U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center Civil War-Battles-1863- 950 Soldiers Drive , PA 17013-5021 30 Apr 2013

GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN & BATTLE, Jun-Jul, 1863

A Working Bibliography of MHI Sources

CAMPAIGN SOURCES

CONTENTS General Sources…..p.1 Specific Actions…..p. -Brandy Station (9 Jun).....p.2 -Martinsburg (14 Jun)…...4 -Winchester (12-15 Jun)…..p.4 -Aldie, Middleburg, Upperville (17-21 Jun)…..p.5 -Stuart's Raid (24 Jun-2 Jul)…..p.5 -CS Raid on Gettysburg (26 Jun)…..p.7 -Carlisle & Points East (27 Jun-2 Jul)…..p.7 -York (28 Jun)…..p.7 -Fountaindale (28 Jun)..…p.8 -Westminster (29 Jun)..…p.8 -Hanover (29 Jun).….p.8 -Hunterstown (2 Jul)…..p.9 -Fairfield (3 Jul).….p.9 -Smithburg, MD (5 Jul)…..p.9 -Funkstown (10 Jul)…..p.9 -Retreat (4-12 Jul).....p.9 Other…..p.11

GENERAL SOURCES

Bearss, Edwin C., & Hill, J. P. Receding Tide: Vicksburg and Gettysburg: The Campaigns that Changed the Civil War. Wash, DC: National Geographic Society, 2010. 399 p. E475.27.B423.

Gottfried, Bradley M. Roads to Gettysburg: Lee’s Invasion of the North, 1863. Shippensburg, PA: White Mane, 2001. 300 p. E475.52.G68. Day-by-day event narrative. Gettysburg-Campaign p.2

Haines, Douglas C. “The Advance of Ewell’s Corp’s [sic] June 18 Through June 29.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 33: pp. 7-26. E475.53.G482no33.

_____. “The Advance of Longstreet’s First Corps to Gettysburg.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 39: pp. 7-44. E475.53.G482no39.

Hall, Clark B. “’The Army is Moving’: Lee’s March to the Potomac, 1863: Rodes Spearheads the Way.” Blue & Gray (Spring 2004): pp. 6-10, 11-17, 19-22 & 44-66.. Per.

Himmer, Robert. “A Matter of Time: The Issuance of the Pipe Creek Circular.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 46: pp. 7-18. E475.53.G482no46.

Long, Roger. "General Orders No. 72: 'By Command of Gen. R.E. Lee.'" Gettysburg Magazine No. 7: pp. 13-22. E475.53.G482no7. (Lee's orders for the conduct of his troops in PA).

Vermilyea, Peter C. “’To Prepare for the Emergency’: Military Operations in the Gettysburg Area Through June 24, 1863.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 32: pp. 39-48. E475.53.G482no32.

Wenger, Warren D. Western , Springboard of the to Gettysburg. Bridgeton, NJ: Eugene Printing, 1997. 38 p. E475.51.W46.

Woodworth, Steven E. Beneath a Northern Sky: A Short History of the . Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008. 229 p. E475.51.W662.

-Brandy Station

Beattie, Dan. Brandy Station, 1863: First Step towards Gettysburg. NY: Osprey, 2008. 96 p. E475.51.B43.

Beck, R. Mc. "General JEB Stuart at Brandy Station, June 9, 1863." Journal of the Association (May/Jun 1935): pp. 5-10. Per.

Borke, Heros von, & Scheibert, Justus. The Great Cavalry , 9 June 1863. Winston Salem, NC: Palaemon, 1976. 143 p. E475.51.B67.

Bowmaster, Patrick A. “Beverly H. Robertson and the Battle of Brandy Station.” Blue & Gray (Fall 1996): pp. 20-22 & 24-33. Per.

Brennan, Patrick. “Thunder on the Plains of Brandy.” North & South (Apr 2002): pp. 14-34 & (May 2002): pp. 32-51. Per.

Davis, George B. "The Cavalry Combat at Brandy Station, Va., on June 9, 1863." Journal of the United States Cavalry Association (1914): pp. 190-98. Per.

