Ministère de l'Energie et des Mines Agence du Service Géologique de l’Algérie Comité de Stratigraphie de l’Algérie
Le Quaternaire des bassins méditerranéens
MÉMOIRES DU SERVICE GÉOLOGIQUE DE L’ALGÉRIE 22
Recueil de notes séléctionnées au Workshop sur la Géologie du Quaternaire de l’Algérie SÉTIF Les 4 et 5 décembre 2019 ALGER, 2021 Ministère de l’Energie et des Mines Comité de lecture Agence du Service Géologique de l’Algérie Lot n° 5, Boulevard 11 décembre 1960, El Biar - Alger ABDELLAH H. Laboratoire de Géo-Energie, Centre de Recherche et des Technolo- gies de l’Energie, Université de Carthage, (Tunisie). ABTOUT A. Centre de Recherche en Astronomie, Astrophysique et Géophysique Présidente du Comité de Direction : (CRAAG), Alger, (Algérie). Karima BAKIR-TAFER BENAISSA Z. Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Terre, de la Tél. : 023. 37. 32. 20 Géographie et de l’Aménagement du Territoire, Université des Sciences et de la Fax : 023. 37. 32. 69 Technologie Houari Boumediene, Alger, (Algérie). BENDJOUDI H. 1, rue Madone 75018, Paris, (France). Directeur de la Division Géo-Information BENSALAH M. Département des Sciences de la Terre et de l’Univers, Faculté des Abdelkrim KHELAF Sciences, Université Abou Bakr Belkaïd, Tlemcen, (Algérie). BENHAMOU M. Faculté des Sciences de la Terre et de l’Univers, Université Oran 2, Bibliothèque des Sciences de la Terre (BST) Oran, (Algérie). Consultation documentaire - Echanges BESSEDIK M. Laboratoire de Paléontologie Stratigraphique et Paléoenvironnements, Université Oran 2, Oran, (Algérie). Banque de Données - Dépôt légal BONIN B. Département des Sciences de la Terre, Faculté des Sciences d’Orsay, 18A, Avenue Mustapha El Ouali, Alger 16 000 Université Paris Sud, (France). Tél. : 023. 49. 03. 26 BOUHADAD Y. Centre National de Recherche Appliquée en Génie Parasismique, (CGS), Alger, (Algérie). Éditions - Fabrication - Secrétariat de Rédaction CHAÏD-SAOUDI Y. Institut d’Archéologie, Université d’Alger 2, Alger, (Algérie). Lot n° 5, Boulevard 11 décembre 1960, El Biar - Alger COTTIN J.-Y. Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, (France). Tél. : 023. 37. 32. 17 DECONINCK J.-F. Université de Bourgogne, (France). Responsable des Editions: Samira MENDIR DJABRI L. Laboratoire Ressource en Eau et Développement Durable, Faculté des Sciences de la Terre, Université Badji Mokhtar, Annaba, (Algérie). GROSHENY D. UMR 7566 Géo-Ressources, Université de Lorraine, (France). Editeur en chef : Ahmed NEDJARI GUIRAUD R. Blanche Colombe D, 23, rue de la La Sorbes, 34 070 Montpellier, Comité scientifique (France). HERNANDEZ J. 59, rue du Chateau des rentiers, 75 013 Paris, (France). AÏSSA D.-E. Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Terre, de la Géographie et de KAREL SCH. Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre, Université Louis Pasteur, l’Aménagement du Territoire, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Strasbourg, (France). Boumediene, Alger, (Algérie). LEDOUX J.-E. 34, rue de la Paroisse, 77 300 Fontainebleau, (France). BELANTEUR O. Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Terre, de la Géographie et LEGRAND-BLAIN M. 216 Cours Général de Gaulle, F33170 Gradignan, (France). de l’Aménagement du Territoire, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari LIEGEOIS J.-P. 216 Geodynamics and Mineral Ressources, Royal Museum for Boumediene, Alger, (Algérie). Central Africa, B-3080 Tervuren, (Belgium). BELHAI DJ. Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Terre, de la Géographie et de MAHBOUBI M. Département des Sciences de la Terre, Faculté des Sciences de la Terre, l’Aménagement du Territoire, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari de Géographie et d’Aménagement du Territoire, Université Oran 2, Oran, (Algérie). Boumediene, Alger, (Algérie). MANIA J. Polytech'Lille, Université Lille1, Lille, (France). BENALI H. Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Terre, de la Géographie et de l’Aménagement du Territoire, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari MAOUCHE S. Centre de Recherche en Astronomie, Astrophysique et Géophysique Boumediene, Alger, (Algérie). (CRAAG), Alger, (Algérie). BENDAOUD A. Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Terre, de la Géographie et de MOURI H. Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, (South Africa). l’Aménagement du Territoire, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari NACHITE D. Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Larache, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Boumediene, Alger, (Algérie). (Maroc). BOUGDAL R. Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Terre, de la Géographie et de NEDJARI A. Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Terre, de la l’Aménagement du Territoire, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Géographie et de l’Aménagement du Territoire, Université des Sciences et de la Boumediene, Alger, (Algérie). Technologie Houari Boumediene, Alger, (Algérie). OUZEGANE KH. Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Terre, de la BOUIMA T. Département des Sciences de la Terre, Institut d’Architecture et des Sciences de la Géographie et de l’Aménagement du Territoire, Université des Sciences et de la Terre, Université Farhat Abbas, Sétif, (Algérie). Technologie Houari Boumediene, Alger, (Algérie). BOUTALEB A. Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Terre, de la Géographie et de OUABADI A. Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Terre, de la l’Aménagement du Territoire, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Géographie et de l’Aménagement du Territoire, Université des Sciences et de la Boumediene, Alger, (Algérie). Technologie Houari Boumediene, Alger, (Algérie). BOUZENOUNE A. Département des Sciences de la Terre et de l’Univers, Faculté des Sciences de OBERHANSLI R.-E. Bäckerstrasse, 14467 Potsdam, (Allemagne). la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Jijel, (Algérie). TAQUET PH. Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, (France). CHIKHI-AOUIMEUR F. Cité les Asphodèles, Bt. A3, Appt. 48, Ben Aknoun, Alger (Algérie). TURKI M.-M. Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus HADDOUM H. Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Terre, de la Géographie et de Universitaire Tunis El Manar, Tunis, (Tunisie). l’Aménagement du Territoire, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Alger, (Algérie). HAMOUDI M. Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Terre, de la Géographie et de l’Aménagement du Territoire, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Alger, (Algérie). KOLLI O. Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Terre, de la Géographie et de l’Aménagement du Territoire, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Alger, (Algérie). LAOUAR R. Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Terre, Université Badji Mokhtar, Annaba, (Algérie). MANSOUR B. Faculté des Sciences de la Terre et de l’Univers, Université Oran 2, Oran, (Algérie). MARMI R. Laboratoire Géologie et Environnement, Université Constantine 1, Constantine, (Algérie). MENANI M.-R. Département des Sciences de la Terre, Faculté des Sciences, Université Hadj Lakhdar, Batna, (Algérie). MESBAH M. Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Terre, de la Géographie et de l’Aménagement du Territoire, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Alger, (Algérie). MEZGHACHE H. Département de Géologie, Université Badji Mokhtar, Annaba, (Algérie). OUALI-MEHADJI A. Laboratoire de Paléontologie Stratigraphique et Paléoenvironnements, Université Oran 2, Oran, (Algérie). TALBI M. Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Terre, de la Géographie et de l’Aménagement du Territoire, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Alger, (Algérie). TOUBAL A.-C. Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Terre, de la Géographie et de l’Aménagement du Territoire, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Alger, (Algérie). Quaternaire du Béni Abbès ZELLOUF KH. Faculté des Hydrocarbures et de la Chimie, Université M’hamed Bougara, (Ougarta, Béchar) Boumerdès, (Algérie). (Collection ASGA)
