Vol. 5, No. 11 November 1995 INSIDE • Science in National Parks, p. 216 • North-Central Section Meeting, GSA TODAY p. 225 A Publication of the Geological Society of America • Southeastern Section Meeting, p. 227

Evidence of Collisional Processes Associated with Ophiolite Obduction in the Eastern Mediterranean: Results from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 160 Scientific Participants of Leg 160: A. H. F. Robertson* and K.-C. Emeis (Co-Chief Scientists), C. Richter (Staff Scientist), M.-M. Blanc-Valleron, I. Bouloubassi, H.-J. Brumsack, A. Cramp, G. J. De Lange, E. Di Stefano, R. Flecker, E. Frankel, M. W. Howell, T. R. Janecek, M-J. Jurado-Rodriguez, A. E. S. Kemp, I. Koizumi, A. Kopf, C. O. Major, Y. Mart, D. F. C. Pribnow, A. Rabaute, A. P. Roberts, J. H. Rüllkotter, T. Sakamoto, S. Spezzaferri, T. S. Staerker, J. S. Stoner, B. M. Whiting, J. M. Woodside Figure 1. JOIDES Resolution at Marseilles, France, prior to departing on Leg 160.

ABSTRACT driving force was tectonic loading by longer active (e.g., the Upper Creta- sional settings on land to the east to Recent drilling in the eastern the Eurasian plate. In this area the ceous Oman ophiolite). However, the areas of incipient collision on the Mediterranean Sea south of Cyprus leading edge is represented by the Troodos is an example of an ophiolite Mediterranean Ridge in the west (Cita has revealed important insights into Troodos ophiolite. The breakup and that is undergoing active emplacement and Camerlenghi, l990). One such area fundamental tectonic processes asso- subsidence history of the Eratos- today, in an area that is easily accessi- of incipient collision includes the ciated with continental collision and thenes Seamount, as revealed by ble and geologically well known. Much Eratosthenes Seamount, south of ophiolite emplacement. A transect drilling during Leg 160, is clearly of the evidence for this emplacement is Cyprus. Previous geophysical studies of four sites was drilled across the linked with the emplacement of the recorded beneath the sea to the south (Woodside, l977, l991; Krasheninnikov Africa-Eurasia plate boundary. The Troodos ophiolite. This underwent of Cyprus, along the boundary between et al., l994) suggest that the Eratos- results show that the African plate, strong surface uplift during active the African and Eurasian plates. This thenes Seamount is a fragment of con- represented by the Eratosthenes tectonic emplacement, associated area was a target of drilling during Leg tinental (or transitional-type) crust that Seamount, underwent rapid with collision of the seamount with 160 in March and April l995 (Figs. 1 is undergoing subsidence and breakup subsidence and related faulting the Cyprus margin. and 2). in a zone of incipient collision between in Pliocene-Pleistocene time. The The eastern Mediterranean Sea the African and Eurasian plates (Robert- INTRODUCTION (Fig. 3) is a remnant of the Mesozoic son, l990; Kempler, l993; Limonov et Tethys ocean (Dercourt et al., l993). al., l994; Robertson et al., l994, l995). *Corresponding author—Alastair Robertson, Many ophiolites were emplaced Different areas record various stages of Department of Geology and Geophysics, Uni- long ago by processes that are no versity of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JW, UK. Tethys closure, ranging from fully colli- Obduction continued on p. 219

ABCD E

Figure 2. Core photographs illustrating stages in the tectonic-sedimentary evolution of the Eratosthenes Seamount and the adjacent Cyprus margin. A: Oncolites (algal balls) that accumulated on a shallow-water carbonate platform in Miocene time (Site 966, Core 17R, Section 1, 45–65 cm). B: Limestone (Miocene?) composed of various types of clasts, reflecting current reworking in a shal- low-water shelf setting (Site 966, Core 13R, Section 1, 1–21 cm). C: Debris flow composed of clasts of altered shallow-water limestone in a matrix of muddy nannofossil ooze of early Pliocene age (Site 966, Core 8H, Section 1, 1-23 cm). D: Clast-rich nannofossil ooze of Pliocene age showing slumping and color banding. The slumping is related to collapse of the Eratosthenes Seamount (Site 965, Core 3H, Section 3, 35–58 cm). E: Calcareous silty mud with detrital gypsum of Messinian(?) age, possibly deposited in a saline lake located at the foot of the Cyprus slope (Site 968, Core 25X, Section 2, 108–132 cm). A Year-End Message from the President Council, and others will explore the IN THIS ISSUE issues of whether and how a broader Evidence of Collisional Processes percentage of membership (sharehold- Associated with Ophiolite Obduc- Investments Come in More Forms ers) can become more active in GSA via tion in the Eastern Mediterranean: some form of empowerment action. Results from Ocean Drilling than Merely Stocks and Bonds Program Leg 160 ...... 213 Annual Report Message from the President ...... 214 David A. Stephenson This past year did not start out to In Memoriam ...... 214 look very promising for the geosciences Memorial Preprints ...... 214 community. The very existence of sev- eral venerated institutions—in particu- GSA on the Web ...... 214 For all of you who dabble, or time allocated to GSA activities. The lar, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Washington Report ...... 215 dream of dabbling, in the stock mar- actual funds that GSA generates are U.S. Bureau of Mines—was threatened. ket, to know the cost and the value of broken down as shown on p. 215. Research and Public Education GSA representatives took the position your investment is paramount. By The true value of your invested in the National Park System ...... 216 that the majority of its membership your membership in this Society, you time and money in GSA has far-reach- 1996 Annual Meeting—Denver ...... 222 would support activity to preserve the have become a “shareholder”—with a ing effects both for you professionally USGS and USBM. Thus, GSA joined GSAF Update ...... 224 vested interest in the success and divi- and for the geoscience community as with others in the American Geological North-Central Section Meeting dends of GSA. As in any corporation, a whole. GSA’s existence has been cen- Institute to talk to U.S. representatives Preliminary Announcement ...... 225 you, the shareholder, are asked annu- tered on publications and the opportu- and senators, and their staffs, in an Southeastern Section Meeting ally to elect the board of directors— nity for its membership to enter scien- effort to avert abolishment. Our goal Final Announcement ...... 227 who in turn are responsible to the tific discussions. Can GSA be more, do was to encourage maintenance of shareholders. (The function of the GSA more, for its membership? For exam- Geologic Division Reduction in Force ..... 229 strong agency programs while conced- Executive Committee and Council is ple, can GSA become a unified voice Book Reviews ...... 230 ing that some changes could and similar to that of a board of directors, on resource-related issues affecting the Calendar ...... 232 should be made. Within reason, that and GSA’s president and executive general public? What GSA is or could goal was attained. A continuing goal Rock Stars—T. Wayland Vaughan ...... 233 director function collectively very be—what its value could be—for its will be to reduce the gap between what GSA Annual Meetings ...... 234 much like a CEO/corporate president.) membership must continuously evolve. is known by geoscientists and what is Therefore, as shareholders of this cor- GSA’s leadership—and, most impor- Classifieds ...... 234 used by governments and by individu- poration, you rightfully would expect tantly, its membership—are urged to 1996 GeoVentures ...... 236 als. (1) some return (the value) on your identify new directions and participate Other 1995 milestones for GSA investment (the cost) of time and in realizing the integration of these have included: November money, and (2) some communication ideas. GSA TODAY • Newly appointed Executive Director Vol. 5, No. 11 1995 of how the firm has performed. In attempting to zero in on ways Donald M. Davidson, Jr. became to increase the true worth and effec- immersed in developing and manag- GSA TODAY (ISSN 1052-5173) is published monthly Cost and Value tiveness of this organization, GSA’s ing headquarters staff and functions; by The Geological Society of America, Inc., with offices at long-range planning group will be 3300 Penrose Place, Boulder, Colorado. Mailing address: Costs associated with membership • The GSA annual budget was brought reviewing the Society’s operations; in P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, U.S.A. Second- in GSA include dues (required), publi- within Council-directed guidelines class postage paid at Boulder, Colorado, and at additional particular, should and could more mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to GSA cations, registration for section and all- for expenditures, following several members participate in the governance Today, Membership Services, P.O. 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STAFF: Prepared from contributions from the GSA staff J. C. Harksen Martin L. Stout and membership. Porter A. Montgomery Laurie J. Bryant Dorothy L. Stout Executive Director: Donald M. Davidson, Jr. Science Editor: Eldridge M. Moores San Antonio, Texas Department of Geology, University of California, July 8, 1995 Donald William Levandowski Ada Swineford Davis, CA 95616 Forum Editor: Bruce F. Molnia Wilton N. Melhorn James R. Underwood, Jr., U.S. Geological Survey, MS 917, National Center, John Mason Parker III Page C. Twiss, Grace E. Muilenberg, Reston, VA 22092 Raleigh, North Carolina Managing Editor: Faith Rogers Arthur A. Meyerhoff Paul C. Franks Production & Marketing Manager: James R. Clark April 25, 1995 Arthur J. Boucot Production Editor and Coordinator: Joan E. Manly Graphics Production: Joan E. Manly, Adam S. McNally ADVERTISING Classifieds and display: contact Ann Crawford (303) 447-2020; fax 303-447-1133 Issues of this publication are available electronically, in full color, from GSA as “Portable Document Format” (PDF) files. GSA ON THE WEB These can be viewed and printed on personal computers using MSDOS or MSWindows, on Macintoshes, or on Unix machines. You must use the appropriate Adobe Acrobat What’s new on the GSA home page on the World Wide Web? If you haven’t yet connected to the Web, the Reader, available for free download from GSA and other Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is http://www.aescon.com/geosociety/index.html. online services. The more powerful Adobe Exchange pro- gram, availalble from commercial software suppliers, may also be used. Download the issues of GSA Today and/or the appropriate Readers using the Uniform Resource Locator If you want to know more about the GSA Employment The Publications section has a monthly table of (URL): http://www.aescon.com/geosociety/index.html. Service or about becoming a GSA Campus Representative, contents and abstracts of articles for the GSA Bulletin and Issues of GSA Today are posted about the first of the month of publication. check the Membership section, which also has information Geology. Also in this section is a guide for authors preparing This publication is included on GSA’s annual CD-ROM GSA on nominating a member to fellowship and on obtaining forms manuscripts for submission to GSA publications. GSA Today Journals on Compact Disc, and also is available in an annual, for applying to become a GSA Member or Student Associate. issues are posted here for downloading and viewing. hardbound, archival edition. Call GSA Publication Sales for details. See the Geoscience Calendar section for a listing of For Congressional Contact Information, see the ■ Printed with pure soy inks on recyclable paper in the U.S.A. meetings of general geological interest. Administration section.

214 GSA TODAY, November 1995 President’s Message continued from p. 214 WASHINGTON REPORT

Bruce F. Molnia Percent of GSA Operation Income Washington Report provides the GSA membership with a window on the activities Membership Dues ...... 14.1 of the federal agencies, Congress and the legislative process, and international Annual Meeting Income ...... 28.2 interactions that could impact the geoscience community. In future issues, Washington Report will present summaries of agency and interagency programs, Publications—Members...... 21.4 track legislation, and present insights into Washington, D.C., geopolitics as they Publications—Nonmembers ...... 14.7 pertain to the geosciences. Other Sales ...... 21.1 Miscellaneous Income ...... 0.5 100% OTA — Gone Tomorrow Total Income Percentages (average): Operation Income ...... 75% "The basic function of the Office shall be to provide early indica- GSA Foundation and Endowment...... 25% tions of the probable beneficial and adverse impacts of the applications of technology and to develop and coordinate information which may assist the Congress." His charge is to oversee a growing present sense) was a label on a pack- — Public Law 92-484, which established the Office of Technology Assessment program left in excellent condition age of papers in the will of Ulisse by Fred Donath; Aldrovandus, a naturalist and chair • The SAGE and other educational of natural history at the University of programs continued to thrive under Bologna. The phrase “Geologia the able leadership of Ed Geary; Ovvero de Fossilibus” was used in his On October 1, 1995, the U.S. according to OTA's implementation • Publications and their editors will dated 1605. The term “fossil” Congress Office of Technology Assess- legislation, an OTA assessment would: were highly visible for continued included metals, earth, and stones. ment (OTA) became the first federal identify existing or probable impacts of excellence in performance; (F. D. Adams, 1938, The Birth and agency to be eliminated in response technology or technological programs; • Membership has continued to Development of the Geological Sciences, to Congress's ongoing effort to reduce ascertain cause-and-effect relationships; be fairly steady, with purposeful Dover Press, p. 165–166.) government and to balance the budget. identify alternative technological increases in the number of Fellows; • There have been 107 GSA presidents. Earlier this year, the abolishment of methods of implementing specific and One (Gilbert) served twice. The old- OTA was identified in the appendix programs; identify alternative programs • Graduate students exercised newly est was the first president, James Hall that accompanied the Contract with for achieving requisite goals; make esti- acquired voting rights for the first (78). The youngest was the eighty- America (see April 1995 Washington mates and comparisons of the impacts time in GSA history. sixth president, Clarence Allen (49). Report) as one of more than 70 cost- of alternative methods and programs; The average age of all 107 GSA presi- cutting mechanisms that collectively present findings of completed analyses Little Known Facts dents has been 61.5 years. could save the nation tens of billions to the appropriate legislative authori- (Geo-Trivia) • There have been 14 executive of dollars. OTA's FY 1995 budget was ties; identify areas where additional directors of GSA. The first was all of $22 million. A skeleton crew of research or data collection is required • The first use of a word similar to John Stevenson (who was also the fewer than 20 will stay on through to provide adequate support for the “geology” was in 1473, in The Love tenth GSA president). The youngest early next year to complete several assessments and estimates described; of Books by Richard deBury, Bishop was Fairchild (41); the oldest were dozen assessments, close up the offices, and undertake such additional associ- of Durham. The word “geologia” was Eckel and Frye (62). The average age and turn off the lights. ated activities as the appropriate used by deBury in an entirely differ- has been 51.8 years. OTA was established by Congress authorities may direct. ent sense than for the study of the • Four GSA presidents have died in in 1972, during the Nixon Administra- OTA's analyses were prepared in a earth. He used the term to designate office: Winchell (1891), Berry (1945), tion. OTA's job was to provide style and at a technology level where the study of law, the earthly science, Stock (1950), and Curtis (1991). congressional committees with objec- they were of value to members of as opposed to “theologia,” the study This president made it through tive analyses and assessments of the Congress, the scientific and technical of spiritual sciences. The apparent alive and wiser … and very glad to have emerging difficult and often highly first use of a “geologic” word (in its had this opportunity. ■ technical issues of our time. Typically, OTA continued on p. 218

CALL FOR NOMINATIONS REMINDERS

DISTINGUISHED SERVICE AWARD Materials and supporting information for any of the following nominations may be sent to The GSA Distinguished Service Award was established by Council in 1988 GSA Executive Director, Geological Society of America, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301. to recognize individuals for their exceptional service to the Society. GSA Mem- For more detailed information about the nomination procedures, refer to the October 1995 issue of GSA Today, or call headquarters at (303) 447-2020, extension 136. bers, Fellows, Associates, or, in exceptional circumstances, GSA employees may be nominated for consideration. Any GSA member or employee may make a nomination for the award. Awardees will be selected by the Executive Commit- PENROSE AND DAY M EDALS, AND HONORARY FELLOWSHIP tee, and all selections must be ratified by the Council. Awards may be made Nominations for 1996 Penrose and Day Medals and for Honorary annually, or less frequently, at the discretion of Council. This award will be pre- Fellowship in the Society are due by FEBRUARY 1, 1996. sented during the annual meeting of the Society. Deadline for nominations for 1996 is MARCH 1, 1996. YOUNG SCIENTIST AWARD (DONATH MEDAL) The Young Scientist Award was established in 1988 to be awarded to a JOHN C. FRYE ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY AWARD young scientist (35 or younger during the year in which the award is to be pre- In cooperation with the Association of American State Geologists (AASG), sented) for outstanding achievement in contributing to geologic knowledge GSA makes an annual award for the best paper on environmental geology pub- through original research that marks a major advance in the earth sciences. The lished either by GSA or by one of the state geological surveys. The award is a award, consisting of a gold medal called the Donath Medal and a cash prize of $1000 cash prize from the endowment income of the GSA Foundation’s John C. $15,000, was endowed by Dr. and Mrs. Fred A. Donath. Frye Memorial Fund. The 1996 award will be presented at the autumn AASG For the year 1996, only those candidates born on or after January 1, 1961, meeting to be held during the GSA Annual Meeting in Denver. are eligible for consideration. In choosing candidates for the Young Scientist Nominations can be made by anyone, based on the following criteria: Award, scientific achievement and age will be the sole criteria. Nominations for (1) paper must be selected from GSA or state geological survey publications, the 1996 award must include (2) paper must be selected from those published during the preceding three full • biographical information, calendar years, (3) nomination must include a paragraph stating the pertinence • a summary of the candidate’s scientific contributions to geology (200 words of the paper. or less), Nominated papers must establish an environmental problem or need, pro- • a selected bibliography (no more than 10 titles), vide substantive information on the basic geology or geologic process pertinent • supporting letters from five scientists in addition to the person making the to the problem, relate the geology to the problem or need, suggest solutions or nomination. provide appropriate land use recommendations based on the geology, present Deadline for nominations for 1996 is FEBRUARY 1, 1996. the information in a manner that is understandable and directly usable by geol- ogists, and address the environmental need or resolve the problem. It is pre- OFFICERS AND COUNCILORS ferred that the paper be directly applicable by informed laypersons (e.g., The GSA Committee on Nominations requests your help in compiling a list planners, engineers). Deadline for nominations for 1996 is APRIL 1, 1996. of GSA members qualified for service as officers and councilors of the Society. The committee requests that each nomination be accompanied by basic data NATIONAL AWARDS and a description of the qualifications of the individual for the position recom- The deadline is April 30, 1996, for submitting nominations for these four mended (vice-president, treasurer, councilor). awards: William T. Pecora Award, National Medal of Science, Vannevar Bush Deadline for nominations for 1997 is FEBRUARY 15, 1996. Award, Alan T. Waterman Award.

GSA TODAY, November 1995 215 Enhanced Earth Science Research and Public Education in the U.S. National Park System

Paul K. Doss, Department of Geology, Colby College, Waterville, ME 04901 Heidi J. Doss, Acadia National Park, Bar Harbor, ME 04906

ABSTRACT National parks, most of them hav- that scientists must proactively dissem- ing unique geologic features, are sites inate their research-generated knowl- More of the knowledge gained for much “cutting-edge,” fundamental, edge, particularly research conducted from geological research conducted and applied geological research, much with public funding or conducted on in national parks or other federal of it conducted by research scientists public lands. The fact that the U.S. lands should be ultimately trans- who are not park employees (for exam- Geological Survey was recently targeted ferred to the public. The most ple, tectonics in Glacier National for abolishment as part of spending obvious pathway for such transfer Park—Yin and Kelty, 1991; the role of cuts in the “Contract with America” is existing channels at individual fractures in arch development in underscores the negative (or perhaps parks. Typically, the passing of Arches National Park—Cruikshank and absent) public perception of geological knowledge from an interpreter (natu- Aydin, 1994; climate change in research. Even though the U.S. Geolog- ralist) to the public occurs through Yellowstone National Park—Whitlock ical Survey appears safe at the moment public education programs. However, and Burtlein, 1993; the role of petrol- from dismantling, the fundamental comparable established methods for ogy on slope stability in Hawaii Volca- role of continued federal funding for the transfer of new scientific conclu- noes National Park— Clague and Den- basic and applied research is under sions from a scientific researcher to linger, 1994; carbonate beach intense scrutiny. the interpreter do not exist. Increas- development at Acadia National Park— For those of us who conduct ing the transfer of results from geo- Barnhardt and Kelley, 1995). Not all research on public lands, there is a logical research in national parks geological research is applicable to pub- perfect opportunity to disseminate and other federal lands directly to lic education efforts, but most new research results and participate in interpreters by researcher-initiated research improves the understanding education efforts; the potential benefits training programs would increase of issues that are pertinent to natural of scientist participation in public dissemination of new information history, landform interpretation, education are extensive. An environmental education program devel- and benefit the public, the inter- ecosystem function and integrity, eco- oped for schoolchildren visiting Acadia preters, and scientists. Researchers nomic geology, or natural hazard inter- Natural Resource National Park. would transfer new knowledge to pretation and prediction. Because Management and Research the interpreters, who in turn would these topics often form the significant in National Parks design new programs or incorporate aspects of environmental education in At least three distinct divisions new information into existing pro- national parks, current research results, within the National Park Service deal grams for the benefit of the public. and their implications, should be a sig- Yellowstone Institute) are in place in directly with research and education Researchers could also facilitate edu- nificant component of the public edu- other national parks. Led cooperatively issues about natural resources in cation in parks by conducting public cation programs that operate within by various scientists and interpreters, national parks, including Resource programs as guest naturalists. Park the national park system. Resource Acadia programs are generally Management, Interpretation, and staff and the public are usually en- The call for geoscientists to partici- directed toward the local public (as Research (many research-grade posi- thusiastic about interacting directly pate in public affairs has become more opposed to the visiting public) as well tions within the National Park Service with scientists. Clearly, academic frequent, stronger, and clearly more as park staff. These educational pro- were recently incorporated into the geoscientists have the opportunity, necessary (e.g., Stephenson and Zen, grams are enormously successful at new National Biological Survey). The and perhaps an obligation, to expose 1995; Schneiderman, 1995). In addi- Acadia and other national parks. level of communication among these the public and park educators to the tion, the ability simply to conduct At least one park has also high- three divisions varies significantly results of their research on public scientific research on some public lands lighted natural science and cultural both within parks and among different land. National parks are an impor- is under scrutiny by strict interpreta- research in a publication that is avail- parks. Communication between tant resource for many academic tions of the Wilderness Act. One able to the public. Yellowstone Science, Research and Resource Management is researchers. Geoscientists would particular case involves the rejection a quarterly publication by the Yellow- often productive. In fact, an internal, benefit by participating in education of the Katmai Scientific Drilling stone Center for Resources, Wyoming, national publication of the National efforts, perhaps primarily by increas- Project in Katmai National Park, includes brief reports and essays by Park Service, Park Science: Integrating ing public exposure and an improved Alaska (Eichelberger and Sattler, 1994). park and nonpark scientists. Articles Research and Resource Management, is, understanding of our contributions In another example, the “Vessel Man- focus on formal research that is con- as the title indicates, dedicated to the to society. agement Plan and Environmental ducted within the Yellowstone area. relationship between those two divi- Assessment” developed for Glacier sions. This important linkage must INTRODUCTION Bay National Park, Alaska, may exclude Natural Resource Education remain productive; however, inclusion research vessels from part of Glacier and Interpretation in National parks and other public of the Interpretive Division as an inte- Bay (R. D. Powell, 1995, personal National Parks lands, including national forests, gral link in the relationship seems commun.). The vessel exclusion would wilderness areas, and state and munici- equally important, albeit for different Environmental and natural effectively remove Muir Glacier from pal parks, constitute a significant goals. For instance, acknowledging that resource education directed toward any scientific investigations, an appar- resource for earth scientists. Many of interpreters and environmental educa- the public in national parks occurs in ent direct contradiction of the founda- the geologists who conduct research on tors are valuable players in natural different modes. Education programs tion for the original Glacier Bay these lands are not directly employed resource management, Wells (1995) may be nonpersonal—the learning pro- National Monument: to promote scien- by the resident land-management staff. noted that “... there are tremendous cess is controlled and motivated by the tific study and protection of the The presence of these scientists, includ- opportunities for research and interpre- visitor. Nonpersonal services are aided dynamic glacial environment. ing academic researchers and employ- tation to partner in closing the gap only by pamphlets, nature trail displays The current climate of a negative ees of other agencies, on public lands between science and public under- and guides, wayside exhibits, and static public perception and lack of awareness provides a valuable opportunity, and standing of natural resource issues.” displays in nature centers and visitor of scientific research, the tenuous sta- perhaps an obligation, for enhanced Excellent examples of interaction centers. The more personal or active tus of research funding, and many education and interaction with the of external researchers with interpreters education modes in parks include environmental, natural hazard, and public. and the public in national parks do narrated slide shows, campfire and resource-related problems make it clear exist. Acadia National Park in Maine amphitheater programs, ranger-led has two programs that provide scien- hikes, and field-based interpretive tific training for staff interpreters and, programs. Also, topical environmental in one case, the interested public. education programs are developed The training program “Interpwoods” specifically for off-site presentations, for brings together internal and external schoolchildren or special groups. Both researchers to provide half-day and full- education modes provide the opportu- day workshops on selected scientific Heidi Doss nity for researcher involvement. leading a issues within the park. This program, Winter (1993) presented a series of field-based, also in place in other national parks recommendations for establishing and interpretive (e.g., Everglades National Park, Florida; maintaining a communications link program for Cape Cod National Seashore, Mas- between researchers and educators in Acadia National sachusetts) functions as a form of train- national parks. These recommenda- Park visitors. ing for park interpretive staff. Acadia tions include research liaisons staffed has also received federal and private by the interpretive division, and funding to support the Resource Acadia requirements that science division program, a series of educational semi- employees provide research informa- nars on scientific and resource issues tion to the interpretive staff and that a of current significance within the park. Similar programs (Yosemite Institute, NPS continued on p. 217