Downey, Fairfax. Clash of Cavalry: The Battle of Brandy Station. Gaithersburg, MD: Butternut, 1985 reprint of 1959 ed. 238 p. E475.51D745. Gettysburg-Campaign p.3

Elliot-Wright, Phillip. “Cavalry Clash at Brandy Station.” Military Illustrated (Aug 2002): pp. 32-39. Per.

Fleek, Sherman L. "Swirling Cavalry Fight." America's Civil War (Sep 1989): pp. 42-49. Per.

Ford, Charles W. "Charge of the First Maine Cavalry at Brandy Station." In War Papers (MOLLUS, ME, Vol. 2). Portland, ME: Thurston, 1900. pp. 268-289. E464.M5.1991v17.

Gallagher, Gary W. "Brandy Station: The Civil War's Bloodiest Arena of Mounted Combat." Blue & Gray (Oct 1990): pp. 8-20, 22 & 44-56. Per.

Hall, Clark B. "The Battle of Brandy Station." Civil War Times Illustrated (Jun 1990): pp. 32-42 & 45. Per.

_____. "Long and Desperate Encounter: Buford at Brandy Station." Civil War VIII (Jul/Aug 1990): pp. 12-17 & 66-67. Per.

Kennedy, William V. "The Cavalry Battle at Brandy Station." Armor (1956): pp. 27-31. Per.

Longacre, Edward G., editor. "A Race for Life at Brandy Station." Civil War Times Illustrated (Dec 1979): pp. 32-38. Per. [Henry C. Whelan, 6th Cavalry]

McKinney, Joseph W. Brandy Station, , June 9, 1863: The Largest Cavalry Battle of the Civil War. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2006. 331 p. E475.51M34.

Newhall, Frederick C. "The Battle of Beverly Ford." Annals of the War Written by Leading Participants North and South. Dayton, OH: Morningside, 1988. pp. 134-146. E464.A6.

Nielson, Jon M., editor. "The Prettiest Cavalry Fight You Ever Saw." Civil War W Times Illustrated (Jul 1978): pp. 4-12 & 42. Per. Account, 2nd New Jersey Cavalry.

Nye, Wilbur S. "Brandy Station, June 9: Stuart vs. Pleasanton." Civil War Times Illustrated (Jul 1963): p. 23. Per.

Owsley, Douglas W. The History and Archaeology of St. James Episcopal Church, Brandy Station, Virginia…. Brandy Station, VA: By the Church, ca 1990. 83 p. F234.B73.O97.

Ryan, Thomas J. “Prelude to Branch Station: The Anatomy of an Unsuccessful Reconnaissance.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 47: pp. 7-15. E475.53.G482no47.

Sipkoff, Martin. "Flank Attack." Civil War Times Illustrated (Jul/Aug 1994): pp. 38-41. Per. On proposed race track at battle site.

_____. "Irreconcilable Differences." Civil War Times Illustrated (Jan/Feb 1994): pp. 42-45. Per. On recent battlefield preservation efforts. Gettysburg-Campaign p.4

Tucker, Glenn. "Jeb Stuart Learned on Fleetwood Hill Federals Could Fight on Horseback Too." Civil War Times (Dec 1960): pp. 5-6 & 18-19. Per.

Wittenberg, Eric J. The Battle of Brandy Station: North America’s Largest Cavalry Battle. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2010. 271 p. E475.51.W583.

_____. “The Fight at Stevensburg, June 9, 1863: Saving Jeb Stuart from Defeat at Brandy Station.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 44: pp. 6-27. E475.53.G482no44.

-Martinsburg

French, Steve. “The Battle of Martinsburg.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 34: pp. 7-25. E475.53.F482no34.

-Winchester

Chance, Mark. “Prelude to Invasion: Lee’s Preparations and the Second Battle of Winchester.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 19: pp. 5-36. E475.53.G482no19.

Duncan, Richard R. Beleagured Winchester: A Virginia Community at War, 1861-1865. Baton Rouge: LSU, 2007. 380 p. F234.W8.D86. See Chap. 4.

Grunder, Charles E. The Second Battle of Winchester, June 12-15, 1863. Lynchburg, VA: Howard, 1989. 108 p. E475.5.G78.

Longacre, Edward G. "Target: Winchester, Virginia." Civil War Times Illustrated (Jun 1976): pp. 22-31. Per.

