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Land Near Wanlip Charnwood Leicestershire Archaeological Land near Wanlip Charnwood Leicestershire Archaeological Fieldwalking Survey Accession no. X.A198.2013 for Prospect Archaeology CA Project: 660178 CA Report: 13703 December 2013 Land at Wanlip Charnwood, Leicestershire Archaeological Fieldwalking Survey Accession no. X.A198.2013 CA Project: 660178 CA Report: 13703 prepared by Dan Stone, Project Supervisor date 5 December 2013 checked by Simon Carlyle, Principal Fieldwork Manager date 16 December 2013 approved by Simon Carlyle, Principal Fieldwork Manager signed 23 December 2013 date issue 01 This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission. © Cotswold Archaeology Cirencester Milton Keynes Andover Building 11 Unit 4 Stanley House Kemble Enterprise Park Cromwell Business Centre Walworth Road Kemble, Cirencester Howard Way, Newport Pagnell Andover, Hampshire Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ MK16 9QS SP10 5LH t. 01285 771022 t. 01908 218320 t. 01264 347630 f. 01285 771033 e. [email protected] © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Wanlip, Leicestershire: Archaeological Fieldwalking Survey CONTENTS SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... 2 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 3 2 SURVEY RESULTS ........................................................................................... 6 3. DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................... 9 4. CA PROJECT TEAM ......................................................................................... 10 5. REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 10 APPENDIX A: THE FINDS ............................................................................................. 11 APPENDIX B: OASIS REPORT FORM .......................................................................... 12 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan, 1:25,000 Fig. 2 Fieldwalking location plan, 1:8000 Fig. 3 Fieldwalking location plan: Area 1, Fields 1-11, 1: 3000 Fig. 4 Area 1, general view of Field 2, looking north-east Fig. 5 Area 1, Fields 1-11: distribution of worked flint, 1: 3000 Fig. 6 Area 1, Fields 1-11: distribution of medieval and post-medieval/modern pottery, 1: 3000 Fig. 7 Area 1, Fields 1-11: distribution of post-medieval building material and slag, 1: 3000 Fig. 8 Fieldwalking location plan: Area 2, Field 12 and Area 3, Field 13, 1:2500 Fig. 9 Area 2, general view of Field 12, looking north-east Fig. 10 Area 3, general view of Field 13, looking south Fig. 11 Area 2, Field 12 and Area 3, Field 13: distribution of worked flint, 1:3000 Fig. 12 Area 2, Field 12 and Area 3, Field 13: distribution of medieval and post- medieval/modern pottery, 1:3000 Fig. 13 Area 2, Field 12 and Area 3, Field 13: distribution of post-medieval building material, 1:3000 1 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Wanlip, Leicestershire: Archaeological Fieldwalking Survey SUMMARY Project Name: Land near Wanlip, Leicestershire Location: Charnwood, Leicestershire NGR: SK 5785 1126 Type: Fieldwalking survey Date: 28 October to 1 November 2013 Location of Archive: Leicestershire Museums Service Accession No: X.A198.2013 Site Code: WAN 13 In October 2013, a fieldwalking survey was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology on farmland near Wanlip, in the Borough of Charnwood, Leicestershire. The survey, which was commissioned by Prospect Archaeology, covered three areas (45.1ha) to the west and north-west of the village. The survey had originally included a fourth area immediately to the west of the village, but this had to be omitted from the survey due to access restrictions. The distribution of prehistoric worked or modified flint shows an apparent concentration in in the southern part of Area 1. However, the assemblage contains only one item, part of a Mesolithic or Early Neolithic blade, which can be dated with any certainty, so it is not clear if the material is associated with a relatively narrow period of activity on the site, perhaps dating to the Mesolithic or Early Neolithic periods, or is the result of accumulation over millennia in an area that was generally favourable for this activity. The medieval and post-medieval material was probably introduced to the site through manuring or the opportunistic dumping of rubble around the edges of the fields. The greater incidence of post-medieval/modern material in the central and western part of Area 1 is probably accounted for by past activity along the railway line and around a 19th-century building near Bridle Road Spinney. 