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(Q$OJpULHFHWWHSpULRGHHVWWUqVSHXpWXGLpHHWOHVJpRORJXHVTXLV¶\LQWpUHVVHQWDERUGHQWGHVVXMHWVYDULpV VRXYHQWHQµ¶VROLWDLUHV¶¶ 3RXUWRXWHVFHVUDLVRQVXQZRUNVKRSVXUFHWWHWKpPDWLTXHDpWpRUJDQLVp &HW pYqQHPHQW JpRVFLHQWLILTXH V¶HVW GpURXOp OHV HW GpFHPEUH j O¶XQLYHUVLWp )HUKDW$EEDV6p- WLI2UJDQLVpFRQMRLQWHPHQWSDUO¶$JHQFHGX6HUYLFH*pRORJLTXHGHO¶$OJpULH $6*$ OH&RPLWpGH 6WUDWLJUDSKLHGHO¶$OJpULH &6$ HWO¶,QVWLWXWG¶$UFKLWHFWXUHHWGHV6FLHQFHVGHOD7HUUH8QLYHUVLWp)HUKDW $EEDV6pWLI,LODSHUPLVGHUHJURXSHUVRL[DQWHFLQT FKHUFKHXUVGRQWGL[ YHQXVGHVL[ SD\V pWUDQJHUVDYHFGHVFRQWULEXWLRQVGHKDXWQLYHDX8QHVRUWLHGHWHUUDLQVXUGHX[VLWHVJpRORJLTXHV VLWHGH $wQ+DQHFK$wQ%RXFKHULWHWVLWHGX3ODWHDXGH$wQ(O%H\DFO{WXUpO¶pYqQHPHQW /HVQRWHVSXEOLpHVGDQVFHWRXYUDJHUHIOqWHQWXQHSDUWLHGHFHTXHIXUHQWOHVFRPPXQLFDWLRQVHWOHVGLVFXV- sions : des conférences majeures données par des spécialistes du bassin méditerranéen : Espagne, France, ,WDOLH7XQLVLH0DURFHW$OJpULH&KDTXHRUDWHXUDSUpVHQWpXQpWDWGHVFRQQDLVVDQFHVVXUOH4XDWHUQDLUHGX pays, objet de ses recherches. $LQVLFHZRUNVKRSDSHUPLV /DSXEOLFDWLRQGDQVOHSUpVHQWRXYUDJHGHPLVHVDXSRLQWVXUOHVWUDYDX[UpFHQWVSRUWDQWVXUOH4XD- ternaire des bassins méditerranéens ; /DFRQVWLWXWLRQG¶XQJURXSHTXDWHUQDLUHDIILOLpDX&6$$6*$ /¶RUJDQLVDWLRQG¶XQVpPLQDLUHGpGLpDX4XDWHUQDLUHGXEDVVLQPpGLWHUUDQpHQDpWpO¶XQHGHVUHFRP- mandations issues de cet atelier. &HWWHSUHPLqUHLQLWLDWLYHLQFLWHUDFHUWDLQHPHQWOHVDXWUHVTXDWHUQDULVWHVjUHMRLQGUHFHJURXSHHW°XYUHUGH FRQFHUWGDQVODUHODQFHO¶RULHQWDWLRQODYDOLGDWLRQHWO¶KDUPRQLVDWLRQGHVpWXGHVIXWXUHV Mémoire du Service Géologique de l’Algérie n° 22, pp. 11 - 54, 13 ¿J4 tab., 2021 /(6&$5$&7e5,67,48(6'848$7(51$,5('8 125''(/¶$/*e5,( $332576'(/$7(&72- 1,48($&7,9(*e20253+2/2*,(3$/e2172- /2*,(35e+,672,5(3$/e2&/,0$72/2*,((7 3$/e20$*1e7,60( Mustapha MEGHRAOUI1 6DLG 0$28&+(2 RÉSUMÉ /HV HQVHPEOHV JpRORJLTXHV GX 4XDWHUQDLUH UHSUpVHQWHQW XQH SDUW LPSRUWDQWH GHV WHUUDLQV JpRORJLTXHV HQ$OJpULH 2Q LGHQWLILH OHV DIIOHXUHPHQWV TXDWHUQDLUHV HVVHQWLHOOHPHQW GDQV OHV EDVVLQVVpGLPHQWDLUHVOLpVjO¶$WODVGX6DKDUDOHV+DXWV3ODWHDX[GHO¶(VWHWjO¶$WODVGX7HOO 8QHDXWUHSDUWLHLPSRUWDQWHGHVGpS{WVTXDWHUQDLUHVVRQWDX6DKDUDOLpHDX[SODWHIRUPHVHWUHJV HWGDQVOHVYDOOpHVWHOOHVTXHFHOOHVGHOD6DRXUD7RXWHIRLVHWPDOJUpGHQRPEUHXVHVpWXGHV VWUDWLJUDSKLTXHVVWUXFWXUDOHVHWWHFWRQLTXHVGHWHFWRQLTXHDFWLYHJpRWHFKQLTXHVDQWKURSROR- JLTXHVDUFKpRORJLTXHVSDOpRPDJQpWLTXHVHWSDOpRFOLPDWRORJLTXHVRQGpSORUHXQPDQTXHGH FDUWHV GpWDLOOpHV GX 4XDWHUQDLUH /HV DQFLHQV OHYpV JpRORJLTXHV pWDQW GpGLpV DX[ IRUPDWLRQV SDOpR]RwTXHVPpVR]RwTXHVHWWHUWLDLUHVSHXGHSODFHDpWpFRQVDFUpDX4XDWHUQDLUH $SUqVXQEUHIUDSSHOGHVFRQFHSWVHWWUDYDX[DQFLHQVFHWDUWLFOHSURSRVHXQHPLVHjMRXU GHV GRQQpHV UpFHQWHV VXU OH 4XDWHUQDLUH GX 1RUG GH O¶$OJpULH 'DQV OHV SULQFLSDX[ EDVVLQV QpRJqQHVO¶H[SUHVVLRQGHFHV\VWqPHWRXWHQREpLVVDQWjODSpULRGLFLWpWHUUHVWUHGHVF\FOHVJOD- FLDLUHVLQWHUJODFLDLUHV 0D0D HWDX[F\FOHVWUDQVJUHVVLIVHWUpJUHVVLIVHVWOLpHjOD G\QDPLTXHSURSUHjFKDFXQG¶HX[jOHXUkJHOHXUODWLWXGHOHXUFRQWLQHQWDOLWpRXHXVWDWLVPHHW jOHXUWHFWRQLTXH'DQVOHVEDVVLQVGX&KpOLIGHOD7DIQDHWGX+RGQDSOXVLHXUVIDFLqVDXWRFK- WRQHVVRQWGpFULWV&KpOLILHQ,&KpOLILHQ,,7DIQD,7DIQD,,+RGQDHW)RGGD/HXUVXFFHVVLRQ VWUDWLJUDSKLTXHHWOHXUVVXEGLYLVLRQVVHPEOHQWFRUUHVSRQGUHjFHOOHVDFWXHOOHPHQWDGPLVHVDX 0DURFRULHQWDO/H4XDWHUQDLUHPDULQTXDQWjOXLFRQVLGpUpSDUGHQRPEUHX[DXWHXUVFRPPH un cycle climato-sédimentaire, est ici plus amplement documenté notamment dans sa phase W\UUKpQLHQQHUpJUHVVLYHTX¶DSSXLHQWGHQRPEUHXVHVGDWDWLRQV'DQVOHVGHX[FRQWH[WHVOHVERX- OHYHUVHPHQWVVWUDWLJUDSKLTXHVHWOHVIDLOOHVG¶RUGUHWHFWRQLTXHVRQWFODLUHPHQWGpPRQWUpHV 'HQRVMRXUVGLIIpUHQWVWUDYDX[VFLHQWLILTXHVOLpVDX[HQVHPEOHVVpGLPHQWDLUHVHWYROFDQLTXHV TXDWHUQDLUHVPHWWHQWHQpYLGHQFHODULFKHVVHGHVUpVXOWDWVLQFOXDQWOHVGDWDWLRQVLVRWRSLTXHVHWSD- OpRQWRORJLTXHVXWLOLVpHVGDQVOHVGLIIpUHQWHVVSpFLDOLWpV'HSDUVDVSpFLILFLWpGHGpS{WVVXSHUIL- FLHOVOH4XDWHUQDLUHHVWLQWLPHPHQWOLpjODJpRPRUSKRORJLHHWjODWHFWRQLTXHDFWLYHRXJpRORJLH 1(FROHHW2EVHUYDWRLUHGHV6FLHQFHVGHOD7HUUH (267 ,QVWLWXW7HUUHHW(QYLURQQHPHQWGH6WUDVERXUJ805 France. E-mail : [email protected]. &HQWUHGH5HFKHUFKHHQ$VWURQRPLH$VWURSK\VLTXHHW*pRSK\VLTXH &5$$* $OJpULH (PDLO VDLGPDRXFKH#JPDLOFRP PGHUGHU#\DKRRIU /DERUDWRLUHGH*pRG\QDPLTXHGHV%DVVLQV6pGLPHQWDLUHVHWGHV2URJqQHV /*%62 )67*$78QLYHUVLWpGHV 6LHQFHVHWGHOD7HFKQRORJLH+RXDUL%RXPHGLHQH 867+% $OJpULH(PDLO \DVPLQDFKDLG#XQLYDOJHUG] [email protected]. - Manuscrit déposé le 12 avril 2021. 00ൾඁඋൺඈඎං60ൺඈඎർඁൾ<&ඁൺඩൽ6ൺඈඎൽං6%ൺൽං,ඌඌൺൺൽ0'ൾඋൽൾඋൾඍ$1ൾൽඃൺඋං GHVWUHPEOHPHQWVGHWHUUH/¶LPSRUWDQFHGX4XDWHUQDLUHUpVLGHpJDOHPHQWGDQVOHVQRPEUHXVHV LPSOLFDWLRQVVXUOHVFRQQDLVVDQFHVHQVFLHQFHVGHOD7HUUHWHOOHVTX¶HQJpRG\QDPLTXHHWQRWDP- PHQWGDQVOHGRPDLQHpFRQRPLTXHG¶H[SORLWDWLRQGHVPDWpULDX[GHFRQVWUXFWLRQ Durant le Plio-Pléistocène, les faunes présentent un cachet Est-africain avec une diversité PRLQGUHSDUHQGURLWVHWSDUPRPHQWVVDQVUpHOUHQRXYHOOHPHQWDXQLYHDXJpQpULTXHPDLVXQH GLVWULEXWLRQWD[RQRPLTXHGLIIpUHQWHHWTXHOTXHVPDUTXHXUVELRVWUDWLJUDSKLTXHVHWpFRORJLTXHV /DQRWLRQGHSURYLQFHELRJpRJUDSKLTXHSDOpDUFWLTXHGX1RUGGHO¶$IULTXHQ¶DFTXLHUWUpHOOHPHQW GHVHQVTX¶DX7\UUKpQLHQDYHFO¶DUULYpHGHTXHOTXHVWD[RQVHXUDVLDWLTXHVHWO¶DSSDULWLRQELHQ TXHUDUHG¶XQHQGpPLVPHDXQLYHDXGHODPLFURIDXQH/HVYROHWVFXOWXUHOVHWDQWKURSRELROR- JLTXHVSOXVGLIILFLOHVjFRUUpOHUDX[GRQQpHVSK\VLTXHVHQUDLVRQGHVQRPEUHX[PpFDQLVPHV TXLFRQWU{OHQWOHXUpYROXWLRQVRQWQpDQPRLQVLQWHUURJpV/DPLVHHQSHUVSHFWLYHGHVQRXYHDX[ VLWHVHWOHUHQYRLELEOLRJUDSKLTXHGHVWUDYDX[QRQSXEOLpVYLVHQWjLQIRUPHUHWpODUJLUOHVFKDPSV de la documentation. /DUHODQFHGHVpWXGHVVXUOH4XDWHUQDLUHGDQVOHFDGUHGHSURMHWVQDWLRQDX[HWLQWHUQDWLRQDX[ GX&RPLWpGH6WUDWLJUDSKLHGHO¶$OJpULH &6$ HWGHO¶$JHQFHGX6HUYLFH*pRORJLTXHGHO¶$O- JpULH $6*$ DYHFDGKpVLRQDX[DVVRFLDWLRQVLQWHUQDWLRQDOHV ,8*6,148$ VRQWXQREMHFWLI SULPRUGLDOGXJURXSHGHWUDYDLOVXUOH4XDWHUQDLUHHQ$OJpULH/RLQG¶rWUHH[KDXVWLIFHWDSSRUW VXUOHVFDUDFWpULVWLTXHVGX4XDWHUQDLUHGX1RUGGHO¶$OJpULHFRQVWLWXHXQSUHPLHUSDVYHUVO¶pOD- ERUDWLRQG¶XQHQRPHQFODWXUHGX4XDWHUQDLUHG¶$OJpULHDYHFVHVIRUPDWLRQVVHVPHPEUHVVHV VWUDWRW\SHVHWVHVFRQWHQXVSDOpRQWRORJLTXHVHWSUpKLVWRULTXHV(OOHSUpSDUHDXUpLQYHVWLVVHPHQW GHVUHFKHUFKHVVXUOH4XDWHUQDLUHHQ$OJpULHjGHVILQVG¶DSSURIRQGLVVHPHQWGHVFRQQDLVVDQFHV PDLVDXVVLVRFLRpFRQRPLTXHVHWpFRORJLTXHV Mots-clés 1RPHQFODWXUH4XDWHUQDLUH$OJpULHGX1RUG%DVVLQVVpGLPHQWDLUHV7HFWRQLTXH Datations - Mammifères - Faciès culturels - Climat - Eustatisme. 7+(&+$5$&7(5,67,&62)48$7(51$5<'(326,76,11257+(51$/*(- 5,$ &2175,%87,212)$&7,9(7(&721,&6*(20253+2/2*<3$/(21- 72/2*<35(+,6725<3$/(2&/,0$72/2*<$1'3$/(20$*1(7,60 $%675$&7 The Quaternary geological units represent an important part of the geological terrain in Algeria. Quaternary outcrops are identified mainly in sedimentary basins related to the Sahara $WODVWKH(DVWHUQ+LJK3ODWHDX[DQGWKH7HOO$WODV$QRWKHULPSRUWDQWSDUWRIWKH4XDWHUQDU\ deposits is in the Sahara related to the platforms and regs, and in the valleys such as the Saoura. +RZHYHUGHVSLWHQXPHURXVVWUDWLJUDSKLFVWUXFWXUDOWHFWRQLFDFWLYHWHFWRQLFJHRWHFKQLFDODQ- WKURSRORJLFDODUFKDHRORJLFDOSDOHRPDJQHWLFDQGSDOHRFOLPDWRORJLFDOVWXGLHVWKHUHLVDODFN of detailed Quaternary maps. As the former geological mapping and studies were dedicated to the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Tertiary formations, little attention was devoted to the Quater- nary. $IWHUDEULHIUHYLHZRIROGFRQFHSWVDQGZRUNVWKLVDUWLFOHSURSRVHVDQXSGDWHRIUHFHQWGDWD RQWKH4XDWHUQDU\RIQRUWKHUQ$OJHULD,QWKHPDLQ1HRJHQHEDVLQVWKHH[SUHVVLRQRIWKLVV\V- WHPZKLOHREH\LQJWKHWHUUHVWULDOSHULRGLFLW\RIJODFLDOLQWHUJODFLDOF\FOHV 0D0D and transgressive and regressive cycles, is related to the dynamics of each of them, to their age, ODWLWXGHFRQWLQHQWDOLW\RUHXVWDWLVPDQGWHFWRQLFV,QWKH&KHOLI7DIQDDQG+RGQDEDVLQVVHYH- /ൾඌർൺඋൺർඍඣඋංඌඍංඊඎൾඌൽඎඊඎൺඍൾඋඇൺංඋൾൽඎඇඈඋൽൽൾඅ¶$අඣඋංൾ ൺඉඉඈඋඍඌൽൾඅൺඍൾർඍඈඇංඊඎൾൺർඍංඏൾ ඣඈආඈඋඉඁඈඅඈංൾඉൺඅඣඈඇඍඈඅඈංൾඉඋඣඁංඌඍඈංඋൾඉൺඅඣඈർඅංආൺඍඈඅඈංൾൾඍඉൺඅඣඈආൺඇඣඍංඌආൾ UDODXWRFKWKRQRXVIDFLHVDUHGHVFULEHG&KHOLILDQ,&KHOLILDQ,,7DIQD,7DIQD,,+RGQDDQG Fodda. Their stratigraphic succession and subdivisions seem to correspond to those currently accepted in eastern Morocco. The marine Quaternary, considered by many authors as a clima- tic-sedimentary cycle, is more fully documented here, particularly in its Tyrrhenian regressive SKDVHZKLFKLVVXSSRUWHGE\QXPHURXVGDWHV,QERWKFRQWH[WVVWUDWLJUDSKLFXSKHDYDOVDQG tectonic faults are clearly demonstrated. 