Maier, Larry B. Gateway to Gettysburg: The Second Battle of Winchester. Shippensburg, PA: Burd Street, 2002. 332 p. E475.5.M35.

Sword, Wiley. “Confederate Maj. John W. Daniel Describes the 2nd Battle of Winchester at the Beginning of the Gettysburg Campaign.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 35: pp. 7-9. E475.53.G485no35.

Wells, Dean M. “Ewell Seizes the Day at Winchester.” America’s Civil War (Mar 1997): pp. 40-45. Per. Gettysburg-Campaign p.5

-Aldie, Middleburg, Upperville

Bliss, George N. The First Rhode Island Cavalry at Middleburg, Va., June 17 and 18, 1863. Providence, RI: RI Soldiers & Sailors Historical Society, 1889. 56 p. E464.M5.1991v35.

_____. "A Review of Aldie." Maine Bugle (1894): pp. 123-32. E511.4.M352.1894.

_____. "A Rebuttal of Captain Bliss' Review of Aldie." Maine Bugle (1894): pp. 256-62. E511.4.M352.1894.

Grandchamp, Robert. “’Our has Just Been Cleaned Up’: The 1st Rhode Island Cavalry at Middleburg.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 37: pp. 7-15. E475.53.G482no37.

Green, Charles O. An Incident in the , Va., June 17, 1863. Providence, RI: RI Soldiers & Sailors Historical Society, 1911. 38 p. E464.M5.1991v37.

Myers, Jerry. "Shells and Saber Points." Military History (Oct 1992): pp. 50-57, 88, 90 & 92. Per. On all three battles.

Nye, Wilbur S. "Cavalry Actions June 17-21." Civil War Times Illustrated (Jul 1963): p. 24. Per.

O'Neill, Robert F., Jr. The Cavalry Battles of Aldie, Middleburg and Upperville, Small But Important Riots, June 10-27, 1863. Lynchburg, VA: Howard, 1993. 228 p. E475.5.O54.

_____. "The Fight for the : Aldie, Middleburg and Upperville, Va., Opening Battles of the Gettysburg Campaign." Blue & Gray (Oct 1993): pp. 12-16, 18-21, 46-48, 50, 52-57 & 60. Per.

Starr, R.F.S. "The Battle of Middleburg." Virginia Country's Civil War II (1984): pp. 18-19, 21 & 56. Per.

-Stuart’s Raid

Barratt, John. “’Jeb’ Stuart versus .” Military Illustrated (Mar 2005): pp. 32-39. Per.

Brooksheer, William R., & Snider, David K. "Too Late to Gettysburg." In Glory at a Gallop: Tales of the Confederate Cavalry. NY: Brassey's, 1993. pp. 140-54. E546.5.B75.

Callihan, David L. “JEB Stuart’s Fateful Ride.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 23: pp. 6-18. E475.53.G482no23.

Edwards, William W. "Stuart Rides Again." Cavalry Journal (Jan 1930): pp. 34-58. Per. Continuation of article from Apr 1929 issue; this part covers raids during Antietam and Gettysburg Campaigns. Gettysburg-Campaign p.6

Forsyth, Michael J. “Stuart’s Raid in the Gettysburg Campaign and why it Failed.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 47: pp. 16-20. E475.53.G482no47.

Gorman, Paul R. "J.E.B. Stuart and Gettysburg." Gettysburg: Historical Articles of Lasting Interest No. 1: pp. 86-92. E475.53.G48no1.

Haines, Douglas C. “Confederate Command Failure at the Blue Ridge.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 35: pp. 10-25. E475.53.G482no35.

_____. “JEB Stuart’s Advance to Gettysburg.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 29: pp. 26-61. E475.53.G482no29.

Klein, Frederic S. "Affair at Westminster." Civil War Times Illustrated (Aug 1968): pp. 32-38. Per.

Love, Edmund F. An End to Bugling. NY: Harper, 1963. 150 p. E647L852. Humorous narration of Stuart's ride.

McClellan, Henry B. "Jeb Stuart and the Gettysburg Campaign." Journal of the United States Cavalry Association (Jun 1896): pp. 172-80. Per.

McClure, James. East of Gettysburg: A Gray Shadow Crosses York County, Pa. York, PA: York Daily Record, 2003. 195 p. E527.M33.

