Hawaiian Plant Studies 1191

Novelties in Lipochaeta (Compositae). Hawaiian Plant Studies 1191

HAROLD ST. JOHN 2

ABSTRACT: Included are descriptions, based on morphology, of 12 new species and three new varieties of Lipochaeta (Compositae) of the Hawaiian Islands.

AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT IN the flora ofthe arid cuneata marginibus depresse serrulatis den lowlands ofthe Hawaiian Islands is the genus tibus in hydathodo globoso terminantibus Lipochaeta (Compositae). While preparing a supra sparse adpresse hirsutulis infra cum revision ofthis genus 3 the author has detected pilis simulantibus densioribus nervis secun several new species and varieties. To make dariis 8-10 in dimidio quoque, cymis cum them known, they are here described and most 1-4 capitulis, pedunculis 2-9 cm longis of them are illustrated. adpresse hirsutulis, capitulis 2.5-3 cm dia metro, involucro hemisphaerico, 4-5 phyl lariis exterioribus 6-10 (-12) mm longis Lipochaeta acris Sherff lanceo-ovatis dense adpresse hirsutulis, var. lata var. nov. flosculis radiatis 10-14, tubo 3mm longo, A specie differt in phyllariis lanceolatis. radiis 11 mm longis 4 mm latis obIongo Differs from the species by having the outer ellipticis in apice paullo bifidis, squamis phyllaries lanceolate. The species has them disci 5mm longis 2 mm latis oblanceo lance-linear. navicularibus proxima apicem puberulis, flosculis disci fere 40 cum 2 setis 2-2.5 mm HOLOTYPUS: Hawaiian Islands, Kauai longis, corollis cum dimidio infero 2 mm Island, bottom of Kaaweiki, 3/6/69, Robert longo anguste tubuloso dimidio supero W. Hobdy 94 (BISH). anguste campanulato et cum 5 lobis anguste There are 20 other collections of the new ovatis, achaeneis radiatis 3 x 2-2.7 x var. lata in the Bishop Museum. They were 1.1 mm deltoideo-obovoideis laevibus badiis found all along the Na Pali coast ofKauai, at cum 2 aculeis exterioribus 1mm longis et 2 Kokee, and in the Waimea Valley region. This interioribus 0.5 mm longis, achaeneis disci variety and var. acris are sympatric. 2.9 x 0.8 x 0.2mm ellipsoideis plano-con vexis acum 2 aculeis 0.8-1 mm longis. Lipochaeta Christophersenii sp. nov. (sect. Aphanopappus), fig. 1 DIAGNOSIS OF HOLOTYPE: Shrub 1m tall; leafy branchlets 1-3mm in diameter, stra DIAGNOSIS HOLOTYPI: Frutex 1m altus est, mineous, appressed ascending white hirsutu ramulis foliosis adpresse hirsutulis, petiolis lous; internodes 1-7cm long; nodes with 2-4mm longis adpresse hirsutulis, laminis an elevated ring but not perfoliate; petioles 3-12 x 0.8-3.2 cm firme chartaceis lan 2-4mm long, white appressed ascending ceolatis vel anguste lanceolatis acutis basi hirsutulous, broadly channeled above; blades 3-12cm long, 8-32mm wide, firm chartaceous, Ianceolate to narrowly lan

1 Manuscript accepted 15 March 1984. ceolate, acute, the base cuneate, the margins 2 Bishop Museum, Box 19000-A, Honolulu, Hawaii, remotely low serrulate, the teeth ending in a 96817. globose hydathode, above dark green, shin 3 The sections ofthe genus proposed by Gardner (1979) are used in this paper, but since the difference between ing, and sparsely appressed white hirsutulous, them is only on a majority count ofthe disk corolla lobes, below pale green and with similar but more it is not considered significant. dense pubescence, secondary veins 8-10 in 253 254 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 38, July 1984

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FIGURE 1. Lipochaela Chrislophersenii St. John, from holotype. a, habit x}; b, head, x 2; c, ray floret, x 4; d, chaff, x 4; e, disk floret, x 4;f, g, ray achene, x 6; h, i, disk achene, x 6. Hawaiian Plant Studies l19-ST. JOHN 255

each half, arcuate ascending, and a pair ofthe specializing in plant ecology. He served as lower ones strong and thickened; cymes with botanist for the Bishop Museum in 1924 on 1-4 heads; peduncles 2-9 cm long, appressed the Tanager Expedition to Nihoa and Necker; ascending white hirsutulous; heads 2.5-3 cm and on the Whippoorwill Expedition to Fan in diameter; involucre hemispheric; 4-5 outer ning, Christmas, Jarvis, Washington, Palmyra, phyllaries 6-10 (-12) mm long, lance-ovate, Howland, and Baker islands, and published densely appressed ascending white hirsu two bulletins on them. From 1929 to 1934 he tulous; inner phyllaries similar; ray florets was botanist at the Bishop Museum and made 10-14, the ovary 3 mm long, subelliptic; 2 three trips to Samoa to study its ecology. Since pappus awns 1.3 nun long; the tube 3 mm there was no useable flora ofit, he found that long, the ray 11 mm long, 4 mm wide, oblong he hadfirst to collect the plant specimens, then elliptic, slightly bifid at apex; chaff 5mm on return to Honolulu to study their taxon long, 2 mm wide, oblance navicular, near the omy. He published two floristic bulletins apex puberulous; disk flowers about 40, with about Samoa, but nothing on ecology. Because the ovary 1.9 nun long, ellipsoid, the 2 awns of his wife's ill health, he resigned from his 2-2.5 nun long; corolla with the lower half museum position in 1934 and returned to 2 mm long, narrowly tubular, the upper half Oslo, Norway, where he worked as a member narrowly campanulate and bearing 5 narrowly of the Norwegian foreign service. ovate lobes; ray achenes 3 mm long, 2-2.7 mm wide, 0.1 nun thick, deltoid obovoid, smooth, Lipochaeta elliptica sp. nov. (sect. brown, with 2 outer awns 1rom long, and 2 Lipochaeta), fig. 2 inner ones 0.5 mm long; disk achenes 2.9 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 0.2 mm thick, ellipsoid, DIAGNOSIS HOLOTYPI: Frutex multi-ramosus brown, smooth, plano-convex, bearing 2 awns 6.5 dm altus est, ramulis foliosis dense adpresse 0.8-1 rom long. setulosis, petiolis 2-12rom longis cuneatis alatis cum pilis simulantibus, laminis 1.5-3 x HOLOTYPUS: Hawaiian Islands, Oahu Is 0.9-2 cm subcoriaceis ovatis apice acuto vel land, Waianae Mts., Central Lualualei, head subacuto basi cuneata marginibus serratis . of valley 2, foot of cliffs below Kanehoa, cum 4-7 dentibus in dirnidio quoque paginis 450 malt., June 1, 1922, Erling Christophersen ambis dense adpresse setulosis et scabris nervis 3,691 (BISH). secundariis 3-4 in dimidio quoque infra ele DISCUSSION: Lipochaeta Christophersenii is vatis prominentibus, inflorescentiis termi a member of the section Aphanopappus. Its nalibus, cymis cum 3 (-5) capitibus cum pi1is closest relative, L. Garberi St. John, of Oahu, simulantibus, pedunculis 1-3cm longis, is a species with the blade margins remotely capitulis 10-12mm diametro, involucro in low serrulate; outer phyllaries 6-10 (-12) mm flore 3-3.5 mm alto 3.5-4 mm diametro hemi long, densely appressed ascending white sphaerico, 4 phyllariis exterioribus 2.5-3 mm hirsutulous; ray florets 10-14 and 11 x 4 mm, longis 1.7-2rom latis late e1lipticis viridibus et oblong elliptic; disk florets about 40, and the adpresse setulosis, illis interiorihus 3.7-4mm lobes 5. Lipochaeta Christophersenii has the longis ovatis acutis, flosculis radiatis 5-8, blade margins remotely coarsely crenate; ovario 2 setas pappi 0.6-0.7 mm longas outer phyllaries 5-6mm long, densely ap ferrenti, tubo corollae 1mm longo, laminis pressed ascending white hirsute; ray florets radiatis 5.5 x 2.6 mm ellipticis emarginatis, 10-14, the ray 10 x 2.5-3mm, ligulate; disk flosculis disci circa 24 et cum 2 setas pappi florets 25, and the lobes 4. 0.7-0.8 mm longas ferrenti, tubo corollae This species is named in honor of the col 2 mm longo parte 2/3 infera anguste tubulosa lector, Erling Christophersen. He was born on parte supera campanulata, 4lobis 0.5-0.6 mm April 17, 1898 in Christiania, Norway. He longis ovatis, antheris 0.7 nun longis separatis, studied at the Royal Frederick University in achaeneis radiatis 2 x 1.8 x 1.2 mm trigono Christiania during 1916-1917, 1921-1922; he obovoideis obscure badiis laevibus angulis earned his Ph.B. at Yale University in 1920, subtilibus, 3 setis pappi 1-1.3 mm longis, 256