1RZDGD\VGLIIHUHQWVFLHQWLILFZRUNVUHODWHGWRWKH4XDWHUQDU\VHGLPHQWDU\DQGYROFDQLF assemblages highlight the richness of the results including isotopic and paleontological dating used in the different specialties. Because of its specificity of superficial deposits, the Quater- QDU\LVLQWLPDWHO\OLQNHGWRJHRPRUSKRORJ\DQGDFWLYHWHFWRQLFVRUHDUWKTXDNHJHRORJ\7KH LPSRUWDQFHRIWKH4XDWHUQDU\DOVROLHVLQWKHQXPHURXVLPSOLFDWLRQVRQWKHNQRZOHGJHRI(DUWK VFLHQFHVXFKDVJHRG\QDPLFVDQGQRWDEO\LQWKHHFRQRPLFILHOGRIH[SORLWDWLRQRIEXLOGLQJ materials. During the Plio-Pleistocene, the faunas present an East African cachet with a lower diver- VLW\LQSODFHVDQGDWWLPHVZLWKRXWUHDOUHQHZDODWWKHJHQHULFOHYHOEXWDGLIIHUHQWWD[RQRPLF GLVWULEXWLRQDQGVRPHELRVWUDWLJUDSKLFDQGHFRORJLFDOPDUNHUV7KHQRWLRQRIDELRJHRJUDSKLF SURYLQFHRI1RUWK$IULFDGRHVQRWUHDOO\DFTXLUHPHDQLQJXQWLOWKH7\UUKHQLDQZLWKWKHDUULYDO RIVRPH(XUDVLDQWD[DDQGWKHDSSHDUDQFHDOEHLWUDUHRIHQGHPLVPDWWKHPLFURIDXQDOOHYHO The cultural and anthropobiological aspects, which are more difficult to correlate with the phy- sical data because of the numerous mechanisms that control their evolution, are nevertheless TXHVWLRQHG7KHSHUVSHFWLYHRIQHZVLWHVDQGWKHELEOLRJUDSKLFUHIHUHQFHRIXQSXEOLVKHGZRUNV aim at informing and widening the fields of documentation. 7KHUHYLYDORIVWXGLHVRQWKH4XDWHUQDU\ZLWKLQWKHIUDPHZRUNRIQDWLRQDODQGLQWHUQDWLR- QDOSURMHFWVRIWKH&RPPLWWHHRI6WUDWLJUDSK\RI$OJHULD &6$ DQGWKH$OJHULDQ*HRORJLFDO 6XUYH\$JHQF\ $6*$ ZLWKPHPEHUVKLSLQLQWHUQDWLRQDODVVRFLDWLRQV ,8*6,148$ DUH DSULPDU\REMHFWLYHRIWKHZRUNLQJJURXSRQWKH4XDWHUQDU\LQ$OJHULD)DUIURPEHLQJH[KDXV- tive, this contribution on the characteristics of the Quaternary of northern Algeria constitutes a first step towards the elaboration of a nomenclature of the Quaternary of Algeria with its formations, its members, its stratotypes and its paleontological and prehistoric contents. It pre- pares the reinvestment of research on the Quaternary in Algeria for the purpose of deepening NQRZOHGJHEXWDOVRWRZDUGVWKHVRFLRHFRQRPLFDQGHFRORJLFDOLVVXHV .H\ZRUGV- Nomenclature - Quaternary - Northern Algeria - Sedimentary basins - Tectonics - Datations - Mammals - Cultural facies - Climate - Eustatism. ,,1752'8&7,21 QDX[GHVSULQFLSDX[EDVVLQVVpGLPHQWDLUHVWHOVTXH OH&KpOLIOD0LWLGMDHWOH+RGQD ILJ &HVGpS{WV /HV HQVHPEOHV JpRORJLTXHV GX 4XDWHUQDLUH couvrent une grande surface et sont notamment con- représentent une part importante des terrains WLQHQWDX[IDLVDQWVXLWHDXUHWUDLWGHODPHUPLRFqQH JpRORJLTXHV HQ$OJpULH 2Q LGHQWLILH OHV DIIOHXUH- et pliocène, et peuvent atteindre des épaisseurs de PHQWVTXDWHUQDLUHVHVVHQWLHOOHPHQWGDQVOHVEDVVLQV PGDQVOHEDVVLQGX&KpOLI $QGHUVRQ VpGLPHQWDLUHVOLpVjO¶$WODVGX7HOOHWDX[+DXWV3OD- 3HUURGRQ 7KRPDV 0HJKUDRXL WHDX[GHO¶(VW +RGQD &HVIRUPDWLRQVTXDWHUQDLUHV &HSHQGDQW GHV QLYHDX[ HW WHUUDVVHV TXD- GX1RUGGHO¶$OJpULHTXLVHORFDOLVHQWHVVHQWLHOOH- WHUQDLUHVPDULQVRQWpWppWXGLpVOHORQJGHODF{WH ment dans les bassins sédimentaires post-nappes en PpGLWHUUDQpHQQH *RXULQDUG 0DRXFKHet al., FRQWLQXLWpGX1pRJqQHFRQVWLWXHQWOHVGpS{WVWHUPL- '¶XQSRLQWGHYXHJpRG\QDPLTXHOHVEDVVLQV Mém. Serv. Géol. de l’Alg. n° 22, 2021 Mémoire du Service Géologique de l’Algérie n° 22, pp. 55 - 72, 8 ¿J2 tab., 2021 0,6((1e9,'(1&('¶287,/6/,7+,48(6(7'( 75$&(6'('e&283('$7e6'((7'( 0,//,216'¶$11e(6'$16/(6,7('($Í1%28- &+(5,7 6e7,)$/*e5,( (7/(856,03/,&$7,216 3285/$35(0,Ê5(2&&83$7,21+80$,1((1 $)5,48('8125' 0RKDPHG6$+1281,HW-RVHS0DUටD3$5Ê610DWKLHX'89$/1 et 4,VDEHO&È&(5(65=RKHLU+$5,&+$1(2 et 6-DQ9$1'(50$'(7$OIUHGR3e5(=*21=$/Ê=16DODK$%'(66$'2.2 et 81DGLD.$1',9$EGHONDGHU '(55$'-,2 et 100RKDPHG0(',*10.DPHO%28/$*+5$,()2 et 115D]LND&+(//,&+(+(%2 et 10 et Sileshi 6(0$:1 RÉSUMÉ /HV VLWHV SOpLVWRFqQHV LQIpULHXUV G¶$IULTXH GH O¶(VW HW FHX[ GH *RQD eWKLRSLH GDWpV GH PLOOLRQVG¶DQQpHVHQSDUWLFXOLHURQWOLYUpOHVSOXVDQFLHQVRXWLOVROGRZD\HQVHWRVVHPHQWV SRUWDQWGHVWUDFHVGHGpFRXSHLQGXLWHVSDUO¶XWLOLVDWLRQGHFHVRXWLOVWDLOOpVSDUOHVKRPLQLGpV LQGXELWDEOHPHQWUHFRQQXVjFHMRXU3DUFRPSDUDLVRQOHVDUWHIDFWVOLWKLTXHVROGRZD\HQVGDWpV G¶HQYLURQVPLOOLRQG¶DQQpHVHWUHFXHLOOLVj$wQ+DQHFK $OJpULH RQWpWpSHQGDQWORQJWHPSV FRQVLGpUpVFRPPHOHVSOXVDQFLHQVUHVWHVDUFKpRORJLTXHVG¶$IULTXHGX1RUG'DQVFHWDUWLFOH QRXVUDSSRUWRQVODGpFRXYHUWHUpFHQWHGHWUDFHVG¶DFWLYLWpKXPDLQHSOXVDQFLHQQHV,OV¶DJLWG¶RX- WLOVWDLOOpVDVVRFLpVGLUHFWHPHQWjGHVWUDFHVGHGpFRXSHTXLRQWpWpUHFXHLOOLVGDQVGHX[QLYHDX[ DUFKpRORJLTXHVGLVWLQFWV LQIpULHXU $%/ZHWVXSpULHXU $%8S GXVLWHGH$wQ%RXFKHULW VLWXpGDQVOD]RQHG¶pWXGHGH$wQ+DQHFKÀO¶DLGHG¶XQHDSSURFKHPXOWLPpWKRGHFRPELQDQWOH SDOpRPDJQpWLVPHODGDWDWLRQSDU5pVRQDQFH3DUDPDJQpWLTXHeOHFWURQLTXH 53(RX(65 HWOD ELRFKURQRORJLHGHVJUDQGVPDPPLIqUHVO¶kJHGHVQLYHDX[DUFKpRORJLTXHVGH$wQ%RXFKHULWHVW 1&HQWUR1DFLRQDOGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD(YROXFLyQ+XPDQD &(1,(+ (VSDJQH(PDLOV PRKDPHGVDKQRXQL# FHQLHKHV MRVHSSDUHV#FHQLHKHV DOIUHGRSJ#KRWPDLOFRP &HQWUH1DWLRQDOGH5HFKHUFKHV3UpKLVWRULTXHV$QWKURSRORJLTXHVHW+LVWRULTXHV &153$+ $OJpULH(PDLO KDUL- [email protected]. Stone Age Institute & Anthropology Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA. $XVWUDOLDQ5HVHDUFK&HQWUHIRU+XPDQ(YROXWLRQ*UL൶WK8QLYHUVLW\$XVWUDOLH(PDLO PGXYDO#JUL൶WKHGXDX 5,QVWLWXW&DWDOjGH3DOHRHFRORJLD+XPDQDL(YROXFLy6RFLDO ,3+(6 ¬UHDGH3UHKLVWzULD8QLYHUVLWDW5RYLUDL 9LUJLOL(VSDJQH(PDLO LFDFHUHV#LSKHVFDW Musée Public National du Bardo, Algérie. 70XVHR1DFLRQDOGH&LHQFLDV1DWXUDOHV &RQVHMR6XSHULRUGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV&LHQWt¿FDV &6,& (VSDJQH(PDLO PFQMY#PQFQFVLFHV +LVWRLUH1DWXUHOOHGHO¶+RPPH3UpKLVWRULTXH +1+3 805 0XVpXPNDWLRQDOG¶+istoire Naturelle, CNRS, 8QLYHUVLWp3HUSLJQDQ9LD'RPLWLD$OOLDQFH6RUERQQH8QLYHUVLWp)UDQFH(PDLO VDODKDEGHVVDGRN#PQKQIU 9'pSDUWHPHQWG¶$UFKpRORJLH8QLYHUVLWp/DPLQH'HEDJKLQH6pWLI$OJpULH(PDLO QDGLDNDQGL#JPDLOFRP ,QVWLWXWG¶$UFKpRORJLH8QLYHUVLWp$OJHU$OJpULH(PDLOV GHUUDGMLNDGHU#\DKRRIU PHGBPHGLJ#\DKRRIU 11'LSDUWLPHQWRGL6WXGL8PDQLVWLFL8QLYHUVLWj'HJOL6WXGLGL)HUUDUD,WDOLH(PDLO ERXODJKUDLINDPHO#\DKRRIU - Manuscrit déposé le 26 mai 2020. 06ൺඁඇඈඎඇං-03ൺඋජඌ0'ඎඏൺඅ,&ඛർൾඋൾඌ=+ൺඋංർඁൺඇൾ-ඏൺඇൽൾඋ0ൺൽൾ$3ඣඋൾඓ*ඈඇඓൺඅජඓ 6$ൻൽൾඌඌൺൽඈ1.ൺඇൽං$'ൾඋඋൺൽඃං00ൾൽං.%ඈඎඅൺඁඋൺංൾൿ5&ඁൾඅඅං&ඁൾඁൾൻൾඍ66ൾආൺඐ HVWLPpja0DSRXU$%/ZHWja 0DSRXU$%8S&HVUpVXOWDWVGpPRQWUHQWTXH$wQ %RXFKHULWSUpVHUYHOHVSOXVDQFLHQQHVWUDFHVDUFKpRORJLTXHVFRQQXHVjFHMRXUHQGHKRUVGX5LIW (VW$IULFDLQUpYpODQWDLQVLTXHOHVSUHPLHUVKRPLQLGpVKDELWDLHQWODIUDQJHPpGLWHUUDQpHQQH HQ$IULTXHGX1RUGEHDXFRXSSOXVW{WTX¶RQQHOHSHQVDLW&HVSUHXYHVSODLGHQWIRUWHPHQWHQ IDYHXUG¶XQHGLVSHUVLRQDQFLHQQHHWUDSLGHGHODPDQXIDFWXUHHWGHO¶XWLOLVDWLRQG¶RXWLOVOLWKLTXHV GHW\SHROGRZD\HQGHSXLVO¶$IULTXHGHO¶(VWRXPrPHG¶XQVFpQDULRG¶XQHSRVVLEOHRULJLQHGH FHWWHWHFKQRORJLHOLWKLTXHHQ$IULTXHGHO¶(VWHWHQ$IULTXHGX1RUG Mots-clés 3UHPLqUHRFFXSDWLRQKXPDLQHHQ$IULTXHGX1RUGArtefacts oldowayens - Traces de découpe - Aïn Boucherit - Algérie. (9,'(1&(2)6721(722/6$1'&870$5.('%21(6'$7('72$1' 0,//,216<($56$*2)520$Í1%28&+(5,7 6(7,)$/*(5,$ $1' 7+(,5 ,03/,&$7,216 21 7+( ),567 +80$1 2&&83$7,21 ,1 1257+ $)5,&$ $%675$&7 The earliest archaeological evidence for the Oldowan and associated fossil bones with HYLGHQFH RI EXWFKHU\ LV NQRZQ ZLWKLQ WKH PLOOLRQ \HDUV DJR WLPH 0D LQWHUYDO SULPDULO\IURP(DVW$IULFDLQFOXGLQJWKHVLWHVRI*RQD2PRDQG+DGDULQ(WKLRSLDDQG:HVW 7XUNDQDDQG.DQMHUDLQ.HQ\D%HFDXVHRIWKHRYHUZKHOPLQJHYLGHQFHIURPWKLVDUHDPRVW paleoanthropologists believe that early hominids dispersed into Northern Africa much later. &RQWLQXHGUHVHDUFKDW$wQ+DQHFKDQG(O.KHUEDVLWHV EDVWHUQ$OJHULD RYHUWKHSDVWWZR GHFDGHVH[SDQGHGWKHJHRJUDSKLFUDQJHDQGSXVKHGEDFNWKHHYLGHQFHIRUDQFHVWUDOKRPLQLG IDVKLRQLQJ RI VWRQH WRROV DQG FDUQLYRU\ WR a 0D VKRZLQJ WKH SRWHQWLDO RI WKLV DUHD IRU GLVFRYHU\RIHYHQROGHUDUFKDHRORJLFDORFFXUUHQFHV,QRUGHUWRH[DPLQHZKHWKHURUQRWHDUO\ KRPLQLGVLQKDELWHG1RUWK$IULFDSULRUWR0DZHUHFHQWO\H[SORUHGWKHQHDUE\GHSRVLWVDW$wQ %RXFKHULW7KHH[SORUDWLRQVUHVXOWHGLQWKHGLVFRYHU\RIVWRQHWRROVDQGDVVRFLDWHGFXWPDUNHG and hammer-stone percussed fossil bones that are older than those documented earlier at Aïn +DQHFKDQG(O.KHUED7KHDJHRIWKH$wQ%RXFKHULWDUFKDHRORJLFDOPDWHULDOVLVFRQVWUDLQHG E\PHDQVRISDOHRPDJQHWLVP(OHFWURQ6SLQ5HVRQDQFH (65 DSSOLHGWRTXDUW]JUDLQVDQG mammalian biostratigraphy. In this article, we report evidence of Oldowan stone tools and DVVRFLDWHGKRPLQLGPRGLILHGIRVVLOERQHVH[FDYDWHGIURPWZRGLVWLQFWDUFKDHRORJLFDOVWUDWD ORZHUDQGXSSHU VLWXDWHGLQDVHGLPHQWDU\RXWFURSFXWE\DGHHSUDYLQHDW$wQ%RXFKHULW GDWHGWRaDQGa 0DUHVSHFWLYHO\IRUWKHVSHFLPHQVIURPWKHORZHUVWUDWXPDQGXSSHU stratum. 