Mingus, Scott L., Sr. “J.E.B. Stuart Rides Through Dover, Pennsylvania.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 38: pp. 7-18. E475.53.G482no38.

Mosby, John S. "General Stuart and the ." Journal of the Military Service Institution of the US (1908): pp. 476-83. Per.

_____. Stuart's Cavalry in the Gettysburg Campaign. NY: Moffat, Yard, 1908. 225 p. E475.51.M88.

Powell, David. “Stuart’s Ride: Lee, Stuart, and the Confederate Cavalry in the Gettysburg Campaign.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 20: pp. 27-43. E475.53.G482no20.

Shevchuk, Paul M. "The Lost Hours of "JEB" Stuart." Gettysburg Magazine No. 4: pp. 65-74. E475.53.G482no4. Analyses implications of CS cavalry absence.

Trout, Robert J. “Cavalier Gunner.” Civil War Times (June 2008): pp. 36-33. Per. Progress of Stuart’s cavalry based upon diary of Lewis T. Nunnelee.

Tucker, Glenn. "The Cavalry Invasion of the North." Civil War Times Illustrated (Jul 1963): pp. 26-33. Per.

Wittenberg, Eric J. & Petruzzi, David. Plenty of Blame To Go Around: Jeb Stuart’s Controversial Ride to Gettysburg. NY: Savas Beatie, 2006. 428 p. E475.53.W58. Gettysburg-Campaign p.7

See also: -section on Cavalry in Gettysburg-Special Aspects; bibliography on James E.B. Stuart in Civil War Confederate Biographies.

-Confederate Raid on Gettysburg

Black, Linda J. "Gettysburg's Preview of War." Gettysburg Magazine No. 3: pp. 3-8. E475.53.G482no3.

Burger, T. W. “First to Fall.” Civil War Times Illustrated (Aug 2000): pp. 32-38. Per. G.W. Sandoe, 21st Pennsylvania Cavalry.

Hower, Jane S. “The Rebels are Coming!” Civil War Times Illustrated (Aug 2000): pp. 28-31. Per. 1SG Stephen Pomeroy, recently discharged from 126th PA warning the countryside of the approaching rebel troops.

Nye, Wilbur S. "The First Battle of Gettysburg." Civil War Times Illustrated (Aug 1965): pp. 12-19. Per.

Richards, Henry M.M. Pennsylvania's Emergency Men at Gettysburg: A Touch of Bushwhacking. Reading, PA?: 1895. 35 p. E173.P18no254pam7.

-Carlisle & Points East

Wingert, Cooper H. “The Battle of Sporting Hill: A History & Guide.” Camp Hill, PA: By the Author, 2011. 95 p. E475.51.W56.

_____. “The Confederate Approach on Harrisburg: The Gettysburg Campaign’s Northernmost Reaches.” N.p., 2012. 221 p. E475.51.W563.

Wittenberg, Eric J. “The Shelling of Carlisle.” Blue & Gray Magazine (Summer 2007); pp. 41-46. Per.

-York

Mingus, Scott L., Sr. Flames Beyond Gettysburg: The Gordon Expedition, June 1863: A History and Tour Guide. Columbus, OH: Ironclad Pub, 2009. 624 p. E475.51.M56.

_____. “ Takes York.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 37: pp. 24-35. E475.53.G482no37.

“The Rebels Come Calling.” Civil War Times (Aug 2008): pp. 40-43. Per. Early’s occupation of the city as captured by folk artist, Lewis T. Miller. Gettysburg-Campaign p.8

-Fountaindale

Smith, Timothy H. “Skirmish at Fountaindale, Sunday, June 28, 1863.” Blue & Gray Magazine (Spring 2006): pp. 24-30. Per.

-Westminster

Wittenberg, Eric J., & Petruzzi, J. David. “Corbit’s Charge: Jeb Stuart Clashes with the 1st Delaware Cavalry at Westminster, Maryland, Jun 29, 1863.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 36: pp. 7-21. E475.53.G482no36.

-Hanover

Anthony, William, editor. Anthony’s History of the (York County, Pennsylvania) Tuesday, June 29, 1863. [Compiled from writings of George R. Prowell and others]. Hanover, PA: William Anthony, 1945. 160 p. E475.51.A58.