216 GSA TODAY, November 1995 NPS continued from p. 216 In addition to participation in the research that is not “applied” or com- Potential Problems research project, the rangers were also pletely understood by the lay public. Given the realities of field research formal and sustained line of communi- given training on the overall aspects and park management, the ideal rela- cation be established between the of the research. In that context, the Benefits to the Researcher tionship between scientific research regional chiefs of interpretation educators were enlightened on aspects Some of the many and varied ben- and public education will not always be and science. Although these recom- of hydrogeologic research. When edu- efits to the researcher from educational easily obtained. Geological field work is mendations could likely be instituted cators are involved in the salient involvement result directly from the time-consuming, and finding the time with little difficulty, at least three aspects of ongoing research, a very real positive impacts on the educator and to develop and lead public programs problem areas are evident. First, the result may be ranger-initiated enhance- the public. As at least a secondary pri- or ranger training sessions may be diffi- recommendations were not widely ments of existing educational pro- ority after pure scientific inquiry, cult. In addition, with tight research disseminated. Second, the likelihood grams. For example, in some cases researchers want their work to be budgets and limited time and funds of additional funding for a research Indiana Dunes rangers were observed known. Park education programs are a available to park personnel, implemen- liaison within the interpretive division using the boardwalk-mounted staff perfect opportunity to get that research tation of programs and material devel- is low. Third, there is no mention of gage during the course of their school out and disseminate results. Another opment can be problematic. direct involvement of nonpark scien- group and public programs to discuss important benefit of research exposure Not all current research is well tists in the process. Some mechanism water-level fluctuations in wetland is researcher exposure. It is clearly a suited to inclusion in public education to incorporate academic scientists into ecosystems. mutual benefit when scientists and the programs, and care must be taken in the educational process on public lands Finally, an active relationship public are able to interact in a setting educating the public about research would provide benefits to the scientific between scientists and park interpreters that is comfortable to both parties. A that may not be easily perceived as community, the public, and park leads to a better understanding of the national park where the public visits important and necessary. The scientific personnel. role each plays. With understanding and the geologist conducts research is community appreciates the need for all comes mutual respect and appreciation just that setting. types of research, both pure and INVOLVEMENT AND for the importance of scientific research Research that is dependent on fed- applied. The general public may not be PARTICIPATION OF and public education about that eral funding for completion would be as receptive to that concept. Similarly, EXTERNAL RESEARCHERS research. well served by the unbiased voice of not all researchers are adept at commu- Although a few excellent programs Benefits to the Public the nonscientific public advocating nicating their scientific investigations have been organized in some parks for congressional support in budget devel- to a nonscientific audience. This differ- transfer of information to rangers and Involvement of external the public by researchers, there is no researchers in education efforts in established protocol or obligation for national parks would provide signifi- involvement, specifically of external cant benefits to the public, with imme- researchers, in knowledge transfer diate positive effects on the scientific within the system of national parks community. If geologists were involved and other federal lands. Although geol- in public and educational programs in ogists and other scientists who apply national parks, the park visitor would for and receive a National Park Collec- gain an increased awareness and tor’s Permit are requested to submit a knowledge of current geoscience, natu- brief “Annual Investigator’s Report” ral resource, resource management, and to the Resource Management staff, environmental issues. In general, the the content of those summaries is not public perception of scientific research particularly well suited, nor are they in the United States is less than ideal. If readily available, for use by the educa- the general public were given the tional staff. opportunity, in a comfortable and Not all scientists are able to relaxed setting, to “see” the application develop educational programs, based of “real” science and, perhaps, their on their research, that would be appli- first opportunity to interact with a A training session for park rangers, focusing on beach geomorphology and coastal wetland cable to public education. However, we research scientist, the response would development. (Photo by Kathie M. Petrie.) strongly believe that earth scientists likely be positive; our experience is that should consider public exposure to sci- the interaction is productive. entific research and education of the Education of the public about cur- public about environmental and scien- rent research in national parks may be tific issues to have a much higher prior- that public’s first—and only—direct ity for the profession than they gener- exposure to taxpayer-funded science. Paul Doss leading a ally do now. With a well-developed and understand- training session on Active participation in public edu- able explanation of current research geological history for cation can be difficult and time-con- and of any potential applied implica- park educators and the suming, but the potential benefits from tions of those studies, the public may local public at Acadia such participation can be extensive— truly understand the nature of earth National Park. and realized by all parties involved, science research. This could result in a (Photo by Kathie M. Petrie.) including park personnel (interpreters public that is more aware and support- and educators), the public, and the ive of federal funding of science and researcher. research budgets. The public may also become more supportive of private, Benefits to Park Personnel local groups that provide funding and assistance to national parks. Park staff would benefit consider- Many national parks are currently opment. It is in the best interest of the ence among scientists is unavoidable ably if external researchers were to implementing changes in resource academic research community to make and in no way reflects poorly on any become more consistently involved management policy as a direct result its own best effort to gather public sup- individual investigator. The participa- with public and naturalist education. of the conclusions developed from port of research endeavors. For those tion in public education is perhaps best Perhaps the most significant benefit scientific research. For example, hydro- of us who often work there, national left to those scientists who are comfort- would be the exposure of park educa- geologic restoration of predevelopment parks are a great “foot in the door” for able with and capable of developing a tors to current research methodology water flows in Everglades National Park that type of support. productive discourse and rapport with and results. Depending on the nature (Fennema et al., 1994; Van Lent and Any involvement by scientists in park naturalists and the park-visiting of the relationship between the scien- Johnson, 1993), wetland restoration at education efforts in parks will promote public. Those geologists who choose tist and the park staff, interpreters may Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore a higher level of accuracy in programs. not to participate publicly might sim- actually participate in data collection. (Childers et al., 1995) and National During educational program develop- ply, yet actively, provide appropriate During the course of hydrogeologic Capital Parks—East, Washington, D.C. ment, interpreters and naturalists typi- research results and interpretations to research at Indiana Dunes National (Syphax and Hammerschlag, 1995), cally depend on limited and sometimes the park educational staff. Lakeshore, northwest Indiana, (Doss, surface-water usage and resource alloca- outdated references. By providing cur- 1993), environmental education and tion near Grand Teton National Park, rent and continually updated informa- Recommendations interpretive rangers at the Paul H. Wyoming (Elder et al., 1994), and land- tion, researchers can be more confident Douglas Environmental Education Geoscientists who conduct use and resource management plans at that accurate information is being pro- Center provided invaluable assistance research in our national parks and on Great Basin National Park, Nevada vided to park visitors. by collecting, nearly daily, data on other public lands should consider the (Brown and Davila, 1993) have resulted Finally, geologists may be directly water levels from a staff gage mounted opportunity to participate in public from on-site geological research. These assisted by park staff in the course of along a public boardwalk. The educa- education efforts about science and types of significant policy and manage- conducting research. Of course, this tors were an integral and important natural resource issues. Geologists ment plans and their relation to scien- benefit depends upon the nature of the part of current scientific research. could train park interpreters in the sig- tific research must be included in edu- working relationship between the Periodically, the education staff would nificant facets of their research using cational programming in the parks. investigator and park personnel. be provided hydrographs of the water standard pedagogical techniques such Knowledge of the “real-life” application Staffing and availability of assistance levels they monitored and brief reports as field hikes and slide shows. Scientists of scientific research and its benefits are also extremely important, and may that would help put the work into per- may also work directly with the public will certainly raise the level of public not always be available. Park staff, how- spective; their appreciation of the value by conducting educational programs acceptance of science. That acceptance ever, are on-site daily, whereas that of their efforts increased over the may also extend to the very important may be impossible for the researcher. course of the study. NPS continued on p. 218

GSA TODAY, November 1995 217 NPS continued from p. 217 researcher could develop and present research conducted on the typically wetlands: Journal of Hydrology, v. 141, p. 107–126. a public program, narrate a slide show, farther removed national parks. improve an existing trail map, or The concepts proposed here advo- Eichelberger, J., and Sattler, A., 1994, Conflict of on site. The public is generally most provide training sessions for new and cate at least partial transfer of responsi- values necessitates public lands research policy: enthusiastic about direct interaction Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), seasoned rangers. Offering assistance bility from educator to scientific with active scientists, whether it be in v. 75, p. 505–508. as a reviewer and editor for revised or researcher. Historically, interpreters the context of a slide presentation, field Elder, K., Fullerton, S., and Tonnesson, K., 1994, new written information may also be have sought out the scientist for new hike, or amphitheater program. Winter mass balance measurements on Teton productive. information for inclusion in public Glacier begin to build basis for predicting Less interactive involvement could One mechanism currently exists programs. Perhaps it is in the best seasonal melt and runoff: Park Science, v. 14, consist of preparation of understand- no. 3, p. 11–13. that could very easily be modified to interest of the scientific community for able summaries and reports of signifi- ensure external researcher involvement the individual researcher to take addi- Fennema, R .J., Neidrauer, C .J., Johnson, R. A., cant findings and interpretations, MacVicar, T. K., and Perkins, W. A., 1994, in education in national parks. Any tional responsibility for initiating and preparation of new or improved trail A computer model to simulate natural Everglades research conducted in a national park fostering a productive, and mutually guides, wayside exhibits, written mate- hydrology, in Davis, S., and Ogden, J., eds., that includes collection of samples of beneficial, relationship between Everglades: The ecosystem and its restoration: rial, and static visitor-center displays, or any kind requires that a scientist obtain geologist and interpreter. Delray Beach, Forida, St. Lucie Press, p. 249–289. donations to park slide collections. The a National Park Service Collectors Hahn, S. C., and Venezky, D. Y., 1994, Groundwa- geologist could furnish progress reports Permit. The permit (approved by the Acknowledgments ter contamination at Wind Cave National Park: and copies of published or unpublished An interactive program for educating visitors Resource Management Division or manuscripts to the interpretive staff. We thank all of the National Park about natural resources: Eos (Transactions, Ameri- Protection Division and the park super- can Geophysical Union), v. 75, p. 82. Even better, the researcher could pre- Service staff, visitors, and geologists intendent) informs the park staff of pare more “user-friendly” reports or with whom we have had the privilege Mattox, S. R., 1994, A teacher’s guide to the geol- intended research and nature of sample ogy of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park: Hawaii executive summaries that would be to work over the years; Bob Corbett collection. The permit process could be Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii Natural History more easily understood by park educa- and Barbara Manner for their develop- modified to require a statement by the Association, 391 p. tors (for example, Tabor, 1987; Mattox, ment of the GSA North-Central Section researcher of her or his planned, volun- Schneiderman, J. S., 1995, Forest health policy: 1994). These summaries decrease the symposium where we first had the tary efforts to educate naturalists or What role for earth scientists?: GSA Today, likelihood of misinterpretation of data opportunity to discuss our work; Virgil v. 5, p. 103. park visitors on the nature of the by educators and the public. Frizzell, for motivating us to prepare research, expected results, and the Stephenson, D. A., and Zen, E-an, 1995, Geo- In a more active sense, scientists the manuscript; and Donald Davidson, sphere Alliance Committee seeks input and action conclusions. Such a statement of vol- can participate directly in the same Shirley Beccue, and Steven Mattox from GSA members: GSA Today, v. 5, p. 100. untary involvement might motivate education programs performed by for their thoughtful reviews of the Syphax, S. W., and Hammerschlag, R. S., 1995, the researcher who is capable of public park interpreters. With appropriate manuscript. The reconstruction of Kenilworth Marsh—the last and naturalist education, while at the tidal marsh in Washington D.C.: Park Science, consultation with park interpretive same time identifying those scientists v. 15, no. 1, p. 1–19. staff, geologists themselves can lead References Cited and research projects not particularly field hikes, give slide shows, and lead Tabor, R. W., 1987, Geology of Olympic National well suited to public education. Clearly, Barnhardt, W. A., and Kelley, J. T., 1995, Carbon- Park: Seattle, Northwest Interpretive Association, campfire discussions. In one notewor- the response to this inquiry should ate accumulation on the inner continental shelf 144 p. thy case, researchers implemented an of Maine: A modern consequence of Late Quater- not, at least initially, have any bearing Van Lent, T., and Johnson, R., 1993, Towards the interactive visitor-education program nary glaciation and sea-level change: Journal of on approval or denial of the collection Sedimentary Research, v. A65, p. 195–207. restoration of Taylor Slough: Homestead, South about ground-water contamination at Florida Natural Resources Center, Everglades permit. Wind Cave National Park, South Brown, J. L., and Davila, V., Jr., 1993, Great Basin National Park, 20 p. NP and USGS cooperate on a geologic mapping Dakota (Hahn and Venezky, 1994). Conclusions program: Park Science, v. 13, no. 2, p. 6–7. Wells, M., 1995, Human dimensions and natural By the use of the Mosaic program, the resource management: Opportunities for inter- Childers, E. L., Wolfe, C. P., and Olyphant, G. A., preters: Legacy, v. 6, no. 2, p. 2–3. display is also offered on the Internet We have restricted the scope of this 1995, Preparing for dune swale wetland restora- to a larger audience. discussion to geological research in tion at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore: Park Winter, L., 1993, Bridging the communication Science, v. 15, no. 1, p. 23. gap: linking interpreters, resource managers, and In cases where park staff is able national parks, but the same conditions researchers: Park Science, v. 13, no. 3, p. 9–10. and willing to assist a researcher in exist for other disciplines and on other Clague, D. A., and Denlinger, R. P., 1994, Role the field, a positive interaction can federal lands, state parks, county and of olivine cumulates in destabilizing the flanks Whitlock, K., and Burtlein, P. J., 1993, Spatial variations of Holocene climatic change in the develop. Best suited for assistance of Hawaiian volcanoes: Bulletin Volcanologique, municipal lands, and nature preserves. v. 56, p. 425–434. Yellowstone region: Quaternary Research, would be simple measurements, at We recommend that geoscientists con- v. 39, p. 231–238. a single site, that could easily be ducting research on any public land do Cruikshank, K. M., and Aydin, A., 1994, Role of fracture localization in arch formation, Arches Yin, A., and Kelty, T. K., 1991, Structural evolu- incorporated into established duty their best to become active participants National Park, Utah: Geological Society of Amer- tion of the Lewis plate in Glacier National Park, assignments. This working relationship in educational programs within those ica Bulletin, v. 106, p. 879–891. Montana: Implications for regional tectonic devel- opment: Geological Society of America Bulletin, could be best developed by a mutual settings. Geological research on local Doss, P. K., 1993, The nature of a dynamic water v. 103, p. 1073–1089. ■ exchange of assistance. In return for public lands may have an even greater table in a system of non-tidal, freshwater coastal help provided by park staff, the positive impact on the public than

OTA continued from p. 215 and floor debates, OTA reports were equal number of senators and represen- Some said that Congress needed to quoted by parties on both sides of an tatives. The OTA director was also a show it was serious in its efforts by community, and the general public. issue. nonvoting board member. During the eliminating one of its own agencies OTA also offered a variety of other An OTA assessment could only be past decade, I have been a participant before taking on other agencies such as services to the Senate and House of initiated at the request of OTA's Tech- in four OTA assessments, the most the Department of Commerce. Some Representatives. These included nology Assessment Board (TAB) or by recent, earlier this year, an assessment pointed out that Senator Ted Kennedy providing briefings, presenting testi- the chair or the ranking minority mem- of spent nuclear fuel and its disposal. (D—MA) was instrumental in the mony, and preparing major assessment ber of a congressional committee. All Each of these four assessments, as all founding of OTA and that he still reports, which were made widely avail- projects had to have the authorization of the other OTA reports that I have serves as chair of its advisory board. able to others. Through October 1995, of the TAB. OTA staff would then plan, reviewed, was a complete and profes- By association, this may label OTA as more than 750 such assessment reports direct, and draft the assessment, draw- sional analysis of the issue at hand. being too liberal. Some point out that were prepared. A typical OTA assess- ing broadly on the technical resources You may ask why a productive, OTA is perceived as being too close to ment took one to two years and of the private sector. An advisory group effective agency such as OTA would be the Clinton White House, with former focused on a complex science and tech- was almost always drawn from the aca- eliminated. A number of reasons have OTA Director John Gibbons serving as nology issue, attempting to identify demic community, nongovernmental been given by OTA workers and the the President's science advisor and policy options and provide foresight public interest groups, state and local media. They range from concerns that head of the Office of Science and Tech- about new developments that could governmental representatives, and citi- OTA assessments duplicated work done nology Policy. Others point out that have implications for future federal zenry at large. At its demise, OTA had by other government agencies, such as OTA was the first entity to clearly ques- policy. An OTA assessment did not a multidisciplinary staff of 143 employ- the General Accounting Office (GAO) tion many of the basic premises of the advocate a particular policy or action. ees. A recent article in the Christian and the Congressional Research Service Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and Rather, it pointed out the pros and Science Monitor stated that without the (CRS), and by private-sector advisory that without OTA, it might be substan- cons of the identified spectrum of OTA, "Congress would be flying blind bodies, such as the National Research tially easier to restart SDI. For whatever possible actions, sorted out the facts, through the sci-tech jungle." Council (NRC) of the National reason, OTA is gone. and provided options. Often, the con- OTA's bipartisan 12-member TAB Academy of Sciences (NAS); that OTA In the District of Columbia, a sequences of each policy option might was composed of an equal number of took so much time to produce its group of former OTA employees have be presented. Often, during hearings Republicans and Democrats and an assessments that legislation was already incorporated a consulting firm called voted upon before the related report the Institute of Technology Assessment. would appear; that OTA, which worked They hope to keep the concept of OTA for committees and not members of alive with funding provided by founda- Congress, was poorly known by the tions and from contracts. They will large number of new members of expand their sphere of coverage to It’s GSA’s Publications Catalog Congress, and hence its value was not respond to policy issues of interest to known in the current Congress; or that state and local governments as well as given a choice between cutting their the nation. Ultimately, they hope that 1-800-472-1988 own staffs or the staff of committees to Congress will see the folly of its ways FREE! (303) 447-2020 which they belong, members would and realize that a life without OTA is rather look out for their own interests a life devoid of factual options. ■ and cut a third party such as OTA.

218 GSA TODAY, November 1995 Obduction continued from p. 213

This hypothesis could be tested by drilling a transect of relatively shallow holes (most <300 m) across the Africa- Eurasia plate boundary. One hole was Figure 3. Outline map of drilled on the northern part of the the Mediterranean showing seamount plateau (Site 966), one on the main tectonic features the upper northern slopes (Site 965), and the locations of the sites one on a small high at the base of the drilled during Leg 160. This article deals only with the northern slope of the seamount (Site transect of sites drilled 967), and one on the lower slope of the between Cyprus and the Cyprus margin to the north (Site 968; Eratosthenes Seamount Fig. 4, inset). (Sites 965, 966, 967, and In this article we summarize the 968). The line with teeth new information gained by drilling, marks the deformation front and we demonstrate how this can be between the African and used to test a model of collisional pro- Eurasian plates. cesses and ophiolite obduction that is of general importance. The details of the recovery at the individual sites are recorded elsewhere (Emeis, Robertson, Richter, et al., 1995).

SUMMARY OF DRILLING RESULTS the Eratosthenes Seamount gave way to erosion and/or local accumulation of The nature of the basement of the gypsum and ferruginous muds in small Eratosthenes Seamount is unknown, marginal lagoons and/or lakes, as but it might represent transitional crust recorded at Sites 965 and 967 (Fig. 5). of a rifted passive margin. The presence By contrast, a much thicker (~150 m) of mafic igneous intrusions at depth is succession of inferred Messinian age suggested by the existence of a strong was deposited at Site 968 on the lower magnetic anomaly beneath the Cyprus slope. This was probably seamount and adjacent seafloor areas deposited in a large lake or inland sea, (Woodside, l977, l991). The oldest well below eustatic sea level. The exis- sediments recovered during Leg 160 are tence of Messinian lakes was previously undated shallow-water carbonates that inferred in the western Mediterranean underlie Upper Cretaceous pelagic Tyrrhenian Sea (Kastens, Mascle, et al., carbonates at Site 967 (Fig. 4). In the l990). pre–Upper Cretaceous, the Eratosthenes Distinctive matrix-supported brec- Seamount formed part of a carbonate cias occur between underlying shallow- platform, as widely exposed around the water carbonates and overlying nanno- eastern Mediterranean (e.g., in south- fossil oozes of early Pliocene age at Site ern Turkey and the Levant). Overlying 966. They formed by mainly mass-flow pelagic carbonates, of Upper Creta- processes during the early Pliocene ceous and middle Eocene age at Site (pre–4.5 Ma). The source of many of 967 and of exclusively middle Eocene the clasts was a shallow-water lime- age at Site 966, indicate accumulation stone, similar to the underlying succes- in a quiet deep-water (bathyal) setting. sion. Pliocene accumulation took place The absence of gravity input (e.g., tur- in a relatively deep-marine setting bidites) within the Upper Cretaceous (more than several hundred meters), and middle Eocene pelagic sediments based on microfossils in the matrix. is consistent with deposition on a Erosion of the limestones that are submerged platform or promontory, redeposited as clasts in the lower isolated from terrigenous input. The Pliocene might have been subaerial, Figure 4. Summary of the successions drilled on the Eratosthenes Seamount and lower slope of Eratosthenes Seamount area was proba- subaqueous, or both, but there is little the Cyprus margin. Lower left: Simplified bathymetry of the transect area. bly then still located well to the south evidence of clast rounding via sedimen- of areas of Tethys that experienced tary transport. A tectonic fabric present ophiolite emplacement and active mar- within several clasts could suggest gin deformation in the latest Creta- derivation from a faulted rock (e.g., ceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian; an erosional fault scarp). The presence Sengör¸ and Yilmaz, l981). of nannofossil mud clasts also indicates Middle Eocene pelagic carbonate that deep-marine sediments were accumulation was followed by shallow- reworked in an unstable slope setting. water carbonate deposition. The car- The Pliocene-Pleistocene succes- bonates accumulated in a near-reef, sions at each site are composed of nan- platform setting and are dated as early nofossil oozes interbedded with cal- Miocene at Site 967, on the basis of careous muds, numerous sapropels, benthic foraminifera (I. Premoli-Silva, and minor volcanic ash. The Eratos- 1995, personal commun.). Water thenes Seamount sites (Sites 965, 966, depths must have decreased by more and 967) are now at water depths rang- than several hundred meters between ing from 700 to 2900 m. These differ- the middle Eocene and the Miocene, ences in water depth are the result of which implies that surface tectonic differential subsidence of the seamount uplift of the Eratosthenes Seamount area. Much of this subsidence took must have taken place, in addition to place relatively rapidly. The early the effects of any eustatic sea-level Pliocene sediments accumulated in change. This uplift is not likely to have deep water, without evidence of a grad- been collision-induced, because the ual upward transition from shallow- subsequent Miocene shallow-water water conditions. Benthic foraminifers deposition took place under relatively indicate a further deepening after the tectonically stable conditions, but it late Pliocene, at least at Site 967. could instead reflect tectonic move- ments related to an earlier history of TECTONIC MODEL OF subduction. Regional and local evi- COLLISION AND dence (e.g., in Cyprus and Crete) sug- OPHIOLITE EMPLACEMENT gests that the present-day Africa-Eura- The new information obtained by sia plate boundary was already in drilling can be used to test and substan- existence in the eastern Mediterranean tiate a model of incipient collision and by the Miocene (Dewey and Sengör,¸ Figure 5. Logs summarizing only (from south to north) the mainly Messinian and lower ophiolite emplacement. The tectonic l979; Sengör¸ et al., l985; Robertson et Pliocene intervals of successions recovered during Leg 160. Southwest Cyprus is added for com- model to be tested maintains that, fol- al., l991; Meulenkamp et al., l994). parison (Orszag-Sperber and Elion, l989). Rapid subsidence of the Eratosthenes Seamount took lowing a more than 85 m.y. evolution During the Messinian salinity cri- place during the early Pliocene, associated with mass wasting and fault activity (Sites 966, 965, sis, shallow-water marine deposition on 967). Site 968 on the lower Cyprus slope and onshore Cyprus, however, documents a contrast- Obduction continued on p. 220 ing sedimentary and tectonic history (see text).