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.2.Cm • Hawaiian Plant Studies l19-ST. JOHN 257 achaeneis disci 4.4 x 1.3 x 0.5 nun ellip HOLOTYPUS: Hawaiian Islands, Kahoolawe soideis compressis planoconvexis badiis laevi Island, alongside jeep road from Hanakanaea bus marginibus subtilibus, 2 aculeis pappi Bay, past the dump and just s. ofthe concrete 0.5-0.7 nun longis. observation post, sww exposure, in full sun, very rocky substrate, 90 ft elev., 4-21-1980, G. DIAGNOSIS OF HOLOTYPE: Shrub 6.5 dm tall, Clarke & C. Corn 370 (BISH). freely branching; leafy branchlets 0.5-4mm in diameter, brownish, densely appressed as SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hawaiian Islands, cending white setulose; internodes 1.2-6cm Kahoolawe Island, Hanakanaea Bay, back of long; nodes enlarged; leaves opposite, diver shoreline, 1/8 mile nw of barracks, about 10 gent; petioles 2-12mm long, cuneate winged, plants, in full sun, with exotic weeds, on lat similarly setulose; blades 1.5-3 x 0.9-2 cm, erite soil with scattered rocks, 30 ft elev., subcoriaceous, ovate, the apex acute or sub 4/21/1980, G. Clarke & C. Corn 371; 372; and acute, the base cuneate, the margins serrate 383; nw of Kaukaukapapa beach, 40-50 ft with 4-7 teeth to a side, on both sides densely from shore, in rock outcropping, with Hetero appressed white setulose and scabrous, above pogon and Prosopis, colony of 6 plants, some dark green, below green, the secondary veins leaves ovate, others 3-10bed, 150 ft elev., 4-22 arcuate ascending, 3-4in each half, below the 1980, L. W. Cuddihy & W. Char 379; all in veins elevated and prominent; inflorescences (BISH). terminal, cymose, with 3 (-5) heads, similarly DISCUSSION: Lipochaeta elliptica is most setulose; peduncles 1-3 cm long; heads 10 similar to L. porophila Deg. & Deg., of 12mm across; involucre in flower 3-3.5mm Hawaii, a species with the habit as a pro high, 3.5-4nun in diameter, hemispheric cumbent shrub; blades 10-40 x 3-15 mm, outer phyllaries 4 and 2.5-3 nun long, thin fleshy, narrowly elliptic, acute at apex, 1.7-2mm wide, broadly elliptic, green, and cuneate at base, sparsely serrulate; outer phyl appressed ascending white setulose; inner laries 2.5 x 1.5 mm, oval oblong; and the ray phyllaries 3.7-4nun long, ovate, acute; ray florets 4. L. elliptica is an erect shrub, with the florets 5-8, the ovary 1.3 mm long, trigonous blades 15-30 x 9-20mm, subcoriaceous, ovoid, bearing 2 pappus awns 0.6-0.7mm ovate, serrate with 4-7 teeth to a side; outer long; corolla tube 1mm long; ray 5.5 x phyllaries 2.5-3 x 1.7-2nun, broadly elliptic; 2.6 mm, elliptic, emarginate; disk florets about and the ray florets 5-8. 24, with ovary 1.5 nun long, narrowly ob The new epithet is the Latin adjective ellip long obovoid, compressed, bearing 2 pap ticus, elliptic, and it is given with reference to pus awns 0.7-0.8 mm long; the corolla tube the elliptic phyllaries. 2 mm long, the lower 2/3 narrowly tubular, the upper third campanulate, bearing 4 ovate lobes 0.5-0.6mm long; anthers 0.7mm long, separate; ray achenes 2 x 1.8 x 1.2 mm, Lipochaeta elliptica St. John, var. artialata, trigonous obovoid, dark brown, smooth, var. nov., fig. 3 the angles thin margined, bearing 3 pappus DIAGNOSIS HOLOTYPI: A specie differt in awns 1-1.3 mm long; disk achenes petiolis alatioribus, involucris floralibus 4 mm 4.4 x 1.3 x 0.5 nun, ellipsoid, compressed, altis 5 mm diametro, phyllariis exterioribus plano-convex, brown, thin margined, smooth; 3.5-4mm longis, illis interioribus 4.2-5 mm bearing 2 pappus awns 0.5-0.7mm long. longis.

EXPANDED DESCRIPTION: Plants 4-6.5 dm DIAGNOSIS OF HOLOTYPE: Differs from the tall; internodes 1.2-9cm long; blades ovate, species by having the petioles very narrowly narrowly ovate, (or lanceolate), entire (or winged; blades 2.5-4 x 1.5-3.2cm; involucre rarely shortly 3-10bed); peduncles 1-5.5 cm in flower 4 mm high, 5 nun in diameter; outer long; outer phyllaries 2-3.5 mm long; inner phyllaries 3.5-4 mm long; inner phyllaries phyllaries 3-4mm long. 4.2-5 mm long. 258 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 38, July 1984

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FIGURE 3, Lipoehaeta elliptiea St. John, vaL artia/ata St. John, from holotype, a, habit, x I; b, chaff, x 8; e, d, disk floret, x 8; e,J, disk achene, x 12; g, h, ray achene, x 12, Hawaiian Plant Studies 119-ST. JOHN 259

HOLOTYPUS: Hawaiian Islands, Kahoolawe leaves ascending or diverging; petioles Island, w. side of island, just n. w. of Hana 2-5 mm long, densely appressed ascending kanaea Bay, rocky substrate, with Prosopis, white hirsutulous, channeled above; blades Chloris inflata, and Atriplex semibaccata, 2.5-8.4cm long, 6-23 mm wide, firm colony of 15-20 plants, 20-40 ft elev., chartaceous, lanceolate (or narrowly so), the 4/22/1980, L. W. Cuddihy & W. Char 382 narrow apex subacute, the base broadly (BISH). cuneate (or rounded), the margins remotely coarsely crenate, above generally appressed DISCUSSION: The new epithet is formed from white hirsutulous from pustulate bases, below the Latin words, artus, narrow; alata, winged, similarly pubescent on the intervals, but the and it refers to the narrowly winged petioles. midrib and 3-5 secondaries with numerous similar but longer hairs; cymes 2-3-headed, loose; peduncle 8-40 mm long, appressed as Lipochaeta Garberi sp. nov. (sect. cending white hirsutulous; heads 2.5-3 cm in Lipochaeta), fig. 4 diameter; involucre 4.5-6.5 mm tall, hemi spheric; outer phyllaries 4 and 5-6 mm long, DIAGNOSIS HOLOTYPI: Planta suffrutescens ultra 35 cm alta est, ramulis dense ascendente lanceolate, densely appressed ascending white hirsute; inner phyllaries 5 mm long, lanceo hispidulis pilis ex basibus pustulatis, petiolis 2-5mm longis dense adpresse hirsutulis, lam late, chartaceous; receptacle convex; chaff inis 2.5-8.4 x 0.6-2.3 cm firme chartaceis 4 mm long, oblong elliptic, cartilaginous, lanceolatis (vel anguste lanceolatis) apice navicular, scabrous on the midrib; ray florets angusto subacuto basi late cuneata (vel rotun 8-9; ovary 1.7 mm long, 0.4-0.6 mm wide, data) marginibus remote grosse crenatis supra cuneoid, trigonous; 2 pappus bristles 0.2 omnino adpresse hirsutulis pilis ex basibus 0.6 mm long, subulate; corolla tube 2 mm long; ray 10mm long, 2.5-3mm wide, ligu pustulatis infra in intervallis cum pilis simul late, the apex shortly tridentate; 25 disk antibus sed midnervo et 3-5 secundariis florets; ovary 1.8 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, cum pilis simulantibus sed longioribus, cuneoid, ascending puberulous near the tip; 2 cymis 2-3-capitatis laxis, pedicellis 8-40mm pappus bristles 0.3-0.5 mm long; corolla tube longis adpresse hirsutulis, capitis 2.5-3 cm 4 mm long; 4 corolla lobes I mm long, ovate; diametro, involucro 4.5-6.5 mm alto hemi filament tube 1.5 mm long; 4 anthers 1.3 mm sphaerico, phyllariis exterioribus 4 et 5-6 x long, dark brown; style 3 mm long; 2 stigmas 2-2.2 mm lanceolatis cartilagineis dense 0.8 mm long, linear. adpresse hirsutulis, phyllariis interioribus 5mm longis lanceolatis chartaceis, flosculis HOLOTYPUS: Hawaiian Islands, Oahu radiatis 8-9, ovario 1.7 x 0.4-0.6mm Island, right fork of Wailupe Valley, 12 Jan. cuneoideo trigono, 2 aculeis pappi 0.2-0.6 mm 1920, D. Wesley Garber 141 (BISH). longis subulatis, tubo corollae 2 mm longo, SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hawaiian Islands, lamina 10 x 2.5-3 mm ligulata apice breve Oahu Island, talus slope near Kaena Pt., dif tridentato, 25 flosculis disci, ovario 1.8 x fuse, 1ft high, Dec. 16, 1915, C. N. Forbes & 0.3 mm cuneoideo proxima apicem ascendente D. Lake 2,274.0 (BISH). puberulo, 2 aristis pappi 0.3-0.5 mm longis, DISCUSSION: The chromosome number, 2n = tubo corollae 4 mm longo, 4 lobis corollae 26" 4B, was counted by R. C. Gardner. 1mm longis ovatis, tubo filamentarum + Lipochaeta Garberi is a member ofthe section 1.5 mm longo, 4 antheris 1.3 mm longis, stylo Lipochaeta. Its closest relative is L. Christo 3 mm longo, 2 stigmatibus 0.8 mm longis phersenii St. John, ofOahu, a species with the linearibus. blades 3-12 x 0.8-3.2cm, narrowly lanceo DIAGNOSIS OF HOLOTYPE: Suffrutescent late, the base cuneate, the margins remotely plant, more than 35 cm tall; branchlets low serrulate, the secondary veins 8-10 in 0.5-2 mm in diameter, densely white ascend each half; peduncles 2-9 cm long; outer phyl ing hispidulous from pustulate bases; inter laries 6-10 (-12) mm long, lance ovate; ray nodes 2-5 cm long; nodes scarcely enlarged; florets 10-14, the pappus awns 1.3 mm long, 260 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 38, July 1984