7KHDUFKDRORJLFDOVWUDWDEHORQJWRWKH$wQ+DQHFK)RUPDWLRQZKLFKFRQWDLQVVL[VWUDWLJUDSKLF members, top to bottom, from P to U, consisting of a cyclothemic sedimentation of fluvio- ULYHULQHRULJLQZLWKH[SDQVHVRIVKDOORZZDWHUV7KHORZHUPRVWDUWHIDFWEHDULQJVWUDWXP $% /Z LVORFDWHGLQWKHVHTXHQFHQHDUWKHWRSRI0HPEHU3WKHORZHUSDUWRIZKLFKFRQVLVWVRIP WKLFNXQVRUWHGSHEEOHVFRQWDLQHGLQPRWWOHGSLQNVLOWDQG\HOORZUHGVHGLPHQWV7KHXSSHUSDUW LVHTXDOO\VLOW\EXWZLWKKLJKHUFOD\FRQWHQW2OGRZDQDUWHIDFWVLQDVVRFLDWLRQZLWKDVL]DEOH faunal assemblage in situVRPHZLWKHYLGHQFHRIVWRQHWRROFXWPDUNVKDYHEHHQH[FDYDWHG from AB-Lw. The materials were sealed in fine-grained sediments consisting primarily of silt, fine sand, and clay. The lithic artifacts were overall fresh but taphonomic investigations show WKDWWKHERQHVZHUHVXEMHFWHGWRVRPHDOWHUDWLRQV7KHVHFRQGDUWLIDFWEHDULQJVWUDWXP $% 8S PKLJKHULQWKHVHTXHQFHLVVHDOHGE\WKHPWKLFN0HPEHU5RYHUO\LQJGHSRVLWV AB-Up is characterized by light brown sandy silt and scattered gravels capped by pale brown VDQG\VLOWDQGOLJKWEURZQVLOW$QH[FDYDWLRQLQWKLVVWUDWXP\LHOGHGDIDXQDODVVHPEODJH 57 0ංඌൾൾඇඣඏංൽൾඇർൾൽ¶ඈඎඍංඅඌඅංඍඁංඊඎൾඌൾඍൽൾඍඋൺർൾඌൽൾൽඣർඈඎඉൾൽൺඍඣඌൽൾൾඍൽൾ ආංඅඅංඈඇඌൽ¶ൺඇඇඣൾඌൽൺඇඌඅൾඌංඍൾ ൽൾ$ඩඇ%ඈඎർඁൾඋංඍ 6ඣඍංൿ$අඣඋංൾ ൾඍඅൾඎඋඌංආඉඅංർൺඍංඈඇඌඉඈඎඋඅൺඉඋൾආංජඋൾඈർർඎඉൺඍංඈඇඁඎආൺංඇൾൾඇ$ൿඋංඊඎൾൽඎNඈඋൽ associated with Oldowan artifacts encased in a fine-grained sediment formed primarily of silty FOD\DQGILQHVDQGXQGHUODLQE\JUDYHOV7KHILQHJUDLQHGVHGLPHQWFRQWH[WWKHIUHVKTXDOLW\ of the artifacts with a large number of debitage, and the absence of preferred orientation or high dip of the remains suggest a low energy depositional environment. Microscopic observations DOVRVKRZVRPHWDSKRQRPLFDOWHUDWLRQVUHODWHGWRZDWHUDFWLYLWLHVEXWVRUWLQJRIVNHOHWDOSDUWV is entirely absent. The lithic assemblages of the Aïn Boucherit AB-Lw and the AB-Up archaeological levels DUH PDGH RI OLPHVWRQH DQG IOLQW DQG FRQVLVW RI DQG VSHFLPHQV UHVSHFWLYHO\ 7KH technological and typological features of the Aïn Boucherit stone assemblages are similar with the Oldowan from the Early Pleistocene sites in East Africa. The artifact assemblage from $%/Z LQFOXGHVFRUHV IODNHVDQGRQHUHWRXFKHGSLHFH'HVSLWHPDUNHGWHFKQRORJLFDO VLPLODULWLHVVRPHRIWKH$wQ%RXFKHULWFRUHVDUHSUHGRPLQDQWO\SRO\KHGUDOVXEVSKHULFDO7KH FRUHVDUHYDULDEO\IODNHGZLWKPRVWUHWDLQLQJUHVLGXDOFRUWLFDODUHDVUDQJLQJIURPOLJKWO\IODNHG ZLWKVFDUVWRKHDYLO\IODNHGZLWKXSWR VFDUV0RVWRIWKHIODNHVUHWDLQFRUWH[7KH UHWRXFKHGVSHFLPHQLVDGHQWLFXODWHOLNHRQDFRUWLFDOIODNHPDGHRIIOLQW,Q$%8SDEXQGDQW VWRQHDUWLIDFWVZHUHUHFRYHUHGFRPSULVLQJRIFRUHVZKROHIODNHVUHWRXFKHGIODNHV DQGIUDJPHQWV7KHFRUHVDUHSULPDULO\PDGHRIOLPHVWRQHZLWKDIHZPDGHRIIOLQW7KH cores include unifacial and bifacial choppers, polyhedrons, subspheroids and spheroids, and VSOLW FREEOHV7KH\ ZHUH YDULDEO\ IODNHG IURP OLJKW WR KHDY\ DQG RYHU KDOI VWLOO UHWDLQLQJ FRUWH[7KHUHDUHDOVRIDFHWWHGVXEVSKHURLGVEHDULQJSLWWLQJPDUNVVXJJHVWLQJSRVVLEOHSRXQGLQJ DFWLYLWLHV7KHIODNHVDUHSUHGRPLQDQWO\PDGHRIOLPHVWRQHDQGQHDUO\KDOIRIWKHVSHFLPHQV have cortical dorsal surfaces and cortical platforms. The retouched pieces, chiefly in flint, are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lthough variable in depth, with some being shallow, much of the specimens have narrow 9VKDSHGFXWPDUNVLQFURVVVHFWLRQZLWKFOHDULQWHUQDOPLFURVWULDWLRQDQGKHUW]LDQFRQHV,Q $%/Z FXWPDUNV DUH LGHQWLILHG RQ RI WKH DVVHPEODJH KDOI RI ZKLFK EHORQJ WR YHU\ VPDOORUVPDOOVL]HGDQLPDOV&XWPDUNVDUHSUHVHQWSULPDULO\RQOLPEERQHVRQULEVDQGRQ FUDQLDOUHPDLQV7KHORFDWLRQRIWKHFXWPDUNVVXJJHVWVVNLQQLQJHYLVFHUDWLRQDQGGHIOHVKLQJ DFWLYLWLHV)RXURIWKHERQHVVKRZKRPLQLGLQGXFHGSHUFXVVLRQPDUNVLQFOXGLQJSHUFXVVLRQ SLWVFRUWLFDOH[WUDFWLRQVLPSDFWQRWFKHVDQGDERQHIODNHLPSO\LQJPDUURZH[WUDFWLRQ7KH $%8SERQHDVVHPEODJH\LHOGHGFXWPDUNHGERQHVDQGKDPPHUVWRQHSHUFXVVHGERQHV For a long time, East Africa has been considered the place of origin of the earliest hominids DQGOLWKLFWHFKQRORJ\$wQ%RXFKHULWKDV\LHOGHG2OGRZDQDUFKDHRORJ\HVWLPDWHGWR0D near contemporary with the East African early Oldowan. It can be argued strongly that despite its considerable geographical distance from East Africa, the Aïn Boucherit evidence clearly DUJXHVHLWKHUIRUDUDSLGH[SDQVLRQRIVWRQHWRROPDQXIDFWXUHDQGXVHIURP(DVW$IULFDWRRWKHU parts of the continent, or for a possible origin scenario of ancestral hominids and stone tool manufacture and use in both East and North Africa. .H\ZRUGV- Earliest human occupation in North Africa - Oldowan artifatcs - CXWPDUNV$wQ Boucherit - Algeria. Mém. Serv. Géol. de l’Alg. n° 22, 2021 Mémoire du Service Géologique de l’Algérie n° pp. 9 ¿J 2021 7+( 1257+ $)5,&$1 ($5/< 3/(,672&(1( )$81$/ 6(48(1&( )520 %,2675$7,*5$3+< 72 %,2&+5212/2*< -DQYDQGHU0$'(1.DPHO%28/$*+5$,()25D]LND&+(//,&+(+(%2 et 30DWKLHX'89$/4 et 5 -RVHS0DUtD3$5ÊS5,VDEHO&È&(5(66 et 76LOHVKL6(0$:5 et 8DQG0RKDPHG6$+1281,HW $%675$&7 The EDUO\3OHLVWRFHQHIDXQDOUHFRUGLQ1RUWK$IULFDLVZHOONQRZQIURPFODVVLFORFDOLWLHV documented already in the 19thFHQWXU\DQGHDUOLHUSDUWRIWKHth century, such as Aïn Boucherit DQG$wQ+DQHFK,QWKHVHFRQGKDOIRIWKHth century, radiometric dates became available and correlations were used to estimate the ages of the earliest Pleistocene North African sites. +RZHYHULVRODWLRQDQGORQJGLVWDQFHFRUUHODWLRQVZHUHQRWIDYRXUDEOHIRUDSUHFLVHFKURQRORJ\ of the North African fossil record, leading to major discrepancies on the ages of the sites, with age estimates differing as much as one million years. Such a situation hampers research on prehistory and the correlation of observed faunal change to the published detailed climatic and environmental records. 7KH$wQ +DQHFK DQG 2XHG /DDWDFK )RUPDWLRQV FURS RXW LQ WKH VPDOO 2XHG %RXFKHULW where a series of fossiliferous and archaeological sites are situated in superposition in the OLWKRVWUDWLJUDSKLFVHTXHQFH7KHVHLQFOXGHWKHFODVVLFVLWHVRI$wQ%RXFKHULWDQG$wQ+DQHFK as well as the more recently discovered El-Kherba, a new fossiliferous level at Aïn Boucherit, as well as various minor localities. These sites are in a section or can be correlated to it, which KDVEHHQGDWHGXVLQJDFRPELQDWLRQRIPDJQHWRVWUDWLJUDSK\(OHFWURQ6SLQ5HVRQDQFH (65 DSSOLHGWRRSWLFDOO\EOHDFKHGTXDUW]JUDLQVVHGLPHQWDFFXPXODWLRQUDWHVDQGELRVWUDWLJUDSK\ 7KHROGHVWIRVVLOLIHURXVVLWHLVVLWXDWHGLQWKH*LOEHUW&KURQDQGKDVDQDJHH[FHHGLQJ0D ZKLOHWKHHVWLPDWHGDJHVRIWKHDUFKDHRORJLFDOVLWHVDUHEHWZHHQWR0D:LWKWKHVH dates, biostratigraphy of this part of the North African record turns into biochronology. The lower paleontological and archaeological level at Aïn Boucherit has an inferred age of about 0DDQGLVWKXVQRWPRUHWKDQDERXWND\RXQJHUWKDQWKHROGHVWVLWHVZLWKZLGHO\ DFFHSWHGVWRQHWRROVVXFKDV*RQD(*DQGDQG2*6DQGLQ(WKLRSLDZKLFKDUH VLWXDWHGMXVWDERYHWKH*DXVV . H \ ZR U G V Quaternary - Prehistory - Fossil mammals - Magnetostratigraphy - Lithostratigraphy- Maghreb. 10XVHR1DFLRQDOGH&LHQFLDV1DWXUDOHV&RQVHMHR6XSHULRUGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV&LHQWtIFLDV &6,& 6SDLQ(PDLO [email protected]. &HQWUH1DWLRQDOGH5HFKHUFKHV3UpKLVWRULTXHV$QWKURSRORJLTXHVHW+LVWRULTXHV &153$+ $OJHULD(PDLOV ERXODJKUDLINDPHO#\DKRRIUPRKDPHGVDKQRXQL#FHQLHKHV ,QVWLWXWG¶$UFKpRORJLH8QLYHUVLWp$OJHU$OJpULH(PDLO UD]LNDFKHOOL#JPDLOFRP $XVWUDOLDQ5HVHDUFK&HQWUHIRU+XPDQ(YROXWLRQ*ULIILWK8QLYHUVLW\$XVWUDOLD(PDLO PDWKLHXGXYDO#FHQLHKHV 5&HQWUR1DFLRQDOGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD(YROXFLyQ+XPDQD &(1,(+ 6LHUUDGH$WDSXHUFD %XUJRV Spain. E-mail : [email protected]. 8QLYHUVLWDW5RYLUDL9LUJLOL 859 7DUUDJRQD6SDLQ(PDLO LFDFHUHV#LSKHVFDW 7,3+(6,QVWLWXW&DWDOjGH3DOHRHFRORJLD+XPDQDL(YROXFLy6RFLDO7DUUDJRQD6SDLQ Stone Age Institute & Anthropology Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA. E-mail : sileshi. [email protected]. - Manuscrit déposé le 09 juin 2020. -ඏൺඇൽൾඋ0ൺൽൾ.%ඈඎඅൺඁඋൺංൾൿ5&ඁൾඅඅං&ඁൾඁൾൻ0'ඎඏൺඅ-03ൺඋජඌ,&ගർൾඋൾඌ66ൾආൺඐൺඇൽ06ൺඁඇඈඎඇං 7ඁൾ1ඈඋඍඁ$ൿඋංർൺඇ(ൺඋඅඒ3අൾංඌඍඈർൾඇൾൿൺඎඇൺඅඌൾඊඎൾඇർൾ ൿඋඈආൻංඈඌඍඋൺඍංඋൺඉඁඒඍඈൻංඈർඁඋඈඇඈඅඈඒ /$)$81('83/e,672&Ê1(,1)e5,(85(1$)5,48('8125' '(/$ %,2675$7,*5$3+,(¬/$%,2&+5212/2*,( RÉSUMÉ /¶pYROXWLRQGHVJUDQGVPDPPLIqUHVDXFRXUVGX3OpLVWRFqQHLQIpULHXUHQ$IULTXHGX1RUG HVWUHODWLYHPHQWELHQFRQQXHJUkFHjSOXVLHXUVJLVHPHQWVDUFKpRSDOpRQWRORJLTXHVDXMRXUG¶KXL FRQVLGpUpV FRPPH FODVVLTXHV GpMj FRQQXV DX ème VLqFOH HW DX GpEXW GX ème siècle. 