GSA TODAY, November 1995 219 Obduction continued from p. 219

as part of the passive margin of Gond- wana, the Eratosthenes Seamount is being thrust beneath the Troodos ophi- olite to the north. Related to this colli- sion there is a transition from exten- sional tectonics and collapse of the Eratosthenes Seamount in the south, to shortening in the north, beginning near the lower northern slope of the Eratosthenes Seamount (Fig. 6; Limonov et al., l994; Robertson et al., l994, l995). The new information gained during Leg 160 largely substan- Figure 6. Tectonic model of collision and ophiolite emplacement prior to Leg 160 drilling (Limonov et al., l994; Robertson et al., l994, l995). The tiates this model (Fig. 7). Eratosthenes Seamount is being thrust beneath the Troodos ophiolite to the north. The seamount plateau area is undergoing load-induced exten- sional faulting. There is a transition from extensional tectonics in the south to shortening in the north. This model was tested and substantiated Evidence of Load-induced during Leg 160. In addition, the interpretation of the seismic profiles suggests that the Eratosthenes Seamount is also being thrust beneath the Subsidence Levantine platform to the south, an aspect that was not investigated during Leg 160. The Eratosthenes Seamount is inferred to have collided with the active margin of the Eurasian plate to the north, including Cyprus, resulting in subsidence and collapse of the Figure 7. Plate tectonic seamount. An exponential increase in model of the evolution subsidence rate with time would be of the Eratosthenes predicted theoretically, as in the case of Seamount in relation to foredeeps associated with thrust and Cyprus. A: The Troodos nappe emplacement in mountain belts ophiolite formed possibly (e.g., Beaumont, l981; Stockmal et al., above an earlier north- dipping subduction zone. l986; Whiting and Thomas, l994). The The Eratosthenes Sea- paleontological evidence indicates that mount is shown as a rifted rapid subsidence of the Eratosthenes marginal continental occurred in the early Pliocene, and it fragment of the North may have begun earlier (Fig. 8). In African plate. B: The north- addition, the early Pliocene matrix-sup- ern plate was strongly ported breccias at Site 966 are indica- deformed in middle to tive of masswasting and accumulation late Eocene time, while on relatively steep submarine slopes. Eratosthenes was unaffected. C: Northward subduction in the Miocene Evidence of was reflected in supra– Related Faulting subduction zone extension Interpretation of seismic data sug- in Cyprus. Eratosthenes was gests that the northernmost part of the uplifted and overlain by shallow-water carbonates. Eratosthenes Seamount is now thrust D: Eratosthenes was emer- beneath Cyprus, including the overrid- gent during the Messinian ing Troodos ophiolite (Limonov et al., salinity crisis, and initial l994; Robertson et al., l994, l995). The collision with Cyprus seamount thus forms the footwall of an possibly began. E: The overriding thrust load. To what extent Eratosthenes Seamount did the footwall deform by faulting was thrust beneath the during load-induced collapse? This is a Troodos ophiolite, trig- current question for many on-land gering surface uplift and foredeep settings (e.g., Alps and relative southward dis- placement, accompanied Himalayas). If the effects of thrustload- by serpentinite diapirism. ing exceeded the flexural rigidity of the crust, then normal faulting would be anticipated. The incoming Eratos- thenes slab represents old (Mesozoic or older) crust that would be expected to behave in a relatively rigid manner, on theoretical grounds (Stockmal et al., l986). Nevertheless, flexurally induced faulting can be facilitated by preexist- ing zones of structural weakness in crust of any age. Seismic evidence indicates that the Figure 8. Inferred plateau area of the Eratosthenes tectonic history of the Seamount is currently tectonically northern margin of the active. A set of roughly east-west-ori- Eratosthenes Seamount. A: A stable bathyal ented fault zones, up to several hun- carbonate-depositing dred meters wide, cuts the uppermost setting. B: Flexurally Pliocene-Pleistocene sedimentary induced faulting related strata. Some of these faults exist as to onset of collision and large open cracks on the seafloor. Sev- the start of southward eral of the faults on the Eratosthenes ophiolite emplacement, Seamount plateau predate accumula- probably during the tion of the Pliocene-Pleistocene deep- Messinian salinity crisis. sea sequence. These faults are inter- C: Subsidence continued preted to represent the result of following the end of the flexurally induced faulting (Limonov et Messinian salinity crisis. D: The northern extension al., l994; Robertson et al., l994, l995). of the Eratosthenes Sea- Seismic data also suggest that a small mount collapsed as a ridge at the base of the lower northern result of flexural loading slope of the Eratosthenes Seamount is by the overriding Troodos underlain by a northward-dipping fault ophiolite, with a switch to zone (a reverse fault or thrust; Fig. 6). shortening in the north. Both this ridge and the adjacent lower slopes of the Eratosthenes Seamount appear to be undergoing tectonic short- ening. The ridge is apparently being detached from the downgoing Eratos-

Obduction continued on p. 221

220 GSA TODAY, November 1995 Obduction continued from p. 220 GSA International thenes Seamount and is being accreted GSA Foundation to the overriding thrust wedge. The Division Seeks Funds 3300 Penrose Place seismic evidence is interpreted to Pinar O. Yilmaz P.O. Box 9140 reflect a switch from flexurally induced President, International Division Boulder, CO 80301 (303) 447-2020 normal faulting in more distal (i.e., Although few in numbers, GSA southerly) areas of the footwall, to International Division members are shortening in areas closer to the over- an active group. The division is International Division riding thrust load (i.e., more northerly). cosponsoring Theme Session 2, Award Fund Drilling during Leg 160 provided Geology and Tectonics of the additional evidence in support of the Caribbean Region, at the GSA role of faulting in collision-related Annual Meeting in New Orleans. Enclosed is my contribution in deformation of the Eratosthenes The session is on Tuesday, Novem- the amount of $______Seamount, as follows: (1) Evidence of ber 7. We believe that this kind of for the International Division predominantly extensional faulting is international exchange of ideas Award Fund. Figure 9. Indication of relative sea-level present in the Upper Cretaceous and broadens our knowledge and gives middle Eocene sequences drilled at Site change through time. A: Site 967 on the PLEASE PRINT Eratosthenes Seamount. B: Southern Cyprus us new insight into geoscientific 967, and to a lesser extent in the mid- problems. Travel costs for speakers dle Eocene sequences recovered at Site (data from Robertson et al., l991). The timing Name ______and extent of relative sea-level change differs, from the Caribbean are funded by 966. For example, numerous small nor- reflecting locations on different plates until the International Division, the GSA Address ______mal faults are present within well- the Pliocene-Pleistocene, when the Eratos- Foundation, and Exxon Production cemented limestone. Unfortunately, thenes Seamount and the Troodos ophiolite Research Company. City/State/ZIP ______the timing of fault movement cannot began to collide. Because it is relatively new and Phone ______be determined. (2) Extensional faulting still small, the International Division was probably active in generating the has not yet reached a level of fund- highly immature matrix-supported ing that would give it access to matching funds from the GSA Foundation. There- breccias of early Pliocene age at Site (Gass and Masson-Smith, l963). Moores fore, the Division is requesting contributions, to supplement the dues paid by its 966. (3) At Site 965, Pliocene-Pleis- and Vine (l971) related the uplift of the members. These contributions will be used as part of the funding for symposiums tocene nannofossil muds and oozes Troodos ophiolite to the effects of at GSA annual meetings, to pay travel costs for non–North American speakers. All show evidence of widespread slumping diapiric protrusion of serpentinite. contributors will be listed in the symposium flyers. See the accompanying and reworking as debris flows that may Ultramafic rocks of the lower levels of coupon, or contact Pinar Yilmaz at (713) 423-7465, fax 713-423-7719. have been triggered by faulting. This the ophiolite sequence were hydrated Officers of the International Division are President Pinar Yilmaz, Exxon Explo- area today forms part of the steep and rose diapirically, uplifting the ration Company, Houston; Vice-President (and president-elect) James Skehan, upper slopes of the Eratosthenes ophiolite. It is now known that this Boston University; Second Vice-President Sandra Barr, Acadia University, Nova Seamount and is bounded by large nor- event took place in the context of colli- Scotia; and Secretary-Treasurer Frederick Simon, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston. mal faults; these faults may have had sional deformation within a large area an earlier history of movement that of the eastern Mediterranean (e.g., the was reflected in sediment instability. Kyrenia Range of northern Cyprus and (4) Fine-grained mud turbidites in the onshore southern Turkey ). In sum- 160: College Station, Texas, Ocean Drilling tional Association of Sedimentologists Special upper part of the sequence at Site 966 mary, documentation during Leg 160 Program (in press). Publication 12, p. 331–369. may reflect tectonically induced of the breakup and subsidence of the Gass, I. G., and Masson-Smith, D., 1963, The geol- Robertson, A. H. F., Kidd, R. B., Ivanov, M. K., redeposition from within the plateau Eratosthenes Seamount as a result of ogy and gravity anomalies of the Troodos Massif, Limonov, A. F., Woodside, J. M., Galindo-Zal- area. In addition, drilling at Site 967 Cyprus: Royal Society of London Philosophical divar, J., and Nieto, L., l994, Probing continental collision between the African and penetrated 700 m into the small com- Transactions, ser. A, v. 255, p. 417–467. collision in the Mediterranean Sea: Eos (Transac- Eurasian plates clearly links these tions, American Geophysical Union), v. 75, pression-induced basement ridge Kastens, K. A., Mascle, J., et al., l990, Proceedings events with emplacement and uplift of p. 233. mentioned above. The recovered sec- of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific results, the Troodos ophiolite. Volume 107: College Station, Texas, Ocean Robertson, A. H. F., Kidd, R. B., Ivanov, M. K., tion ends with a tectonic breccia that Drilling Program. Limonov, A. F., Woodside, J. M., Galindo- is mainly composed of limestone. Zaldivar, J., and Nieto, L., l995, Erastosthenes CONCLUSIONS Kempler, D., l993, Tectonic patterns in the eastern Geophysical logs (e.g., Formation Seamount, easternmost Mediterranean: Evidence Mediterranean. [Ph.D. thesis]: Jerusalem, Hebrew of active collapse and thrusting beneath Cyprus: MicroScanner) suggest that numerous Drilling during Leg 160 indicates University, 136 p. Terra Nova, v. 7, p. 254–264. zones of deformation and brecciation that one of the world’s most accessible Krasheninnikov, V. A., Udintsev, G. B., are present within the Upper Creta- and best documented ophiolites is in Sengör,¸ A. M. C., and Yilmaz, Y., l981, Tethyan Mouraviov, V. I., and Hall, J. K., l994, Geological evolution of Turkey: A plate tectonic approach: ceous and middle Eocene intervals at the process of active tectonic emplace- strucure of the Eratosthenes Seamount, in Tectonophysics, v. 75, p. 181–241. Site 967. At present, it seems likely that ment. This active emplacement is Krasheninnikov, V A., and Hall, J. K., eds., Geolog- ical structure of the northeastern Mediterranean Sengör,¸ A. M. C., Görür, N., and Sariöglü, F., 1985, Site 967 had a complex tectonic history accompanied by loading and collapse (Cruise 5 of the Research Vessel Akademik Nikolaj Strike-slip faulting and related basin formation in that may have involved, first, flexure- of the footwall, represented by the Strakhov: London, Historical Productions–Hall zones of tectonic escape: Turkey as a case study, related extensional faulting resulting Eratosthenes Seamount to the south of Ltd., p. 113–131. in Biddle, K. T., and Christie-Blick, N., eds., Strike- slip deformation, basin formation and sedimenta- from thrust loading of the Eratosthenes Cyprus. This collapse is accompanied Limonov, A. F., Woodside, J. M., and Ivanov, tion: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Seamount, and then large-scale com- by widespread extensional faulting that M. K., editors, l994, Mud volcanism in the Mineralogists Special Publication 37, p. 227–264. Mediterranean and Black Seas and shallow struc- pressional deformation and local sur- developed in response to crustal flexure ture of the Eratosthenes Seamount—Initial results Stockmal, G. S., Beaumont, C., and Boutilier, R., face uplift related to underthrusting ahead of the advancing thrust load. of the geological and geophysical investigations 1986, Geodynamic models of convergent margin beneath the overriding slab. The collapse and ophiolite obduction during the third “Training-through-Research” tectonics. Transition from a rifted margin to over- are taking place in a zone of incipient Cruise of the R/N Gelendzhik (June–July, l993): thrust belt and consequences for foreland basin UNESCO Reports in Marine Sciences, v. 64, 173 p. development: American Association of Petroleum Link with Ophiolite collision between the African and Geologists Bulletin, v. 70, p. 727–730. Emplacement Eurasian plates. The tectonic processes McCallum, J. E., and Robertson, A. H. F., 1990, Pulsed uplift of the Troodos Massif—Evidence Whiting, B. M., and Thomas, W. A., l994, Three- documented during Leg 160 may thus Load-induced collapse and under- from the Plio-Pleistocene Mesaoria basin, in Mal- dimensional controls on the subsidence of a help us to understand tectonic pro- pas, J., et al., eds., Ophiolites: Oceanic crustal ana- foreland basin associated with a thrust belt recess, thrusting of the Eratosthenes Seamount cesses associated with ophiolite obduc- logues: Nicosia, Cyprus, Geological Survey Depart- Black Warrior basin, Alabama and Mississippi: was generally synchronous with tion and the early stages of collision in ment, p. 217–230. Geology, v. 22, p. 727–730. emplacement of the Troodos ophiolite many other mountain belts. Meulenkamp, J. E., van der Zwaan, G. J., and Van Woodside, J. M., l977, Tectonic elements and (Fig. 9). The collapse and underthrust- Wamel, W. A., l994, On Late Miocene to Recent crust of the eastern Mediterranean Sea: Journal of ing of the footwall represented by the vertical movements in the Cretan segment of the Marine Geophysical Research, v. 3, p. 317–354. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Hellenic arc: Tectonophysics, v. 234, p. 53–72. Eratosthenes Seamount took place from Woodside, J. M., l991, Disruption of the African early Pliocene (or late Miocene?) to We thank all who sailed with us Moores, E. M., and Vine, F. J., l971, The Troodos plate margin in the Eastern Mediterranean, in Pleistocene time, whereas the main during Leg 160, particularly the marine Massif and other ophiolites as oceanic crust: Salem, M. J., ed., The geology of Libya: New York, Evaluation and implications: Royal Society of Elsevier, p. 2319–2329. uplift of the Troodos ophiolite occurred technicians, for outstanding support. London Philosophical Transactions, ser. A, in the late Pliocene and Pleistocene v. 268, p. 443–466. Manuscript received May 6, 1995; revision received July 20, 1995; accepted July 25, 1995. ■ (McCallum and Robertson, l990; Poole REFERENCES CITED Orszag-Sperber, F., and Elion, P., l989, The sedi- and Robertson, l992). The two events Beaumont, C., l981, Foreland basins: Royal Astro- mentary expression of regional tectonic events are clearly inextricably linked. How- nomical Society Geophysical Journal, v. 65, p. during the Miocene-Pliocene transition in South- ever, in detail, strong surface uplift of 291–329. ern Cyprus: Geological Magazine, v. 126, p. 291–299. GSA’s the Troodos ophiolite appears to have Cita, M. B., and Camerlenghi, A., l990, The been delayed up to several million Mediterranean Ridge as an accretionary prism in Poole, A. J., and Robertson, A. H. F., 1992, Quater- nary uplift and sea-level change at an active plate Publications years after collapse of the Eratosthenes a collisional context: Geological Society of Italy, Memoirs, v. 45, p. 463–480. boundary, Cyprus: Geological Society of London Seamount began. This could reflect a Journal, v. 148, p. 909–921. Catalog time delay during which sufficient Dercourt, J., Ricou, L. F., and Vrielynck, B., editors, l993, Atlas of Tethys palaeoenvironmental Robertson, A. H. F., l990, Tectonic evolution of crustal thickening took place at depth maps: Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 307 p. Cyprus, in Malpas, J., et al., eds., Ophiolites and It’s to promote buoyant uplift of the over- oceanic lithosphere (Proceedings of the Interna- Dewey, J. F., and Sengör,¸ A. M. C., 1979, Aegean riding ophiolite. However, it seems tional Symposium, Troodos l987): Nicosia, and surrounding areas: Complex multiplate and Cyprus, Geological Survey Department, Free! unlikely that uplift of the Troodos continuum tectonics in a convergent zone: Geo- p. 235–252. ophiolite was driven by collisional pro- logical Society of America Bulletin, v. 90, p. 84–92. Robertson, A. H. F., Eaton, S., Follows, E. J., and cesses alone. Modeling of gravity data McCallum, J. E., 1991, The role of local tectonics 1-800-472-1988 has revealed that the Troodos ophiolite Emeis, K.-C., Robertson, A. H. F., Richter, C., and versus global sea-level change in the Neogene has a deep-rooted serpentinite core Leg 160 Scientific Party, 1995 Proceedings of the evolution of the Cyprus active margin: Interna- (303) 447-2020 Ocean Drilling Program, Initial reports, Volume

GSA TODAY, November 1995 221 Theme for 1996 Annual Meeting in Denver: EARTH SYSTEM SUMMIT

The scientific theme for the 1996 Annual Meeting in the mile-high city of diation, contaminant transport, safety Denver is Earth System Summit. As with previous themes for Annual Meetings, issues, and pertinent legislation. Other this one can be interpreted in several ways. We particularly wish to emphasize societal risks and concerns in the region that the Earth is a complete system whose processes are complexly interrelated include swelling soils, disposal of toxic at a variety of scales. In addition, the theme emphasizes that we are all inhabi- and nuclear wastes, climate change, clo- tants of this complex system; our actions can significantly impact, or be sure of military bases, urbanization, the impacted by, its dynamic behavior. Of course, we can view the gathering of sci- Rocky Flats Environmental Technology entists and engineers of the Society, the Divisions, and the associated societies as site, the Rocky Mountain Arsenal Super- an intellectual summit focusing on the Earth system. Finally, the theme empha- fund site, and others. Solving or amelio- sizes our connection with the rugged peaks of the nearby Rocky Mountains. rating these complex problems will In keeping with our theme, we are soliciting symposia and theme session surely entail an integrated systems proposals that feature aspects of multidisciplinary integrated studies of the approach. The Earth System Summit will Earth system, with special emphasis on the Rocky Mountain, High Plains, and provide a context within which to dis- Western Interior regions. Our intent is to develop symposia and theme topics cuss the current state of knowledge, as that integrate a variety of disciplines around a broad topic. Indeed, we envi- well as the future needs and directions, sion coupled symposia and theme sessions and field trips in which pre- or of our stewardship of Earth. postmeeting field trips complement technical sessions presented during the We invite the Divisions of GSA and meeting. Examples of such synergy might be the Yellowstone volcanic system, the associated societies to offer jointly the San Luis Valley hydrologic system, or the Rio Grande rift system. Other coordinated activities, technical ses- systems might include, for example, the Cretaceous interior seaway, High sions, and field trips toward these ends. Plains aquifer systems, or the San Juan volcanic system. The Denver Field Trip Committee and For each of the major systems, symposia or theme sessions could integrate Technical Program Committee will state-of-the-art knowledge at all scales. For example, a session on the Rio gladly assist representatives from the Grande rift system might include remote-sensing studies, broad-scale tectonic divisions and associated societies with behavior of continental rifting, associated volcanism, structural styles on the coordination of these cross-disciplinary macro- to meso-scale, sedimentation patterns of the Rio Grande, and Quater- efforts. Please take the time now to con- nary geomorphology. In such a scenario, we expect that the approach will sider appropriate theme sessions and bring together multidimensional expertise and ideas from a variety of disci- symposia proposals in the context of the plines. We particularly encourage presentation of leading research methodolo- overall technical program for the 1996 gies that better contribute to our understanding of the Earth system. Integra- Annual Meeting. The Earth System Summit promises to be an informative and tion of disciplines and themes may also be applied to understanding human exciting forum for showcasing integration of the Earth sciences. interactions with the Earth system. For example, large numbers of mine clo- sures in the Rocky Mountains are a major societal concern. Symposia or theme —John D. Humphrey and John E. Warme sessions in this context might encompass mine hydrology, water quality, reme- 1996 Technical Program Chairmen

2. After choosing a theme title, theme papers from among the How to Propose Theme Sessions for select no more than 3 of the cate- reviewed and accepted abstracts during the 1996 GSA Annual Meeting gories that are listed in the right-hand the JTPC meeting, August 9–10. Please margin of the 1996 Abstract Form. identify this person to the Technical These should be the categories that best Program Chairs by July 1. In the DEADLINE FOR PROPOSALS: JANUARY 2, 1996 describe the interdisciplinary aspects of absence of a designated theme coordi- the theme session. Pick carefully, nator, the Chair will assign one of the because authors who submit abstracts JTPC representatives. Please submit with an author submits more than one vol- to a theme session will need to select The JTPC will arrange the technical Theme Proposal Form unteered abstract with the same person both the theme session and one of the program keeping in mind suggestions as speaker, all abstracts listing that abstract categories. from various societies and divisions as THEME SESSION speaker may be rejected. 3. Fill in the cover sheet and well as those from theme session advo- GUIDELINES send it with your proposal. Please cates. In keeping with trying to accom- IF YOU SUBMIT AN IDEA include a brief (50 words) description modate the needs of many diverse Theme sessions are a set of topi- FOR A THEME SESSION, of the theme session. It will be used for groups, the Technical Chair makes the cally focused, volunteered abstracts. PLEASE: publication later, in the Call for Papers final scheduling decisions. The theme Theme sessions are a way of arranging in GSA Today and other GSA mailings. advocate does not control the time or volunteered abstracts into inter- 1. Designate a theme session 4. Advise authors to submit date of the session. Themes are sched- disciplinary groupings that make advocate. This person would encour- abstracts directly to GSA by the uled Monday through Thursday. Qual- for scientific sense. Themes do not age (not invite) abstracts that will fit the abstracts deadline, July 9. ity of the technical program as a whole require formal sponsorship by an orga- theme session's concept. Society or divi- 5. Rank abstracts. All volun- takes precedence over all other consid- nization. The stronger theme sessions, sion membership may help the advo- teered abstracts (including those for the erations. however, do benefit from active sup- cate in this process. No doubt, when theme session) will go to scientific port (hard work) by those interested the theme session title is announced, reviewers designated by members of PRESENTATION MODES in the success of the session. other papers will be voluntarily submit- the Joint Technical Program Commit- The sessions, which can be either ted in addition to those that were Oral Mode tee. oral or poster, but not mixed, have solicited or intended. The theme session The standard mode of presentation The theme advocate will have the variable lengths depending on the sub- advocate will serve as liaison with GSA's is a half-day oral session scheduled opportunity at this time to rank the mitted number of pertinent and high- Joint Technical Program Committee Monday through Thursday. Usually 16 abstracts and to arrange them into a quality abstracts. However, a mini- (JTPC). Therefore, the name of the papers are presented, with slides or dis- tentative order of presentation. This mum of 16 abstracts is usual for an theme session advocate should be plays as visual support. will aid the JTPC in scheduling. oral theme session. If, at the abstracts included with the proposal. The theme Please Remember: ABSTRACTS Poster Mode deadline, sufficient abstracts have not been session advocate will generally con- SUBMITTED FOR THEME SESSIONS Proposals for themes using the received, the theme session will be dropped, tribute an abstract to the session and ARE NOT INVITED. NONE CAN BE poster mode will be considered for half- and the papers continued in the review pro- (for oral presentations) will usually GUARANTEED ACCEPTANCE. day poster sessions. The poster mode cess for standard discipline sessions. assume the responsibility of session 6. Theme sessions may also include has the same limitations as the oral Please note: An abstract submitted chairperson. The theme session advo- a 15 minute introduction OR a 15 mode: usually a minimum of 16 papers to a theme session is a volunteered cate will not otherwise be identified or minute closing review. (Abstracts will will be necessary to make the theme abstract, not an invited abstract. linked to the theme session in the pub- not be published for introductions and session viable. Please remind your colleagues that if lished Abstracts with Programs volume. reviews.) Remember, however, that such time automatically reduces by one the DATE AND number of abstracts that may be pre- TIME PREFERENCES sented. Introduction and Review periods CALL GSA MEETINGS DEPARTMENT TO RECEIVE A Although exact times have not are best requested by the theme session been finalized for the 1996 meeting, we advocate at the time of theme session 1996 THEME PROPOSAL FORM might anticipate them to be similar submittal and are subject to approval by 1-800-472-1988 ext. 133 • fax 303-447-0648 to past meetings: the Technical Program chairs. E-mail: [email protected] Sun. — 8:00 a.m.–12 Noon, 7. An organization may choose or fill out and transmit on the Web 1:00–5:00 p.m. http://www.aescon.com/geosociety/index.html to have its JTPC representative coordinate, select, and schedule its Theme continued on p. 223