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FIGURE 4. Lipochaeta Garberi St. John, from holotype. a, habit, x I; b, head, x 4; c, ray flower, x 4; d, disk floret, x 4; e, disk floret, x 8;f, chaff, x 8. the ray 11 x 4 mm; chaff 5mm long, the apex 10 x 2.5-3mm; chaff 4mm long, the midrib puberulous; disk florets about 40, and the scabrous; disk florets 25, and the corolla lobes corolla lobes 5. Lipochaeta Garberi has the 4. blades 2.5-8.4 x 0.6-2.3 em, the base broad ly cuneate (or rounded), the margins remotely Lipochaeta kaenaensis sp. nov. (sect. coarsely crenate, the secondary veins 3-5in Lipochaeta), fig. 5 each half; peduncles 0.8-4cm long; outer phyllaries 5-6mm long, lanceolate; ray florets DIAGNOSIS HOLOTYPI: Planta suffruticosa 8-9, the pappus awns 0.2-0.6mm long; ray multiramosa est, ramulis foliosis adpresse his- Hawaiian Plant Studies l19-ST. JOHN 261

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FIGURE 5. Lipochaeta kaenaensis St. John, from holotype. a, habit, x t; b, head, x 2; c, ray floret, x 4; d, disk floret, x 4; e, dissected disk floret, x 8; f, chaff, x 4; g, ray achene, lateral view, x 6; h, ray achene, apical view, x 6; i, disk achene, lateral view, x 6;j, disk achene, apical view, x 6. 262 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 38, July 1984 pidulis, basibus petiolorum paulum perfolia bases of the spaced appressed white hispidu tis, petiolis 2.8 mm longis adpresse hirsutulis, lous pubescence; inflorescence of 2 (1 or 3) laminis 3-9 x 1.2-5 cm subcoriaceis proxima heads, terminal; peduncles (1.2-) 3-6cm basem 3-5-lobatis corpore anguste lanceolato long, erect, bractless, appressed ascending apice obtuso marginibus cum lobis minoribus white hispidulous; heads 15 mm in diameter, ovatis sursum decrescentibus, lobis basalibus the involucre 3mm high, hemispheric; 4-5 majoribus 1-3 x 0.6-0.7 cm ligulatis obtusis, outer phyllaries 3-4mm long, 1.2-1.5 mm laminis scabris infra in paginis ambis a wide, broadly ovate, appressed ascending basibus rotundatis pilorum hispidulorum dis white puberulous; inner phyllaries 2.5-3 mm persorum punctatis, inflorescentiis termina long, elliptic, membranous; chaff 3mm long, libus cum 2 (1-3) capitibus, pedunculis (1.2-) elliptic oblong, conduplicate, the apex erose; 3-6cm longis erectis ebracteatis adpresse his ray florets 8-11; ovary 1.5 mm long, trigonous pidulis, capitibus 15 mm diametro, involu ellipsoid; pappus of 3 subulate scales 0.5 mm cro 3mm alto hemisphaerico, 4-5 phyllariis long; corolla tube 1.3 mm long; ray 5mm exterioribus 3-4 x 1.2-1.5 mm late ovatis long, 2.5-3 mm wide, elliptic, the apex adpresse puberulis, phyllariis interioribus minutely bidentate; disk florets 12; ovary 2.5-3 mm longis ellipticis membranaceis, 1.5 mm long, oblong ellipsoid, biconvex; pap squamis 3mm longis elliptico-oblongis pus of 2 lanceolate scales 0.4-0.5 mm long; conduplicatis apice eroso, flosculis radiatis corolla 3mm long, the lower 1.3 mm narrowly 8-11, tuba corollae 1.3 mm longo, ligulis tubular, the upper part campanulate, the 4 5 x 2.5-3 mm ellipticis apice minute bi lobes 0.3 mm long, deltoid ovate; 4 anthers dentato, 12 flosculis disci cum 2 squamis 1mm long, dark; style base 0.3 mm long, lanceolatis papi 0.4-0.5 mm longis, corollis cuneoid; style 2 mm long; 2 stigmas 0.8 mm 3mm longis per 1.3 mm basi anguste tubulosis long, divergent; ray achenes 2 mm long, parte supera campanulata, 4 lobis 0.3 rom 1.3 mm wide, 1rom thick, deltoid cuneoid, longis deltoideo-ovatis,. 4 antheris 1mm sharply angled, the apex truncate, mottled longis, achaeneis radiatis 2 x 1.3 x 1mm brown, ascending puberulous at the apex; deltoideo-cuneoideis acriter angulosis apice pappus bristles 3, and 0.4-0.5 mm long, subu truncato badio-maculatis in apice adscen late; disk achenes 2.4 mm long, 1.2 rom wide, dente puberulis 3 aristis pappi 0.4-0.5 mm 0.8 mm thick, cuneoid, biconvex, truncate, longis subulatis, achaeneis disci 2.4 x 1.2 x mottled brown; 2 pappus bristles 0.3-0.8 mm 0.8 mm cuneoideis biconvexis truncatis badio long. maculatis, 2 aristis pappi 0.3-0.8 mm longis. HOLOTYPUS: Hawaiian Islands, Oahu Island, Waialua Dist., Kaena, near base of cliff near DIAGNOSIS OF HOLOTYPE; Suffruticose, Manini Gulch, talus, Leucaena-Myoporum many-branched shrub; leafy branchlets Association, 120ft elev., rare, 25 April 1978, 1-3 rom in diameter, square, pale brown, and K. Nagata, B. Kimura & G. Spence 1,626 appressed ascending white hispidulous; inter nodes 1-6cm long; nodes enlarged, and (BISH). ringed by the slightly perfoliate petiole bases; DISCUSSION: Lipochaeta kaenaensis is a leaves opposite; petioles 2-8 mm long, ap member of the section Lipochaeta, as is its pressed ascending white hirsutulous, broadly closest relative, L. lobata (Gaud.) DC., channeled above; blades 3-9cm long, var. Hosakae St. John, of Oahu, a variety 1.2-5cm wide, subcoriaceous, 3-5-lobed with the petioles 2-4 mm long; blades near the base, the body narrowly lanceolate, 2.5-5.3 x 0.4-2.4cm, entire to remotely the apex obtuse, the margins with smaller serrulate, the base rounded, the apex mostly ovate lobes, decreasing upwards, the larger acute; pedicels ascending hirsutulous; and the basal lobes 1-3cm long, 6-7 rom wide, ligu outer phyllaries 4 mm long, ovate. Lipochaeta late, obtuse, the blades scabrous, and above kaenaensis St. John has the petioles 2-8 mm dark green, below green, on both surfaces long; blades 3-9 x 1.2-5 cm, 3-lobed at base, white dotted from the expanded rounded the apex obtuse; pedicels appressed ascending Hawaiian Plant Studies l19-ST. JOHN 263

hirsutulous; and the outer phyllaries 3-4tnm Maui: makai of Kahikinui, common on aa

long, broadly ovate. lava near coast1 Dec. 23, 1948, O. Degener 19,343. Lipochaeta lavarum (Gaud.) DC., var. All these specimens are in (BISH). scaposa var. nov., fig. 6 DISCUSSION: The most similar plant is Lipo chaeta lavarum; var. ovata Sherff, of leeward DIAGNOSIS HOLOTYPI: A specie differt in ped Maui, a variety with the peduncles mostly unculis plerumque 10-30em longis, involuc 2-5 em long; involucre in flower 5-7 mm in ris floralibus 10-11 mm diametro, phyllariis diameter; and the outer phyllaries 4-5 mm extetioribus 5-6 mm longis obovatis. long and ovate. The var. scaposa has the ped DIAGNOSIS OF HOLOTYPE: Branching shrub uncle 10-30em long; involucres in flower 5dm tall; principal leaves having petioles 10-11 mm in diameter; and the outer phyl 15-20mm long; blades 6-9 x 3-3.7cm, ob laries 5-6mm long, and obovate. lanceolate, white appressed strigose; heads The new epithet is the Latin adjective solitary; peduncles mostly 10-30em long, derived from scapus, a shaft, and in botany scapose; involucres in flower 10-11 Ill1rt in meaning a long, naked peduncle. diameter; outer phyllaries 5-6 mm long, obo vate; ray flowers 15, the rays 12 mm long, Lipochaeta lobata (Gaud.) DC., var. oblance ligulate, acute; disk flowers 5-lobed, Hosakae var. nov. about 160; disk achenes with the body DIACNOSIS HOLOTYPI: Petiolae 2-4 mm 2.5 x 1.3 mm cuneoid, compressed, pale longae sunt, laminis 2.5-5.3 em longis brown, with dark brown angles, pale scaly at 9-24mm latis subcoriaceis lanceolatis vel apex, the 2-3 awns 0.5-0.7mm long, nar anguste lanceolatis subacutis integribus vel rowly lanceolate; ray achenes with the body remote serrulatis basi rotundata supra seabra 3-3.5 mm long, trigonous obovoid, pale adpresse puberulis infra subadpresse pilo brown, the sharp angles scabrous, the apex sulis, phyllariis exterioribus 4 mm longis truncate, its rim ciliate with scales 0.3-0.5 mm ovatis, corollis disci 4-lobatis. long; disk achenes with the body 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, I mm thick, stramineous, 4 DIAGNOSIS OF HOLOTYPE: Petioles 2-4 mm angled, slightly compressed, cuneoid, the 4 long; blades 2.5-5.3 em long, 9-24mm wide, lanceolate awns 0.2-0.3 mm long. subcoriaceous, lanceolate or narrowly so, subacute, entire to remotely serrulate, the EXPANDED DESCRIPTION: Shrub 3-6dm tall; base rounded, above scabrous appressed petioles of principal leaves 12-25 mm long; puberulous, below subappressed pilosulous; blades 2-3.7cm wide; outer phyllaries outer phyllaries 4 mm long, ovate; disk 5-7 mm long; ray flowers 8-15, the rays corollas 4-lobed. 12-17mm long. EXPANDED DESCRIPTION: Blades 2-7em HOLOTYPUS: Hawaiian Islands, Kahoolawe long, 7-30 mm wide. Island, e. end ofWaikahalulu Bay, top oftalus slope below sea cliff, west exposure, 45 ft elev., HOLOTYPUS: Hawaiian Islands, Oahu 4-22-1980, G. Clarke & C. Corn 377 (BISH). Island, Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, on dry slope, Feb. 24, 1935, E. Y. Hosaka 1,281 (BISH). SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hawaiian Islands, Kahoolawe Island, e. coast of Waikahalulu SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hawaiian Islands, Bay, talus slope, 45 ft elev., 4-22-1980, Clark & Oahu Island, Makapuu Pt., Dec. 1925, O. Corn 376; and 379; 380; w. coast ofKamohio Degener 7,453; right fork of Wailupe Valley, Bay, talus slope with Heteropogon, Euphorbia 12 June 1920, D. W. Garber & C. N. Forbes prostrata, Setaria, 4-22-1980, Clarke & Corn 141; Kaena Pt., dry scrub, April 8, 1950, 382; 383; 384; 385; 386; and 390 (BISH). W. H. Hatheway & V. Hess 119; s. side of Molokini Island, Bishop Museum Expe Diamond Head, thicket on ridge, 150ft alt., dition, Feb. 10, 1913, C. N. Forbes (BISH). May I, 1955, H. St. John 25,523. Also there 264 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 38, July 1984