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HW &HVVLWHVRQWpWpSRVLWLRQQpVRXSHXYHQW\rWUH FRUUpOpVDXVHLQG¶XQHVHFWLRQFRPSRVLWHTXLDpWpGDWpHjO¶DLGHG¶XQHDSSURFKHFRPELQDQWOD PDJQpWRVWUDWLJUDSKLHODPpWKRGHGH5pVRQDQFH3DUDPDJQpWLTXH(OHFWURQLTXH SOXVFRQQXHV YLDVRQDFURQ\PHHQDQJODLV(65 DSSOLTXpHVjGHVJUDLQVGHTXDUW]EODQFKLVRSWLTXHPHQW XQHpYDOXDWLRQGXWDX[G¶DFFXPXODWLRQGHVpGLPHQWVHWODELRVWUDWLJUDSKLH 3DUpVet al., Sahnouni et al., 6DKQRXQL et al.,FHYROXPH /HVLWHIRVVLOLIqUHOHSOXVDQFLHQHVWVLWXp GDQVODSpULRGHPDJQpWLTXH*LOEHUWHWDXQkJHVXSpULHXUj0DWDQGLVTXHOHVkJHVHVWLPpV GHVVLWHVDUFKpRORJLTXHVYDULHQWG¶HQYLURQj0D &HV QRXYHOOHV GDWDWLRQV RQW GH QRPEUHXVHV LPSOLFDWLRQV 7RXW G¶DERUG$wQ %RXFKHULW SRVVqGHOHVSOXVDQFLHQVRXWLOVOLWKLTXHVG¶$IULTXHGX1RUG 6DKQRXQLet al., 6LOH VLWHDYDLWXQkJHG¶HQYLURQ0DFRPPHVXJJpUpSUpFpGHPPHQWSDUFHUWDLQVOHVLWHVHUDLW environ0DSOXVMHXQHTXHOHVVLWHVOHVSOXVDQFLHQVDYHFGHVRXWLOVOLWKLTXHVODUJHPHQW DFFHSWpVWHOVTXH*RQD(*HWHW2*6HWTXLVRQWFKURQRORJLTXHPHQWVLWXpVMXVWH au-dessus de la période PDJQpWLTXH*DXVV 0D 6HPDZet al., HW &HSHQGDQW DYHFXQkJHFDOFXOpG¶HQYLURQ0D 6DKQRXQLet al., LOHQUpVXOWHXQVFpQDULRWRWDOH- 75 7ඁൾ1ඈඋඍඁ$ൿඋංർൺඇ(ൺඋඅඒ3අൾංඌඍඈർൾඇൾൿൺඎඇൺඅඌൾඊඎൾඇർൾ ൿඋඈආൻංඈඌඍඋൺඍංඋൺඉඁඒඍඈൻංඈർඁඋඈඇඈඅඈඒ ment GLIIpUHQWGDQVOHTXHOOHVLQGXVWULHVOHVSOXVDQFLHQQHVG¶$IULTXHGHO¶(VWHWG¶$IULTXHGX 1RUGVRQWWUqVSURFKHVHQkJH HQYLURQDQV HWGDQVOHVTXHOOHVODSUpVHQFHKXPDLQH HQ$IULTXHGX1RUGDFODLUHPHQWSUpFpGpFHOOHHQ(XUDVLH(QVXLWHODQRXYHOOHGDWDWLRQGH $wQ%RXFKHULWLPSOLTXHpJDOHPHQWTXHODSUHPLqUHDSSDULWLRQG¶EquusHQ$IULTXHQ¶HVWSDV EHDXFRXSSOXVWDUGLYHTXHGDQVOHUHVWHGHO¶(XUDVLHRVRQDSSDULWLRQHVWSURFKHGHODOLPLWH *DXVV0DWX\DPDj0D (LVHQPDQQHW%UXQHW /LQGVD\ et al., $OEHUGLet al., 1997; Bernor et al., EquuspWDLWSUpVHQWGDQV$wQ%RXFKHULWDXPRLQVNDDYDQWOD SUHPLqUHDSSDULWLRQODUJHPHQWDFFHSWpHHQ$IULTXHj0DGDQVOH0E*GHOD6KXQJXUD )P %HUQRUet al., UDPHQpHSOXVUpFHPPHQWj 0D 0F'RXJDOOet al., EquusHVWpJDOHPHQWSUpVHQWj$wQ-RXUGHOTXLVHORQOHQLYHDXpYROXWLIGHConnochaetes tour- noueriHVWSOXVDQFLHQTXH$wQ%RXFKHULW 9UED $KODO2XJKODPDYHFXQHDERQGDQFH G¶HipparionPDLVSDVG¶EquusHVWSUREDEOHPHQWSOXVYLHX[TXH0DVRLWG¶XQkJHSOXV DQFLHQTX¶HVWLPpSUpFpGHPPHQW*UkFHDXFDGUHFKURQRVWUDWLJUDSKLTXHGHVVLWHVGHO¶2XHG %RXFKHULWOHVkJHVGHVDXWUHVVLWHVSHXYHQWpJDOHPHQWrWUHHVWLPpVGHPDQLqUHSOXVILDEOHHW SUpFLVHGpPRQWUDQWDLQVLTXHODELRVWUDWLJUDSKLHGHFHWWHUpJLRQDXVHLQGHO¶HQUHJLVWUHPHQW nord-africain puisse se transformer en biochronologie. Mots-clés- Quaternaire - Préhistoire - Mammifères fossiles - Magnétostratigraphie- Lithostratigraphie - Maghreb. ,,1752'8&7,21 D XVHGWKLVDOUHDG\IRULQVWDQFHLQWKHFDVHRI DVLWHFDOOHG3XLWV&DURXE\:KHQQXPHULFDOGDWLQJ Some of the important Pleistocene palaeontolo- became realizable, it was possible to assign ages in gical and archaeological localities of North Africa numbers of years to fossils or strata by correlation ZHUHDOUHDG\NQRZQLQWKH th century and in the WRGDWHGURFNVZLWKVLPLODUIRVVLOV ³DEVROXWHDJH´ ILUVWKDOIRIWKHth century. This is the case in Aïn this is biochronology. Biostratigraphy was used by -RXUGHO$wQ%RXFKHULW$wQ+DQHFKDQGRWKHUORFD- Thomas, Pomel and Arambourg, who studied the lities. Though the ages of these sites relative to each North African fossil mammals. During the life of other have not been disputed, their correlation to the Arambourg, dating by geophysical methods became geological time scale and their ages in terms of years possible. Biochronology is similar to biostratigra- KDYHYDULHGJUHDWO\DPRQJWKHDXWKRUV ILJ phy but uses fossils to assign ages in years to the VWUDWD DQG WKHLU FRQWHQW LQFOXGLQJ DUFKDHRORJ\ The reasons for these often dramatic differences +RZHYHULWZDVRQO\PXFKODWHUWKDWVXFKPHWKRGV are inherent to biostratigraphy. Biostratigraphy is were applied to the North African record, especially the description, naming, classification and correla- for the Early Pleistocene part. WLRQRIURFNXQLWVRQWKHEDVLVRIWKHLUIRVVLOFRQWHQW 9LVVHU 6DOYDGRU $W\SLFDOUHVXOWLVD Initially, only few fossiliferous strata or localities VHTXHQFHRIELR]RQHVERGLHVRIURFNFKDUDFWHUL]HG were dated anywhere, but even when the dating of E\ WKHLU IRVVLO FRQWHQW :KHQ IRVVLO RFFXUUHQFHV the fossil record increased, only few North African DUH SDWFK\ WKH UHVXOW PD\ EH D VHTXHQFH RI IRVVL- localities could be correlated to fossiliferous strata OLIHURXVORFDOLWLHV DVWKHFDVHRIWKH1RUWK$IULFDQ RINQRZQDJH7KLVLVUHODWLYHWRWKHJUHDWGLVWDQFH IRVVLOPDPPDOUHFRUG JLYLQJWKHDJHVRIWKHORFD- and isolation of North Africa due to the Sahara and OLWLHVUHODWLYHWRHDFKRWKHU ³UHODWLYHDJH´ ,WLVDQ Mediterranean. If some fossiliferous localities of ROGEUDQFKRIVFLHQFHDQGH[LVWHGORQJEHIRUHLWZDV DVHTXHQFHFDQEHFRUUHODWHGWRGDWHGORFDOLWLHVRU SRVVLEOHWRGDWHURFNVE\JHRSK\VLFDOPHWKRGV)RU VWUDWD DGGLQJLQHYLWDEO\WRWKHHUURUPDUJLQRIWKH various reasons, the stratigraphy of marine strata is DJH WKHDJHVRIWKHUHPDLQLQJORFDOLWLHVKDYHWREH EHWWHUNQRZQWKDQWKDWRIWKHFRQWLQHQWDOVWUDWD$ HVWLPDWHGE\LQWHURUHYHQH[WUDSRODWLRQDQGDUHWKH- correlation to the global stratigraphic scale is pos- UHIRUHOHVVUHOLDEOH7KLVH[SODLQVWKHZLGHYDULDWLRQ VLEOH WKURXJK ³WLHSRLQWV´ ZKHUH FRQWLQHQWDO DQG of ages inferred for the North African fossil locali- PDULQHVHGLPHQWVRINQRZQDJHLQWHUILQJHU3RPHO WLHV ILJ Mém. Serv. Géol. de l’Alg. n° 22, 2021 7ඁൾ1ඈඋඍඁ$ൿඋංർൺඇ(ൺඋඅඒ3අൾංඌඍඈർൾඇൾൿൺඎඇൺඅඌൾඊඎൾඇർൾ ൿඋඈආൻංඈඌඍඋൺඍංඋൺඉඁඒඍඈൻංඈർඁඋඈඇඈඅඈඒMémoire du Service Géologique de l’Algérie n° pp. 10 ¿J 2021 1(:&+5212/2*,&$/'$7$217+(0,23/,2&(- 1( &217,1(17$/ '(326,76 2) 7+( %(1, )28'$ %$6,1 1257+($67(51 $/*(5,$ 60$// 0$0- 0$/6$1'0$*1(72675$7,*5$3+< 6DODPHW0$+%28%,1DQG0RXORXG%(1$00,2 $%675$&7 A combined magnetostratigraphic and small mammal investigation was carried out to DFTXLUHEHWWHUDJHFRQWURORQWKHVHGLPHQWDU\LQ¿OORIWKH%HQL)RXGDEDVLQLQQRUWKHDV- WHUQ$OJHULD,QWKLVZRUNZHGHVFULEHDQHZVHFWLRQORFDWHGDWPIXUWKHUQRUWKRIWKH FODVVLFVHFWLRQGHVFULEHGE\-DHJHU 7KHSUHVHQWPDJQHWRVWUDWLJUDSKLFLQYHVWLJDWLRQ provides new elements with respect to discriminate against the absolute age of three fossil VLWHV$PDPDDQG The biochronological data obtained from the rodent fauna assemblage, combined with UDGLRPHWULFGDWLQJDOORZHGXVWRFRUUHODWHWKHVHTXHQFHRIPDJQHWLFSRODULWLHVRIRXUVHFWLRQ ZLWKWKHJHRPDJQHWLFWLPHVVFDOHRI*UDGVWHLQet al 7KHSDOHRPDJQHWLFDQDO\VHV show that the main minerals carriers of the magnetization in sediments are titanomagne- tites, magnetite, and goethite. The directions of polarity sites are antipodal, and the rever- sing test is positive, indicating that the natural remanent magnetization is primary. Based on WKHVHGDWDWKHVXFFHVVLRQRIWKH0LRFHQHIRUPDWLRQSRODULWLHV VHFWLRQ H[WHQGVEHWZHHQ &%UQDQG&UU7KHVHUHVXOWVVXJJHVWWKDWWKHVHTXHQFHZRXOGEHGHSRVLWHGEHWZHHQ DQG0DZLWKDQDYHUDJHVHGLPHQWDWLRQUDWHRIFPND2XUFRUUHODWLRQSODFHVWKH 3OLRFHQHVHFWLRQ VHFWLRQ EHWZHHQ&$QQDQG&$QUVKRZLQJDVHGLPHQWDWLRQUDWH RIFPND7KLVVWXG\HYLGHQFHGDVWUDWLJUDSKLFJDSZKLFKLVPDWHULDOL]HGE\DGHSRVLWV KLDWXVZLWK0DHVWLPDWHGGXUDWLRQ .H\ZRUGV- Rodents - Biochronology - Paleomagnetic analyses - Stratigraphic gap - Beni Fouda basin. 