222 GSA TODAY, November 1995 1996 GSA Annual Meeting Field Trips GSA Offers Awards in

The theme of the 1996 GSA • Proterozoic Magmatism in South- Canyonlands and Monument Val- Geomorphology and Annual Meeting, Earth System Summit, eastern Wyoming, Evidence for the ley, Southeastern Utah Micropaleontology reflects both the complex interrelation Cogenetic Relationship Between • Upper Cretaceous Coals of the of Earth system processes and the syn- Anorthosites and Rapakivi Gran- Western Interior Seaway, Through the generosity of ergy of human adaptation to and effect ites, Laramie Mountains, South- Northwestern Colorado W. Storrs Cole, two awards for upon Earth’s dynamic systems. Annual Central Wyoming • Geology of El Solitario Dome, support of research are offered Meeting field trips for 1996 build • Geology and Geologic Hazards of Laccolith, and Caldera System, through GSA. The Gladys W. Cole on this theme, offering considerable the Glenwood Springs Area, Cen- Southern Texas Memorial Research Award provides opportunity to observe and discuss tral Colorado • Sequence Stratigraphy of the support for the investigation of the complex geologic and hydrologic rela- • Gravity Detachment Structures of Muddy Sandstone and Equivalent geomorphology of semiarid and arid tions in the West, with special empha- the Eastern Absaroka Range, Rocks from North-Central Col- terrains in the United States and sis on the Rocky Mountains, High North-Central Wyoming orado to Northeastern New Mexico Mexico. It is to be given to a GSA Plains, and Colorado Plateau–southern • Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary • Depositional Environments Member or Fellow between 30 and Great Basin regions. Many geological Impact Deposits on Haiti and Hydrocarbon Potential of 65 years of age who has published disciplines and specialties are repre- • Braided and Meandering Stream Codell–Juana Lopez Sandstones one or more significant papers on sented, and the proximity to Denver of Deposits, Morrison and Chinle For- and Regional Structure and Stratig- geomorphology. Funds cannot be wide-ranging geologic terrain ensures mations—Colorado Plateau raphy of Canon City and Huerfano used for work already accomplished, something of interest to everyone. of Southeastern Utah Areas and Northern Raton Basin, but recipients of a previous award All pre- and postmeeting field trips • Synchronous Oligocene and South-Central Colorado may reapply if additional support is are technical in nature, last from one to Miocene Extension and Magma- • Sequence Stratigraphic Relation- needed to complete their work. four days, and are led by active field tism in the Vicinity of Caldera ships of Coeval Shallow Marine The amount of this award in researchers. Professionals and students Complexes in Southeastern Nevada and Nonmarine Strata, Kaiparowitz 1996 will be $12,000. are strongly encouraged to take advan- • Precambrian Tectonics and Plateau, Eastern Arizona and The second award, the W. Storrs tage of these offerings; with lower air- Metallogeny of the Hartville Uplift, Southern Utah Cole Memorial Research Award, has fares for Saturday night stay-over Wyoming • Hydrogeology of the San Luis been established to support research flights, costs associated with field trip • A New Look at the Laramide Valley–Summitville Mine, South- in invertebrate micropaleontology. participation are significantly reduced. Orogeny in the Seminoe and Central Colorado This award will carry a stipend of Trips begin and end in Denver unless Shirley Mountains, Freezeout Hills, • Geology and Paleontology of the $10,000 in 1996, and will be given otherwise indicated. The following list and Hanna Basin, South-Central Gold Belt Backcountry Byway: to a GSA Member or Fellow between of trips is tentative and subject to Wyoming Garden Park Fossil Area and 30 and 65 years of age who has change. Further details will be given in • Neogene Geology of South-Central Florissant Fossil Beds published one or more significant the April issue of GSA Today. Colorado and North-Central New • Tertiary Intrusive Rocks of the papers on micropaleontology. For further information, contact Mexico and Volcanic Geology of Spanish Peaks and the Laramide Additional information and the 1996 Field Trip Co-Chairs Charles L. Los Mogotes and San Luis Hills, Structure of the Western Margin application forms may be obtained Pillmore and Ren A. Thompson, USGS, Northern New Mexico of the Raton Basin, South-Central from the Research Grants Admini- Box 25046 Federal Center, Mail Stop • Laramide Orogeny and Cenozoic Colorado strator, GSA, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, 913, Denver, CO 80225-0046. Erosional History, Front Range and • Jemez Volcanic Field and Valles CO 80301. Pillmore: (303) 236-1240; Thompson: Denver Basin, Colorado Caldera–Middle Rio Grande Rift All applications must be post- (303) 236-0929, E-mail: rathomps@ • Sequence Stratigraphy and • Dunes, Rivers, Lakes and Wetlands: marked on or before February 15, usgs.gov, fax: 303-236-0214. Petroleum Geology of the Central Tales from the Nebraska Sand Hills 1996. Actions taken by the Com- Denver Basin, Colorado of Western Nebraska mittee on Research Grants will be PREMEETING • Oblique Laramide Convergence in reported to each applicant in April. POSTMEETING the Northeastern Front Range of These are two of GSA’s most • Rock Avalanches of the Flatirons Colorado: Regional Implications prestigious awards; all qualified Piedmont, Boulder, Colorado • Evidence for Early Proterozoic from the Analysis of Minor researchers are urged to apply. • Geology of the Western San Juan Reworking of Archean Rocks in the Faults ■ Mountains and a Tour of the Central Laramie Range, South-Cen- San Juan Skyway, Southwestern tral Wyoming Colorado • Soil-Geomorphic Relationships • Tertiary Stratigraphy (White River near Rocky Flats, Boulder-Golden, Group) and Sedimentary Processes Colorado Area, with a stop at the of the High Plains, Eastern pre–Fountain Formation paleosol Wyoming and Western Nebraska of Wahlstrom (1948) • Kinematics of the Slumgullion • Permian-Triassic Deposystems, Landslide, Lake City, Colorado Paleogeography, Paleoclimate, and Research Grants Hydrocarbon Resources in Program 1996

he primary role of the Research Grants Program is to provide partial support for research by gradu- Theme continued from p. 222 NOTIFICATION AND T ate students at universities in the United States, SUBMITTAL DEADLINE Canada, Mexico, and Central America. GSA strongly Mon. — 8:00 a.m.–12 Noon, The ABSOLUTE deadline for informing encourages women, minorities, and persons with disabili- 1:00–5:00 p.m. GSA about theme sessions for the Den- ties to participate fully in this grants program. Eligibility is Tues. — 8:00 a.m.–12 Noon, ver Meeting: January 2, 1996. not restricted to GSA members. New application forms are available each fall 1:30–5:30 p.m. in the geology departments of colleges and universities offering graduate Please send submittals to 1996 Wed. — 8:00 a.m.–12 Noon, degrees in earth sciences. Forms are mailed in October to GSA Campus Rep- Joint Technical Program chairs: 1:30–5:30 p.m. resentatives and department secretaries and chairpersons in the United Thurs. — 8:00 a.m.–12 Noon, John D. Humphrey, Colorado School of States, Canada, and Mexico. They are also available upon request from the 1:00–5:00 p.m. Mines, Dept. of Geology & Geological Research Grants Administrator, Geological Society of America, P.O. Box Engrg., Golden, CO 80401, Office: 9140, Boulder, CO 80301. Please use only the 1996 application and appraisal ABSTRACT FORMS (303) 273-3819, Dept.: (303) 273- forms. AND REVIEW 3800, fax 303-273-3859, E-mail: Confidential evaluations from two faculty members are required from candi- [email protected] Abstract forms are now available dates for the M.S. or Ph.D. degree and must accompany applications sub- John E. Warme, Colorado School of from GSA: (303) 447-8850. mitted. PLEASE USE THE “APPRAISAL OF APPLICANT” FORMS, WHICH Mines, Dept. of Geology & Geological Theme advocates will automati- ACCOMPANY THE 1996 APPLICATION FORMS. Application forms will not be Engrg., Golden, CO 80401, Office: cally be mailed a set of forms in March. accepted by facsimile. (303) 273-3565, Dept.: (303) 273- The Geological Society of America awarded over $300,000 in grants in ABSTRACT REVIEW 3800, fax 303-273-3859, E-mail: [email protected] 1995. The grants went to 218 students doing research for advanced SCHEDULE FOR ALL degrees. The average amount awarded was $1465. The largest grant was ABSTRACTS See the World Wide Web for invita- $2500, but there is no predetermined maximum amount. tion and proposal form. The World July 9—Abstracts Deadline. Original Wide Web address at the Uniform The Committee on Research Grants will meet in March to evaluate applica- and 5 copies due to GSA. Resource Locator is http://www.aescon. tions and award grants. In April, all applicants for grants will be informed of July 17–18—GSA mails abstracts to com/geosociety/index.html. Theme the committee's actions by the Executive Director of the Geological Society JTPC reviewers, theme advocates, proposal information appears on the of America. and symposia conveners. Web in the Meetings area. An on-line August 2—Reviews and abstracts due ALL APPLICATIONS MUST BE SUBMITTED ON THE 1996 FORMS form can be filled out and transmitted at GSA. AND POSTMARKED BY FEBRUARY 15, 1996 directly to the Technical Program Chairs. ■

GSA TODAY, November 1995 223 GSAF UPDATE

Looking Back to the Origins of the Second Century Fund

Brian J. Skinner, Trustee and Membership Vice Chair, Second Century Fund

In December 1986 I received a funding opportunities, letters, etc.” The The Council response to the Com- request from GSA President Jack Oliver: result was GSA Today, the monthly pub- mittee recommendation was SAGE— Would I chair a group with the cumber- lication now received by every member Science Awareness through Geoscience some title of Committee on the Path of the Society. I hardly need to point Education. Directed with great sensitiv- Brian Skinner to the Year 2000? Our charge was “to out how vital and effective this full- ity and acuity by Ed Geary, SAGE has examine … GSA in the broadest possi- color publication is, and what a great grown to be one of the most successful ble light and the broadest possible con- role it now plays in the affairs of the ventures GSA has ever launched. suggestions for megaprojects to capital- text and then develop a set of recom- Society. Another bold move by Council ize on the momentum of DNAG, for mendations for innovative actions or The first recommendation to be was the founding of IEE—the Institute example, for digital maps, joint GSA- changes in GSA over the period from implemented was not GSA Today but for Environmental Education. The rec- AGU meetings, and others. I continue the Centennial Year to the turn of the rather the establishment of an award ommendation by the Committee was to hope that more of the committee’s century, i.e., 1988–2000. The recom- for young geologists. The committee for something even bolder—the found- suggestions may eventually be imple- mendations should be designed to realized that awards existed for young ing of an institute where people could mented, but that can only happen enhance the performance of GSA mineralogists, paleontologists, geo- spend weeks or months being educated when the important initiatives already so that it does the optimum job of physicists, geochemists, and other in special topics or working on difficult undertaken have been securely funded. serving the science and society.” specialists, but no such award existed issues. So far, the full recommendation These are the origins of the Second My response was hesitant, even for geology, the core discipline. Such has proven to be too ambitious, but Century Fund for Earth • Education • negative. I knew from long involve- awards “tell bright young scientists that one of the reasons given for an insti- Environment, a major capital cam- ment with GSA that ad hoc committee they and their work are respected.” The tute was the need “to understand better paign to provide the financial where- recommendations had a habit of award was funded with a generous gift the effects of human civilization on the withal to accomplish all that must be rapidly finding the circular file. Never- to the Foundation endowment by Dr. global environment.” The key word accomplished as the new millennium theless, the charge was an interesting and Mrs. Fred Donath, and seven of the here is environment, and as both the approaches. The Second Century Fund challenge, so when Jack told me that brightest young scientists have now committee and Council realized, suc- is absolutely essential to ensure that my committee colleagues were to be been recipients. cess would necessarily require both new initiatives for the 21st century can Paul Hoffman, Sue Kieffer, Chris Short courses drew the attention of education and training. IEE was take root and flourish, while at the Scotese, and Ed Stolper, I felt that our the committee. Our science “is chang- founded in 1991 with Fred Donath as same time GSA’s traditional activities report might stand a chance to be ing so rapidly that professional educa- its first director, and like SAGE, IEE has can continue to grow. Although the given serious consideration. I accepted tion should be an important part of the been enthusiastically received. Under response from major individual donors, the charge and the challenge. program of meetings. Equally impor- the leadership of its new program man- companies, and foundations has been The committee met; we brain- tant, judicious choice of short course ager Dan Sarewitz, IEE is growing very gratifying, it is the participation of stormed, we argued, we discussed, and topics at annual meetings can attract rapidly in size and effectiveness. members during this campaign that we wrote a bare-bones report that was colleagues from different disciplines to Indeed, so successful have SAGE, IEE, will determine our final success. Will presented to the Council of the Society work together to produce the course, and other recent initiatives of the Soci- GSA be able to do all that it should do in May 1987. Fortunately, our Society and students become exposed to these ety been that the headquarters building for science and society? In the final has been graced by a succession of offi- areas of research through GSA activity.” has had to be expanded in order to analysis, this can only be answered by cers and councilors who could take our The short courses were started the year accommodate the growing staff. the contributions and pledges of each rough suggestions and select what after the report, and they play an There were many additional sug- and every GSA member. ■ seemed to be practical and plausible in important and growing role in Society gestions in the Path to 2000 report— order to start to prepare the Society for activities. the 21st century. Now, a little more One can argue quite correctly that than halfway through the 12-year the items I have mentioned—publica- period specified by Jack Oliver, it is tion, an award, short courses—are interesting to look back and see what hardly bold moves. True enough, but SECOND CENTURY FUND effect the report of the Year 2000 Com- many bold moves were suggested, and mittee has had and what suggestions two, so far, have borne fruit. The first have been implemented. was a recommendation for “the estab- EARTH ◆ EDUCATION ◆ ENVIRONMENT Many of the suggestions made by lishment of a public education office at the committee grew out of concerns GSA headquarters, staffed by a distin- MEMBERSHIP GOAL and ideas expressed by members of the guished earth scientist.” The goals of Society—the ground had already been the education office would be “to $1.5 MILLION tilled and was ready for a favorable develop and support educational pro- reception of committee recommenda- grams at all levels,” and specifically: tions. One such recommendation was “1. To further an awareness of the SECTION GOALS for a new publication (called Publica- earth sciences in an increasingly tion X in the report). Such a publica- technical society; CORDILLERAN NORTH-CENTRAL NORTHEASTERN tion would provide “a regular forum 2. To foster an interest in and appre- $465,000 $170,000 $265,000 for communication of substantial infor- ciation of the natural world; mation [among] members, and 3. To provide educational material to ROCKY MOUNTAIN SOUTH-CENTRAL SOUTHEASTERN between [GSA] and members. Contri- all sectors and all age levels of the $225,000 $165,000 $210,000 butions could include timely review public; articles, national and international 4. To provide a resource to which news of interest to earth scientists, teachers at all levels can turn for summaries of meetings, announce- educational materials, including ments of meetings, announcements of written, video, and film material.” Donors to the Foundation, August 1995

Birdsall Fund Second Century Fund John W. Mason* Franklin D. Patton Elwood Atherton Garry Maurath GSA Foundation Charles Woodruff, Jr. Arten J. Avakian Andrew J. Meigs 3300 Penrose Place Barbara Bekins* Allison R. Palmer* Doris M. Curtis Memorial Russell H. Campbell Claire A. Richardson P.O. Box 9140 Dr. & Mrs. Grover E. Murray* John J. Chapman Daniel R. Shawe* Boulder, CO 80301 (In memory of John E. Armstrong, Drew M. Clemens Eugene M. Shoemaker Albert E. J. Engel, Kalervo (303) 447-2020 G. Arthur Cooper* Laurence L. Sloss* Rankama, Donald D. Utterback, Charles S. Denny Gary F. Stoney* and Lawrence McKinley Gould) Enclosed is my contribution in the amount of $______for the Second Century Department of Energy* William Thordarson Fund. GEOSTAR Julie J. Dieu Othmar T. and My gift is part of a total pledge of $______to be paid in ___ additional annual Charles F. Bisbee Thomas W. Dignes M. Kathryn Tobisch* Robert F. Dymek Stephen J. Urbanik installments. John T. Dillon Rudolph E. Edmund Jane H. Wallace* Alaska Research Fund Please add my name to the Century Plus Roster (gifts of $150 or more). James D. Garry Charles F. Bisbee Unrestricted—Foundation Edward E. Geary* Charles F. Bisbee PLEASE PRINT Minority Patrick J. Gleason John E. Frost Florian Maldonado Robert B. Hall Karl A. Mertz Name ______Pembroke J. Hart* Penrose Conferences Herbert Skolnick Karen G. Havholm Exxon Production Research Address ______Thomas L. Holzer Unrestricted—GSA Company* Patricia H. Kelley* Rudolf A. Gees* City/State/ZIP ______Research Lois S. Kent* David Jon Furbish Frederick L. Klinger Phone ______Henry G. Siegrist, Jr. Keith A. Kvenvolden* *Gifts of $150 or more WMX Technologies, Inc. Neil Lundberg* (Century Plus Roster).

224 GSA TODAY, November 1995 Preliminary Announcement and Call for Papers 8. Historical Perspectives on Premeeting Mid-Continent Geology. Wayne I. 1. Greenfield Quadrangle— Anderson, Department of Earth Sci- Revisited (1 day). Gerald A. Miller, ences, University of Northern Iowa, Agronomy Department, Iowa State NORTH-CENTRAL SECTION, GSA Cedar Falls, IA 50614, (319) 273-2759, University, Ames, IA 50011-1010, fax 319-273-7124, E-mail: wayne. (515) 294-1923, fax 515-294-3163, [email protected]. 30th Annual Meeting E-mail: [email protected]; Thomas E. 9. Geology and General Education Fenton, Agronomy Department, Iowa (cosponsored by NAGT). Robert Ames, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1010, Corbett, Department of Geography- (515) 294-2414, fax 515-294-3163; May 2–3, 1996 Geology, Illinois State University, Nor- E-mail: [email protected]. mal, IL 61790-4400, (309) 438-7649, 2. Mid-Cretaceous Fluvial Deposits fax 309-438-5310, E-mail: rcorbett@ of the Eastern Margin Western rs6000.cmp.ilstu.edu. he Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences of Iowa State Interior Basin: Nishnabotna 10. Undergraduate Research University at Ames will host the 30th Annual Meeting of the North-Central Member, Dakota Formation T Results. Robert W. Baker and Sam Section of the Geological Society of America. The meeting will be held on campus (1 day). Brian J. Witzke, Iowa Huffman, Department of Plant and in the Scheman Building. Scientific sessions will begin at 8:00 a.m. on Thursday, Department of Natural Resources— Earth Science, University of Wisconsin, May 2, and will end at 5:00 p.m. Friday, May 3. Societies that will meet in con- Geological Survey Bureau, Iowa City, River Falls, WI 54022, (715) 425-3345, junction with the North-Central Section of GSA include the North-Central Sec- IA 52242-1319, (319) 335-1575, fax fax 715-425-3785; E-mail: samuel. tion of the Paleontological Society, the Great Lakes Section of SEPM, and the 319-335-2754, E-mail: bwitzke@ [email protected]; Robert D. Shuster, Central Section of the National Association of Geology Teachers. gsbth-po.igsb.uiowa.edu; Greg A. Department of Geography and Geol- Ludvigson, Iowa Department of ogy, 260 Durham Science Center, Uni- Natural Resources—Geological Survey CALL FOR PAPERS 2. Ground-water Consultants’ versity of Nebraska—Omaha, Omaha, Bureau, Iowa City, IA 52242-1319, Technical sessions will include all Symposium: Role of Geology in NE 68182-0199, (402) 554-2457, fax (319) 335-1761, fax 319-335-2754, topics listed on the GSA abstract form. the Characterization and Remedi- 402-554-3518, E-mail: bshuster@ E-mail: [email protected]. Papers, poster sessions, theme sessions, ation of Contaminated Sites (Joint cwis.unomaha.edu. uiowa.edu. and symposia on these and other sub- with Great Lakes SEPM). Roger Bruner, 11. Geomicrobiology: From Basic jects (including all symposia listed Foth and Van Dyke Inc., 10340 Viking Science to Implications for During Meeting below) are solicited. Special sessions Dr., Suite 100, Eden Prairie, MN 55344, Bioremediation (Joint with Great (Friday afternoon) focused on specific themes or subjects (612) 942-0396, fax 612-942-0865, Lakes SEPM). Blythe Hoyle, Depart- 3. Hydrogeology and Water Qual- will also be arranged by the local pro- E-mail: [email protected]; Doug Con- ment of Geological and Atmospheric ity of the Walnut Creek Water- gram committee after review of the nell, Barr Engineering, Minneapolis, Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, shed (1/2 day). William W. Simpkins, abstracts. The time usually allotted for Minnesota, E-mail: [email protected]. IA 50011-3212, (515) 294-6583, fax Department of Geological and Atmo- oral presentations will be 15 minutes 3. Robert V. Ruhe Symposium: 515-294-6049, E-mail: blhoyle@ spheric Sciences, Iowa State University, followed by 5 minutes for discussion. Recent Research in Soil Science iastate.edu; Pedro Alvarez, Department Ames, IA 50011-3212, (515) 294-7814, and Quaternary Geology in of Civil and Environmental Engineer- fax 515-294-6049, E-mail: bsimp@ REGISTRATION the Mid-Continent. Tom Fenton, ing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA iastate.edu; Michael R. Burkart, USDA- Preregistration Deadline: Department of Agronomy, Iowa State 52242, (319) 335-5065, E-mail: ARS, National Soil Tilth Laboratory, March 29, 1996 University, Ames, IA 50011-1010, [email protected]. Ames, IA 50011, (515) 294-5809, (515) 294-2414, fax 515-294-3517, 12. Recent Studies of Precambrian fax 515-294-8125, E-mail: mburkart@ Preregistration by mail will be E-mail: [email protected]; Gerry Geology in the Mid-Continent. iastate.edu; James M. Eidem, Depart- handled by the Geological Society of Miller, Department of Agronomy, Iowa Raymond R. Anderson, Geological ment of Geological and Atmospheric America Meetings Department, P.O. State University, Ames, IA 50011-1010, Survey Bureau, Iowa DNR, Iowa City, Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140. (515) 294-1923, fax 515-294-3517, IA 52242-1319, (319) 335-1575, fax IA 50011-3212, (515) 294-9672; On-site registration will be held in E-mail: [email protected]; Carolyn 319-335-2754, E-mail: randerson@ Beth L. Johnson, 3030 Irving Ave. S., the Scheman Center for Continuing Olson, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68508-3866, gsbth-po.igsb.uiowa.edu; Kenneth E. Apt. 313, Minneapolis, MN 55408, Education on the campus of Iowa State (402) 437-5423, fax 402-437-5336, Windom, Department of Geological (612) 825-1802. University. E-mail: [email protected]. and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State Please take advantage of the lower Postmeeting 4. Subduction Zone Magmatism. University, Ames, IA 50011-3212, registration fees and register by 4. Hogs, Bogs, and Logs: Quater- James Walker, Department of Geology, (515) 294-2430, fax 515-294-6049, March 29. Preregistration fees will be nary Deposits and Environmental Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL E-mail: [email protected]. $50 for professional GSA members, or Geology of the Des Moines Lobe 60115-1943, (815) 753-7936, fax 815- 13. Long–term Effect of Mass members of associated societies partici- (2 days). E. Art Bettis III, Debra J. 753-1945, E-mail: [email protected]; Extinction. Patricia E. Kelley, Depart- pating in this meeting, and $15 for Quade, Carol A. Thompson, Robert D. Shanaka L. de Silva, Department of ment of Geology and Geological Engi- GSA student members. For those not Libra, Iowa Department of Natural Geography and Geology, Indiana State neering, University of North Dakota, affiliated with GSA or associated soci- Resources—Geological Survey Bureau, University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, Grand Forks, ND 58202, (701) eties, preregistration will be $55 for Iowa DNR, Iowa City, IA 52242-1319, (812) 237-2269, fax 812-237-8029, 777-2380, fax 701-777-4449, E-mail: professionals, $20 for students, and $15 (319) 335-1575, fax 319-335-2754, E-mail: [email protected]. [email protected]; for K–12 teachers. On-site registration E-mail: [email protected]. 5. Mesozoic Paleoenvironments of Joanne Kluessendors, 116 West will be $10 more for professionals and edu; Timothy J. Kemmis, Rust Environ- the North America Western Inte- McHenry St., Urbana, IL 61801, students. ment and Infrastructure, Sheboygan, rior (Joint with Great Lakes SEPM). (217) 367-5916. GSA is committed to making every Wisconsin, (414) 451-2657, fax 414- Greg Ludvigson, Geological Survey 14. The Geology of Early event at the 1996 North-Central Sec- 458-0550; Thomas E. Fenton, Agron- Bureau, Iowa DNR, Iowa City, IA Hominids. James L. Aronson, tion Meeting accessible to all people omy Department, Iowa State Univer- 52242-1319, (319) 335-1761, fax 319- Department of Geological Sciences, interested in attending. If you have sity, Ames, IA 50011-1010, (515) 335-2754, E-mail: gregory-ludvigson@ Case Western Reserve University, 10900 special requirements, such as an inter- 294-2414, fax 515-294-3163, uiowa.edu; Brian J. Witzke, Department Euclid Ave., A.W. Smith #112, Cleve- preter or wheelchair accessibility, there E-mail: [email protected]. of Geology, University of Iowa, Iowa land, OH 44106-7216; Carl F. Vondra, will be space to indicate this on the 5. Jurassic-age Gypsum Deposits City, IA 52242-1319, (319) 335-1761, Department of Geological and Atmo- registration form, or you can call Carl F. of North-Central Iowa (1 day). fax 319-335-2754, E-mail: spheric Sciences, Iowa State University, Vondra at (515) 294-4477. If possible, Robert D. Cody, Department of Geolog- [email protected]; Carl F. Ames, IA 50011, (515) 294-4477, please let us know by March 29, 1996. ical and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa Vondra, Department of Geological fax 515-294-6049, E-mail: dfrisk@ Abstracts may be purchased with State University, Ames, IA 50011, (515) and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State iastate.edu. your GSA membership or on-site in the 294-1714, fax 515-294-6049, E-mail: University, Ames, IA 50011-3212, registration area. Cost for the abstracts [email protected]. (515) 294-4477, fax 515-294-6049, SHORT COURSE volume will be announced later. E-mail: [email protected]. 1. AutoCAD for Geologists. A two- POSTER SESSIONS 6. Edge-wise Conglomerates (Joint day workshop to be held Saturday and SYMPOSIA Students and professionals are with Great Lakes SEPM). Roger Bain, Sunday following the meeting. Fee: The following symposia have been encouraged to take advantage of this Department of Geology, University of $50, including two box lunches. Carl E. organized. Authors are encouraged to effective means of presentation. Akron, Akron, OH 44325-4101, (216) Jacobson, Department of Geological contact the individual symposium Please indicate Poster Session on the 972-7659, fax 216-972-6990, E-mail: and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State organizers for information. GSA abstract form. Each poster booth [email protected]. University, Ames, IA 50011-3212, (515) 1. Applications of Hydrogeology will contain a 4' high × 8' wide board 7. Earth Science Educators and 294-4480, fax 515-294-6049, E-mail: in Agricultural Water Quality arranged at table height. Poster sessions National Standards. Tim Cooney, [email protected]. Studies. William W. Simpkins, Depart- will be located in the area near exhibits Department of Earth Sciences, Uni- ment of Geological and Atmospheric and will be available for viewing for versity of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, FIELD TRIPS Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, one-half day. IA 50614, (319) 273-2918, fax 319- The field trip coordinator is IA 50011-3212, (515) 294-7814, fax Undergraduate students are espe- 273-7124, E-mail: timothy.cooney@ William W. Simpkins, Department of 515-294-6049, E-mail: bsimp@ cially encouraged to submit posters for uni.edu; Frederick P. DeLuca, Depart- Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, iastate.edu; George R. Hallberg, symposium 10. Please contact one of the ment of Geological and Atmospheric Iowa State University, Ames, IA University of Iowa Hygienic Labora- organizers listed for more information. Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011-3212, (515) 294-7814, fax 515- tory, 102 Oakdale Campus, University IA 50010-3212, (515) 294-7254, fax 294-6049, E-mail: [email protected]. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-5002, 515-294-6049, E-mail: fpdeluca@ (319) 335-4500, fax 319-335-4600, iastate.edu. E-mail: [email protected]. North-Central continued on p. 226