flo) 20", o10'__...... _....J.I-5 mm -I.C o

FIGURE 6. Lipochaeta lavarum (Gaud.) DC., var. scaposa 81. John, from holotype. a, habit, x I; b, head, x 2; c, ray floret, x 8; d, e, disk floret, x 8;j, chaff, x 8; g, h, ray achene, x 12; i,j, disk achene, x 12. Hawaiian Plant Studies I19-5T. JOHN 265 are 16 other collections, like the above in ish, and appressed ascending white setulose; (BISH). internodes 1-6.5 cm long; nodes slightly enlarged; petioles 7-18 mm long, narrow RANGE: Oahu, Makapuu Pt. to Kipapa ly winged, similarly setulose; blades Gulch, Lualualei; Kaena Pt. 1.5-4.5 x 0.6-3 cm, subcoriaceous, the prin DISCUSSION: L. lobata, var. lobata differs cipal ones broadly lanceolate, acute, cuneate from the above in having the blades ovate (or at base, 2-lobed near the base, the margins lanceolate); and the outer phyllaries 4-8 mm laciniate serrate, above green, below paler long, ovate to elliptic. green, appressed ascending white setulose and The new variety is dedicated to the writer's scabrous above, densely so below, secondary former student, Edward Yataro Hosaka veins 2-4in each half, arcuate ascending, (1906-1961), who became distinguished for below the veins elevated and prominent; his study of Kipapa Gulch, and his work on inflorescences terminal, cymose, with 4-9 Myrsine, on range legumes and grasses. heads, similarly setulose; peduncles 4-12 mm long; heads 14-22 mm across; involucre in L;pochaeta mau;ens;s sp. nov. (sect. flower 4 mm high, 5- 7 mm in diameter, hemi Lipochaeta), fig. 7 spheric; outer phYllaries 4-5 and 4-5.5 mm long, narrowly lanceolate; inner phyllaries DIAGNOSIS HOLOTYPI: Frutex caespitosus 5mm long, oblanceolate thin, ciliate, thinner; est, ramulis foliosis adpresse setulosis, petiolis chaff 4mm long, oblanceolate, plicate, scab 7-18 mm longis anguste alatis cum pilis simul rous towards the apex; ray florets 7-8, the antibus, laminis 1.5-4.5 x 0.6-3 cm sub ovary 2.1 mm long, narrowly trigonous obo coriaceis eis principalibus late lanceolatis void, hispidulous at apex and with 3 pappus acutis basi cuneata proxima basem bilobatis awns 1mm long; corolla tube 1mm long; ray marginibus laciniate serratis supra adpresse 10.5 mm long, 5mm wide, oblanceolate, the setulosis scabrisque infra densiore nervis sec apex notched and 6-toothed; disk florets undariis 2-4 in dimidio quoque infra nervis about 36, having the ovary 2 mm long, nar elevatis prominentibusque, inflorescentiis ter rowly oblong oblanceoloid, hispidulous at minalibus cymosis cum 4-9 capitis eis etiam apex and with 3 pappus awns 0.8 mm long; setulosis, pedunculis 4-12 mm longis, capitis corolla tube 2.2 mm long, the 4 lobes 1.2 mm 14-22 mm diametro, involucro in flore 4mm long, ovate, subacute; anthers 2mm long, alto 5-7 mm diametro hemisphaerico, phyl connate; (ripe achenes unknown). lariis exterioribus 4-5 et 4-5.5 mm longis anguste lanceolatis illis interioribus 5mm HOLOTYPUS: Hawaiian Islands, east Maui longis oblanceolatis ciliatis tenuioribus, Island, highway 31, and 5.5 miles s. e. of squamis 4mm longis oblanceolatis plicatis ad Ulupalakua Ranch Office, on exposed aa apicem scabris, flosculis radiatis 7-8 ovario lava, 500 malt., 18 Feb., 1975, R. Gardner 378 2.1 mm longo anguste deltoideo-obovoideo in (OS). Isotype (BISH). apice hispidulo et aculeis pappi 3 et 1mm DISCUSSION: Lipochaeta mauiensis is a longis, tubo corollae 1mm longo, radiis member of the section Lipochaeta, as is its 10.5 mm longis 5 mm latis oblanceolatis apice closest relative, L. nesophila St. John, of retuso et 6-dentato, flosculis disci circa 36 Niihau, a species with the blades firm ovario 2 mm longo anguste oblonge oblan chartaceous, and all except the smallest pin ceoloideo in apice hispidulo et cum 3 aculeis nately 3-10bed, 10-17 mm long, 6-10 mm pappi 0.8 mm longis, tubo corollae 2.2 mm wide, the central body 12-17mm long, oblan longo dimidio infero anguste tubuloso ceolate; the 4 outer phyllaries 3-3.5 (-4) mm dimidio supero campanulato, 4 lobis 1.2 mm long, ovate; rays 2.5 mm wide, broadly ellip longis ovatis subacutis, antheris 2 mm longis tic; and the disk florets about 15, the lobes connatis, (achaeneis maturis incognitis). 0.2 mm long. Lipochaeta mauiensis has the DIAGNOSIS OF HOLOTYPE: Caespitose shrub; blades subcoriaceous, and only the larger leafy branchlets 1-2mm in diameter, brown- principal leaves 3-10bed, 15-45mm long, 266 PACIFIC SCIENCE V o~--,--.---,--.-~,r;::------_.- ' olume 38, July 1984

0.5 ternI

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FIGURE7 L- I 0 1em _ IpOC 1Qeta m -- S '--'--' x S;f, chaff, x S_ aUlenSIS t. John, from holotype_ a , habit,x"I- b head, x 4-,c,ray fl oret, xS-d'"ed-ISkfloret, Hawaiian Plant Studies 119-ST. JOHN 267

6-30mm wide, the central body 20-40mm DIAGNOSIS OF HOLOTYPE: Low, compact, long, lanceolate, the 4-5 outer phyllaries branching shrub, somewhat over 30 em tall; 4-5.5 mm long, narrowly lanceolate; rays leafy branchlets 1-3 mm in diameter, at first 5mm wide, oblanceolate; and the disk florets square, pale brownish, appressed ascending about 36, the lobes 1.2 rom long. white setose; internodes 0.6-5 em long; nodes The new epithet is formed from the name of enlarged and setulose ringed; leaves opposite; the type locality, Maui, and -ensis, the Latin petioles 7-20 mm long, ascending, white adjectival suffix. setulose, broadly chann~led above; blades 2.7-6.2 x 1.3-3 em, subcoriaceous, elliptic, the apex narrowly obtuse, the base cuneate, the margins minutely flattened serrulate, Lipochaeta molokiniensis sp. nov. (sect. Aphanopappus), figs. 8,9 above dark green, and closely appressed as cending white setulose, below green, and DIAGNOSIS HOLOTYPI: Frutex hurnilis ramo similarly setulose, above the veins evident, but sus ultra 30 em altus est, ramulis foliosis below raised and very prominent, triplinerved adpresse setosis, nodis setulose cinctis, petiolis well above the base, and above there with 2-3 7-20mm longis ascendente setulosis, laminis secondary nerves on each side, curved ascend 2.7-6.2 x 1.3-3cm subcoriaceis ellipticis ing; inflorescence of 2 (-3) scapes, solitary at apice anguste obtuso basi cuneata marginibus upper nodes; peduncles 5-8 em long, ascend minute depresse serrulatis supra adpresse ing, appressed ascending white setulose; heads setulosis infra cum pilis simulantibus supra 2.5 em across; involucres in flower 8-10 mm nervis evidentibus sed infra elevatis supra high, 10-11 mm in diameter, hemispheric; basem triplinervosis turn in dimidio quoque outer phyllaries 4-5, and 9-11 mm long, cum 2-3 nervis secundariis ascendentibus, 2.5-3mm wide, oblong, the rounded apex inflorescentiis cum 2 (-3) seapis solitariis ex minutely subacute, rigid, at first green, later nodis superis, pedunculis 5-8 em longis ascen stramineous, appressed (or ascending) white dentibus et ascendente setulosis, capitulis setulose; inner phyllaries 12-13 rom long, 2.5 em diametro, involucro in flore 8-10 mm linear lanceolate; receptacle low convex; chaff alto 10-11 mm diametro hemisphaerico, 4-5 6.2-6.5 mm long, oblanceolate, navicular, phyllariis exterioribus 9-11 x 2.5-3 mm ob strongly keeled, the apical third green and longis apice rotundato minute subacuto rigi scabrous puberulous; ray florets 7-8, yellow, dibus viridibus tarde stramineis adpresse setu the rays 1O-12mm long, 4mm wide, elliptic losis, phyllariis interioribus 12-13 mm longis ligulate, 7-nerved, the apex trifid, retuse; lineari-Ianceolatis, receptaculo vadose con ovary 1.5 mm long, ellipsoid, 4-angled, the vexo, squamis 6.2-6.5 mm longis oblanceola angles ciliate and scaly; pappus of unequal tis navicularibus valde carinatis tertia apicali scales 0.3-1 mm long, lanceolate, puberulous viridi et scabre puberula, flosculis radiatis 7-8 and ciliate; disk flowers numerous, the ovary luteis laminis 10-12 x 4 rom elliptico-ligulatis 2 mm long, narrowly obovoid, compressed, 7-nervosis apice retuso trifido, flosculis disci puberulous; pappus of several unequal scales multis, tubo corollae 4 rom longo tertia mediali 0.3-1 mm long, lanceolate, scabrous puberu majori et 0.9 mm diametro, tertia apicali cam lous; corolla tube 4 mm long, the median third panulata, 5 lobis 0.7mm longis deltoideo enlarged and 0.9 rom in diameter, the apical ovatis, achaeneis radiatis 3.5 x 2 x 1.8 mm third campanulate; the 5 lobes 0.7mm long, obovoideis subtruncatis tetragonis aculeatis, deltoid ovate; free filament tips 1mm long; setis pappi 3-4 et 0.5-1 mm longis etiam anthers 2 mm long, dark, the pale ovate tips cum squamis minoribus lanceolatis multis, 0.3mm long; the 2 stigmas 0.7mm long, lan achaeneis disci 4-5 x 3-4 x 1.7-2 anguste ceolate, exserted; ray achenes 3.5 mm long, obovoideis biconvexis subtruncatis lateribus 2 mm wide, 1.8 rom thick, obovoid, subtrun laevibus setis pappi 3-4 et usque ad 1mm cate, 4-angled, stramineous, aculeate, the pap longis multis et cum squamis brevibus pus of 3-4 awns 0.5-1 rom long and numer lanceolatis. ous smaller lanceolate scales; disk achenes 268 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 38, July 1984