Hanover. Chamber of Commerce. Encounter at Hanover: Prelude to Gettysburg. Shippensburg, PA: White Mane, 1988 reprint of 1962 edition. 274 p. E475.51.E62.

Krepps, John T. A Strong and Sudden Onslaught: The Cavalry Action at Hanover, Pennsylvania. Orrtanna, PA: Colecraft Industries, 2008. 167 p. E475.51.K74.

Mingus, Scott L. Sr. “White’s Comanches on the Warpath at Hanover Junction.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 42: pp. 8-21. E475.53.G482no42.

Rummel, George A. III. Cavalry on the Roads to Gettysburg: Kilpatrick at Hanover and Hunterstown. Shippensburg, PA: White Mane, 2000. 554 p. E475.51.R86.

Ryan, Thomas J. “Kilpatrick Bars Stuart’s Route to Gettysburg.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 27: pp. 7-28. E475.53.G482no27.

Skelton, Geoffrey. “Cavalry Clash at Hanover.” Military History (Jun 1996): pp. 30-36. Per.

Schultz, Fred L. "A Cavalry Fight Was On: J.E.B. Stuart's Attack at Hanover." Civil War Times Illustrated (Feb 1985): pp. 14-17 & 44-47. Per.

Vosburg, Brent L. “Cavalry Clash at Hanover.” America’s Civil War (Jan 1998): pp. 46-52. Per. Gettysburg-Campaign p.9

-Hunterstown

Nye, Wilbur S. "The Affair at Hunterstown." Civil War Times Illustrated (Feb 1971): pp. 22-34. Per.

Rummel, see above.

Shevchuk, Paul M. "The Battle of Hunterstown, July 2, 1863." Gettysburg: Historical Articles of Lasting Interest No. 1: pp. 93-104. E475.53.G48no1.

-Fairfield

Shevchuk, Paul M. "Cut to Pieces: The Cavalry Fight at Fairfield, Pennsylvania, July 3rd, 1863." Gettysburg: Historical Articles of Lasting Interest No. 1: pp. 105-117. E475.53.G48no1.

Wittenberg, Eric J. “Grumble Jones’ Gettysburg Campaign Victory.” America’s Civil War (May 1997): pp. 54-61. Per.

-Smithburg

Law, Toby. “Artillery Action at Smithsburg.” North South Traders Civil War Vol. 29, No. 5 (2003): pp. 62-69. Per.

-Funkstown

Wittenberg, Eric J., Petruzzi, J. David, & Nugent, Michael F. “The Battle of Funkstown, July 10, 1863.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 39: pp. 103-19. E475.53.G482no39.

-

Alexander, Ted. “Ten Days in July: The Pursuit to the Potomac.” North & South (Aug 1999): pp. 10-24 & 26-34. Per.

Blatchford, R.M. "The Third Day of Gettysburg and the Retreat of the Confederate Army Across the Potomac at Williamsport, VA." AWC student paper, 1911. 41 p. Arch.

Brown, Kent M. “A Golden Bridge: Lee’s Williamsport Defense Lines and his Escape across the Potomac.” North & South (Aug 1999): pp. 56-65. Per.

_____. Retreat from Gettysburg: Lee, Logistics, and the Pennsylvania Campaign. Chapel Hill, NC: U NC, 2005. 534 p. E475.51.B76. Gettysburg-Campaign p.10

_____. "Trains of Misery: Lee's Retreat from Gettysburg." Virginia Country's Civil War I (1983): pp. 40-42. Per.

Burns, Rod. “The Roads to Falling Waters: A Critical Analysis.” AWC student paper, 1988. 55 p. Arch.

Bush, Garry L. "The Sixth Michigan Cavalry at Falling Waters: The End of the Gettysburg Campaign." Gettysburg Magazine No. 9: pp. 108-15. E475.53.G482no9.

Davis, George B. “From Gettysburg to Williamsport.” In Papers of the Military Historical Society of Massachusetts. Vol. 3. Wilmington, NC: Broadfoot, 1989. pp. 449-69. E470.M65v3.

Elmore, Thomas L. “Independence Day: Military Operations at Gettysburg.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 25: pp. 116-28. E475.53.G482no25.