GSA TODAY, November 1995 225 North-Central continued from p. 225 to the symposia, technical, and poster sessions. Exhibit space must be reserved ORDER FORM—1996 GSA Abstracts with Programs ABSTRACTS by February 23, 1996. For further infor- Abstracts must be submitted mation, contact Scott Thieben, Depart- For advance-copy purchases of GSA Abstracts with Programs, use this form and submit by the deadline listed for each section (deadlines vary). Prepayment is required. Members, camera-ready on official GSA abstract ment of Geological and Atmospheric check your records to make sure that you have not previously purchased any of these forms in accordance with instructions Sciences, 253 Science I, Iowa State publications on either your dues statement or through Publication Sales. No refunds for on the forms. Abstract forms are avail- University, Ames, IA 50011-3212, duplicate orders. The Abstracts with Programs books will be mailed about three weeks able from: Abstracts Coordinator, (515) 294-9686, fax 515-294-6049, prior to the meeting. Geological Society of America, P.O. E-mail: [email protected]. Meeting Deadline Price Quantity Amount Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140; Southeastern 1/3/96 $12 $ (303) 447-2020, E-mail: ncarlson@ SOCIAL EVENTS Northeastern 1/8/96 $12 $ geosociety.org; or from Kenneth E. A welcoming reception will be Windom, North-Central Program held on Wednesday, May 1, 1996. The South-Central 1/11/96 $12 $ Coordinator, Department of Geological annual banquet will be held Thursday, Cordilleran 2/15/96 $12 $ and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State May 2, preceded by a social hour begin- Rocky Mountain 2/19/96 $12 $ University, Ames, IA 50011-3212, ning at 6:00 p.m. A special address will North-Central 2/29/96 $12 $ (515) 294-2430, E-mail: kewindom@ be given by Gordon P. Eaton, Director Annual Meeting (Denver) 8/15/96 $24 $ iastate.edu. Forms are also available of the U.S. Geological Survey, following Total $ from GSA campus representatives at the banquet in Benton Auditorium. most colleges and universities and from The address will be open to all regis- SHIP TO: Check here if GSA Member. (Member # ______) symposium organizers. trants. All social events will be held Name ______in the Scheman Building. ABSTRACTS DEADLINE: Address ______Spouse and guest activities will January 17, 1996 include visits to museums and other City______State ____ ZIP ______Daytime Phone ______Send one original and five copies local attractions in Ames, Des Moines, METHOD OF PAYMENT: to Kenneth E. Windom, GSA Program and other nearby communities. CHECK or MONEY ORDER (payable in U.S. funds on U.S. bank) Coordinator, Department of Geological A full list will be included in the Credit Card (Please print information) and Atmospheric Sciences, 253 Sci- final announcement. ence I, Iowa State University, Ames, The North-Central Section of MC VISA AmEx Diners (circle one) Exp. Date ______IA 50011-3212. Abstracts submitted for the Paleontological Society and the Card No. ______inclusion in symposia should be sent National Association of Geology Teach- directly to the symposium organizer ers will hold separate luncheons on Signature of Cardholder ______listed first above for each symposium. Thursday, May 2, at 12:00 noon. The TO PLACE YOUR ORDER BY MAIL: All abstracts will be reviewed for North-Central GSA Campus Represen- Send this form to GSA Publication Sales, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140 informative content, proper format, tatives will hold a breakfast on Friday, TO ORDER BY PHONE OR FAX using a major credit card and originality. Contributors desiring May 3, at 7:00 a.m. fax (24 hour line): 303-447-1133; or acknowledgment of receipt of their phone (303) 447-2020 or 1-800-472-1988 (8:00 to 4:30 MST) abstract should include a stamped, HOUSING self-addressed envelope or postcard. Blocks of rooms have been ON-SITE PURCHASES may be made in the registration area. Supplies are limited. Authors will be notified of acceptance reserved in several motels near the Due to prohibitive postal costs and delays in overseas mailings, this offer for the advance copies is for U.S., Canada, and well in advance of the meeting. Iowa State Center for the dates of the Mexico only. meeting. Registrants are responsible STUDENT PAPERS AND for making their own housing arrange- TRAVEL ASSISTANCE ments directly with the participating The North-Central Section of GSA motels. A list of names, telephone GSA SECTION MEETINGS — 1996 will award $75 for each of the eight numbers, and room rates will be papers judged best whose principal available in the February 1996 SOUTH-CENTRAL SECTION ROCKY MOUNTAIN SECTION author and presenter is a graduate or issue of GSA Today. March 11–12, 1996 April 18–19, 1996 undergraduate student. Abstracts of University of Texas, Austin, Texas Rapid City Civic Center, papers submitted for consideration for TRAVEL ARRANGEMENTS Rapid City, South Dakota these awards should be so indicated on Iowa State University is near I-35 Abstract Deadline: the abstract form. In addition, awards and U.S. Hwy 30. Major commercial November 20, 1995 Abstract Deadline: for travel assistance of up to $200 may airlines serve Des Moines International Submit completed abstracts to: January 5, 1996 be made to students who are student Airport, located approximately 45 miles William F. Mullican, Bureau of Economic Submit completed abstracts to: Geology, University of Texas, University members of the North-Central Section from campus. Ames Municipal Airport Alvis L. Lisenbee, Department of Geology Station Box X, Austin, TX 78712, and Geological Engineering, South Dakota of GSA as of January 1, 1996. To be is an all-weather airport designed to (512) 471-1534, mullicanb@ School of Mines and Technology, 501 East eligible for a travel grant, the student accommodate general aviation, includ- begv.beg.utexas.edu St. Joseph St., Rapid City, SD 57701-3995, must present a paper (oral or poster) ing small corporate jets. Bus service (605) 394-2463 for which he or she is author or co- directly into Ames is provided by both author. Applications for travel assis- Greyhound and Jefferson bus lines. SOUTHEASTERN SECTION CORDILLERAN SECTION tance awards may be obtained by March 14–15, 1996 April 22–24, 1996 writing to the General Chair, Carl F. PARKING Ramada Plaza Hotel, Jackson, Mississippi Red Lion Hotel at Lloyd Center, Vondra, Department of Geological The Scheman Center for Continu- Abstract Deadline: Portland, Oregon and Atmospheric Sciences, 253 Sci- ing Education has 100 parking spaces November 15, 1995 Abstract Deadline: ence I, Iowa State University, Ames, immediately adjacent to the building. Submit completed abstracts to: December 28, 1995 IA 50011-3212 or by calling (515) An additional 900 spaces are available Darrel Schmitz, Department of Geo- Submit completed abstracts to: 294-4477. Applications for travel assis- in the surrounding Iowa State center sciences, Mississippi State University, P.O. Richard Thoms, Department of Geology, tance must be received no later than complex. There is no charge for park- Box 5448, Mississippi State, MS 39762, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, February 16, 1996. ing in any of these locations. (601) 325-2904 Portland, OR 97207-0751, (503) 725-3379

PROJECTION EQUIPMENT DETAILED INFORMATION NORTHEASTERN SECTION NORTH-CENTRAL SECTION Two standard 35 mm carousel pro- Meeting functions will be held in March 21–23, 1996 May 2–3, 1996 jectors for 2" × 2" slides and one over- the Scheman Continuing Education Hyatt Regency, Buffalo, New York Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa head projector for transparencies will Center on the campus of Iowa State Abstract Deadline: Abstract Deadline: be provided in each meeting room. University. Information concerning November 20, 1995 January 17, 1996 Please bring your own loaded carousel registration, hotel and motel accom- Submit completed abstracts to: Submit completed abstracts to: tray(s) identified with speaker’s name, modations, and activities will appear Charles E. Mitchell, Department of Geol- Kenneth E. Windom, Department of Geo- session, and speaker number to your in the February 1996 issue of GSA ogy, SUNY at Buffalo, 876 Natural Science logical and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa session room before the start of the ses- Today and in the North-Central Section and Mathematics Complex, Buffalo, NY State University, 253 Science I Building, sion. A speaker-ready room equipped Abstracts with Programs for 1996. 14260-3050, (716) 645-6800, glgchuck@ Ames, IA 50011-3210, (515) 294-2430, ubvms.cc.buffalo.edu [email protected] with projectors will be available for Symposia, short courses, and field trips review and practice. are in the planning stages, and further ✁ suggestions are welcome. More up-to- NORTH-CENTRAL SECTION date information can be found on the 1996 ABSTRACT FORM REQUEST BUSINESS MEETING World Wide Web at URL http:// The GSA North-Central Section www.public.iastate.edu/~geat/ncgsa/ To: GSA Abstracts Coordinator, P.O. Box Please send ___ copies of the 1996 GSA 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140 or abstract form. I understand that the same form Management Board will hold its busi- intro.html. Inquiries, additional infor- E-mail: [email protected] may be used for all 1996 GSA meetings. ness meeting with breakfast in the mation, requests, or helpful suggestions Scheman Center for Continuing Edu- should be directed to Carl F. Vondra, Name ______cation on May 2, 1996, at 7:00 a.m. GSA General Chair, 253 Science I, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3212, Address ______EXHIBITS (515) 294-4477, fax 515-294-6049, ______Exhibits of educational and com- E-mail: [email protected]. ■ mercial organizations will be on display City ______State______ZIP ______in the Scheman Building in proximity

226 GSA TODAY, November 1995 Final Announcement I.D. when registering on site will be An original and five copies of all required to pay the professional fee. abstracts (volunteered and invited) should be sent to Darrel Schmitz, Cancellations, Changes, Department of Geosciences, P.O. Box SOUTHEASTERN SECTION, GSA and Refunds 5448, Mississippi State University, Mis- sissippi State, MS 39762. We encourage All requests for registration addi- 45th Annual Meeting participants in symposia and theme tions, changes, and cancellations must sessions to send an extra copy to the be made in writing and received by Jackson, Mississippi convener of the session. Abstracts will February 13, 1996. GSA will refund or be reviewed for information content, March 14–15, 1996 ★ credit preregistration fees for cancella- format, and originality. GSA rules pro- tions received in writing by that date. hibit individuals from presenting more NO REFUNDS OR CREDITS WILL BE than one volunteered abstract, MADE ON CANCELLATION NOTICES he Southeastern Section of the Geological Society of America will although they can be coauthors on RECEIVED AFTER FEBRUARY 13, 1996. meet in Jackson, Mississippi. The meeting will be hosted by the Mississippi additional volunteered abstracts. T Refunds will be mailed from GSA after Mineral Resources Institute (University, Mississippi) and the Mississippi State Uni- Abstracts submitted for symposia are the meeting. Fees paid by credit card versity Department of Geosciences. not affected by this limitation. will be credited according to the card number on the preregistration form. CONTINUING EDUCATION There will be NO refunds for on-site SETTING dees, at the following rates: standard registratiuon and ticket sales. One short course, “Practical double (1 person)—$72; standard dou- Jackson, Mississippi’s State Capital, Aspects of Hydrogeology,” has been ble (2 persons)—$81; standard king (1 is located in the rolling plains of cen- On-Site planned for Saturday, March 16. or 2 persons)—$76.50. These rates are tral Mississippi. In March, the tempera- Registration Schedule: Instructors will be Paul E. Albertson, subject to 8% tax. Reserve your room tures are cool at night, but pleasingly Entrance to Display Hall M.S. C.P.G. and David M. Patrick, Ph.D. by phoning (601) 957-2800. warm during the day. It is an ideal time P.E. This course will present geohydro- Wed., Mar. 13, 4:30 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. of year to visit Jackson’s many attrac- logic data and methodologies for the REGISTRATION Thurs., Mar. 14, 7:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. tions or nearby cities. Points of interest assessment and mitigation of ground- Fri., Mar. 15, 7:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. include the Mississippi Museum of PREREGISTRATION DEADLINE: water problems at waste sites. The Natural Science, the Mississippi Agri- FEBRUARY 6, 1996 GSA is committed to making every course will address basic theory of cultural and Forestry Museum, and the event at the 1996 Southeastern Section ground-water flow, design of site Please preregister for lower registra- Mississippi Art Museum. Historic sites Meeting accessible to all people inter- exploration programs, drilling and tion fees and to assist the local commit- associated with the Civil War and State ested in attending. If you have special sampling, monitoring wells and tee in planning. On-site registration Government are plentiful. Vicksburg, requirements, such as an interpreter or collection of ground-water data, data will also be available. A reduced regis- Mississippi, known for its historic struc- wheelchair accessibility, please indicate presentation and analysis, computer tration fee is offered to students. Field tures, Civil War battlefields, and more this on the registration form in the application, and compliance issues. trip participants must register for the recently, its riverboat gambling, is only space provided. For more specific information, contact meeting. a 30-minute drive from Jackson. The Paul Albertson, U.S. Army Corps of Full payment must accompany Southeastern Section meeting will be ABSTRACTS Engineers, Waterways Experiment registration. Unpaid purchase orders held in the Ramada Plaza Hotel, conve- Station, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicks- are not accepted as valid registration. ABSTRACT DEADLINE: niently located near I-55. Interstate 20 burg, MS 39180-6199; (601) 634-3153. Charge cards are accepted as indicated November 15, 1995 also serves Jackson, and the beautiful on the preregistration form. If using a Natchez Trace Parkway provides a more Abstracts for all sessions must be FIELD TRIPS: charge card, please recheck the card scenic trip into the capital city. submitted camera-ready on official number given. Errors will delay your 1. Coastal Plain Stratigraphy and 1996 GSA abstract forms. These forms registration. The confirmation card will Fossil Collecting Localities in ACCOMMODATIONS are available from the Abstracts Coordi- be your receipt for all payments. No Central Mississippi. Wednesday, nator, Geological Society of America, A large block of rooms at the other receipt will be sent. March 13, $50/person. Buses will leave P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301; Ramada Plaza Hotel, the site of the Please register one professional or the conference hotel at 8:00 a.m. Con- (303) 447-2020; E-mail: ncarlson@ meeting, has been reserved for atten- student per form. Students must show tact David T. Dockery, III, Mississippi geosociety.org. a current I.D. in order to obtain student Office of Geology, P.O. Box 20307, Jack- rates. Students not having a current son, MS 39289-1307, (601) 354-6328, for more information. 2. Cretaceous Chalk with Waste Disposal Applications. Saturday, March 16 and half day Sunday, REGISTRATION FEES March 17; $70/person. This trip will Advance (by 2/6/95) On-site emphasize the stratigraphy at active Full Meeting One day Full Meeting One day and proposed waste disposal sites. You will visit an active mine to examine Professional––Member $65 $40 $75 $40 fresh exposures. Contact Darrel Schmitz, Department of Geosciences, Professional—Nonmember $70 $50 $80 $50 P.O. Box 5448, Mississippi State Univer- Student––Member $20 $15 $25 $15 sity, Mississippi State, MS 39762; (601) Student––Nonmember $23 $20 $28 $20 325-2904. K–12 Professional $20 N/A $25 N/A Guest/Spouse $12 N/A $15 N/A Southeastern continued on p. 228

RAMADA HOTEL Special requests I-55 at County Line Road ¥ P.O. Box 12710 ¥ Jackson, MS 39236-2710 (Special requests filled as received. No special request is ever guaranteed.) (601) 957-2800 ¥ (800) 227-5489 ¥ fax 601-957-3191 ______Room Preference: Smoking Non-smoking PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE: Number of Rooms Requested Name ______Standard Room (two double beds) King Size Room Arrival Date: ______No. of nights ______Single Double Triple Quad Single Double

Convention or group ______No. in party ______Guaranteed by the following: Credit Card No. ______Type of Card______Address ______Name ______Expiration Date ______City/State ______ZIP ______OR Phone Number (home) ______(work) ______Advance Deposit Enclosed for: $______(list amount) Sharing with ______Suites are available by calling the hotel directly. Reservations must be received at least two (2) weeks prior to the convention date, otherwise, following morining. It also means you will be billed for the first night’s room rental if the they will be subject to availability. You may call in your reservations to our office reservation is not cancelled. Check out time is 1:00 p.m. This reservation will not be honored for MondayÐFriday, 8 a.m.Ð5 p.m. All reservations must be guaranteed by a deposit or credit card. persons under 21 years of age, unless accompanied by parents. Occupancy cannot be A guaranteed payment on your room will assure you that a room will be held for the day of guaranteed until 3 p.m. on the day of arrival. arrival only. Should you not arrive, the room will become available for resale at 7 a.m., on the

GSA TODAY, November 1995 227 THEME SESSIONS GSA Southeastern Section 1. Engineering and Preregistration Form Environmental Geology Preregistration deadline is February 6, 1996. Jackson, Mississippi ¥ April 14Ð15, 1996 2. Coal/Economic Geology 3. Structure/Tectonics Please print clearly ¥ THIS AREA IS FOR YOUR BADGE (______)______-______4. Paleontology Business Phone I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 5. Mineralogy/Petrology Name as it should appear on your badge (last name first) (______)______-______6. Computer Applications fax I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I in Geology Employer/University Affiliation (______)______-______7. Hydrogeology Home Phone I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 8. Quaternary Geology/ City State or Country Geomorphology Please indicate if you or your guest will 9. Stratigraphy/Sedimentology I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Mailing Address (use two lines if necessary) need services to accommodate a disability: 10. Marine Geology/Oceanography 11. Climatology/Meteorology I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Yes

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I POSTER SESSIONS City State ZIP Code Country (if other than USA) Four half-day poster sessions will Circle member affiliation (to qualify for registration member discount*): (A) GSA (B) SEPM (C) PS (D) NAGT (E) AWG be sponsored by the Council for Under- graduate Research and Sigma Gamma GUEST INFORMATION ¥ Please print clearly ¥ This area is for badge Epsilon. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Name as it should appear on your guest’s badge City/State or Country EARTH SCIENCE EDUCATION PROGRAMS REGISTRATION FEES: Full Meeting One Day Qty Amount Two half-day symposia are planned Professional Member* ...... ( 01) $65 ( 02) $75 1 $ ______for teachers in K–12 and freshman and Professional Nonmember ...... ( 03) $70 ( 04) $80 1 $ ______sophomore courses (See Symposia Student Member* ...... ( 05) $20 ( 06) $25 1 $ ______above). Student Nonmember ...... ( 07) $23 ( 08) $28 1 $ ______KÐ12 Professional ...... ( 42) $20 N/A 1 $ ______PROJECTION EQUIPMENT Guest/Spouse ...... ( 09) $12 N/A ____ $ ______All slides must be 2” × 2” and fit a *Member fee applies to any current professional OR Student Member of GSA. Discount does not apply to guest registrants. standard 35mm carousel tray. Please bring your own loaded carousel trays, SPECIAL EVENTS if possible. Two 35mm slide projectors Casino Trip to Vicksburg ...... March 14 ( 20) FREE n check here if you plan to attend and screens will be available for each (transportation fee to be paid on-site) oral technical session. Overhead projec- tors will be available only by prior arrangement. FIELD TRIPS 1. Coastal Plain Stratigraphy and Fossil Collecting...... March 13 (101) $ 50 $ ______EXHIBITS 2. Cretaceous Chalk with Waste Disposal Applications ...... March 16Ð17 (102) $ 70 $ ______Exhibit facilities for business, edu- cational, and governmental institutions CONTINUING EDUCATION will be located conveniently in the 1. Practical Aspects of Hydrogeology ...... March 16 (150) $150 1 $ ______Ramada Plaza Ballroom, adjacent to technical session rooms. Beverages will TOTAL FEES ...... $______be provided in the exhibit area for par- ticipants, and 24-hour security will be provided in the exhibit hall. Exhibits Remit in U.S. funds payable to: 1996 GSA Southeastern Section Meeting PREREGISTRATION DEADLINE — will be open all day Thursday and on (All preregistrations must be prepaid. Purchase Orders not accepted.) FEBRUARY 6, 1996 Friday morning. For further informa- CANCELLATION DEADLINE — tion and space reservations, contact Payment by (check one): Check American Express VISA MasterCard FEBRUARY 13, 1996 Steve Ingram, Mississippi Office of Geology, P.O. Box 20307, Jackson, MS FOR OFFICE USE I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 39289-1307, (601) 354-6328. Card Number A ______V ______M ______CK#______STUDENT TRAVEL GRANTS I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ⁄ I I DR CR Signature Expires Bal. A/R 1233 ______Limited funds for support of travel Ref. A/P 2006 ______expenses for students presenting papers ______at the meeting are available from the MAIL TO: GSA SOUTHEASTERN SECTION MEETING ______P.O. BOX 9140 GSA Southeastern Section. For informa- BOULDER, CO 80301 Refund ck# ______tion, contact Harold Stowell, Depart- ment of Geology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35486, (205) 348-5098. Travel grant requests must be Southeastern continued from p. 227 Geology, Ball State University, Muncie, and Paleogeography of the South- postmarked no later than March 1, IN 47306-0475, (317) 285-8267. east. Robert Self, Department of Geol- 1996. SYMPOSIA 6. Effective Teaching at the Intro- ogy, Geography and Physics, University ductory Level. Gail Russell, Depart- of Tennessee at Martin, Martin, TN SPECIAL EVENTS 1. The Alleghenian Orogeny in ment of Geology, University of South- 38238, (901) 587-7430. the Southern Appalachian Hin- In addition to the usual Jackson ern Mississippi, P.O. Box 5044, 11. Sequence Stratigraphy of terland. Gregory M. Guthrie, Geologi- entertainment, several special events Southern Station, Hattiesburg, MS Carbonate-Siliciclastic Strata, cal Survey of Alabama, P.O. Box O, are planned. For many, the welcoming 39406-5044, (601) 266-4077, E-mail: Eastern Gulf Coastal Plain. Tuscaloosa, AL 35486, (205) 349-2852. party is an event anticipated each year. [email protected]. Ernest Mancini, Geological Survey 2. Marine Geology. James L. Harding, This meeting will be no exception. An 7. Applied Paleontology. G. Lynn of Alabama, P.O. Box O, Tuscaloosa, P.O. Box 879, Richmond Hill, GA evening excursion to Vicksburg for Wingard, U.S. Geological Survey, AL 35486, (205) 349-2852. 31324, (917) 727-2519. riverboat gambling is planned. Please National Center, Mail Stop 970, Reston, 12. Renegade Tectonic Models and 3. Neotectonics of the Mississippi indicate your interest in this trip on the VA 22092, (703) 648-5352. Other Geologic Heresies: A Session Embayment. Roy Van Arsdale, preregistration form. There will be an 8. Alternate Strategies and Oppor- in Honor of Lynn Glover III. David Department of Geological Sciences, on-site charge for transportation. tunities for Geology Curricula in Valentino, Department of Physical 429 J.M. Smith Bldg., University of The featured exhibit at the Missis- Environmental Sciences. P. Geof- Sciences, Box 19, Concord College, Memphis, Memphis TN 38152, (901) sippi Museum of Art will be “Palaces frey Feiss, Department of Geology, Athens, WV 24712, (304) 384-5238, 678-4356; E-mail: rbvanarsdale@ of St. Petersburg: Russian Imperial CB3315 Mitchell Hall, University of E-mail: [email protected]. cc.memphis.edu. Style.” The museum has extended a North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC wvnet.edu; and Alexander Gates, 4. Atlantic and Gulf Coastal special invitation to conference partici- 27599-3315, (919) 966-0693. Department of Geology, Rutgers Plain—Differences in Stratigra- pants to view the exhibit, which will 9. The Effective Communication University, Newark, NJ 07102, (201) phy and Geologic Evolution. display the coronation throne of of Geological Data to Decision 648-5034, E-mail: agates@andromeda. Ervin G. Otvos, Gulf Coast Research Nicholas II, lapis lazuli furniture from Makers and the Public. Cragin rutgers.edu. Laboratory, P.O. Box 7000, Ocean the Lyon Room, and amber objects Knox, Mississippi Office of Geology, 13. Applied Geomorphology. Paul Springs, MS 39564-7000, (601) from the “missing” Amber Room of P.O. Box 20307, Jackson, MS Albertson, U.S. Army Corps of Engi- 872-4200. the Catherine Palace. ■ 39289-1307, (601) 961-5500. neers, Waterways Experiment Station, 5. Oligocene of the Eastern Gulf 10. Gravels to Loess: Tertiary to 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS Coast. Rick Fluegeman, Department of Quaternary Depositional Systems 39180-6199, (601) 634-3153.