FIGURE 8. Lipochaeta molokiniensis St. John, from holotype. a, habit, x 1. Hawaiian Plant Studies 119-ST. JOHN 269

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FIGURE 9. Lipochaeta molokiniensis St. John, from holotype; b, head, x 4; c, ray flower, x 8; d, e, ray achene, x 12; f, g, disk flower, x 8; h, i, disk achene, x 12;j, chaff, x 8. 270 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 38, July 1984

4-5 x 3-4 x 1.7-2mm, narrowly obovoid, apice subacuto basi lata tum subito cuneata biconvex, subtruncate, the sides smooth, the supra albe setulosis scabris infra profusiore pappus of 3-4 awns up to 1mm long, and setulosis, cymis laxis cum 5 vel 7 capitulis, numerous shorter lanceolate scales. pedunculis 1.3-5.5 cm longis adpresse setu losis, capitulis fere 15 mm diametro, involucro EXPANDED DESCRIPTION: Blades 1.3-4.4 cm 4 mm alto hemisphaerico, 4 phyllariis ex wide, elliptic to ovate; heads 2.5-6 cm across; terioribus 3-3.5 (-4) mm longis ovatis ad outer phyllaries 9-14 mm long; ray flowers presse setosis squamis floralium 4 mm longis 7-10, the rays 10-17mm long. oblanceolatis carinatis proxima apicem pube HOLOTYPUS: Hawaiian Islands, Molokini rulis, flosculis radiatis compluribus tubo Island, w. side, n. e. exposure, slope 45°, 90 ft corollae 1.5 mm longo, radiis 6 x 2.5 mm late elev., just n. oflighthouse, only 2 plants seen, ellipticis apice emarginato, flosculis disci fere low and compact, vigor good, with scattered 15, ovario 2-2.2mm longo anguste cuneato bunches of Nicotiana glauca and Cenchrus compresso glabro, setis pappi 2-3 rigidis ciliaris as dominant ground cover, 4-23 0.5-1 mm longis, corollis 3.1 mm longis parte 1980, G. Clarke 401 (BISH). 3/4 infera anguste tubulosa parte supera campanulata, 4 lobis 0.2 mm longis ova SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hawaiian Islands, tis, achaeneis radiatis 2.5 x 1-1.3 x 0.8 mm Molokini Island, near coast, w. oflighthouse, trigono-cuneoideis lateribus tuberculatis an one large decumbent plant Itft tall, spreading gulis anguste alatis ascendente hirsutulis about 10ft, Feb. 18, 1982, R. Hobdy 1,252 proxima apicem ascendente puberulis, setis (BISH); dry slopes, 60-160ft alt., shrub 16 in pappi 3-4 erectis 0.5-1.5 mm longis. ches high, 8-13-1925, Harold Palmer 9 (BISH).

DISCUSSION: Lipochaeta molokiniensis is a DIAGNOSIS OF HOLOTYPE: Suffruticose, more member of the section Aphanopappus, as is its than 45 cm tall, many-branched shrub; leafy closest relative, L. lavarum (Gaud.) DC., of branchlets 0.5-2mm in diameter, 6-angled, Molokai, Molokini, Maui, and Hawaii, a reddish brown, and appressed ascending species with the petioles up to II mm in white setulose, scabrous; older stems 3-4mm length; blades 1.5-7cm long, 0.6-1.9 cm in diameter, brown, subterete; internodes wide; peduncle 2-5 cm long; and the outer 1-6cm long; nodes enlarged, and ringed by phyllaries 4.5-7 mm long, elliptic. L. molo the slightly perfoliate petiole bases; leaves kiniensis has the petioles 7-20 mm long; opposite; petioles 4-10 mm long, slender, blades 2.7-6.2cm long, 1.3-4.4cm wide; pe channeled above, appressed ascending white duncle 5-8 cm long; and the outer phyllaries setulose; blades 2-5 cm long, 5-35 mm wide, 9-14mm long, oblong, obtuse. firm chartaceous, all except the smallest pin nately 3-lobed, the lobes basal and on the larger blades 10-17 mm long, 6-10 mm wide, Lipochaeta nesophila sp. nov. (sect. obliquely elliptic, ascending, remotely serrate, Lipochaeta), fig. 10 the central lobe 12-17mm long, oblanceolate, DIAGNOSIS HOLOTYPI: Planta suffruticosa sharply serrate, the apex subacute, the base multiramosa ultra 45 cm alta est, ramulis wide, then abruptly cuneate, above dark green foliosis 6-angulosis adpresse setulosis scabris, and spaced ascending white setulose, scab ramis vetustioribus subteretibus, nodis in rous, below pale green and more abundantly basibus petiolorum paulo perfoliatis cinctis, setulose; inflorescence loosely cymose, with 5 petiolis 4-10 cm longis adpresse setulosis, lam or 7 heads; peduncles 1.3-5.5 cmlong, densely inis 2-5 x 0.5-3.5 cm fume chartaceis ex appressed ascending white setulose; heads cepta minimis omnibus pinnate 3-lobatis lobis about 15 mm in diameter, the involucre 4mm basalibus et in foliis majoribus 10-17mm high, hemispheric; 4 outer phyllaries 3-3.5 longis 6-10 mm latis oblique ellipticis ascen (-4) mm long, ovate, appressed ascending dentibus remote serratis loba centrali white setose; inner phyllaries 4 mm long, 12-17mm longa oblanceolata acriter serrata broadly ovate, acute, thinner than the outer; Hawaiian Plant Studies 119-ST. JOHN 271

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FIGURE 10. Lipochaeta nesophi/a St. John, from holotype. a, habit, x I; b, head, x 4; c, d, ray flower, x 8; e, chaff, x 8;f, g, ray achene, x 8; h, i, disk achene, x 8, 272 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 38, July 1984