2 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Wanlip, Leicestershire: Archaeological Fieldwalking Survey 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 In October 2013, Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological fieldwalking survey on farmland near Wanlip, Charnwood, Leicestershire (site centred on NGR: SK 5785 1126; Fig. 1). The survey, which was commissioned by Prospect Archaeology, was intended to cover four areas (Areas 1-4) to the west and north-west of the village, but access issues precluded survey in the area nearest the village (Area 4). 1.2 The project was carried out in accordance with a method statement prepared by CA (2013) and the English Heritage procedural documents Management of Archaeological Projects 2 (EH 1991) and Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MoRPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (EH 2006). The site 1.3 The site, which in its entirety covers an area of c. 188ha, is situated to the west and north-west of the village of Wanlip, in the Borough of Charnwood, approximately 6.5km north of Leicester city centre (Fig. 1). Within the site, four areas were selected for fieldwalking survey (Areas 1-4; Fig. 2). Area 1, which was the largest area (40ha), was located at the western end of the site and comprised parts of eleven fields in the vicinity of Bridle Road Spinney. Areas 2 and 3 (3.5ha and 1.6ha respectively) comprised two fields situated between the A6 and a sewage plant on the edge of the floodplain of the River Soar. Area 4 (2.7ha) lay immediately to the west of Wanlip, but it was not possible to access this area at the time of the survey. 1.4 The geology of the site comprises Triassic rocks of the Edwalton Member, part of the Sidmouth Mudstone Formation, overlain by superficial Quaternary deposits of the Oadby Member (diamicton). In the eastern part of the site, in the area to the east of the A6, Pleistocene fluvial, lacustrine and organic deposits associated with the proto-River Bytham occur (Bytham Formation), along with Quaternary sands and gravels of the Birstall Member (BGS 2013). 3 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Wanlip, Leicestershire: Archaeological Fieldwalking Survey Archaeological background 1.5 Reference to the Leicestershire Historic Environment Record (HER) shows that the site is located in an area of archaeological potential, with over forty records of sites dating from the Mesolithic to the modern periods within or close to the site. 1.6 Possibly the earliest evidence for human activity in the vicinity comprises twelve flint blades of Mesolithic or Early Neolithic date that have been found near the sewage works, approximately 100m to the north of Area 2 of the current survey (MLE 1100). In the central part of the site, scatters of Late Neolithic/Bronze Age flint (over two- hundred pieces) and sherds of probable Bronze Age pottery were recovered by a fieldwalking survey on farmland to the west of Wanlip Hill Farm in the mid 1980s (MLE 1094) and in the eastern part of the site, close to Areas 2 and 3 of the current survey, archaeological investigation identified two Neolithic or Bronze Age pits and other activity at Gravel Hole Spinney (MLE 9120). Scatters of flint of a comparable age have also been recovered by fieldwalking survey to the south-west of Wanlip, c. 300m from the site boundary (MLE1087) and a probable barrow has been identified from cropmarks in a field c. 150m north of the site, near Brookfield Farm, Rothley. 1.7 Archaeological investigations at Hallam Fields, immediately to the south of the A46, have identified a Middle to Late Iron Age enclosed settlement and field system (MLE 17179). 1.8 In the eastern part of the site, in the fields to the north of the A46, archaeological investigation identified a possible Roman corn drier and road surface and subsequent investigation in the area uncovered the remains of a small Roman settlement (MLE 9128). A Roman brooch was found at Hallam Fields, to the south of the A46 (MLE 9670) and further Roman remains, including a villa, are located to the north of the site, near Rothley. 1.9 The village of Wanlip is thought to have originated during the Anglo-Saxon period and evidence for early Anglo-Saxon settlement has been located to the north of the village, near the sewage works. This comprised four possible sunken-featured buildings, from which were recovered three loomweights and a quantity of pottery and animal bone (MLE 9123). Saxon pottery has also been recovered from Hallam Fields (MLE 6124) and a large rectangular pit filled with burnt stones, revealed during work on a pipeline at the western edge of the site, close to Fox Covert, 4 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Wanlip,
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