228 GSA TODAY, November 1995 [was] October 14, 1995. At that time, • Arctic marine investigations— Geologic Division all employees in the Division who The high cost of these investigations [had] been retained were assigned and the lack of funds to support Reduction-in-Force to new organizational units in the them will result in a reduction in Division. research…. Efforts will continue, We received the article excerpted here on the recent U.S. Geological Survey reduction however, to conduct joint research in force from USGS sources. We are printing it as the first of several articles dealing GENERAL RIF STATISTICS projects where multiple parties can with the current state of the profession and how organizations such as the USGS contribute funding, personnel, and As of early August 1995, the Divi- are affected. This article reminds us all of how appropriate it is for those in the logistical support. sion had 2,190 employees. Distribution geosciences to be cognizant not only of the outstanding research contributions of • Gas geochemistry laboratories— by region was: the Geologic Division of the Survey over the past century but also of the necessity The work conducted by the USGS to adopt a unified effort in raising the visibility of our science and its contributions Eastern Region gas labs in Denver on environmental to society. Permanent: 517 radionuclides … though of high —Donald M. Davidson, Jr., Executive Director, GSA Other: 88 quality, has been deemphasized. Central Region The labs lack, therefore, sufficient Permanent: 599 funds for continued operation and BACKGROUND still inadequate to cure the financial Other: 67 maintenance. problem that the Division faced. From The U.S. Geological Survey’s recent Western Region • Paleontological research and 1990 to 1994, the Division had annu- Reduction in Force (RIF) in the Geo- Permanent: 746 taxonomy—[F]ewer paleontologists ally considered the advisability of a RIF, logic Division was made necessary by Other: 173 [will be employed in the Division], … but had declined to take this … drastic insufficient funds to support operating [but] paleontological capabilities are step until, by 1995, the cumulative The RIF … result[ed] in separation expenses for program activities. The being retained in high-priority areas. effects of the budgetary restrictions left of approximately 345 permanent funding shortfall was not simply the no alternative. employees and 180 nonpermanent result of program cuts in the past year FUTURE DIRECTIONS employees. The number of separations or two or even of anticipated budget THE REDUCTION IN FORCE is a maximum … as some employees Though there is a natural tendency reductions in the 1996 fiscal year. For PROCESS are finding new Federal positions to dwell on what is lost when a nega- nearly a decade, the Division budget through outplacement programs. In tive event like a RIF takes place, we (in constant dollars) has been declining The RIF process in the Survey’s addition to separations, the RIF … also need to look at what is left in place steadily, while salaries (with increases Geologic Division began in March result[ed] in about 100 demotions after a RIF. A great deal, in fact, has repeatedly authorized, but not funded, 1995, and [was] not … fully completed and 100 reassignments…. been left in place in the Geologic by Congress) and other fixed costs, until October…. The first task was to Division and it covers a far wider spec- such as space rental, utilities, and ser- assign all positions in the Division NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF trum of the solid-earth sciences than vice contracts, have been going steadily to “competitive levels.” This required THE RIF that which was cut. upward. Operating expenses have grouping together all positions in a The Division has been reduced dropped from a level of 20–25% of local commuting area which were in … Both bureau and Division man- from approximately 2,200 employees total program funds, the amount neces- the same grade and classification series, agement understand and appreciate the to approximately 1,600 …, [but it] will sary to conduct necessary field and and which were similar enough in many outstanding contributions to the now have adequate funds to conduct laboratory research, to only 5–10% duties, qualification requirements, USGS and the Nation made by the its work for the first time in a decade. and, in parts of the organization, funds pay schedules, and working conditions, many individuals affected by the RIF. In the long run, the Division will not were insufficient to pay salaries. By so that the incumbent of any position Their efforts, during less uncertain and be weaker, it will be a great deal 1994, escalating salary costs exceeded could be assigned to any number of financially stronger times, made solid stronger. The net effect of the RIF, 60% of total funds, despite the fact that research positions, many of which are contributions to the earth sciences and therefore, will, insofar as the future is a severely curtailed hiring policy for highly specialized and unique and, clearly helped establish and nurture the concerned, be positive…. Though the scientists and the termination of thus, in single-position competitive reputation of the USGS…. As a result Geologic Division retained the cream almost all temporary workers had levels…. of the loss of highly skilled and experi- of its research staff, there were very reduced the Division work force by Concurrently with determining enced individuals, the Division will few technicians left to support field more than 1,000 employees in only competitive levels, National Program lose some technical and research capa- and laboratory studies, thus reducing ten years. Plans and accompanying program bilities. It will seek to offset those losses its effectiveness and efficiency to As early as 1988, the Chief staffing plans were developed and by maintaining and/or building the accomplish mission objectives. With Geologist had searched for ways to alle- reviewed by committees consisting of necessary skills most germane to the additional operational funds, the viate the budget squeeze. There was a scientific and support staff. At the same priority scientific activities that will be Division will be able to improve these constant pursuit of new funds from time, the Division prepared a reorgani- continuing or that will be required in ratios, and by reestablishing our post- both direct Congressional appropria- zation plan that regionalizes program the near future. Some of the losses will doctoral program, will be able to pro- tions and reimbursable sources, but operations and management in order be addressed through contracting on vide creative new staff with fresh these efforts were only minimally suc- to better address customer require- an “as needed” basis or through the ideas and approaches…. [S]eparated cessful, in part because of the relatively ments and the evolving nature of hiring of temporary staff, particularly employees who were eligible to retire lower priority that many Division pro- our scientific programs. post-doctoral scientists. Some examples will also be eligible to participate in a grams had within the Department of In May and early June, these plans of losses include: continuing highly successful emeritus the Interior and in part because most were finalized and … of selected posi- program. other Federal agencies were also experi- tions from the existing staffing list TECHNICAL As the Geologic Division looks encing funding restrictions and had that were required in the new program • Analytical chemistry—The bureau- to the future, it is excited by the oppor- limited funds to pass on. Many of the staffing plans [were selected]. Those wide Analytical Chemistry Services tunities that lie ahead to meet the principal issues the Geologic Division positions not selected were subse- Group will be eliminated…. Some Nation’s needs for earth-science infor- has worked on traditionally are much quently abolished. In addition, the program-specific techniques will be mation. To meet these needs, the less important now than they were in reorganization called for the abolish- maintained, but most whole rock x- Bureau is developing a strategic plan the past … for example, a profound ment of a number of existing positions ray analytical analyses, for example, that will be [a] long-range comprehen- and widespread reduction in domestic and the establishment of a number will be terminated. sive approach to its future endeavors. energy and mineral exploration…. of new positions not present in the • Geochronology—The Division will As a part of the strategic plan, the The funding problem was exacer- existing organization. Positions not discontinue its calculation of routine Geologic Division is changing the bated when Congress passed the Bud- included in the new staffing plans were C-14 age determination…. direction of many of its programs get Enforcement Act in 1990 which set abolished and the incumbents of those • Text editing and graphics prepara- in anticipation of increased public tight limits on Federal funding levels in positions competed through the RIF tion— … Programs will be directly demand for the unbiased, high-quality an effort to contain the expanding process for encumbered and vacant responsible for funding most publica- products that it can provide. Some national budget deficit. It was recently positions. tion costs and many publication important new directions include further impacted by the decision of The process of determining functions will be contracted to the 1) increased emphasis on the under- both the Administration and the U.S. employees’ RIF assignment rights was private sector rather than maintain- standing and mitigation of urban geo- Congress to reduce significantly the conducted during July 1995…. In gen- ing in-house staff. logic hazards, 2) the characterization size of the Federal workforce. eral, the process consists of reviewing and remediation of abandoned mine To reduce the spiraling payroll the qualifications of all employees RESEARCH LOSSES lands, 3) a response to increased costs, the Division undertook several released from their competitive level demand for natural resources to meet cost-cutting measures, including allow- against all encumbered and vacant • Rhenium-osmium isotopic analysis the needs of a growing population, ing early retirement, replacing resigned positions to determine the best possible and age determinations—Though the 4) increased marine and coastal studies and retired employees on a very limited reassignment. Determination of which USGS has pioneered the develop- with an expanded effort to make the basis, encouraging the transfer of quali- employees will be separated from the ment of this … technique, its high resulting scientific information readily fied individuals to positions in the Federal service is judged by comparing cost and limited utility do not … available to users, 5) increased research Water Resources Division, and consid- available positions with employees’ match existing program needs suffi- efforts toward greater understanding eration of a furlough (which was not qualifications and their retention ciently to warrant its continuation. of surficial geological processes, and carried out because it did not represent standing as specified by RIF regulation. • Development of ore deposit 6) studies to better understand the a long-term solution to the underlying Individuals who were impacted by models—… Because of the relevance geologic influences in sources of our problem). In addition, the Division par- the RIF, whether through separation, of this activity to understanding the Nation’s drinking water supply. ticipated in three Federal government demotion, or change in assignment, nature of environmental contamina- To achieve the objectives of these “buy-outs” in 1994 and 1995 that were notified of the proposed action tion and the remediation of aban- new program directions, the Geologic resulted in the voluntary separation of between August 7 and August 14…. doned mine sites, research in this 400 employees. But the salary savings The effective date for RIF actions, area will be continued, but at a sig- realized from all of these actions were including separation of employees, nificantly reduced level. Reduction continued on p. 230

GSA TODAY, November 1995 229 BOOK REVIEWS

Paleomagnetism of the Atlantic, Tethyan realm. The book will prove ciated reference directions (Chapter 2) some geopolitical and others emphasiz- Tethys, and Iapetus Oceans. Rob useful to a broad community, from and different components of continen- ing environmental science, has recently Van der Voo. Cambridge University Press, structural geologists dealing with the tal lithosphere, emphasizing the impor- crossed my desk. This volume, written Cambridge, UK, 1993, $89.95. evolution of many orogenic belts to tance of and differences between scales by a former director of the Geological paleontologists and plate reconstruc- of paleomagnetic investigations (Chap- Survey of Egypt, differs in that a third rom a slow and perhaps tumul- tionists interpreting the history of ter 3). Together, these chapters demon- of the contents is devoted to the recent tuous beginning about half a F Earth. For those readers who are inter- strate to the reader the overall reliabil- geological history of the River Nile. century ago, the study of the paleo- ested in a true “nuts and bolts” treatise ity of the paleomagnetic database and This section sets the tone for a wider magnetism of relatively old (i.e., on many of the practical and pertinent set the stage for subsequent detailed discussion of the river’s hydrology and pre–Brunhes chron) rocks has substan- details of paleomagnetism, this book is discussions of data sets. The second its utilization by the nine states along tially impacted many aspects of the not for you! Although Van der Voo part (Chapter 4) is a summary of paleo- its banks, from Lake Victoria to the geological sciences, and has provided a provides a succinct and well-illustrated magnetic techniques, including a lucid Mediterranean Sea. Although Said pre- clearer understanding of, for example, summary of paleomagnetism, based in explanation of demagnetization dia- sented most of this geological informa- the nature and origin of the geomag- large part on his numerous research grams and their interpretation, and tion in an earlier volume (The Geologi- netic field and core-mantle interac- experiences as an internationally recog- how the overall “quality” of a specific cal Evolution of the River Nile, 1981), he tions, the growth and fragmentation of nized authority on the subject, the goal paleomagnetic pole determination may does raise several new issues. One of continents, the interaction between and veritable contribution of his book be at least partially quantified. The these pertains to oscillating wet and rocks and fluids, and the attending is the critical assessment of the paleo- third part (Chapter 5) summarizes the dry phases affecting former Nile flow, alteration of their magnetization magnetism of major continental blocks paleomagnetic database for the major which could be related to El Niño record. Rob Van der Voo’s recent and and the integration of the reliable pale- continents; one of the highlights is a events. The Nile is vital to the nearly timely contribution to the paleomag- omagnetic data with geologic pro- historical review and modern assess- 200 million persons using it as their netic literature, Paleomagnetism of the cesses, specifically the evolution of the ment of the many proposed Pangea primary water source. It is thus perti- Atlantic, Tethys, and Iapetus Oceans, pro- continents bordering and microplates configurations. The fourth part is the nent to evaluate geologic and climatic vides an impressively thorough critique moving within the Atlantic, Iapetus, heart of the contribution and focuses events that induced Nile fluctuations in of the extant paleomagnetic data base and Tethyan realm. on the Mesozoic and Cenozoic history the past, and especially those that bearing on the evolution of the conti- The book can be divided into four of the Atlantic Ocean (Chapter 6), the could help explain present flow events nents bordering and microplates mov- parts. The first is a succinct discussion post-Triassic evolution of the Tethyan and predict future conditions of this, ing within the Atlantic, Iapetus, and of paleomagnetic poles and their asso- realm (Chapter 7), and the pre-Permian the longest river in the world. evolution of the continents surround- The arid northern Nile basin is sin- ing and fragments within the Iapetus gular in that this region is the home of ocean (Chapter 8). The format of each enduring, record-keeping civilizations of these chapters is appropriately var- that for millennia have kept track of ied. In detailing the formation of the the Nile’s flow, on which they are Atlantic Ocean, Chapter 6 presents a almost completely dependent. The sec- time-slice view of data from the major tion of the book emphasizing hydrol- Congressional continents. The current uncertainty in ogy is perhaps the most useful, particu- the Jurassic apparent polar wander path larly where fluctuations of the Nile are Science Fellowship for the Atlantic-bordering continents is correlated with both climatic events carefully presented. The paleomagnetic and the historical record. Periodic 1996–1997 details of specific areas constituting the major failures of Nile floods, particu- Tethyan realm, from the western larly those lasting as long as several he Geological Society of America outside the Fellow’s particular area, Mediterranean to southeast Asia, are decades, often had a direct shaping T is accepting applications for the and a strong interest in working on a sequentially presented in Chapter 7. effect on Egyptian history by causing 1996–1997 Congressional Science range of public policy problems. Because the pre-Permian paleomagnetic weakness in the central authority, Fellowship. The Fellow selected will database for the major continents is increased political impotence, and even spend a year (September 1996– Award less well defined than for younger breakdown of the social order. August 1997) in the office of an indi- The GSA Congressional Science times, the discussion of the evolution This topic leads to the volume’s vidual member of Congress or a con- Fellowship carries with it a $42,000 of the Iapetus Ocean is less concrete third part, utilization of Nile waters. gressional committee for the purpose stipend, and limited health insurance, than those of the previous two chap- Past episodes of low Nile flow, particu- of contributing scientific and techni- relocation, and travel allowances. The ters. The discussion focuses on the larly in Egypt, led to recorded food cal expertise to public policy issues fellowship is funded by GSA and by a closure of Iapetus, where likely Lauren- shortages, excessive inflation, decline and gaining firsthand experience grant from the U.S. Geological Sur- tia-Gondwana configurations with time of the arts, mass emigration, and star- with the legislative process. The vey. (Employees of the USGS are ineli- are presented, southern Great Britain, vation and spread of disease that American Association for the Ad- gible to apply for this fellowship. For Armoire, and Appalachian displaced induced periodic reductions in popula- vancement of Science conducts an information about other programs, terranes as fragments within Iapetus, tion. In view of the current explosive orientation program to assist the Fel- contact AAAS or the Geological Soci- and the initial opening of Iapetus in population growth, now approximat- low seeking a congressional staff posi- ety of America.) the context of proposed Late Protero- ing 60 million persons in Egypt alone, zoic supercontinent models. present and predicted Nile conditions tion in which he or she can work on To Apply major legislative issues. This is a wonderfully written and are a matter of more than academic Procedures for application and much-needed contribution to the geo- concern. Egypt now has the lowest Criteria detailed requirements are available logical sciences. The reader (who gets amount of arable land per capita of any The program is open to highly in the geology departments of most to learn what “Go Blue” means) is country in Africa. Said points out that qualified postdoctoral to mid-career colleges and universities in the United made very comfortable with Van der the per capita value of agricultural pro- earth scientists. Candidates should States or upon request from: Execu- Voo’s up-front style from the beginning duction in Egypt has not decreased have exceptional competence in tive Director, Geological Society of to the end, 273 pages later. Each chap- during the past two centuries, but this some area of the earth sciences, cog- America, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, ter is prefaced by a particularly salient is hardly encouraging, as Egypt must nizance of a broad range of matters CO 80301. quotation, such as R. M. Pirsig’s (1974, now run just to stay in place. Long- DEADLINE FOR RECEIPT OF ALL APPLICATION MATERIALS IS FEBRUARY 1, 1996 Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Mainte- term environmental costs of some mea- nance) famous discussion of “quality,” sures used by Egypt to increase current and Van der Voo’s reaction in the con- productivity of the land (e.g., damming text of a subject to follow. In the Epi- of the Nile and controlled annual flow, logue (Chapter 9) the author most elo- widespread use of chemical fertilizers, Reduction continued from p. 229 eral resources, geologic framework and quently convinces the reader that a and intensive irrigation) could be processes, and marine and coastal sur- very great deal of progress has been extremely detrimental to its future agri- Division will be working to create veys that is the responsibility of the made in a field with a most question- culture production. stronger partnerships with its sister Geologic Division. There was also a able beginning, one that continues to Said’s geopolitical views are pri- USGS Divisions and will be establishing clear recognition that as a leader in be filled with controversy and reinter- marily centered on Egypt. The fact that new cooperative agreements with other earth sciences research the USGS needs pretation, as the geological sciences Egypt is the most populous of the ripar- Federal, State, and local agencies. to validate its scientific credibility on a should and will. ian states, uses 71% of Nile waters for Not many months ago, the future continuing basis. This it intends to do agriculture, and is situated at the “end of the entire USGS, not just the Geo- through an approach that combines John Wm. Geissman of the pipeline” justifies his position to logic Division, was being challenged. innovative scientific research and data University of New Mexico some extent. The direct dependence of The U.S. Congress was entertaining the collection with the production of Albuquerque, NM 87131-1116 Egypt on water from a single source, notion that the Nation no longer even timely, relevant scientific publications the Nile, demonstrates that country’s needed a geologic survey. Through the and data sets. The organization is well extreme economic vulnerability to its strong support of many friends and aware of the fact that to accomplish The River Nile—Geology, upstream neighbors. The emplacement constituents, that view was eventually this goal the USGS needs more than Hydrology and Utilization. of the High Dam at Aswan and creation repulsed. It is, nevertheless, important funds. It requires a balanced, skilled, Rushdi Said. Pergamon Press, Ltd., Oxford, of Lake Nasser behind it has helped to to note that Congress clearly saw the innovative, and experienced workforce. UK, 1993, 321 p., £75.00 (US $120). reduce this vulnerability by providing societal value of the work of all of the The USGS, the Geologic Division spate of books that focus on water on a more regular basis within Bureau’s Divisions, including the work included, is committed to achieving problems of water scarcity in on geologic hazards, energy and min- this goal. ■ A North Africa and the Middle East, Book Reviews continued on p. 231

230 GSA TODAY, November 1995 Book Reviews continued from p. 230 Towards New Horizons: John unforeseen difficulties in a calm, con- Natural Disasters. David Alexander. Haller 1927–1984. Edited by F. H. ciliatory, and diplomatic manner. He Chapman Hall, New York, 1993, $39.95. the boundaries of Egypt. The structure Schwarzenbach. Verlag der Fachvereine had remarkable dexterity and “fix-it” n this book, Alexander makes an admittedly has induced negative side- an den schweizerischen Hochschulen abilities. For example, during one sea- admirable effort to follow his stated effects, including near total cutoff of und Techniken AG, ETH Zentrum, 8092 son, he repaired meteorological equip- I philosophy that "natural disasters ... much-needed sediment and nutrient Zürich, Switzerland (available from ment, efficiently organized a very should be studied as complete entities," loads, intensified local coastal erosion, Mrs. P. Solomon, Harvard University, cramped work space, and filled teeth. and "a continuing theme of this book and increased salination of the culti- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Cambridge, Haller had unique graphic abilities, a is that natural hazards and disasters vated valley and delta sectors. Yet the MA 02138), 1993, 128 p., $59. sharp sense of observation, and almost always involve a combination of physi- dam has protected Egypt from the limitless patience. His notebooks have his unusual book consists of 24 cal impact and human vulnerability effects of drought, which remains a been described as of publication qual- short essays about John Haller, the and response." The book indeed threat to Sudan and Ethiopia. T ity. Ever careful, Haller was hesitant Swiss-American geologist. Haller grew weaves together intricately the agents It is ominous that a previous con- to form theories, and he never really up in Basel, Switzerland, spent many of disaster with resulting societal issues sensus among the riparian states unreservedly accepted the new plate years working on the Danish East of hazard consequence, planning, regarding water distribution appears to tectonic paradigm. Greenland expeditions, and subse- response, and mitigation. It is specifi- be on the verge of disintegration. This book is copiously illustrated quently was a professor at Harvard cally in the impressively complete, Potential consequences are serious, with spectacular photographs of field University for 20 years, prior to his detailed treatment of human interac- because Ethiopia possesses the headwa- situations and geology, as well as with untimely death in 1984. In the course tion with disaster that this book ters of the Blue Nile and Atbara rivers, numerous examples of Haller’s sketches of his career, Haller, more than anyone stands out from others. which provide almost 80% of Nile and maps. Anyone interested in the else, established the foundation of our The main body is divided into two waters carried into Egypt. Ethiopia and history of geologic exploration of knowledge of the East Greenland Cale- sections, which are inevitably inter- Sudan, which together have a larger Greenland or in the life and times of a donides. Haller’s talents were extraordi- twined. In the first section, Geophysi- population than Egypt, are beginning legendary field geologist will find this nary, and his effect on his fellow work- cal Agents, without ignoring relevant to challenge agreements and water book well worth reading. ers, family, and friends was clearly concerns of societal impact (and causa- rights earlier allotted to Egypt. As their profound. Haller exhibited boundless E. M. Moores tion), the wide-ranging chapters water needs increase, they are initiating energy, an ability to plan ahead care- University of California works of their own upstream which fully, act decisively, and deal with Davis, California 95616 Book Reviews continued on p. 232 will likely diminish Egypt’s supply. Pre- sent political instability in Sudan and Ethiopia increasingly poses a threat to existing practices of Nile water alloca- tion in the region. As Said portends, “the real test is yet to come.” A number of glaring errors mar the value of this book. For example, Said surprisingly denies subsidence of the northern delta margin, asserting that this region could not have been low- ered in the recent geologic past, despite hard evidence to the contrary (mea- surement of local lowering of land rela- tive to the sea by values as high as 5 mm/yr). He denies that major cutoff of Nile sediment by the Aswan High Dam has affected the Nile delta coast (now undergoing accelerated local erosion). Said indicates that Egypt need not fear salt-water intrusion into ground water from the coast, even though he illus- trates salinity in excess of 1440 ppm penetrating the northern third of the Nile delta (locally by as much as 50 km inland). These and other facets will require rectification in future hard- science environmental and geological texts on the Nile basin. Geologists interested in regional hydrology will appreciate those parts of the book which focus on the impact of agricultural and industrial expansion of upper Nile basin states on the quality of water reaching downstream states. The convergence of environmental and political factors in this region are likely to stir further destabilization, and pos- sibly even conflict. Such threats are by no means new, however; I am reminded of the rhetorical question posed by the Greek historian Herodotus 25 centuries ago, when dis- cussing a River Nile insufficiently high to flood fields: “What will be left for the Egyptians who live there but starva- tion?” It is indeed fortunate that we are now at a technological stage where some solutions can help meet the much-increased water needs in this part of the world. For starters, one could recommend that those coastal nations in need of fresh water consider transferring a part of their budgets now allocated for military spending to the development of more economical methods of desalinating sea water. This book, in any case, should help incite the can-do scientific community to turn what has become a proverbial lemon into lemonade. Daniel Jean Stanley Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC 20560