1289(//(6'211e(6&+5212/2*,48(6'(6'e3Ð76&217,1(17$8; 0,23/,2&Ê1(6'8%$66,1'(%(1,)28'$ 125'(67'¶$/*e5,( 0,&520$00,)Ê5(6(70$*1e72675$7,*5$3+,( RÉSUMÉ Une étude combinée de magnétostratigraphie et de micromammifères a été réalisée afin G¶DIILQHUO¶kJHFKURQRORJLTXHGHVGpS{WVFRQWLQHQWDX[GXEDVVLQVpGLPHQWDLUHGH%HQL)RXGD dans le Nord-EVWGHO¶$OJpULH'DQVFHWUDYDLOQRXVGpFULYRQVXQHQRXYHOOHFRXSHOLWKRORJLTXH VLWXpH j P DX QRUG GH OD FRXSH FODVVLTXH GpFULWH SDU -DHJHU /D SUpVHQWH pWXGH 18QLYHUVLWpGH7OHPFHQ/DERUDWRLUHGH5HFKHUFKHQ7OHPFHQ$OJpULH(PDLO VDODPHWPDKERXEL#JPDLOFRP /DERUDWRLUH3DOpRQWRORJLH(YROXWLRQ3DOpRpFRV\VWqPHV3DOpRSULPDWRORJLH805&156UXH0LFKHO%UXQHW 3RLWLHUV)UDQFH - Manuscrit déposé le 26 mai 2020. S. Mൺඁൻඈඎൻංൺඇൽ0%ൾඇൺආආං PDJQpWRVWUDWLJUDSKLTXHDIRXUQLGHQRXYHDX[pOpPHQWVSHUPHWWDQWG¶DWWULEXHUXQkJHDEVROX DX[VLWHVIRVVLOLIqUHV $PDPDHW /HVGRQQpHVELRFKURQRORJLTXHVREWHQXHVjSDUWLUGHO¶DVVHPEODJHGHODIDXQHGHURQJHXUV FRPELQpHVjODGDWDWLRQUDGLRPpWULTXHQRXVRQWSHUPLVGHFRUUpOHUODVpTXHQFHGHSRODULWpV PDJQpWLTXHV GH QRWUH FRXSH DYHF O¶pFKHOOH GHV WHPSV JpRPDJQpWLTXHV GH *UDGVWHLQ et al. /HV DQDO\VHV SDOpRPDJQpWLTXHV PRQWUHQW TXH OHV SULQFLSDX[ PLQpUDX[ SRUWHXUV GH O¶DLPDQWDWLRQ GDQV OHV VpGLPHQWV VRQW OHV WLWDQRPDJQpWLWHV OD PDJQpWLWH HW OD JRHWKLWH /HV GLUHFWLRQVGHVVLWHVGHSRODULWpVRQWDQWLSRGDOHVHWOHWHVWG¶LQYHUVLRQHVWSRVLWLIFHTXLLQGLTXH TXHO¶DLPDQWDWLRQUpPDQHQWHQDWXUHOOHHVWSULPDLUH6XUODEDVHGHFHVGRQQpHVODVXFFHVVLRQ GHV SRODULWpV GH OD IRUPDWLRQ G¶kJH PLRFqQH VHFWLRQ V¶pWHQG HQWUH &%U Q HW &U U &HVUpVXOWDWVVXJJqUHQWTXHODVpTXHQFHHVWGpSRVpHHQWUHHW0DDYHFXQHYLWHVVHGH VpGLPHQWDWLRQ PR\HQQH GH FPND 1RWUH FRUUpODWLRQ SODFH OD VHFWLRQ G¶kJH SOLRFqQH VHFWLRQ HQWUH&$QQHW&$QUPRQWUDQWXQHYLWHVVHGHVpGLPHQWDWLRQGHFPND &HWWHpWXGHDPLVHQpYLGHQFHXQHODFXQHVWUDWLJUDSKLTXHTXLHVWPDWpULDOLVpHSDUXQKLDWXVGH GpS{WVGRQWODGXUpHHVWHVWLPpHGH0D Mots-clés - 5RQJHXUV%LRFKURQRORJLH$QDO\VHVSDOpRPDJQpWLTXHV/DFXQHVWUDWLJUDSKLTXH Bassin de Beni Fouda. ,,1752'8&7,21 southern part of the basin, which probably caused a SHQHSODQDWLRQRIWKH9DOOHVR7XUROLDQGHSRVLWVZKLFK In the Beni Fouda basin, the Neogene deposits indicates that the sedimentation was well developed consist of a succession of lithostratigraphic asem- in the northern part of the Beni Fouda basin. The blages that are relatively easy to follow laterally over Upper Pliocene is represented mainly by lacustrine ODUJHGLVWDQFHV *XLUDXG 7KHREVHUYDWLRQVLQ limestones interspersed with clays and marls, which the field suggest a compressive tectonic episode that occur in angular unconformity over the Upper Miocene occurred during the Late Miocene. The compressive 'UHVFK 7KHVHGLPHQWDWLRQFRQVLVWVRIPDLQO\ phase of the Burdigalian is characterized by a North- lacustrine limestones, and it is very restricted or South shortening direction. In the western part of the LQH[LVWHQWLQWKH1RUWKSDUWRIWKHEDVLQ basin, the Alboran Plate continues its western migra- tion, eventually the collision with the rifian margin of -DHJHU ZDVWKHILUVWDXWKRUZKRDWWUDFWVWKH Africa. This migration contributes to the opening of attention of paleontologists to the continental deposit WKH1RUWK$OJHULDQEDVLQ &RLIIDLW of Beni Fouda basin when studying the small mam- PDOVIDXQDRIWKUHHIRVVLOLIHURXVORFDWLRQV $PDPD During the Lower Miocene and early Middle $PDPDDQG$PDPD 7KHQIXUWKHUZRUNZDV Miocene, deep-sea invaded gulfs in the northern part FDUULHGRXWWRLQFUHDVHRXUNQRZOHGJHRIWKHURGHQWV of the Algerian ranges. In the Babor area, the first fauna on this basin, with radiometric dating, which post-marine sediments are deposited. This transgres- made it possible to establish a correlation between the VLRQZDVPDUNHGE\YROFDQLFGHSRVLWVDQGDSOXWRQLVP GLIIHUHQWFRQWLQHQWDOEDVLQVRI1RUWK$IULFD -DHJHU SKDVHWKDWHVWDEOLVKHGWKHJUDQLWLFLQWUXVLRQVLQ*UDQGH $PHXU&KHKEHXU &RLIIDLW 7KHDJH Kabylie, in the Babor, and in the Petite Kabylie. The of small mammals fauna discovered in the continental DEVROXWHDJHVEHWZHHQ0DDQG0DDUHLQGLFDWHG deposits of the Beni Fouda basin ranges from the Late by radiometric dating. Another major tectonic phase Miocene to the Upper Pliocene. The three fossiliferous DIIHFWVWKHUHJLRQDQGDFFRUGLQJWR9LOD LWLVWKH OHYHOVVXFFHHGDORQJDVHFWLRQDERXWPWKLFN phase that is responsible for the genesis of the Djemila nappe, the Sellaoua allochthonous units, the South- During our geological investigations in this area, Setifian ensemble, and the southern Nummulite units. we have chosen a new section outcropping at the level RIDWDOZHJPIXUWKHUNorth than the classic part The compressive phase of the Upper Miocene GHVFULEHGE\WKHIRUPHUDXWKRUV *XLUDXG -DHJHU caused the uplift of the entire region and especially the $PHXU&KHKEHXU 7KLVVHFWLRQSUHVHQWV Mémoire du Service Géologique de l’Algérie n° pp. 9 ¿J2 tab., 2021 6<17+Ê6( 685 /( 3/e,672&Ê1( '( /$ =21( &Ð7,Ê5('(781,6,( $PHO&+$.52811'DOLOD=$*+%,%785.,1HW0RKDPHG0RQFHI785.,1 RÉSUMÉ /HQLYHDXGHODPHUDIOXFWXpWRXWDXORQJGHVWHPSVJpRORJLTXHVHWHQSDUWLFXOLHUDXFRXUV GX4XDWHUQDLUH(Q$IULTXHGX1RUGOHVF{WHVPpGLWHUUDQpHQQHVHWDWODQWLTXHVERUGDQWOD7XQL- VLHO¶$OJpULHHWOH0DURFRQWHQUHJLVWUpXQHPXOWLWXGHGHQLYHDX[PDULQVGRQWO¶HQUHJLVWUHPHQW est observable sur les fronts des falaises ou sous forme de terrasses parallèles à la ligne de ULYDJHDFWXHOOH/HORQJGHODF{WHWXQLVLHQQHWURLVOLJQHVGHULYDJHG¶kJHSOpLVWRFqQHVXSpULHXU VRQWpWDJpHVHQWUHHWjPqWUHV/HVRXVVWDGHLVRWRSLTXHPDULQHHVWSDUWLFXOLqUHPHQW UHSUpVHQWpSDUGHVGpS{WVFDUERQDWpVjThetystrombus (Persististrombus) latus *0(/,1RPQL- présents dans la région du Sahel et au Cap Bon, plus récemment identifiés plus au Nord à Ra- IUDI %L]HUWH 8QHpWXGHGXVLWHGH5DIUDISHUPHWG¶LGHQWLILHUSRXUODSUHPLqUHIRLVXQQLYHDX tyrrhénien à Thetystrombus latus *0(/,1RUJDQLVp HQPDUFKHG¶HVFDOLHUDWWHLJQDQWO¶DOWLWXGH GHPqWUHVHWVRXOLJQDQWXQHQpRWHFWRQLTXHDFWLYHGDQVOHVHFWHXU /HVFDUDFWqUHVVpGLPHQWRORJLTXHVHWSDOpRQWRORJLTXHVIRQWDSSDUDvWUHGLIIpUHQWVW\SHVGH GpS{WVDWWULEXpVjGHVQLYHDX[VWULFWHPHQWPDULQVLQIUDOLWWRUDX[HWPDUJLQROLWWRUDX[VXLYLVSDU GHVQLYHDX[VXSUDOLWWRUDX[WHOVTXHOHVFRUGRQVOHVSDOpRGXQHVHWOHVSDOpRVROV/HVGpS{WVGX SIM 5 à Thetystrombus latusPRQWUHQWXQHVpGLPHQWDWLRQFDUERQDWpHjFDFKHWWURSLFDOPDUTXpH SDUXQHULFKHVVHSDUWLFXOLqUHHQSHOOHWVDVVRFLpVjGHVRROLWKHVDORUVTXHODF{WHRFFLGHQWDOH PRQWUHSOXW{WXQHVpGLPHQWDWLRQVLOLFRFODVWLTXH/HVV\VWqPHVGXQDLUHVDWWULEXpVDX6,0RQW enregistré localement la présence de restes de faune de vertébrés. &HVWUDYDX[QRXVRQWSHUPLVGHUHFRQVWUXLUHO¶pYROXWLRQGHVHQYLURQQHPHQWVFRQWLQHQWDX[ et marins du Quaternaire. Trois gisements représentatifs du littoral tunisien durant le Quater- QDLUHGDWDQWGX3OpLVWRFqQHVHURQWSDUWLFXOLqUHPHQWGpFULWV ODIDODLVHGH+HUJODODSpQLQVXOH GX &DS %RQ j O¶(VW HW OD IDODLVH GH 5DIUDI DX 1RUG 'HV UHFRQVWUXFWLRQV GHV DVVRFLDWLRQV SDOpRQWRORJLTXHVSDUWLFXOLqUHPHQWGHODPDODFRIDXQHjFDFKHWFKDXGYRQWSHUPHWWUHGHPLHX[ FRPSUHQGUHO¶DPSOHXUGHVFKDQJHPHQWVFOLPDWLTXHV Mots-clés - &KURQRVWUDWLJUDSKLH0DODFRORJLH([RVFRSLH3OpLVWRFqQH7XQLVLH 6<17+(6,6217+(3/(,672&(1(2)7+(&2$67$/=21(2)781,6,$ $%675$&7 Sea levels fluctuated throughout geological times, especially during the Quaternary. In North Africa, the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts bordering Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco underwent a multitude of different sea levels which can be observed along the cliff fronts or as terraces parallel to the current shoreline. 18QLYHUVLWpGH7XQLVHO0DQDU)DFXOWpGHV6FLHQFHVGH7XQLV'pSDUWHPHQWGH*pRORJLH(O0DQDU 7XQLVLH (PDLO &KDNURXQDPHO#JPDLOFRP$PHOFKDNURXQ#IVWXWPWQ - Manuscrit déposé le 22 juin 2020. $ &ඁൺඋඈඎඇ'=ൺඁൻංൻ7ඎඋංൾඍ007ඎඋං $ORQJWKH7XQLVLDQFRDVWWKUHHVKRUHOLQHVGDWLQJEDFNWRWKH0LGGOH8SSHU3OHLVWRFHQH ULVHLQWLHUVIURPWRRUPHWHUV7KHPDULQHLVRWRSLFHVXEVWDJHLVSDUWLFXODUO\UHSUHVHQWHG by carbonated deposits with Thetystrombus (Persististrombus) latus *MELIN omnipresent LQWKH6DKHOUHJLRQDQG&DS%RQPRUHUHFHQWO\LGHQWLILHGIXUWKHU1RUWKLQ5DIUDI %L]HUWH $ study of the Rafraf site reports the occurrence of a Thetystrombus latus *MELIN level in the Rafraf coastal area. The marine Upper Pleistocene deposits rich in the Senegalese fauna T. latus GUDZVFDOHVWHSVRXWFURSSLQJDWGLYHUVHDOWLWXGHVYDU\LQJEHWZHHQDQGPKLJKOLJK- ting an active neotectonics in the area. 7KHVHGLPHQWRORJLFDODQGSDOHRQWRORJLFDODQDO\VLVSURYLGHVHYLGHQFHRIYDULRXVNLQGV of deposits ranging from strictly sub-littoral and margino-littoral levels to supra-littoral le- vels such as barrier beaches, paleodunes and paleosols. The Thetystrombus latus *0(/,1 MIS 5 deposits are characterized by carbonated sedimentation of tropical type rich in pellets DQGRROLWHVZKHUHDVWKH1RUWKHUQFRDVWVKRZVVLOLFODVWLFVHGLPHQWDWLRQ7KH0,6GXQHV locally present remains of vertebrate fauna. 