chaff 4 mm long, oblanceolate, keeled, with sirculis brevibus axillaribus et ovatis subinte strong longitudinal veins, puberulous near the gribus sed plurimis ovatis ad sagittatis et cum apex; ray flowers several; corolla tube 1.5 mm lobis basalibus binis parte apicali longa pin long; ray 6mm long, 2.5mm wide; broadly nata vel bipinnata marginibus remote serratis elliptic, the apex emarginate; disk florets apice subacuto basi cuneata, cymis 3-(vel 1-) about 15; ovary 2-2.2mm long, narrowly capituliferis, pedunculis 2-4 mm longis, capi cuneate, compressed, glabrous; pappus of2-3 tulis 12-14mm diametro, involucro 4mm stiff awns 0.5-1 mm long; corolla 3.1 mm alto 6 mm diametro hemisphaerico, phyllariis long, the lower 3/4 narrowly tubulate, the exterioribus 4 et 3.5-4 x 1.3-1.5 mm ellip upper part campanulate, the 4 lobes 0.2 mm ticis subacutis adpresse setosis, phyllariis in long, ovate; ray achenes 2.5 mm long, terioribus simulantibus sed angustioribus, 1-1.3 mm wide, 0.8 mm thick, trigonous cune flosculis radii 5-6, tubo corollae 0.5 mm longo oid, brown, the sides tuberculate, the angles radio 7 x 4 mm elliptico retuso, flosculis disci narrowly winged and ascending hirsutulous, circa 22, corolla 3mm longa tubo 2.8 mm near the apex ascending puberulous; pappus longo dimidio infero anguste tubuloso parte of 3-4 erect bristles 0.5-1.5 mm long. supera campanulata, 5 lobis 0.8 mm longis ovatis acutis, squamis 4.5 mm longis oblan HOLOTYPUS: Hawaiian Islands, Niihau Is ceolatis plicatis ad apicem puberulis, land, south half of island, Jan. 1912, J. F. G. achaeneis radii 2.3 mm longis trigono Stokes (BISH). obovoideis tuberculatis apice puberulo, aristis DISCUSSION: The nearest relative ofthis new 0.5-1 mm longis puberulis, achaeneis disci species is Lipochaeta trifida (Sherff) St. John, 2.2-2.5 mm longis cuneate prismaticis tuber a species of Molokai, and it has the blades culosis apice convexo puberulo, aristis 8-13 x 2.5-6.5cm, with 1-3 lobes on each puberulis. side, the lobes broadly lanceolate, acute; outer phyllaries broadly lanceolate to broadly ovate DIAGNOSIS OF HOLOTYPE: Slender woody and acute; and the disk florets 20-25 in num vine, the herbage densely appressed white ber. Lipochaeta nesophi/a, of Niihau, has the setose throughout; leafy branchlets 0.5-1 mm blades 2-5 x 0.5-3.5 cm, I-lobed near the in diameter, red, square; internodes 1-25mm base on each margin, the lobes obliquely ellip long; nodes enlarged; leaves opposite; petioles tic; outer phyllaries ovate; and the disk florets 2-4 mm long, reddish, but the color masked about 15 in number. by the white pubescence; blades 6-22 x Gardner annotated the type specimen of 5-12 mm coriaceous, stiff, and mostly more Lipochaeta nesophi/a as L. Rockii, ofMolokai, or less folded, the smallest ones on short saying, "This specimen appears to be iden axillary shoots, ovate and almost entire, but tical to type of L. lobata, var. maunaloensis. most ofthe leaves ovate to sagittate in outline, Perhaps the label got mixed." The present butwith 2 deep basal lobes, but the long upper writer disagrees with Gardner's classification, part pinnate or bipinnate, the margins re and sees no reason to suggest that the Stokes motely serrate, the apex subacute, the base collection did not come from Niihau. cuneate, below the midrib and laterals green The new epithet is formed from the Greek or red, secondary veins 3-4 in each half, pro nesos, island, and phi/eo, to love, and it refers minent; cymes (1- or) 3-headed; peduncles to the island habitat of the species. 2-4cm long; heads 12-14mm across; invo lucre in flower 4mm tall, 6mm in diameter, Lipochaeta pinnatijida sp. nov. (sect. hemispheric; outer phyllaries 4, and 3.5-4mm Aphanopappus), fig. 11 long, 1.3-1.5 mm wide, elliptic, subacute, densely appressed ascending white setose; DIAGNOSIS HOLOTYPI: Frutex lignosus graci inner phyllaries similar but narrower; ray lis est, herba omnino adpresse setosa, petiolis flowers 5-6, the ovary 1.7 mm long, trigonous 2-4mm longis a pilis velatis, laminis narrow obovoid, hispidulous at apex, and 6-20 x 5-12mm coriaceis eis minoribus in with 2-3 pappus awns 0.5-1 mm long, and Hawaiian Plant Studies 119-ST. JOHN 273

g o lem

FIGURE 1I. Lipochaeta pinnatifida St. John, from holotype. a, habit, x I; b, head, x 4; c, ray flower, x 8; d, e, disk flower, x 8;f, ray achene, x 12; g, disk achene, x 12; h, chaff, x 8; i, ray achene, x 12;j, disk achene, x 12. 274 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 38, July 1984 ascending puberulous; corolla tube 0.5 mm ratis, nodis cum circulo angusto herbaceo in long; ray 7mm long, 4 mm wide, elliptic, terpetiolari, laminis 6.5-14.5 x 1.7-4.5cm retuse; disk flowers about 22, the ovary chartaceis ellipticis et aequaliter in apicibus 1.5 mm long, prismatic, hispidulous at apex ambis deminuentibus apice acuto marginibus and with 1-3 pappus awns I mm long, ascend omnino integribus vel in eis majoribus remote ing puberulous; corolla 3mm long, the tube umbonatis ab apicibus venularum in paginis 2.8 mm long, the lower halfnarrowly tubular, ambis adpresse puberulis basibus albis pustu the upper campanulate, the 5 lobes 0.8 mm latis, cymis 4-IOcm longis laxis et cum 2-5 long, ovate, acute; anthers 1.2 mm long, capitibus adpresse puberulis, pedunculo connate, chaff 4.5 mm long, oblanceolate, 2.5-4 cm longo, pedicellis 0.6-7 cm longis, plicate, magentatipped, and ciliolate and capitulis 15mm diametro, involucris 4mm puberulous towards the apex; ray achenes altis hemisphaericis, phyllariis exterioribus 4 2.3 mm long, trigonous obovoid, tuberculate, et 3.5-4 mm longis late lanceolatis adpresse the subtruncate apex puberulous as are the puberulis, illis interioribus simulantibus sed 0.5-1 mm awns; disk achenes 2.2-2.5 mm latioribus, squarnis 2.8 mm longis oblan long, cuneate prismatic, tuberculate, the con ceolatis, flosculis radiatis 6, tubo corollae vex apex puberulous, as are the pappus awns. 1.7 mm longo, radiis 4.5 x 2.2 mm ellipticis retusis, flosculis disci 12-16, tubo corollae HOLOTYPUS: Hawaiian Islands, Hawaii 1.2mm longo, 4 lobis 0.7-1.2mm lan Island, Waimea, several hundred meters n. of ceo-ovatis, achaeneis radiatis 1.9 x I mm Pu'u Pa'a, near tank road, population of 2-4 oblongo-ellipsoideis in apice puberulentis, dozen plants, samples taken from 6-10 plants achaeneis disci 2.2 x 0.8 mm oblongo to show the considerable variability, (mixed ellipsoideis in apice puberulis. with no. 3,160A), 2,400 ft elev., I Feb. 1981, F. R. Warshauer 3,160 (BISH). DIAGNOSIS OF HOLOTYPE: Shrub 4 m tall, DISCUSSION: Lipochaeta pinnatifida is a freely forking; older stems 5-13 mm in diame member of section Aphanopappus. Its closest ter, strongly woody, but becoming hollow; relative, L. nesophila St. John, of Niihau, a bark brown, nearly smooth, but with fine species with the petioles 4-10 mm long; longitudinal ridges; leafy branchlets 0.7 blades 20-50mm long, 5-35mm wide, firm 4mm in diameter, appressed ascending white chartaceous, pinnately 3-10bed, the basal puberulent, subglabrate; internodes 1-15 cm lobes 6-10 mm wide, central lobe oblanceo long; nodes with a narrow herbaceous late; cymes with 5 or 7 heads; outer phyllaries interpetiolar rirtg; leaf scars 4-5 mm wide, ovate; ray 6 mm long, 2.5 mm wide; disk narrowly lunate; bundle scars 3; petioles florets about 15; and the ray achenes with the 2-12cm long; leaves opposite; blades sides hirsutulous. Lipochaeta pinnatifida has 6.5-14.5 x 1.7-4.5cm, chartaceous, elliptic the petioles 2-4mm long; blades 6-20mm and tapering equally to either end, the apex long, 5-12 mm wide, coriaceous, pinnately acute, the margins completely entire or on 3-10bed, the basal lobes 1-4mm wide; central large blades with a few remote ascending lobes narrowly lanceolate; cymes with 3 or I umbonate veinlet tips, on both sides ap heads; outer phyllaries elliptic, subacute; ray pressed ascending white puberulous, the hairs 7mm long, 4 mm wide; disk florets about 22; separate and from white pustulate bases, and the ray achenes with the sides glabrous. above dark green, below paler, the secondary The new epithet is chosen with reference to veins 4-6 in each half, curved ascending; the shape of the leaf blades. inflorescence a cyme 4-10 cm long, loose and 2-5-headed, appressed ascending white puberulent; peduncle 2.5-4 cm long; bracts Lipochaeta robusta sp. nov. (sect. 2-4cm long, foliaceous; pedicels 0.6-7 cm Lipochaeta), fig. 12 long; heads 15 mm in diameter; involucre 4 mm DIAGNOSIS HOLOTYPI: Frutex 4 m altus est, high, hemispheric; outer phyllaries 4, and ramulis foliosis adpresse puberulis subglab- 3.5-4 mm long, broadly lanceolate, appressed Hawaiian Plant Studies 119-ST. JOHN 275

b " 1~","