GSA TODAY, November 1995 231 Book Reviews continued from p. 231 ing nature of this section. While there is building codes. To document the fraction. Generally, they are set out in much to be gleaned here, in my opin- breadth of treatment, I could mention the discussion at points serving to mainly describe physical, geological, ion Alexander often fails to make suit- such additional considerations as com- illustrate particular principles of plan- and meteorological causes and effects able compromise between the limited puter modeling of evacuation proce- ning, impact, and response (or failures of hazards. Chapter 2, Earthquakes and space allottable to each phenomenon dures or fracture patterns of glass during thereof). Thus, while by no means the Volcanoes, is dominated by a discus- and the technical level of the presenta- hurricanes. The remaining chapters are only volcanic disasters mentioned sion of earthquakes; less attention is tion. The abiding impression given by equally rich in scope and detail. Chapter in Chapter 2, only the eruptions of paid to volcanoes. As well as the the book is that a unified approach to 6, The Logistics of Planning and Emer- Mount St. Helens and Nevado del Ruiz eponymous phenomena, tsunamis are contending with hazards must bring gency Action, should be among the are given their own short sections of met here. In Chapter 3, we are intro- together physical scientists with public most important for public officials; top- text. The absence of large descriptive duced to events of direct or indirect administrators, physicians, sociologists, ics include hazard maps, remote sens- sections devoted to classic eruptions meteorological origin, beginning with economists, etc. This wide audience of ing, disaster modeling, warning systems, (Vesuvius, Krakatau, Pelée) is initially that most prevalent hazard, flooding, disparate professionals will not neces- and emergency shelter. Alexander adds surprising, but consistent with Alexan- and its antithesis, drought. These are sarily have the scientific background desiderata to guide responsible parties in der's emphasis on policy and planning followed by familiar dangerous weather needed to find Alexander's descriptions dealing effectively with disaster manage- rather than geology and physics. phenomena (hurricanes, tornadoes, useful. In general, this scientific discus- ment. Chapter 7, a short one, deals with Much information is presented in lightning, etc.), but such is the breadth sion is often unclear, always incom- medical emergencies; the reference list figures, but the lack of weight placed of coverage that some unanticipated plete, and sometimes simply incorrect. shifts to an extensive tapping of sources on case histories is also manifested in a topics appear, such as problems associ- I found the second section, The from the medical and public health lit- paucity of photographic figures, all of ated with glacial surges. Finally, Chap- Human Impact and Response, to be by erature. Chapter 8 is particularly which are in black and white. As a final ter 4, Disasters and the Land Surface, far the stronger part of the book. We poignant, devoted to special problems small complaint, Alexander favors codi- deals with landslides but also impresses move into societal issues, with Alexan- of the Third World, where vulnerability fying information in block diagrams, on us that a serious hazard can develop der now playing the role of various of is increased by "marginalization," sometimes with elaborate networks of gradually without the drama of the the above mentioned professionals, in involving "neglect, repression, or depri- interconnected arrows; I found these sudden events that often dominate dis- describing their input, actual and rec- vation of the poor"; refugee issues as visually unappealing and sometimes cussions of disasters. In terms of long- ommended, to the integrated approach well as the specter of disaster-induced unilluminating. In spite of its weak- term societal security, insidious pro- to disaster. Common threads woven famine and starvation arise here. Finally, nesses, however, this book should be cesses such as soil erosion, coastal through these chapters involve issues of in Chapter 9, we become sociologists, on the shelf of any professional who erosion, and desertification might be emergency management, warning, regu- economists, and even psychologists as must consider any of the legion of the greatest disasters. lation, human perception, etc. Chapter we consider Disasters and Socio-eco- issues associated with natural hazards. Each chapter is endowed with an 5, Damage and the Built Environment, nomic Systems, focusing on individual Stephen P. Huestis extensive and eclectic reference list. The covers structural performance in earth- and societal reactions to disaster. University of New Mexico, text makes heavy use of citations, quakes, dam failures, and expected asso- Specific case histories play a role in Albuquerque, NM 87131 which helps offset the rather unsatisfy- ciated topics such as implementation of this book, but compose quite a small

Only new or changed information is being published in GSA Today . CALENDAR A complete listing can be found in the Geoscience Calendar section on the World Wide Web: http://www.aescon.com/geosociety/index.html.

April 28–May 1, 11th Himalaya- Los Alamos, New Mexico. Information: November 1996 Penrose Conferences Karakoram-Tibet International Margaret Anne Rogers, MARA, Inc., 1753 November 17–22, Hydrology in the Humid April Workshop, Flagstaff, Arizona. Information: Camino Redondo, Los Alamos, NM 87544, Tropical Environment, Kingston, Jamaica. April 16–21, Tectonic Evolution of the Allison Macfarlane, Dept. of Geography & (505) 662-6574, fax 505-662-6574, Information: Secretariat, Humid Tropics Gulf of California and Its Margins, Earth Systems Science, George Mason E-mail: [email protected], Environment ‘96, A. Ivan Johnson, 7474 Loreto, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Informa- University, 1E2, Fairfax, VA 22030-4444, Internet Web site: http://XRFMAC.lanl.gov/. Upham Ct., Arvada, CO 80003. tion: Paul J. Umhoefer, Department of Geol- (703) 993-1207, fax 703-993-1216, ogy, Box 4099, Northern Arizona University, E-mail: [email protected]. Send notices of meetings of general interest, in format above, to Editor, GSA Today, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, (520) 523-6464, fax 520- May P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301. 523-9220, E-mail: [email protected]. May 30–June 3, Eighth Symposium on Early Fall (date to be determined) the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Exhumation Processes: Normal Faulting, Carbonate Regions, Bahamian Field Ductile Flow, and Erosion, The island Station, San Salvador Island, Bahamas. of Crete. Information: Mark T. Brandon, Information: James L. Carew, Department Department of Geology and Geophysics, of Geology, University of Charleston, Kline Geology Laboratory, Yale University, Charleston, SC 29424, (803) 953-5592, P.O. Box 208109, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, fax 803-953-5446, E-mail: [email protected]. (203) 432-3135, fax 203-432-3134, E-mail: June [email protected]. June 24–27, Second International Airborne Remote Sensing Conference, 1996 Meetings San Francisco, California. Information: ERIM/Airborne Conference, P.O. Box 134001, February Ann Arbor, MI 48113-4001, (313) 994-1200, February 4–7, North American Energy ext. 3234, fax 313-994-5123, E-mail: Summit 1996, Houston, Texas. Information: [email protected], Internet Web site: Conference Coordinator, Institute for Interna- http://www.erim.org/CONF/conf.html. tional Research, 708 Third Ave., 4th Floor, July New York, NY 10017-4103, (212) 661-8740, July 7–10, Soil and Water Conservation fax 212-661-6677. Society 51st Annual Conference, February 8–13, American Association for Keystone, Colorado. Information: Timothy J. the Advancement of Science Annual Kautza, Soil and Water Conservation Society, Meeting, Baltimore, Maryland. Information: 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, AAAS Meetings Office, 1333 H St., N.W., (515) 289-2331, ext. 12. Washington, DC 20005, (202) 326-6450, July 14–17, Watershed Restoration E-mail: [email protected]. Management, Physical, Chemical, and March Biological Considerations, Syracuse, New March 11–14, Sixth West Coast Con- York. Information: Peter E. Black, SUNY College ference on Contaminated Soils and of Environmental Science & Forestry, Syracuse, Groundwater—Analysis, Fate, Environ- NY 13210, (315) 470-6571, fax 315-470-6956. mental and Public Health Effects, and July 29–August 2, Proterozoic Evolution Remediation, Newport Beach, California. in the North Atlantic Realm, Goose Bay, Information: Karen S. Morse, Association for Labrador. Information: Charles F. Gower, the Environmental Health of Soils, 150 Fearing Newfoundland Department of Natural St., Amherst, MA 10100, (413) 549-5170, fax Resources, P.O. Box 8700, St. John’s, 413-549-0579. Newfoundland, A1B 4J6, Canada, (709) March 14–15, Michigan: Its Geology and 729-2118, fax 709-729-3493, E-mail: Geologic Resources, East Lansing, Michigan. [email protected]. Information: Symposium, Michigan Geological September Survey Division, P.O. Box 30256, Lansing, MI September 22–26, American Water 48909. (Abstract deadline: December 1, 1995.) Resources Association 32nd Annual April Conference and Symposium: GIS and April 15–18, Applied Geoscience Water Resources, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. Conference, Warwick University, UK. Information: American Water Resources Information: Geological Society, Conference Association, 950 Herndon Pkwy., Suite 300, Department, Burlington House, Piccadilly, Herndon, VA 22070-5528, (703) 904-1225, London W1V 0JU, UK, phone 44-171-494- fax 703-904-1228, E-mail: [email protected]. 0579, fax 441-71-439-8975. September 22–27, Environmental Hydrol- April 18–19, Economic Aspects of ogy and Hydrogeology, 3rd USA/CIS Petroleum Exploration: An Approach joint conference, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. to Rational Exploration, Zagreb, Croatia. Information: Third USA/CIS Conference, AIH, Information: Josipa Veli´c, Faculty of Mining, 3416 University Ave. S.E., Minneapolis, MN Geology & Petroleum Engineering, Pierotti- 55414-3328. jeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, phone 385-1- September 25–28, New Mexico Geological 442-861, fax 385-1-440-008. Society Fall Field Conference, Jemez and Nacimiento Mountains, Albuquerque and

232 GSA TODAY, November 1995 junior college level with that of high school and elementary—not exactly the launching pad for a scientific career. But there his curiosity and opportunism led him to study all sorts of plants and animals in the surround- INTRODUCTION luminaries and to provide inspiration for students and young ings, and thus began his scientific professionals, the GSA History of Geology Division presents career at the border between geology Bernard of Chartres, an 11th-12th century philosopher Rock Stars, brief profiles of our geological giants. Here is the and biology. There also were the turn- and teacher, said that we are like dwarfs on the shoulders of first one. If you have any comments on this or subsequent ing points in his future, those seem- giants, so that we can see more than they and for a greater profiles, please contact Robert N. Ginsburg, University of ingly insignificant circumstances that distance, not by any virtue of our own but because we are Miami, RSMAS/MGG, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, so often lead in one direction or the carried high and raised aloft by their stature. FL 33149-1098, E-mail: [email protected]. other. An interest in plants, inspired All of us have our geological heroes, those giants on probably by the earlier discovery of fos- whose shoulders we stand. To encourage recognition of these —Robert N. Ginsburg, Chair, History of Geology Division sil leaves, led to a summer course in botany at Harvard, where, as a result, he became a graduate student in 1892. The nearby outcrops of Eocene marine sediments near Mt. Lebanon are rich in Formative Years of the Scientific corals and mollusks. Vaughan’s collec- tion of them provided the material for Career of T. Wayland Vaughan his doctoral dissertation, which in turn led to study of living reefs, carbonate Robert N. Ginsburg sediments, and Cenozoic geology of the Caribbean. Harvard in the 1890s must have been an exciting experience. It retained Soon after I came to Florida some tory of southern Florida, and that he the aura of the Louis Agassiz years as decades ago to study recent carbonate posed most of the significant questions the country’s premier institution of sediments and reefs, I found references about the origin of ooids and lime mud natural history; it had a faculty that to publications by T. Wayland in the Bahamas and the effects of Pleis- included N. S. Shaler, William Morris Vaughan. At first I thought they could tocene lowstands of sea level on the Davis, and Alpheus Hyatt at the nearby not be of much value to me because margins of the banks. Boston Society of Natural History—all they were already decades old and The more I read of Vaughan’s leaders in the study of sedimentary Vaughan’s name was not linked with works, the more I was impressed with deposits; and it had the excitement of any major concepts in the geology of his accomplishments not just in graduate-student participation in carbonates. Fortuitously, I did take two Florida, but in the West Indies and cruises led by Alexander Agassiz to of his major papers with me on my first Panama, as well as in the Pacific. In explore the reefs of Florida and the field trip to study reefs and sediments addition to his scientific accomplish- Bahamas. One of these assistants was on Loggerhead Key in the Dry Tortugas ments, he served with distinction as Vaughan’s fellow student, Alfred G. off Key West. That island was the site of one of the early directors of Scripps Mayor, a biologist, who subsequently the Carnegie Institution’s Marine Bio- Institution of Oceanography in Califor- convinced the Carnegie Foundation to logical Laboratory, where Vaughan and nia. He was a key player on two establish, in 1904, the first laboratory other pioneers studied reefs during the National Research Council committees for tropical marine biology at the Dry first 40 years of this century. I had my that had seminal effects in oceanogra- Field geologist T. Wayland Vaughan at 26, Tortugas, reef-ringed islands off Key first look at beach rock, coral reefs, and phy and paleoecology. My appreciation in Texas. West, Florida. Given Vaughan’s interest associated sediments; I snorkeled over for Vaughan’s contributions, especially in corals, it is not surprising that he the reefs that Vaughan studied; and I those in Florida and the Bahamas, led soon became a regular researcher at the visited nearby Fort Jefferson, where he me to name the lab I established, in Carnegie Laboratory on idyllic Logger- At Tulane, Vaughan intended to planted corals to study their growth 1970, the T. Wayland Vaughan Labora- head Key. There, during part of the study medicine, following his father’s rates. At the same time I was establish- tory for Comparative Sedimentology. year, he did pioneer research on corals example, but the emerging applications ing a connection with the historical Jonesville, Texas (population about and their growth rates, on reefs, and on of electricity were what was exciting— Vaughan, I was reading his major 300), near the Louisiana border, is not calcareous sediments of both south New Orleans was just beginning to works on reefs and geologic history of much larger than it was in 1870 when Florida and the nearby Bahamas. The have indoor lighting when he arrived— Florida. I was amazed and impressed to T. Wayland Vaughan was born to a rest of the year found him studying and Vaughan, ever-sensitive to oppor- learn how much he had done in less prosperous family with distinguished Cenozoic counterparts of his beloved tunity, enrolled in the physical science than 20 years when there was no ancestors back east. What Jonesville corals and mollusks in Cuba, the curriculum. At Tulane, his B.A. in phys- scuba, no outboard motors or aerial lacked in intellectual stimulation Dominican Republic, and Panama. ical science was only the tip of an ice- photographs, and only primitive bot- was more than compensated for by Vaughan’s subsequent career berg of interests. At commencement he tom-sampling gear. I found that Vaughan’s family. His physician-father expanded like the ripples from a pebble read a paper on 18th century author Vaughan began the first effort to ana- was an ardent scholar who had one of thrown into a lake. His publications Oliver Goldsmith, and in later life he lyze the origin of grains in carbonate the finest libraries in the region. This extended from the corals, sediments, said he was thankful he spent his third sediments from the sea floors of south climate of interest in books is probably and geologic history of Florida and the year of French studying the Chanson de Florida, and I was inspired to expand one of the sources of Vaughan’s life- Bahamas to the Cenozoic stratigraphy Roland. In his acknowledgment of the the effort in one of my first major long addiction to learning, which of the Caribbean and the Atlantic Penrose Medal from the Geological research projects. Later, I discovered extended to poetry, philosophy, and coastal plain. He helped to establish, Society of America in 1946, Vaughan that he was also a pioneer in measuring language, as well as science. With this and chaired, the National Research explained that he “read and still have the growth rates of corals, that he com- background, it is no wonder that he Council’s influential Committee on all the recommended books” from his bined well logs and outcrop data to was precocious and entered Tulane Sedimentation that inspired research undergraduate days and annually provide an outline of the geologic his- University at age 15. and led to the publication of the Trea- reread reviews of Greek philosophy. tise on Sedimentation, a milestone in the The seeds of his future career were also development of sedimentary geology. planted at Tulane, where two of the His interest in reefs and marine faculty inspired his interest in the his- deposits led him increasingly into tory of life that could be read in fossils. oceanography, and from 1924 to 1936 His infatuation with electricity was he was the director of the Scripps Insti- probably dulled by two happenings in tution of Oceanography, wrote an the summer of his junior year at influential report on international Tulane, 1888. Partly, it may have been oceanography, and was a member of his first job of reading electric meters in the committee that was instrumental the heat and humidity of a New in founding the Woods Hole Oceano- Orleans summer, but more likely, it was graphic Institute. When he retired from his first discovery of fossils. Only eight Scripps, he resumed his scholarly career miles from his father’s farm, he and a with studies of the larger Foraminifera, crew of laborers excavated, with much but he still found time to organize a excitement, specimens of fossil leaves Committee on Marine Ecology as and the skeleton of an elephantlike related to paleontology that produced a mammal; all were sent to the Tulane seminal two-volume Treatise on Marine museum. Later, with additional collec- Ecology and Paloecology. He also contin- tions, he prepared a paper on these ued to develop three hobbies: the study Eocene fossils. of comparative religions, old Teutonic Graduating from Tulane before he legends, and oriental art. He was so turned 19, Vaughan took a teaching taken with Japanese art and customs position in Mt. Lebanon, Louisiana, at The Vaughan family without T. Wayland, in about 1886, Jonesville, Texas. Vaughans still occupy a school so small that it combined this house. Vaughan continued on p. 234