7KLVZRUNHQDEOHGXVWRUHFRQVWUXFWWKHHYROXWLRQRIFRQWLQHQWDODQGPDULQH4XDWHUQDU\ environments. Pleistocene deposits of the three following areas will be more particularly des- FULEHG WKH+HUJODFOLIIWKH&DS%RQSHQLQVXODLQWKH(DVWDQGWKH5DIUDIFOLIILQWKH1RUWK 5HFRQVWUXFWLQJSDOHRQWRORJLFDODVVRFLDWLRQVHVSHFLDOO\WKH:HVW$IULFDQWURSLFDOPDODFRIDXQD will provide a better understanding of the magnitude of climate changes. .H\ZRUGV- &KURQRVWUDWLJUDSK\0DODFRORJ\([RVFRS\3OHLVWRFHQH7XQLVLD , ,1752'8&7,21 HW 0DWKORXWKL HW -HGRXL Jedoui et al. &KDNURXQet al. /H*XHUQ 'DQVFHWUDYDLOGHV\QWKqVHQRXVH[SRVRQVOD &KDNURXQ &KDNURXQet al. DE progression de nos idées sur la chronologie de la Mauz et al. 0HMULet al. %NKDLUL série du Quaternaire, et précisément du Pléistocène %RXMHOEHQ %DOHVFXet al. /HEUHWRQet VXSpULHXUHWO¶LQWHUSUpWDWLRQGHVSDOpRHQYLURQQHPHQWV al. &KDNURXQet al. %RXMHOEDQHet al. HQH[SORUDQWGLIIpUHQWVVHFWHXUVHQ7XQLVLH HW&KDNURXQHW=DJKELE7XUNL /DF{WHWXQLVLHQQHV¶pWHQGVXUHQYLURQNPGH Cet article a pour but de faire le point des connais- ORQJGH1j1GHODWLWXGH(OOHFRQVWLWXHXQH VDQFHVDFTXLVHVVXUOHVGLIIpUHQWHVIRUPDWLRQVXQLWpV LQWHUIDFHHQWUHWHUUHHWPHUTXLERUGHOHSD\VVXUVHV HWWHUPHVOLWWRUDX[GX3OpLVWRFqQHDXFRXUVGHVTXLQ]H GHX[IDoDGHVVHSWHQWULRQDOHHWRULHQWDOHRIIUDQWDLQVL dernières années. En effet, les observations réalisées sur GHVVLWHVFOpVG¶LPSRUWDQFHPDMHXUHGDQVODUHFRQVWL- OHWHUUDLQHQWUHHW FRPSRUWDQWODGpFRXYHUWH WXWLRQGHODG\QDPLTXHJpRORJLTXHELRVpGLPHQWDLUH GHQRXYHDX[VLWHVRQWGRQQpOLHXjGHVLQWHUSUpWDWLRQV et environnementale intervenant au Quaternaire, aussi QRXYHOOHVTXLVRQWSDUWLHOOHPHQWUpYLVpHVLFLjOD ELHQjO¶pFKHOOHORFDOHTXHPpGLWHUUDQpHQQH OXPLqUHGHVQRXYHOOHVGRQQpHVFKURQRORJLTXHV(OOHV VHOLPLWHQWjTXHOTXHVVLWHVFOpVjO¶(VWWHOVTXHOHV '¶DLOOHXUVOHVDIIOHXUHPHQWVGX4XDWHUQDLUHPDULQ VLWHVGH+HUJOD4RUED0HQ]HO7HPLPHHWDX1RUG HWFRQWLQHQWDOORQJHDQWFHVF{WHVGHOD7XQLVLHRQW OHVLWHGH5DIUDI'HSDUVRQDEULDX[YHQWVGRPLQDQWV IDLWO¶REMHWGHQRPEUHX[WUDYDX[OHVDERUGDQWVXLYDQW 1RUG2XHVWODF{WHRULHQWDOHWXQLVLHQQHQRXVRIIUHXQH GLYHUVHVDSSURFKHV VWUDWLJUDSKLTXHFDUWRJUDSKLTXH ERQQHFRQVHUYDWLRQGHVQLYHDX[PDULQVTXDWHUQDLUHV QpRWHFWRQLTXHVpGLPHQWRORJLTXHJpRPRUSKRORJLTXH 'DQVODF{WHVHSWHQWULRQDOHSOXVH[SRVpHDX[WHPSrWHV SDOpRQWRORJLTXHFKURQRORJLTXHHWELRJpRJUDSKLTXH HWDIIHFWpHSDUXQHQpRWHFWRQLTXHDFWLYHOHVGpS{WV QRWDPPHQWFHX[G¶$XEHUW $OOHPDQG0DUWLQ PDULQVTXDWHUQDLUHVVRQWQHWWHPHQWPRLQVSUpVHUYpV &DVWDQ\ HW 3DVNRIIHW 6DQODYLOOH HW 2XHVODWL /HVREVHUYDWLRQVUpDOLVpHVVXUOHWHUUDLQHQWUH HW 2XHVODWLet al. 0DKPRXGL HW SDU3DVNRIIHW6DQODYLOOH 3DVNRIIHW6DQODYLOOH Mémoire du Service Géologique de l’Algérie n° pp. 14 ¿J 2021 &+$1*(0(176&/,0$7,48(6(72&&83$7,21 HUMAINE AU SAHARA *LQHWWH$80$66,3 RÉSUMÉ 3DUVDSRVLWLRQJpRJUDSKLTXHOH6DKDUDEpQpILFLHG¶XQHSODFHSULYLOpJLpHGDQVO¶HQUHJLVWUH- PHQWGHVFKDQJHPHQWVFOLPDWLTXHV OHVIURQWVSRODLUHHWLQWHUWURSLFDOO¶XQDXNRUGO¶DXWUHDX SXGVRQWHQHIIHWFRPPDQGpVSDUOHVFDORWWHVSRODLUHVDUFWLTXHHWDQWDUFWLTXH$X[ODWLWXGHV sahariennes, leur jeu conduit à une succession de périodes pluviales et arides. Au Quaternaire, FHMHXDHQJHQGUpFLQTFKDQJHPHQWVFOLPDWLTXHVPDMHXUVVXFFHVVLRQGHSpULRGHVJODFLDLUHVHW LQWHUJODFLDLUHVWUDGXLWHVSDUFLQTQLYHDX[FOLPDWRVpGLPHQWDLUHVHQVHPEOHGHJODFLVHWWHUUDVVHV ,OVUDSSRUWHQWXQFOLPDWG¶DERUGWURSLFDOTXLGHSXLVQHFHVVHGHVHGpJUDGHUDYHFFHSHQGDQW GHVSKDVHVGHUpPLVVLRQ8QHGpJUDGDWLRQFRQGXLVDQWDXGpVHUWDFWXHOLQWHUYLHQWYHUV %3 HOOHSDUDvWOLpHjO¶DFWLRQGHVYHQWV/HVSUHPLqUHVRFFXSDWLRQVKXPDLQHVVRQWDVVRFLpHV DX9LOODIUDQFKLHQHWGHSXLVQHPRQWUHQWDXFXQKLDWXV/HGHUQLHULQWHUJODFLDLUHO¶+RORFqQH VRXOLJQHGHVGLIIpUHQFHVGHFRPSRUWHPHQWGHV)3 )URQW3RODLUH Nord et SXGPDUTXpHVSDUXQ UHWDUGGHODPLJUDWLRQGX)3DQWDUWLTXH(OOHVHQWUDvQHQWXQHRFFXSDWLRQKXPDLQHSOXVLPSRU- WDQWHDX6XGGXUDQWO¶+RORFqQHLQIpULHXUHWVXSpULHXU/HFRPSRUWHPHQWGX%DV6DKDUDIDLW YDORLUXQ6DKDUDPRVDwTXHDYHFXQHLPSRUWDQWHRFFXSDWLRQKXPDLQHjO¶+RORFqQHPR\HQTXL SRXUUDLWrWUHOLpHjO¶DUWpVLDQLVPHHWjO¶DQWLF\FORQHOLE\HQ'HVFULVHVFOLPDWLTXHVHQWUHFRXSHQW O¶KXPLGH+RORFqQHHOOHVVRXOLJQHQWODQRWLRQGHVHXLOHWRQWHXGHVFRQVpTXHQFHVGLYHUVHV ODFKDUQLqUH3OpLVWRFqQH+RORFqQHDVXVFLWpXQIR\HUGHQpROLWKLVDWLRQDXSud et sa diffusion vers le NRUGOHVFULVHVGHHWFDO%3RQWHQJHQGUpGHVPLJUDWLRQVGRQWO¶LQFLGHQFHD pWpPDMHXUHGDQVO¶KLVWRLUHGHV+RPPHV Mots clés6DKDUD4XDWHUQDLUH3OpLVWRFqQH+RORFqQH&OLPDW*ODFLDWLRQ$ULGLILFDWLRQ 3HXSOHPHQW7LQ+DQDNDWHQ &/,0$7(&+$1*(6$1'+80$12&&83$7,21,17+(6$+$5$ $%675$&7 7KHJHRJUDSKLFDOSRVLWLRQRIWKH6DKDUD DERXWDQG1 LVDSULYLOHJHGSODFHLQWKH recording of climate change with effects of the polar front, FP, in northern part, of the inter- tropical front, FTI, in the southern part. This position results from the withdrawal of the Tethys DQGRQO\KDV0DZKHQWKH6DKDUDZDVLQKDELWHGE\©7RXPDwªSahelanthropus tchadensis, WKHROGHVWNQRZQ+RPLQLQHDQG0DODWHUE\©$EHOªAustralopithecus bahrelghazali. The FXUUHQWFOLPDWLFV\VWHPVHWXSDURXQG0DE\FUHDWLRQRIWKHWKHUPRKDOLQHFLUFXODWLRQLW is determined by the temperature which depends on the insolation and the greenhouse effect. In the Saharan latitudes, the QXDWHUQDU\V\VWHPLVDVXFFHVVLRQRIUDLQDQGGU\³SHULRGV´7KH rainy periods generate spread deposits, more or less continuous, the glacis and terraces which IRVVLOL]HLQFOLPDWRVHGLPHQWDU\OHYHOVOLQNHGWRDEDVLFOHYHOODNHRUSRQG&RQYHUVHO\WKH dry periods which correspond to the glacial periods, lower the levels by the play of the winds DQGJHQHUDWHSXQFWXDOGHSRVLWVHUJVDQGUHPEODLHPHQWVW\SH(O+DRXLWD 'LUHFWHXUGH5HFKHUFKHVKRQRUDLUH&156DQFLHQGLUHFWHXUGHO¶835©5HFKHUFKHVVXUO¶$IULTXHª&1563DULV E-mail: [email protected] - Manuscrit déposé le 04 mars 2020. *$ඎආൺඌඌංඉ *OREDOO\WKHZKROHRIWKH6DKDUDWUDQVODWHVILYH3OHLVWRFHQHFOLPDWRVHGLPHQWDU\OHYHOVZLWK DQLQFUHDVLQJO\UHGXFHGLPSRUWDQFH7KH\GRQ¶WPDWFKWKHPDULQOHYHOVEHFDXVHRIWKHVXEVL- dence of the coast. The oldest, N5, is a very old glacis, with a very slight slope finished with a ferruginous slab due to a tropical climate in the south, limestone crusts due to a Mediterranean FOLPDWHLQWKH1RUWK$KXPDQSUHVHQFHLVUHIOHFWHGLQ2OGRZD\WRROV%HORZWZROHYHOV1 DQG1DUHUHSRUWHGLQWKH0LGGOH3OHLVWRFHQH$KXPDQSUHVHQFHLVPDQLIHVWHGE\DUFKDLF ELIDFHVDWWULEXWHGWRWKHDQFLHQW$FKHXOHDQUHSRUWHGWRWKHLQWHUJODFLDO*XQ]0LQGHO7KHOHYHO 1SRRUO\GHYHORSHGFRQWDLQVDQGVXSSRUWVHYROYHG$FKHXOHDQELIDFHV7KHQH[WOHYHO1 translates incessant variations in the type of sedimentation. It is associated with the Aterian FXOWXUH7KHGURXJKWJUDGXDOO\VHWWOHVIURPNDZLWKSHDNVWKDWKDYHEHHQDVVRFLDWHGZLWK WKH+HLQULFKHYHQWV+WR+ 7KH+RORFHQHVHULHVLVXQGHUVWRRGWREHWKHPRVWVWDEOHKRWSHULRGVLQFHNDLWLVRFFX- SLHGE\HSLSDOHROLWKLFDQGQHROLWKLFFXOWXUHVDQGIURPWKHrd millennium, the use of metal. The effect of the climate is not regularly or similarly reflected on the ground. The improvement ZLOOEHHDUOLHULQWKHVRXWKHUQ6DKDUDLWLVWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKH³6DKDUDRIWKHODNHV´WKHJUHDW wet named Tchadien, and the degradation will be there later. This offset validates the glacial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in the southern and western parts, the northern part already being desert, this accentuates the PRVDLFDVSHFWRIWKH6DKDUD'HVHUWLILFDWLRQZLOOEHJHQHUDOL]HGIURPFDO%3SUREDEO\ by the effect of the winds. 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À partir des études pionnières du paléontologue italien Augusto $]]DUROLGDQVOHVDQQpHVOHVFKHUFKHXUVRQWSURSRVpVXUODEDVHGHO¶HQUHJLVWUHPHQWIRVVLOH jPDPPLIqUHVG¶,WDOLHSOXVLHXUVVFKpPDVHWXQLWpVELRFKURQRORJLTXHVGRQWFHUWDLQHVRQWpWp FRQVLGpUpVFRPPHXWLOLVDEOHVjO¶pFKHOOHHXURSpHQQH /¶REMHFWLIGHFHWWHpWXGHHVWG¶H[SRVHUO¶pWDWGHVFRQQDLVVDQFHVVXUOHVpWDJHVHWOHV*663pro- SRVpVHWRXLQVWLWXpVHQ,WDOLHGHSXLVOHGpEXWGX;;èVLqFOHHWPHWWUHjMRXUOHVSUREOqPHVTXL ,*$*&15FR'pSDUWHPHQWGHV6FLHQFHVGHOD7HUUH6DSLHQ]D8QLYHUVLWpGH5RPH3LD]]DOH$OGR0RUR 5RPD,WDOLH(PDLO PDULDULWDSDORPER#JPDLOFRP - Manuscrit déposé le 30 mai 2020. 053ൺඅඈආൻඈ LൾQඎൺඍൾඋඇൺංඋൾංඍൺඅංൾඇൽൺඇඌඎඇൾඉൾඋඌඉൾർඍංඏൾආඣൽංඍൾඋඋൺඇඣൾඇඇൾ ඣඍൺඍൽൾඅ¶ൺඋඍൾඍඉൾඋඌඉൾർඍංඏൾඌ VRQWOLpVGDQVOHFDVGHVIDXQHVGX3OpLVWRFqQHjODGpILQLWLRQGHVXQLWpVELRFKURQRORJLTXHVj PDPPLIqUHVYDODEOHVjXQHJUDQGHpFKHOOHJpRJUDSKLTXHHQH[DPLQDQWOHVGRQQpHVKLVWRULTXHV HWOHVWUDYDX[UpFHQWV Mots-clés - &KURQRVWUDWLJUDSKLH*663%LRFKURQRORJLH8QLWpVELRFKURQRORJLTXHV,WDOLH 7+(,7$/,$148$7(51$5<,1$0(',7(55$1($13(563(&7,9( 7+(67$7( 2)7+($57$1'3(563(&7,9(6 $%675$&7 7KHVPDOORFHDQLF0HGLWHUUDQHDQEDVLQZLWKDFRPSOH[JHRG\QDPLFKLVWRU\VXUURXQGHGDQG crossed by active orogenic belts, represents a natural laboratory for analysing the evolutionary geological dynamics during the Quaternary, and deciphering the marine stratigraphic data in order to define global chronostratigraphic units. In particular, a number of deepwater marine VHGLPHQWDU\VHTXHQFHVXSOLIWHGVHYHUDOWHQVRIPHWHUVWKURXJKWKHODVWWKUHHPLOOLRQ\HDUV DUHH[SRVHGRQWKH6LFLOLDQDQGSRXWKHUQ,WDO\FRDVWDODUHDV$VDFRQVHTXHQFHVLQFHWKHHQG of the 19th century, many scholars focused their research on the Italian deposits and a certain QXPEHURI©PDULQHVWDJHVªKDYHEHHQLQIRUPDOO\SURSRVHGRUUDWLILHGEDVHGRQGDWDSURYLGHG by the multidisciplinary study of several Italian stratigraphic sections. 