French, Steve. “’Hurry Was the Order of the Day’: Imboden and the Wagon Train of the Wounded.” North & South (Aug 1999): pp. 35-42. Per.

_____. “The Rebels at Williamsport.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 27: pp. 85-108. E475.53.G482no27.

Grandchamp, Robert. “The Artillery at Granite Hill, South of Gettysburg, During Lee’s July 5 Retreat.” The Artilleryman (Spring 2009): pp. 5-9. Per.

Greene, A. Wilson. "From Gettysburg to Falling Waters: Meade's Pursuit of Lee." In The Third Day at Gettysburg & Beyond. Chapel Hill, NC: U NC, 1994. pp. 161-201. E475.53.T56.

Long, E.B. "The Battle That Almost War--Manassas Gap." Civil War Times Illustrated (Dec 1972): pp. 20-28. Per.

Pfanz, Harry W. "The Gettysburg Campaign after Pickett's Charge." Gettysburg: Historical Articles of Lasting Interest No. 1: pp. 118-24. E475.53.G48no1.

Robnick, Sands A. "Meade's Pursuit of Lee: The Virginia Campaigns of the Summer of 1863." AWC student paper, 1988. 63 p. Arch.

Schildt, John W. Roads from Gettysburg. Chewsville, MD: n.p., 1979. 174 p. E475.51.S33.

Terpeluk, William. “A Lesson in Battle Tempo: The Union Pursuit after Gettysburg.” Parameters (Autumn 1995): pp. 69-80. Per.

Vermilyea, Peter C. “Maj. Gen. and the Pursuit of Lee’s Army after Gettysburg.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 22: pp. 112-28. E475.53.G482no22.

Welch, Richard F. "Gettysburg Finale." America's Civil War (Jul 1993): pp. 50-575. Per. Gettysburg-Campaign p.11

Wittenberg, Eric J. “’This was a night never to be forgotten’: The Midnight Fight in the , July 4-5, 1863.” North & South (Aug 1999): p. 44-53. Per.

_____, et al. One Continuous Fight: The Retreat from Gettysburg and the Pursuit of Lee’s Army of , July 4-14, 1863. NY: Savas Beatie, 2008. 519 p. E475.51.W582.

_____, & Petruzzi, J. David. “Thunder on the Mountain: The Battle of Monterey Pass, July 4-5, 1863.” Blue & Gray Magazine Vol. 26, No. 4 (2009): pp. 26-32. Per.

-Other

Clark, Raymond N. "Skirmishing Around Carlisle-1863." AWC student paper, 1986. 70 p. Arch.

Crist, Robert G. Confederate Invasion of the West Shore-1863. Lemoyne, PA: Lemoyne Trust, 1963. 44 p. E470.2.C7.

Davis, W.J., ed. Fifteen Days under the Confederate Flag: Waynesboro, June 23-July 7, 1863. n.p., n.d. 30 p. E527.97.W3.D3.

French, Steve. “Imboden’s Advance to Gettysburg.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 20: pp. 6-18. E475.53.G482no20.

Longacre, Edward G. "Inspired Blundering: Union Operations against Richmond during the Gettysburg Campaign.” Civil War History (Mar 1986): pp. 23-43. Per.

Mingus, Scott L., Sr. “Jenkins’ Cavalry Raid through Northwestern York County, Pennsylvania.” Gettysburg Magazine No. 44: pp. 41-52. E475.53.G482no44.

Trudeau, Noah A. "The 'Blackberry' Raid.'" Gettysburg Magazine No. 11: pp. 6-18. E475.53.G482.no11.

Trudeau, Noah A. “False Start at Franklin’s Crossing.” America’s Civil War (Jul 2001): pp. 32-37 & 86-88. Per. 5 Jun VI Corps scout across Rappahannock to gather intelligence on CS movements.

Young, Ronald C. Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in the Civil War. Apollo, PA: Closson, 2002. 156 p. E527.95.L2.Y68. See Chaps. IV & V.

Zbick, Jim. "Rebels at their Doorsteps." America's Civil War (Sep 1993): pp. 22-28. Per. Citizens of Mauch Chunk (PA) rally to defend their coal fields during campaign.