"i "J! ~I fJ e g 0d f

5C,," " 1 ~"'" " , FIGURE 12. Lipochaela robusla St. John, from holotype. a, habit, x 1; b, head, x 4; c, ray flower, x 8; d, ray achene, x 8; e, disk flower, x 8;f, disk achene, x 8; g, chaff, x 8. ascending white puberulent; inner phyllaries elliptic, retuse; 12-16 disk florets; ovary of equal length, similar, but broader; recep 0.7 x 0.5 mm, oblong ellipsoid, puberulous at tacle convex; chaff2.8 mm long, oblanceolate, tip; corolla tube 1.2 mm long; 4 corolla lobes navicular, cartilaginous, minutely puberu 0.7-1.2mm long, lance ovate, acute; filament lous; ray flowers 6, the ovary 2 mm long, tube 1.7 mm long; 4 anthers 1mm long; style 0.7 mm wide, cuneoid, puberulous at apex; 3mm long; stigmas 0.5 mm long, linear; ray corolla tube 1.7mm long; ray 4.5 x 2.2mm, achenes 1.9 x 1mm, oblong ellipsoid, puber- 276 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 38, July 1984 ulous at apex; disk achenes 2.2 x 0.8 mm, HOLOTYPUS: Hawaiian Islands, Kahoolawe oblong ellipsoid, puberulent at apex. Island, alongside jeep road from Hanakahaea Bay, just s. of the concrete observation post, HOLOTYPUS: Hawaiian Islands, east Maui, rocky substrate, 90 ft elev., 3 plants 20-28 Hana, Puu Ki, edge of lower woods, 900 ft inches high, 4-21-1980, G. Clarke & C. Corn alt., Dec. 31, 1936, H. St. John & R. J. Catto 374 (BISH). 17,891 (BISH). SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hawaiian Islands, DISCUSSION: Lipochaeta robusta is a mem Kahoolawe Island, Hanakanaea Bay, s. of ber of the section Lipochaeta. Its closest rela concrete observation post, rocky substrate, tive, L. Christophersenii St. John, of the 90 ft elev., 4-21-1980, G. Clarke & C. Corn 373 Waianae Mts., Oahu, a species with the leafy (BISH); first small bay s. w. ofHonokaoa Bay, branchlets appressed hirsutulous; petioles under Prospis, with Bidens pilosa, Cheno 2-4mmlong; blades 3-12 x 0.8-3.2cm, lan podium album, 10 ft elev., 4-21-1980, Clarke & ceolate to narrowly so, appressed hirsutulous, Corn 357 (BISH). the margins remotely low serrulate, the sec ondary veins 8-10 in each half; heads 2.5-3 cm in diameter; outer phyllaries 6-10 Lipochaeta setosa sp. nov. (sect. (-12) mm long, appressed hirsutulous; chaff Aphanopappus), fig. 13 5 mm long; ray florets 10-14, the rays 11 x 4 mm; disk florets about 40, each with DIAGNOSIS HOLOTYPI: Frutex scandens om 5 corolla lobes; ray achenes 3 x 2-2.7mm, nino dense adpresse setulosus est, petiolis and with two I-mm awns; disk achenes 5-15 mm longis, caule principali cum laminis 2.9 x 0.8 mm, and with two awns. Lipochaeta principalibus 3.3-3.6 x 2-2.1 cm coriaceis robusta has the leafy branchlets appressed deltoideo-lanceolatis integribus lanceolatis puberulent; petioles 3-12mm long; blades varie deltoideo-lanceolatis basi cuneata varie 6.5-14.5 x 1.7-4.5cm, elliptic, acute, ap subcordata marginibus profunde serratis pressed puberulous, the margins entire, the infra midnervo et nervis secundariis elevatis secondary veins 4-6 in each half; heads 1.5 cm nervis secundariis 2-3 in dimidio quoque in diameter; outer phyllaries 3.5-4 mm long, supra et infra dense adpresse setosis scabris appressed puberulent; chaff 2.8 mm long; ray que, ramis lateralibus cum petiolis 5-12mm florets 6, the rays 4.5 x 2.2 mm; disk florets longis laminis 1.5-3.2 x 0.8-2cm anguste 12-16 and each with 4 corolla lobes; ray varie late lanceolatis, cymis terminalibus cum achenes 1.9 x 1mm, awnless; disk achenes 1-2 (-4) capitibus, pedunculis 11-50mm 2.2 x 0.8 mm, awnless. longis, capitibus 15 mm diametro, involucro The new epithet is the Latin adjective robus in flore 4-5 mm diametro, phyllariis ex tus, robust, and itis given with reference to the terioribus 4 et 5-7 mm longis ellipticis acutis unusual large stature of the plant. adpresse setulosis, flosculis radii 4-6, tubo corollae 1mm longo, radio 12.5 x 7 mm ellip tico emarginato, flosculis disci 24 et ovario Lipochaeta Rockii Sherff, var. parva var. cum 2 setis pappi 1mm longis ascendente nov. puberulis, tubo corollae 3 mm longo dimidio basali anguste tubuloso dimidio apicali DIAGNOSIS HOLOTYPI: A specie differt in phyl anguste campanulato, 5 lobis 1mm longis lariis exterioribus 2-3.2 mm longis ellipticis. anguste ovatis acutis, achaeneis radiatis DIAGNOSIS OF HOLOTYPE: Resembling Lipo 2.5 x 1.5 mm deltoideo-obovoideis tubercu chaeta Rockii in having the blades appressed latis et cum marginibus tuberculatis apice setulose and very scabrous, in having the alate conico puherulo et cum 1-2 aristis pappi petioles perfoliate, and in having the larger 1mm longis ascendente puberulis deciduis, blades slightly pinnately lobed. Differing in achaeneis disci 2-2.5 mm longis deltoideo having the outer phyllaries 2-3.2 mm long oblanceoloideis minute tuberculosis apice and elliptic. puberulo aristis deciduis. Hawaiian Plant Studies 119-ST. JOHN 277

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FIGURE 13. Lipochaela selosa St. John, from holotype. a, habit, x I; b, head, x 4; c, ray floret, x 8; d, e, disk floret, x 8;f, disk achene, x 12; g, ray achene, x 12. 278 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 38, July 1984

DIAGNOSIS OF HOLOTYPE: Scandent shrub, long; blades 3.5-10cm long, 2.5-8cm wide, densely white appressed ascending setulose broadly deltoid ovate to lance ovate, below and scabrous throughout; leafy branchlets appressed setulose on the veins and veinlets; 1-2mm in diameter, square; internodes outer phyllaries 5-8.5 mm long, lance elliptic; 1-10.5 cm long; nodes slightly enlarged; ray florets 7-8, the rays 9.3 mm long, 4mm leaves opposite; petioles 5-15 mm long, green; wide; anthers 1.5 mm long; ray achenes principal blades of the main stem 3.3-3.6 x 2.8 mm long; disk flowers 45, the corolla 2-2.1 cm, coriaceous, entire, lanceolate to 3.3 mm long; and the disk achenes 2.8 mm deltoid lanceolate, cuneate to subcordate, the long, 2.2 mm wide. Lipochaeta setosa has the apex acute, the margins deeply serrate, green, petioles 5-17 mm long; blades 0.9-3.7 cm below the midrib and secondaries elevated, long, 0.5-2.2 cm wide, deltoid to narrowly secondary veins 2-3 in each half, arcuate as lanceolate, and on both sides densely ap cending; above and below densely appressed pressed setose and scabrous; outer phyllaries setose and scabrous; leaves oflateral branches 5-7, elliptic, acute; ray florets 4-6; rays with petioles 5-12 mm long, the blades 12.5 mm long, 7 mm wide, elliptic; anthers 1.5-3.2 x 0.8-2cm, narrowly lanceolate; 2mm long; ray achenes 2.5mm long; disk cymes terminal, 1-2 (-4) headed; peduncles florets 20-30, the corolla 4.5 mm long; disk 11-50 mm long; heads 15 mm across; invol achenes 2-2.8 mm long, and 1-1.2mm wide. ucre in flower 4-5 mm tall, 6-7 mm across; The new epithet is the Latin adjective outer phyllaries 4, and 5-7 mm long, elliptic, setosa, bristly, and it is given in reference to acute, appressed ascending white setulose, the pubescence of the plant. inner phyllaries similar; ray flowers 4-6, the 2 ovary mm long, obovoid, puberulous at Lipochaeta vittata sp. nov., (sect. apex, and with 3 pappus awns 1.7 mm long, Lipochaeta), fig. 14 ascending puberulous; corolla tube 1mm long; ray 12.5 mm long, 7mm wide, broadly DIAGNOSIS HOLOTYPI: Planta suffrutes- elliptic, emarginate; disk flowers 24, and the cens 1malta ramosa est, ramulis foliosis ovary 1.5 mm long, prismatic, puberulous at sparse adpresse hirsutulis, petiolis 4-13 mm apex, with 2 pappus awns 1mm long, ascend longis cum pilis simulantibus, laminis ing puberulous; corolla tube 3mm long, the 3.5-8 x 0.7-2cm chartaceis anguste lan lower half narrowly tubular, the upper half ceolatis obtusis basi anguste cuneata margi narrowly campanu1ate, the 5 lobes 1mm long, nibus subintegribus supra remote adpresse narrowly ovate, acute; anthers 2 mm long, hirsutulis infra cum pilis simulantibus sed connate; ray achenes 2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm paulum cumulatioribus, cymis terminali wide, trigonous obovoid, tuberculate and tub bus 1-3-capitatis erectis laxis, pedunculis erculate margined, the conic apex puberulous, 2-11.5 cm longis cum pilis simulantibus, with 1-2 pappus awns 1mm long, ascend capitibus 2.3-2.8 cm diametro, involucro ing puberulous, deciduous; disk achenes 6-8 mm alto hemisphaerico, 4 phyllariis ex 2-2.3 mm long, trigonous oblanceoloid, terioribus 7-9 mm longis parte 2/5 basali ligu blackish, minutely tuberculate, the apex late naviculari valde incrassata et rigida puberulous, the awns deciduous. straminea et adpresse ascendente grosse hispi dula parte 3/5 apicali elliptica foliacea pilis HOLOTYPUS: Hawaiian Islands, Hawaii plerumque sursum midnervo, receptaculo Island, USFWS, Forest Bird Survey, humiliter convexo, 8 flosculis radiatis luteis Waimea, several hundred m n. of Pu'u Pa'a, 14 x 2.5mm ligulatis tubo 2mm longo, near tank road, 2, 400ft elev., 1 Feb. 1981, F. 25 flosculis disci 6mm longis, corollis R. Warshauer 3,160A (BISH). luteis tubo 3 mm longo parte basali 1mm DISCUSSION: Lipochaeta setosa is a member longa 0.4 mm diametro tubulosa parte of the section Aphanopappus, as is its closest apicali campanulata, 410bis 0.7-1 mm longis relative, L. populi/olia (Sherff) Gardner, of ovatis subacutis, squamis 5mm longis obIan Hawaii, a species with the petioles 8-30 mm ceolatis apiculatis apice purpureo, achaeneis Hawaiian Plant Studies 119-ST. JOHN 279

radiatis cum corpore 3 x 1 x 0.7 mm deltoide oblanceo-ellipsoideo laevibus marginibus membranaceo-alatis, 3 seti subulatis 0.6 0.8 mm longis, achaeneis disci cum corpore 3.1-3.3 x 0.7-0.8mm anguste ellipsoideo compresso laevi marginibus in tertia apicali paulum membranceo-alatis, 2 aristis pappi 0.5-0.8 mm longis subulatis.