7KHVWXG\RITXDWHUQDU\GHSRVLWVIURP,WDO\PDGHDQLPSRUWDQWFRQWULEXWLRQWRWKHGHILQLWLRQ RIWKH3OLRFHQH3OHLVWRFHQHERXQGDU\DQGWKH3OHLVWRFHQHVWDJHVDJHV7ZR*663 WKH*HODVLDQ ZKLFKPDUNVWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKH4XDWHUQDU\6\VWHP3HULRGDQGWKH&DODEULDQZKLFKIROORZV LWLQWKHORZHU3OHLVWRFHQHVXEVHULHVVXEHSRFK KDYHEHHQIRUPDOO\UDWLILHGTwo stratigraphic VHFWLRQV 0RQWDOEDQR,RQLFRDQG9DOOHGL0DQFKH ZHUHFDQGLGDWHVIRUWKH*663RIWKHVXE VHULHVRIWKH0LGGOH3OHLVWRFHQHVXEVHULHVVXEHSRFK SURSRVHGVWDJHDJH ,RQLDQ DQGDWKLUGKDG EHHQFRQVLGHUHG EXWQRWIRUPDOO\SURSRVHG IRUWKH*663RIWKH8SSHU3OHLVWRFHQHVXEVHULHV VXEHSRFK SURSRVHGVWDJHDJH 7DUHQWLDQ If on the one hand the chronostratigraphical setting of the Quaternary period could be FRQVLGHUHGQHDUO\FRPSOHWHDIWHUWKHUHFHQWVXEGLYLVLRQRIWKH+RORFHQHVHULHVHSRFKLQWRWKH *UHHQODQGLDQ1RUWKJULSSLDQDQG0HJKDOD\DQVWDJHVDJHV FRUUHVSRQGLQJ/RZHU(DUO\0LGGOH 8SSHU/DWHVXEVHULHVVXEHSRFKV DQGWKHUDWLILFDWLRQRIWKHVWDJHDJH&KLEDQLDQ 0LGGOH 3OHLVWRFHQHVXEVHULHVVXEHSRFKV RQWKHRWKHUKDQGWKHUHLVQRW\HWDVLQJOHIUDPHZRUNIRU the continental domain. This depends on the objective difficulty of proposing, on the basis of the fossil record, chronological subdivisions which have not only a local significance, and on the different methodological approach used by the authors to define the biochronological units. Once again, Italy, so young and geologically active, can be considered as particularly suitable for discussing the evolutionary dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems during the Pleistocene due to its ULFKIRVVLOFRQWLQHQWDOUHFRUG,QWKH VWKHSLRQHHULQJVWXGLHVRIWKH,WDOLDQSDODHRQWRORJLVW Augusto Azzaroli created the essential foundation for the biochronological assessment of the Late Pliocene-Pleistocene large mammalian fauna. Since then, a number of biochronological units and various biochronological schemes have been proposed, based on the fossil record of Italian mammals from Italy, by some regarded as valid on a European scale. 7KHDLPRIWKLVVWXG\LVWZRIROGHG L WRH[SRVHWKHVWDWHRINQRZOHGJHRQWKHVWDJHVDJHVDQG *663SURSRVHGDQGRUUDWLILHGLQ,WDO\VLQFHWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKH;;thFHQWXU\E\H[DPLQLQJ KLVWRULFDODQGWKHPRVWUHFHQWGDWD LL WRKLJKOLJKWWKHPDLQTXHVWLRQVUHODWHGWRWKHGHILQLWLRQ of biochronological units such as to be valable on a large geographical scale. .H\ZRUGV&KURQRVWUDWLJUDSK\*663%LRFKURQRORJ\%LRFKURQRORJLFDOXQLWV,WDO\ INSTRUCTIONS AUX AUTEURS 1- Généralités La première page devra comporter, en anglais et en Le Bulletin du Service Géologique de l’Algérie français: le titre, les noms et prénoms des auteurs est une revue scientifique dédiée au domaine des (le nom en majuscule et le prénom en minuscule Sciences de la Terre de l’Afrique du Nord, du exceptée la première lettre), les affiliations (noms bassin méditérrannéen et de la géologie africaine et adresses des institutions), les mots-clés, les en général. Cette revue paraît deux fois par an : résumés et les adresses mails. janvier et juin. La série des mémoires rassemble les notes de 4- Illustrations (figures, photos,...) séminaires scientifiques, sélectionnées, déposées et tableaux par leurs auteurs, puis acceptées après relecture. Les illustrations et tableaux doivent faire l’objet Les manuscrits originaux et les correspondances d’un appel séquentiel dans le texte écrit en abrévia- doivent être adressés à : tion et en police normale (exemple: fig. 1, tab. I). Agence du Service Géologique de l’Algérie Ainsi, ils doivent être cités dans le texte avant Division Géo-Information qu’ils soient figurés. Les titres sont placés au-des- Département Documentation sus pour un tableau (numérotés en chiffres Lot n° 5, Boulevard 11 décembre 1960, romains) et en dessous pour les illustrations Alger, Algérie (numérotés en chiffres arabes). ou soumis par voie électronique à : [email protected] La légende des illustrations et tableaux doit être en français et en anglais. La qualité des illustrations 2- Le manuscrit doit être meilleure et la résolution des photos, sous format TIFF, en taille réelle, supérieure à 300 DPI. Sont admis pour publication les articles originaux et/ou inédits s’adressant à un public international averti. Ils doivent être rédigés en français ou en 5- Références anglais et exempts de fautes formelles, de Les références bibliographiques sont réunies à la surcharges et de ratures. fin du texte par ordre alphabétique. Elles sont Les articles doivent comporter un titre, un résumé signalées par : les noms des auteurs, les initiales aussi informatif que possible, et des mots-clés en des prénoms, l’année de parution, le titre de la français et en anglais. Si la note est rédigée en publication, l’édition transcrite en italique et le français, le résumé en anglais doit être plus nombre de pages. substantiel et inversement. Toute référence citée dans le texte doit impérative- À la réception du manuscrit, le comité de rédaction ment figurer en bibliographie et l'inverse. accuse réception à l’auteur. Il vérifie ensuite la recevabilité du manuscrit: domaine scientifique Exemples : traité, originalité de la note, qualité des figures et des photos, et respect des normes de la revue. 9ංඅൺ -0. 1980. La chaîne alpine d’Algérie- nord-orientale et des confns algéro-tunisiens. Le manuscrit est soumis pour examen à deux Thèse de Doctorat d’État, Univ. Pièrre et Marie rapporteurs qui font partie du comité de lecture. Curie, Paris VI, 665 p. Les rapports de lecture anonymes seront transmis à l’auteur pour prise en charge des remarques. *ൺඌඍඈඇ%ൾඍ0ൺඋඋൾ$. 1988. Le Tell oriental Si des modifications de fonds (majeures) sont algérien de Collo à la frontière tunisienne (étude demandées, le manuscrit sera soumis pour une géomorphologique). Méditerranée, 63 (1), pp. 78- deuxième lecture. 70. 3- Saisie 6- Tirés à part Le texte est saisi en format A4, sous Word, police Vingt-cinq (25) tirés à part sont remis à l’auteur Times New Roman, taille 12, sur une colonne et interligne simple, avec une marge de 2.5 cm sur gratuitement. tous les côtés. Déjà Parus 0pWDOORJpQLHGXJLVHPHQWGHIHURROLWLTXHGH0pFKHUL$EGHOD]L] %DVVLQGH7LQGRXI6DKDUD occidental, Algérie). S. Guerrak, 1988. /H%DVVLQGH7LQ6HULULQHHWVHVPLQpUDOLVDWLRQVXUDQLIqUHV +RJJDU$OJpULH 00RNDGGHP 1990. 03- Évolution posWWULDVLTXHGHO DYDQWSD\VGHODFKDvQHDOSLQHGHO $OJpULH G DSUqVO pWXGHGX Bassin du Hodna et des régions voisines). R. Guiraud, 1990. *pRFKLPLH HW PpWDOORJpQLH GHV PLQpUDOLVDWLRQV GX 3ORPE HW =LQF GX 1RUG GH O $OJpULH % Touahri, 1992. %LEOLRJUDSKLHJpRSK\VLTXHGHO $OJpULH OLVte arrêtée à décembre 1987). K. Benallal et K. Oura- bia, 1992. 7ULDV¶ -'HUFRXUW07H¿DQLHW-09LOD HGV 3pWURORJLHHWJpRFKLPLHGHVJUDQLWHVGHW\SH7DRXULUW XQH[HPSOHGHSURYLQFHPDJPDWLTXH GHWUDQVLWLRQHQWUHOHVUpJLPHVRURJpQLTXHVHWDQDURJpQLTXHVDX3DQDIULFDLQ +RJJDU$OJpULH $$]]RXQL6HNNDO *pRG\QDPLTXHGX&UDWRQ2XHVW$IULFDLQFHQWUDOHWRULHQWDO KpULWDJHHWpYROXWLRQSRV t-panafri- FDLQV/%LWDPHW-)DEUH HGV 5HFXHLOGHYHUVLRQVDEUpJpHVGHVWKqVHVGHJpRORJLHPLQLqUHGHO $OJpULH %LEOLRJUDSKLHDQDO\WLTXHGHV6FLHQFHVGHOD7HUUHYROXPH, $%HW& 3K0RULQ 6WUDWLJUDSKLHGHO $OJpULH FRQWULEXWLRQVHWPLVHVDXSRLQW5HFHXLOGHQRWHVVHOHFWLRQQpHVDX Premier Séminaire National de Stratigraphie (Boumerdès, les 6, 7 et 8 novembre 2000). C.S.A. / S.G.A. (eds), 2002. /HVpLVPHGH=HPPRXUL %RXPHUGqV$OJpULH GXPDL 0Z FRQVtats et premiers HQVHLJQHPHQWV*URXSH*pRVFLHQWL¿TXHG eWXGHGX6pLVPH HGV 6WUDWLJUDSKLHGHO $OJpULH FRQWULEXWLRQVHWPLVHVDXSRLQW5HFHXLOGHQRWHVVHOHFWLRQQpHVDX Deuxième Séminaire National de Stratigraphie (Béni Abbès, les 7, 8 et 9 décembre 2003). C.S.A./ S.G.A. (eds), 2006. /H%DVVLQGHO 2XJDUWDDX3DOpR]RwTXH XQHPRELOLWpSHUPDQHQWH OLYUHWJXLGHGX¿HOGWULS $ 1HGMDUL5$wW2XDOL)&KLNKL$RXLPHXUHW/%LWDP *XLGHSUDWLTXHGHVVRXUFHVWKHUPDOHVGHO (Vt algérien. H. Dib, 2008. 16- Les principaux séismes du Nord-esWGHO $OJpULH$+DUELHW60DRXFKH 6WUDWLJUDSKLHGHO $OJpULH FRQWULEXWLRQVHWPLVHVDXSRLQW5HFHXLOGHQRWHVVHOHFWLRQQpHVDX Troisième Séminaire National de Stratigraphie (Laghouat, les 19, 20, 21 et 22 février 2007). C.S.A. / S.G.N. 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