GSA TODAY, November 1995 233 Vaughan continued from p. 233 CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING that he learned the language when in Published on the 1st of the month of issue. Ads (or (1) water/rock/sediment/soil interactions from the ment of Earth Resources, Colorado State University, his 60s, and he lectured often on orien- cancellations) must reach the GSA Advertising office perspective of paleoclimatology, global change, clay Fort Collins, CO 80523. Applications must be tal art. one month prior. Contact Advertising Department mineralogy, stable isotope geochemistry, or low tem- received by December 15, 1995. A photograph of Vaughan hangs (303) 447-2020, 1-800-472-1988, fax 303-447-1133, perature aqueous geochemistry; Colorado State University is an EEO/AA or E-mail:[email protected]. Please include (2) geophysics from the perspective of geotechni- employer. E.O. Office: 21 Spruce Hall. outside my office, and when students complete address, phone number, and E-mail cal and computational modelling applications in near- ask who he was, there is an opportu- address with all correspondence. surface studies and environmental site characteriza- IGNEOUS/METAMORPHIC PETROLOGIST nity to explain how curiosity, drive, Per line tion, or hydrogeology. UNIVERSITYOF CALIFORNIA, SANTA BARBARA Per Line for each The successful candidate is expected to teach in The Department of Geological Sciences is opening a and making the most of every opportu- for addt'l month areas of specialization, interact with existing faculty, tenure-track position in Petrology at the University of nity helped him to become a leading Classification 1st month (same ad) and contribute to student research experiences. The California, Santa Barbara. Applicants should have ability to teach earth history is desirable. scientist who, through his own works demonstrated research potential and a strong com- Situations Wanted $1.75 $1.40 The department offers B.A. and B.S. degrees in mitment to undergraduate and graduate instruction. and leadership, left a lasting influence Positions Open $6.50 $5.50 earth sciences, organized into four tracks: geology, Teaching responsibilities to include field geology, geotechnology, atmosphere/hydrology and environ- on sedimentary geology. Consultants $6.50 $5.50 undergraduate igneous and metamorphic petrology, mental science, and an M.A. in geography which Services & Supplies $6.50 $5.50 and advanced graduate classes including kinetics T. Wayland Vaughan was born on includes an environmental analysis track. An M.S. in Opportunities for Students and thermodynamics of petrological systems. It is earth sciences is in the planning stages. September 20, 1870 and died on Jan- first 25 lines $0.00 $2.35 expected that the candidate will oversee the Electron The position begins in August 1996. Interested Microbeam Analysis Lab at UCSB, and be a primary uary 16, 1952. additional lines $1.35 $2.35 individuals should submit a letter articulating qualifi- user of same. Code number: $2.75 extra cations, teaching interests, research goals, plus a The appointment will be made at the assistant curriculum vitae with the names and addresses of at professor level and will be effective July 1, 1996. A For more on Vaughan: Agencies and organizations may submit purchase least three references to Wayne Walcott, Chair, Ph.D. is required at time of appointment. order or payment with copy. Individuals must send Thompson, T. G., 1958, T. Wayland Vaughan: Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Uni- Completed applications will be accepted through prepayment with copy. To estimate cost, count 54 Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoirs, versity of North Carolina at Charlotte (UNCC), Char- November 30, 1995. Submit resume, statement of National Academy of Sciences, v. 32, p. 399–437. characters per line, including all punctuation and lotte, NC 28223. Review of applications will begin research and teaching interests and objectives, and blank spaces. Actual cost may differ if you use capi- January 15, 1996, and will continue until the position names of three referees to: Professor Frank J. Vaughan, T. W., 1919, Corals and the formation tals, centered copy, or special characters. is filled. AA/EOE. Spera, Search Committee Chair, c/o Lou Anne Pal- of coral reefs: Smithsonian Institution Annual ius, Geological Sciences Department, University of Report for 1917, p. 189-276. To answer coded ads, use this address: Code # ----, COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106- GSA Advertising Dept., P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO FACULTY POSITIONS 9630. Vaughan, T. W., 1946, Response to presentation 80301-9140. All coded mail will be forwarded within The Department of Geology at the College of William UCSB is an Equal Opportunity/ Affirmative Action of the Penrose Medal: Geological Society of Amer- 24 hours of arrival at GSA Today office. and Mary invites applications for two tenure-track employer. ica Proceedings, Annual Report, p. 69–76. ■ positions to begin in August 1996. The successful individuals must possess a strong commitment to LAFAYETTE COLLEGE excellence in undergraduate teaching in the class- Assistant Professor, tenure-track position beginning Situations Wanted room, laboratory, and field. Courses which must be Fall 1996 to teach courses in Sedimentology/Stratig- taught between them are Mineralogy, Igneous/Meta- raphy, Earth History, Oceanography/Marine Geology, morphic Petrology, and Structural Geology. One per- National Science PH.D. IN GEOLOGY with postdoc experience and and to participate in Introductory Geology courses. son will teach at least one of these courses, and the Education Standards good publication record is looking for research/teach- Applicants are invited to describe additional courses other person will teach two of them. Other courses that they might teach in an undergraduate geology ISBN 0-309-05326-9 ing position. Research interests include geochronol- which may be taught include introductory geology ogy (its applications to various geological problems), and environmental geosciences curriculum. A Ph.D. $19.95 courses and elective geology courses of the candi- is required and teaching experience is preferred. morphotectonics, regional geology of Gondwana, dates’ choice. Supervision of undergraduate Tethyan orogenies and Asia. Please reply to GSA Please send a resume, a statement of teaching research projects is required of each candidate. Both and research interests, graduate and undergraduate Box 1060, GSA P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301- positions require the Ph.D. and a commitment to 9140. transcripts, and three reference letters to: Dr. research involving undergraduates. One position is Lawrence L. Malinconico, Jr., Department of Geology for an entry-level assistant professor, and the other and Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, will be filled at the assistant or associate professor Easton, PA 18042-1768. Women and minorities are level. Review of applications will begin on December encouraged to apply. We will interview candidates at Positions Open 20, and will continue until the positions are filled. the Geological Society of America meeting in New Send a letter of application, statement of teaching Orleans, LA. However, applications will be accepted UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA and research interests and objectives, curriculum until December 31, 1995, or until the position is filled. vitae, undergraduate and graduate transcripts, and The vision for excellence in AT CHARLOTTE An equal opportunity employer. The Department of Geography and Earth Sciences three letters of reference to Bruce K. Goodwin, Chair, Department of Geology, College of William and science education is clarified in invites applications for a tenure-track geoscientist PALEONTOLOGIST/PALEOECOLOGIST Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795. (Ph.D. required) at the assistant professor level with UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI, CORAL GABLES this landmark book which will be The College of William and Mary is an Equal research expertise in surface/near surface pro- Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts released this December by the Opportunity/Affirmative Action university. Members of cesses, particularly in one of the following areas: and Sciences invites applications for a tenure-track under-represented groups (including people of color, National Academy Press. position at the assistant-professor level from persons persons with disabilities, Vietnam veterans and who use paleontology as a research tool in such women) are encouraged to apply. To order your copy by phone using fields as paleoecology, environmental geology, and VISA/MasterCard/American Express, global climate change. The department is particularly ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY call toll-free 1-800-624-6242 or if in the interested in expertise in shallow marine paleoecol- MINERALOGY Washington metropolitan area, call ogy and paleontology as a complement to our The Department of Geology at Arizona State Univer- coastal stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental 202/334-3313, fax 202/334-2451. sity invites applications for a faculty position in Miner- research program. You may also order through your favorite alogy defined in the broadest sense. Applicants are The position is located at the main campus in bookstore or electronically via the sought whose research will complement existing pro- Coral Gables. Internet at http://www.nas.edu. grams in the department. Individuals with research Applicants will be expected to teach undergradu- interests in fields such as mineral microstructures, electron microscopy, cyrstallography, reaction kinet- ate courses in invertebrate paleonotology, historical ics, high-pressure mineralogy, mineral physics, min- geology, and evolution of the biosphere. Also, the eral surfaces, or mineral interfaces are encouraged successful applicant will be expected to collaborate to apply. Interdisciplinary interests are encouraged. with other faculty, guide graduate students, advise Preference will be given to applicants at the assistant undergraduate students, seek extramural research professor level, but we will consider applications from funds, develop and maintain an active research pro- outstanding individuals for a senior faculty position. gram, and participate in the general activities of the The successful candidate will be expected to university. develop a vigorous research program and to be Research interests of the current four faculty strongly committed to quality teaching. A Ph.D. in members range from coastal and shallow marine geology or related science is required, with emphasis sedimentation to isotopic studies of the mantle, cli- in mineralogy or a related field and evidence of matic and hydrologic modeling, Caribbean ore research and teaching acheivement or potential deposits, volcanism, tectonics, carbonate and appropriate to rank are required. Starting date: 16 organic sediment processes, and diagenesis. August 1996. The Department works closely with the 15 faculty Send letter of application describing current members of the Division of Marine Geology and research and teaching interests, curriculum vitae, Geophysics at the Rosentiel School on the Key Bis- and names and addresses of three potential refer- cayne campus approximately seven miles from the ences to: Prof. James A. Tyburczy, Mineralogy main campus. Search Committee Chair, Department of Geology, Applicants should submit a letter summarizing Box 871404, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ their research interests, a curriculum vitae and the 85287-1404, (602) 965-2637, 602 965-8102 fax. names of three references before January 15, 1996, The closing date for applications is 1 December to Dr. Harold Wanless, Chairman, Faculty Search 1995 and the first day of each month thereafter until Committee, Department of Geological Sciences, Uni- the position is filled. Arizona State University is an versity of Miami, Box 249176, Coral Gables, FL Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. 33124-0401. We expect to fill the position by June 15, 1996, PETROLOGIST/ GEOCHEMIST with a start date of August 15, 1996. The University The Department of Earth Resources at Colorado of Miami is an equal opportunity affirmative action State University invites applications for a 9-month, employer and a smoke/drug-free workplace. tenure-track position in petrology at the assistant pro- fessor level starting August 1996. We seek individu- ENVIRONMENTAL GEOSCIENTIST als with a strong commitment to undergraduate and HYDROGEOLOGIST graduate teaching, research, and service. A Ph.D. in THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT DALLAS geology or a closely related field must be completed We have an opening for a tenure-track, faculty posi- by time of appointment. tion (rank open) in the field of Environmental Geo- The Department of Earch Resources offers field- sciences for Fall 1996. The successful candidate will oriented undergraduate and graduate programs in complement our existing strengths in high resolution geology and watershed science. Candidates should geophysics and geochemistry and will lead an be able and willing to teach any part of undergradu- expanding research effort in environmental geo- ate mineralogy-petrology sequence, introductory sciences. Applications are invited from hydrogeolo- physical geology, and other courses. Candidates gists with strengths in environmental geophysics or should complement and be able to interact with exist- low-temperature geochemistry. Teaching responsibil- ing faculty in the department. Interest in and ability to ities will include graduate and undergraduate teach geochemistry and/or economic geology are courses in hydrogeology, courses in the area of spe- desirable. cialization, and supervision of graduate students. We Candidates are expected to establish an active expect to fill this position at the assistant professor research and graduate student training program with level, but rank and salary are negotiable. A Ph.D. external funding. Diverse research opportunities and must be held at the time of appointment. facilities are available to CSU and other academic, Formerly the Southwest Center of Advanced industry, and government organizations in the Front Studies, UTD was established in 1969. The Depart- Range area. ment has 14 faculty, 3 technical support staff, 5 Applicants should send a curriculum vitae, a state- research scientists, 5 research associates,and a well ment of teaching and research interests, and three equipped laboratory and computational facilities. reference letters to: Petrology Search Chair, Depart- There are about 75 graduate and 50 undergraduate

234 GSA TODAY, November 1995 GSA ANNUAL MEETINGS 1996 Mt. Eden Books NEW! WATER-BASED HEAVY LIQUID FOR Denver, Colorado • October 28–31 & YOUR LABORATORY: Colorado Convention Center Marriott City Center Bindery ● Methylene Iodide (MI-GEE Brand) Density 3.32 ● Bromoform Density 2.85 General Chairs: ▲ ● NEW Sodiumpolytungstate Density 2,89Ð Gregory S. Holden and Kenneth E. Kolm, Specializing in out-of- New Water-Based Heavy Liquid print and rare books in ● Acetylene Tetrabromide Density 2,96 Colorado School of Mines Our products are used by most mineralogical labs in the U.S. Technical Program Chairs: the GEOLOGICAL and around the world. Send for Bulletin 32 and the latest price SCIENCES. Including list of most useful heavy liquids. John D. Humphrey and John E. Warme, Colorado School of Mines, USGS publications, GEOLIQUIDS Inc. Dept. of Geology & Geological Engineering, general geology, 15 E. Palatine Rd., Suite 109 Prospect Heights, Illinois 60070 USA Golden, CO 80401, mining, paleontology, (303) 273-3819, fax 303-273-3859, 1-800-827-2411 E-mail: [email protected] geophysics, hydrology, 708-215-0938 ● FAX 708-215-9821 mineralogy, etc. OVER 40 YEARS EXPERIENCE Field Trip Chairs: BEST QUALITY LOW PRICES Charles L. Pillmore, (303) 236-1240 and FREE CATALOG Ren A. Thompson, (303) 236-0929 U.S. Geological Survey, MS 913, P.O. Box 25046 P.O. Box 1014 part-time) housed in its own building and in the adja- Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 Cedar Ridge, CA 95924 cent science center. (916) 274-BOOK (2665) Candidates are requested to forward a letter of application (including a statement of teaching and CALL FOR FAX (916) 274-2847 research interests and goals), curriculum vitae, and E-mail:[email protected] three letters of recommendation to Prof. R. A. CONTINUING EDUCATION COURSE PROPOSALS Wobus, Chair, Department of Geology, Williams College, 947 Main St., Williamstown, MA 01267, by PROPOSALS DUE BY DECEMBER 1 Dec. 15, 1995. Williams College is an EEO/AA employer and The GSA Committee on Continuing Education invites those interested students enrolled in a range of degree programs especially encourages aplications from women and including B.S./B.A. to Ph.D. members of minority groups. in proposing a GSA-sponsored or cosponsored course or workshop to contact Applicants should send a resume, a statement GSA headquarters for proposal guidelines. Continuing Education courses may describing their teaching and research interests, and PETROLOGIST/STRUCTURAL GEOLOGIST be conducted in conjunction with all GSA annual or section meetings. We are the names, addresses, and telephone and fax num- The University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown, a four- bers of at least three references to the Chair, Search year, degree-granting institution, invites applications particularly interested in receiving proposals for the 1996 Denver Annual #2022, The University of Texas at Dallas, P.O. Box for a full-time, two-year appointment (nontenure Meeting or the 1997 Salt Lake City Annual Meeting. 830688, Richardson, TX 75083-0688. Review of stream) at the Assistant Professor rank beginning fall Proposals must be received by December 1, 1995. Selection of courses for applications will begin on January 15, 1996, and con- 1996. Teaching duties will include upper division tinue until the position is filled. Further information courses in structural geology, mineralogy, and 1996 will be made by February 1, 1996. For those planning ahead, we will also about UTD and the Department of Geosciences is igneous & metamorphic petrology, and selected non- consider courses for 1997 at that time. available on our home page at http://www.utdallas. lab introductory courses (oceanography, meteorol- edu/dept/geoscience or by e-mail to mitterer@utdal- ogy, and/or introductory geology). Applicants should For proposal guidelines or information, contact: Edna A. Collis las.edu. The University of Texas at Dallas is an equal hold a Ph.D. by the time of appointment and have a opportunity/affirmative action employer and encour- strong commitment to excellence in teaching and Continuing Education Coordinator, GSA headquarters ages applications from women and members of field-oriented undergraduate research. Previous col- 1-800-472-1988, ext. 134 • E-mail: [email protected] minority groups. lege-teaching experience, the ability to incorporate computer applications into the curriculum, and an MIDLAND VALLEY SERVICES, INC., the U.S. sub- interest in Appalachian geology are also desirable. sidiary of Midland Valley Exploration Limited, Glas- Review of applications will begin on October 30, 1997 gow, Scotland, is seeking a structural geologist to fill 1995, and the search will remain open until the posi- an entry-level consulting position in Boerne, Texas. tion is filled. Applicants should send a letter of appli- Applicants should have a Ph.D., be able to do Salt Lake City, Utah • October 20–23 cation and a resume with the names, addresses, and applied research and technical work in structural telephone numbers of three references to Dr. Jack D. Salt Palace Convention Center, Little America geology, and be able to work in a small office envi- Beuthin, Chairman, Department fo Geology and ronment. Unix-based computer skills, 2-D and 3-D Planetary Sciences, University of Pittsburgh at General Chair: M. Lee Allison, Utah Geological Survey structural modeling experience, and the ability to Johnstown, Johnstown, PA 15904. UPJ is an affirma- apply structural geology to the petroleum industry are tive action, equal opportunity employer. Women and Technical Program Chair: John Bartley, University of Utah desirable. Boerne is a small town, 30 miles northwest minorities are encouraged to apply. of San Antonio in the Texas hill country. Applicants Call for Field Trip Proposals: We are interested in proposals for single-day should address their resumes to Midland Valley Ser- and multi-day field trips beginning or ending in Salt Lake City, and dealing with vices, Inc., 301 E. San Antonio Street, Boerne, TX all aspects of the geosciences. Please contact the field trip chairs listed below. 78006, (210) 249-8995 tel., 210-249-9809 fax. Clos- Services & Supplies ing date for applications is 30 November 1995. Paul Link Bart Kowallis LEATHER FIELD CASES. Free brochure, SHERER SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY AT CUSTOM SADDLES, INC., P.O. Box 385, Dept. GN, Department of Geology Department of Geology CARBONDALE Franktown, CO 80116. Idaho State University Brigham Young University The Department of Geology at Southern Illinois Uni- Pocatello, ID 83209-8072 Provo, UT 84602-4646 versity at Carbondale invites applications for a tenure-track assistant professorship in environmental Opportunities for Students (208) 236-3365 (801) 378-3918 geology/geomorphology starting August 16, 1996. fax 208-236-4414 fax 801-378-2265 Applicants must hold the Ph.D. degree and must Visiting Fellows and Students/Institute for Rock E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] have demonstrated teaching ability and existence of, Magnetism. Applications are invited for visiting fel- or potential for, developing an externally funded lowships (regular and student) lasting for up to 10 Field trip guides will be published jointly by Brigham Young University Geology research program of high quality. Experience in flu- days during the period from March 1, 1996, through vial geomorphology, climate change research, and Studies and the Utah Geological Survey. Review drafts of Field Guides will be due August 31, 1997. the applications of GIS, image analysis, and remote March 15, 1997. Topics for research are open, although fellows are sensing is preferred. Applicants should submit a CV, statement of encouraged to take advantage of the chosen focus teaching and research interests, and names and for cooperative reasearch in a given year. During addresses of four referees by 1 January to Dr. 1995-6, the focus for research will be the connec- FUTURE Michael A. Kruge, Search Committee, Department of tions between the fundamentals of rock magnetism Salt Lake City ...... October 20–23 ...... 1997 Geology, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, and paleomagnetic observations. Carbondale, IL 62901-4324; (618) 453-3351; fax: Short proposals (two pages, single-spaced text Toronto ...... October 26–29 ...... 1998 618 453-7393; e-mail: [email protected]. plus necessary figures and tables) are due by Denver ...... October 25–28 ...... 1999 Southern Illinois University at Carbondale is an December 22, 1995, for consideration by the Insti- equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. tute's Review and Advisory Committee (Bob Butler, Chair). For general information on any meeting call the GSA Meetings Department, SEDIMENTOLOGY Successful applicants will be notified in early WILLIAMS COLLEGE February 1996. 1-800-472-1988 or (303) 447-2020, ext. 133; The Department of Geology at Williams College A limited number of travel grants of $500 are E-mail: [email protected] invites applications for a tenure-eligible position at available to researchers who can demonstrate no the assistant professor level in the field of sedimen- existing financial resources. No funds are available tology, appointment beginning July 1, 1996. for per diem expenses. (Appointment at a senior level is possible in excep- The Institute Staff (Bruce Moskowitz and Pete tional circumstances.) We seek an individual with Solheid) will be happy to provide application forms demonstrated excellence in teaching and a strong and information necessary for proposal preparation. commitment to field-based research involving under- Deadline for submission is December 22, 1995, at graduates. A Ph.D. is required by start of appoint- the following address: Facilities Manager, Institute for EARTH’N WARE, INC. ment. The candidate will be expected to develop a Rock Magnetism, University of Minnesota, 291 Shep- GSA Thanks vigorous research program in sedimentation; experi- herd Laboratories, 100 Union St. SE, Minneapolis, ence in the coastal environment is desirable, as well MN 55455-0128, 612-624-5274; fax: 612-625-7502. FISONS INSTRUMENTS as familiarity with computer modelling and remote the 1995 Annual sensing techniques. Graduate Traineeship: 4-year traineeships avalable JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. for graduate study in conjunction with interdisciplinary Meeting Sponsors The position will include full responsibility for a NEW ORLEANS one-semester course with labs in sedimentation and Research Training Group (RTG) in ecology, geology, For the New Orleans Annual other advanced courses such as remote sensing, archaeology, geography, and soils to enhance train- GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY along with team-teaching in introductory courses ing in “Paleorecords of Global Change.” Only citizens, Meeting, the following exhibitors such as oceanography and environmental geology, nationals, or permanent residents of the U.S. qualify have generously donated funds to UNIVERSITY OF NEW ORLEANS the supervision of undergraduate research, and the for stipends. The University of Minnesota is an equal support the meeting. GSA is most Dept. of Geology and Geophysics development of new courses. opportunity educator and employer. Application Williams is an independent, residential liberal arts deadline January 1. For application contact Barbara appreciative of this support and WORTH PUBLISHERS college of approximately 2,000 undergraduates Eastwold, RTG, University of Minnesota, Ecology, thanks these companies. located in a small town in the Berkshire Hills of north- Evolution and Behavior, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, western Massachusetts. The Geology Department St. Paul, MN 55108. Phone: 612/624-4238; FAX: includes six faculty members (five full-time and one 612/624-6777.

GSA TODAY, November 1995 235 Observations and Hypotheses; (3) Observa- tions and Effects of Large-scale Meteorite Im- 1996 pact; (4) The K/T Boundary: The Geological Record; (5) The K/T Boundary: The Biological GEOVENTURES Record; and (6) Other Phanerozoic Extinctions. Each section begins with a keynote paper. SPE247, 644 p., indexed, GeoVenturesV are a special benefit ISBN 0-8137-2247-0, $72.50 created for GSA members, but are Perspectives on the Eastern open also to guests and friends. ITEMS OF INTEREST Margin of the Cretaceous GeoVentures is the overall name Western Interior Basin edited by G. W. Shurr, G. A. Ludvigson, for adult educational and adventure RELATING TO and R. H. Hammond, 1994 experiences of two kinds: GeoTrips and Cretaceous rocks deposited on the eastern GeoHostels. Both are known for expert margin of the Western Interior Seaway hold scientific leadership. Fees for both are inportant information on unique depositional settings. Yet, the geology of rocks on the low to moderate (relative to the length western margin and central areas has domi- of time and destination) and include nated the literature to date. Now, these 12 lodging and meals as designated. The papers summarize the stratigraphy, paleobot- any, geochemistry, and tectonics of the eastern venues, however, are quite different. margin. They include regional perspectives from the western margin and from the Gulf Choose from two types of Coast; they integrate the lithologic, biologic, chronologic, and sequence stratigraphy of the GSA GeoVentures Dakota Formation; they address paleobiology GEOHOSTELS and geochemistry; and they describe tectonic features, including the Manson K-T impact site Length ...... 5 days Cost ...... Approximately $500 Site ...... College campuses TO BE RELEASED1996! or resort towns, EARLY IN The Manson Impact Structure, Iowa: Anatomy North America of an Impact Crater Time of Year. . . . . Summer edited by C. Koeberl and R. R. Anderson, 1996 Traveling ...... Limited. A comprehensive description of research on the 38-km- diameter Manson impact structure in north-central Iowa. This Possible one or two structure, one of about 20 confirmed impact structures in the off-site day field trips U.S., was initially suspected as one factor in the K-T Ground boundary drama. The possible association with the K-T boundary led to an increase in research on the Manson Transportation . . Provided by GSA The Cretaceous/Tertiary Boundary and other post-Cretaceous activity. The volume facilitates a structure in the 1980s. Then, in 1991–1992 the Iowa Geo- Interval, Raton Basin, Colorado and New more holistic view of the total seaway and fosters continuing Physical logical Survey Bureau and the U.S. Geological Survey Mexico, and Its Content of Shock- studies of eastern-margin rocks. Requirements. . . None conducted a Manson core-drilling program. The results of Metamorphosed Minerals; Evidence SPE287, 268 p., indexed, ISBN 0-8137-2287-X, $60.00 Education...... Daily classroom many of the investigations on samples of Manson cores and Relevant to the K/T Boundary Impact- related studies are reported in this volume. The contents of programs and field Extinction Theory The Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary in the the volume range from geophysical studies of the crater San Juan and Raton Basins, New Mexico excursions structure to detailed mineralogical, petrological, and by G. A. Izett, 1990 The author presents a new perspective on the continuing and Colorado geochemical investigations of rocks from the cores, and from discussion of the K/T boundary impact-extinction theory. edited by J. E. Fassett and J. K. Rigby, Jr., 1987 GEOTRIPS the documentation of post-impact hydrothermal events to Examining about 20 sites in the Raton basin of Colorado and What if the 10-km asteroid, postulated by Alvarez et al., was the study of possible distal impact deposits in South Dakota Length ...... 1 to 3 weeks New Mexico and another 10 in Wyoming, Montana, and not a type-1 carbonaceous chondrite and contained more, and Nebraska. These studies also have produced a more western Canada, he uses detailed analyses of shock- less, or even no iridium? What if all, or even some of the Cost ...... Over $1000 accurate age of Manson at about 74 Ma, discrediting theories metamorphosed minerals to conclude that the K/T boundary iridium was liberated from within the crust by the impact? that the Manson impact was associated with the K-T Site ...... Worldwide in the western interior of North America was, indeed, the site What if there were no asteroid and the iridium originated on boundary events. Time of Year. . . . . Anytime of an impact, but by an asteroid of much smaller diameter earth and was dispersed by a large number of volcanic SPE302, 484 p., indexed, ISBN 0-8137-2302-7, $99.50. Traveling ...... Daily change of site than previously estimated. He also suggests that there were eruptions? These and related questions have brought a new no major high-energy depositional events associated with wave of geologists to the San Juan and Raton basins to study Ground Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary the K/T boundary there, one of the few places where Evolution:Proceedings of the Sudbury the impact and proposes the place of the impact. This small, Transportation . . Provided by important volume is certain to stimulate further discussion terrestrial fossil vertebrates occur in abundance. These ten 1992 Conference on Large Meteorite papers seem to argue against mass extinction at the participants Impacts and Planetary Evolution, August and research. SPE249, 102 p., ISBN 0-8137-2249-7, $30.00 boundary in this area. They present major contributions to Physical 31 to September 2, 1992 one of the great modern debates of geology and provide a Requirements. . . May be physically edited by B. O. Dressler, R. A. F. Grieve, and Global Catastrophes in Earth History: valuable collection of primary data on the K/T boundary. V. L. Sharpton, 1994 An Interdisciplinary Conference on SPE209, 204 p., two pocket plates, ISBN 0-8137-2209-8, demanding Twenty-eight papers, organized in five chapters, cover a wide Impacts, Volcanism, and Mass Mortality $9.00 Education...... Informal, outdoor range of topics of interest to the planetologist and other edited by V. L. Sharpton and P. E. Ward, 1991 field instruction geoscientists. Topics include impact cratering phenomena and processes, shock metamorphism, the origin of tektites, Fifty-eight papers that grew from the highly successful terrestrial and planetary impact structures, and paleonto- meeting at Snowbird, Utah, “Global Catastrophes in Earth History: An Interdisciplinary Conference on Impact, 1-800-472-1988 GEOHOSTELS logical extinctions. Six papers present new data on the origin and evolution of the Sudbury Structure of northern Ontario. Volcanism, and Mass Mortality,” the second “Snowbird FAX 303-447-1133 The Geology of the Glacier Information on nine other terrestrial impact structures also is Conference.” Issues addressed relate to recognizing and presented, including the Popigai and Puchezh-Katunki understanding catastrophic extinction events and possible GSA PUBLICATION SALES National Park Region structures of Russia, the Vredefort structure of South Africa, causes. The approach is from many directions including the JULY 20–25, The Big Mountain Resort, and the Beaverhead structure of Montana. The six papers in paleontological record; planetary and astronomical P.O. BOX 9140 the first section on Planetary Constraints and Perspectives constraints; the terrestrial impact and volcanic records; the Whitefish, Montana chemistry, petrology, and sedimentology of boundary layers; Leaders: Robert Thomas and Sheila Roberts are of special interest to the planetologist dealing with the BOULDER, CO 80301 origin of lunar multiring basins, impact structures on Venus, geological and environmental modeling; and historical Western Montana College and impact melt production on the planets. Includes an perspectives. Organized in the following six thematic 303-447-2020 extensive glossary. sections: (1) Patterns of Mass Mortality: Models, Overviews, and Hypotheses; (2) Catastrophic Effects of Volcanism: The Geology of the Wine SPE293, 358 p., indexed, ISBN 0-8137-2293-4, $97.00 Country in Western Oregon AUGUST 17–22, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon Leader: Scott Burns GSA JOURNALS ON COMPACT DISC Portland State University A CD-ROM publication of the Geological Society of America. Published since 1992, each annual disc contains an entire year of articles from GSA Bulletin, Geology, and GSA Today, plus the current year’s GSA Data Repository, and a Retrospective Electronic Index to GSA’s journal articles published since 1972. GEOTRIPS Information will appear in a Users can search the full ASCII text of all articles, or view, print, or export from them. 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