DIAGNOSIS OF HOLOTYPE: Suffrutescent plant 1m tall, branching; leafy branchlets 0.7-2 mm in diameter, stramineous and sparsely ap pressed ascending white hirsutulous; inter nodes 3.5-lOcm long; nodes enlarged; leaves opposite, ascending; petioles 4-13 mm long, with similar pubescence, broadly channeled above; blades 3.5-8cm long, 7-20mm wide, chartaceous, narrowly lanceolate, obtuse, the base narrowly cuneate, the margins subentire, above dark green and remotely appressed white hirsutulous, below pale green, and with similar hairs, a little more abundant, second ary veins 4-6 in each half, the middle and upper ones arcuate ascending; cymes ter minal, 1-3-headed, erect, loose; peduncles 2-11.5 cm long, slender, bractless, with similar pubescence; heads 2.3-2.8 cm across; involucre 6-8 mm high, hemispheric; 4 outer phyllaries 7-9 mm long, the basal 2/5 1.3-2mm wide, ligulate, navicular, much thickened and rigid, stramineous, and ap pressed ascending coarse hispidulous; the api cal 3/5 elliptic, foliaceous, hairy mostly up the midrib; inner phyllaries slightly shorter, ellip tic, foliaceous; receptacle low convex; ray florets 8, yellow, 14 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, ligulate, 7-nerved, the apex minutely bifid, the tube 2 mm long; ovary 2 mm long, narrowly ellipsoid, compressed; pappus of 2 subulate bristles 0.6-0.7 mm long; style 3mm long; 2 stigmas 1mm long; disk flowers 25, and 6 mm long; ovary 1.8 mm long, oblanceoloid, compressed; pappus of 2 subulate bristles 0.6-0.7 mm long; corolla yellow, the tube 3mm long, the lower part 1mm long, 0.4 mm in diameter, tubular, the upper part campanu late, 1.5-2mm long; the 4 lobes 0.7-1 mm long, ovate, subacute; style base 0.5 mm long, urceolate, dark; style 3mm long; 2 stigmas FIGURE 14. Lipochaeta vittata St. John, from ho1otype. a, habit, x t; b, head, x 2; c, ray floret, x 4; d, e, disk floret, 0.5 mm long; chaff 5mm long, oblanceolate, x 4;f, chaff, x 8; g, disk achene, x 6; h, ray achene, x 6. apiculate, purple-tipped; ray achenes with the 280 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 38, July 1984 body 3 mm long, 1mm wide, 0.7 mm thick, capitibus 2.7-3 cm diametro, phyllariis ex deltoid oblance ellipsoid, blackish, smooth, terioribus 4-5 et 4 mm longis ovatis subacutis the margins membranous alate, the 3 awns adpresse ascendente setulosis, flosculis radia 0.6-0.8 mm long, subulate; disk achenes with tis 9 tubo 2mm longo, radiis 17.7 x 7.5mm the body 3.1-3.3mm long, 0.7-0.8mm wide, ellipticis extra puberulis tridentatis, flosculis 0.3 mm thick, narrowly ellipsoid, compressed, disci circa 32 tubo 3mm longo 5 lobis 1mm dark brown, smooth, the margins slightly longis ovatis, staminibus separatis, antheris membranous alate in the apical third; 2 awns 1.9 mm longis, achaeneis radiatis cum corpore of the pappus 0.5-0.8 mm long, subulate. 3 x 2.2 x 1.5 mm obovoideis 4-angulosis, setis 4 et 0.5-1.2mm longis, achaeneis disci HOLOTYPUS: Hawaiian Islands, Oahu Is cum corpore 2.5 x 1 x 0.5 mm oblan land, Kaena Point, N. Shore Road, mile w. t ceoloideis 4 setis 0.7 mm longis subulatis. ofimproved road end, 100 yards from ocean, in tangled shrubby clumps, 10 malt., 7 Jan. DIAGNOSIS OF HOLOTYPE: Suffrutescent 1974, R. Gardner 281 (BISH). branching perennial shrub, more than 45 cm DISCUSSION: The chromosome number was tall; branches 1-4mm in diameter, subterete, determined by R. C. Gardner as 2n = 2611 + but with 6-7 strong rounded ridges, these 4B. He determined this specimen as Lipochaeta glabrate, but the valleys persistently white ap lobata, var. lobata. pressed setulose; internodes 1-8cm long; Lipochaeta vittata is a member of the sec nodes ringed, but only slightly enlarged; tion Lipochaeta, but the most similar species, leaves ascending or later diverging, white L. Christophersenii St. John, is in the section appressed ascending setulose throughout, Aphanopappus, and it has the petioles 2-4mm scarcely scabrous; petioles 6-11 mm long, long; blades 3-12 x 0.8-3.2cm, the margins blades 25-50 x 4-20mm, coriaceous, scab low serrulate, secondary veins 8-10 in each rous, lanceolate to narrowly so, the base nar half; outer phyllaries 6-10 (-12)mm long, rowly cuneate and attenuate decurrent, the lance ovate, herbaceous; ray florets 10-14, the margins low serrate, the veins evident above rays 11 x 4 mm, oblong elliptic; chaffpuberu and prominently raised below, prominently 3 lous near the apex; disk florets about 40, the pli-nerved, the two laterals strongly ascend tube 2 mm long, 5-1obed, and the disk achenes ing, and beyond them only 2-3 laterals to a with the body 2.9 mm long. L. vittata has the side; cymes (1-) or 3-headed; peduncles petioles 4-13 mm long; blades 3.5-8 x 1.5-10cm long; heads 2.7-3cm in diameter; 0.7-2cm, the margins subentire, the second involucre 5-6mm tall, hemispheric; outer ary veins 4-6 in each half; outer phyllaries phyllaries 4-5 and 4mm long, ovate, sub 7-9 mm long, ligulate, thickened and rigid; acute, white, but green tipped, white ap ray florets 8, the rays 14 x 2.5 mm, ligulate; pressed ascending setulose throughout; inner chaff glabrous; disk florets 25, the tube j Inm phyllaries 4-4.5 mm long, similar but thinner; long, 4-1obed; and the disk achenes with the chaff 3.7 mm long, broadly spatulate, ap body 3.1-3.3mm long. pressed puberulous without; ray florets 9, the tube 2mm long; ray 17.7 x 7.5mm, elliptic, Lipochaeta Warshaueri sp. nov. (sect. puberulous without, at tips with 3 rounded Aphanopappus), fig. 15 teeth; style 3 mm long; disk flowers about 32, the ovary 2 mm long, obovate, with 2 awns, DIAGNOSIS HOLOTYPI: Frutex perennis suf the tube 3 mm long, the upper 1mm obovoid; frutescens ramosus ultra 45 cm altus est, the 5 lobes 1mm long, ovate; filaments 1.2 mm ramulis in valleculis adpresse setulosis, foliis long, separate; anthers 1.9 rom long, almost omnino setulosis, petiolis 6-11 mm long, lam linear, the connective at tip ovoid, projecting inis 25-50 x 4-20 mm coriaceis scabris lan 0.2 mm; style 3 mm long; 2 stigmas 0.7 mm ceolatis in basi decurrentibus marginibus long, recurving; ray achenes with the body vadose serratis prominente triplinervosis, 3 x 2.2 x 1.5 mm, obovoid, compressed, with cymis 3 (-1); pedunculis 1.5-1Ocm longis, 4 prominent rounded angles, at apex with 4 Hawaiian Plant Studies 119-ST. JOHN 281

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FIGURE IS. Lipochaeta Warshaueri St. John, from holotype. a, habit, x t; b, head, x 2; c, ray floret, x 4; d, e, disk floret, x 4;j, chaff, x 4; g, h, ray achene, x 6; i,j, disk achene, x 6. 282 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 38, July 1984

awns 0.5-1.2 mm long, and numerous smaller cles 1-2cm long; heads 8-10 mm in diameter; ones; disk achenes with the body outer phyllaries 2.5 mm long, glabrous; ray 2.5 x 1 x 0.5 mm, oblanceoloid, the 4 awns florets 4; ray 3mm long, bidentate; disk florets 0.7 mm long, subulate. with the tube hirsutulous. L. Warshaueri has SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION: Petioles 4 an erect habit; blades 25-50 x 4-20 mm, trip linerved; cymes 3-(1-) headed; peduncles 11 mm long; blades 20-50 x 3-20 mm; pe 1.5-10cm long; heads 27-30 mm in diameter; duncles 1-10cm long; outer phyllaries 2.5-5, outer phyllaries 4 mm long, ascending setu mostly 4 mm long. lose; ray florets 9; rays l7.7mm long, triden HOLOTYPUS: Hawaiian Islands, Hawaii tate; disk florets with the tube glabrous. Island, Kohala Dist., Waimea Plain, near The new epithet is given in honor of the base of Kohala slopes, gulch next to Waika collector, Frederick Richard Warshauer mali Gulch, 1,680ft elev., 31 Jan. 1981, (1946- ), born in Denver, Colorado, son of U.S.F.W.S. Forest Bird Survey, F. R. War Dr. Frederick B. and Faye Anne Dale Warsh shauer 3,159 (BISH). auer. He earned in 1960 a B.S. in zoology at Colorado State University, and in 1970 an SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hawaiian Islands, M.S. at the University ofHawaii, and recently Hawaii Island, Kohala Dist., Waimea worked as botanist for the Forest Bird Survey Kawaihae Road corridor, lower part, 17 Sept. in Hawaii, by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife 1980, P. H. McEldowney 80-41, and 80-42 Service. (BISH); ditto, 18 Jan. 1980, McEldowney s. n. (BISH).

DISCUSSION: Lipochaeta Warshaueri is a LITERATURE CITED member ofthe section Aphanopappus, as is its closest relative, L. porophila Deg. & Deg., of GARDNER, ROBERT C. 1979. Revision of Lipo Kau District, Hawaii, a species with a pro chaeta (Compositae Heliantheae) of the cumbent habit; blades 10-40 x 3-15mm, Hawaiian Islands. Rhodora 81 :291-343, pinnately nerved; cymes 1-(2-) headed; pedun- figs. 1-10.