Memory Consumption: Example Samegame › Environment: Linux, armv7, release build › Without Qt Quick Compiler: › smaps reports: › Private_Clean: 4076 kB › Private_Dirty: 12744 kB › With Qt Quick Compiler: › Private_Clean: 4652 kB › Private_Dirty: 11976 kB › è~600 kB memory became mmap()’able from disk › Merely by flipping a switch in the build system 42 Qt Quick Compiler Outline 1. Reducing memory consumption 2. Improving start-up time 3. Deployment 4. Conclusion 43 Just In Time Compilation on Start-Up › Six-fold compilation process: › Parse QML/JavaScript Source into abstract syntax tree › Generate intermediate representation › Transform to SSA form › Perform optimizations (constant value propagation, etc.) › Transform out of SSA, perform register allocation › Generate native code from IR › Time consuming, but important for performance 44 Qt Quick Compiler Compilation › Entire compilation process happens
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