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Microstructural Constraints on the Formational and Thermal Histories of Refractory Inclusions in Co3 Chondrites." (2014)

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Microstructural Constraints on the Formational and Thermal Histories of Refractory Inclusions in Co3 Chondrites. University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-1-2014 MICROSTRUCTURAL ONC STRAINTS ON THE FORMATIONAL AND THERMAL HISTORIES OF REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS IN CO3 CHONDRITES Jangmi Han Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/eps_etds Recommended Citation Han, Jangmi. "MICROSTRUCTURAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE FORMATIONAL AND THERMAL HISTORIES OF REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS IN CO3 CHONDRITES." (2014). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/eps_etds/34 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Jangmi Han Candidate Earth and Planetary Sciences Department This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: Dr. Adrian J. Brearley, Chairperson Dr. Rhian H. Jones Dr. Zachary D. Sharp Dr. Charles K. Shearer, Jr. Dr. Lindsay P. Keller i MICROSTRUCTURAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE FORMATIONAL AND THERMAL HISTORIES OF REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS IN CO3 CHONDRITES BY JANGMI HAN B.S., Earth Science Education, Seoul National University, 2007 M.S., Earth Science Education, Seoul National University, 2009 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Earth and Planetary Sciences The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico May, 2014 ii © 2014 Jangmi Han iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was supported by NASA Cosmochemistry Program through grants NNG06GG37G and NNX12AH59G to Dr. Adrian J. Brearley (P.I). Electron microbeam analysis was carried out in the Electron Microbeam Analysis Facility, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Institute of Meteoritics at the University of New Mexico. The facility is supported by funds from the State of New Mexico, the National Science Foundation and NASA. iv MICROSTRUCTURAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE FORMATIONAL AND THERMAL HISTORIES OF REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS IN CO3 CHONDRITES by Jangmi Han B.S., Earth Science Education, Seoul National University, 2007 M.S., Earth Science Education, Seoul National University, 2009 Ph.D., Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, 2014 ABSTRACT Refractory inclusions, calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) and amoeboid olivine aggregates (AOAs), of variable textures and mineralogies in CO3 chondrites have been investigated in detail using the focused ion beam (FIB) sample preparation technique combined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in order (1) to characterize the microstructures, compositions and textural relationships of their various constituent phases at the micrometer to nanometer scales and (2) to provide additional constraints on their formational and subsequent thermal histories both in the solar nebula and on their asteroidal parent bodies. In particular, refractory inclusions in CO3 chondrites are very fine-grained so that they are sensitive recorders of both primary formational and secondary alteration processes, which can only be adequately characterized by TEM. This work represents the first microstructural study of AOAs and CAIs from two CO3 chondrites, Allan Hills A77307 and Kainsaz. v The microstructural and compositional characteristics of AOAs and CAIs in the pristine CO3.0 chondrite, Allan Hills A77307, provide evidence that various high- temperature condensation and gas-solid reactions occurred in the solar nebula under both equilibrium and disequilibrium conditions. Diverse gas-solid reactions reflect localized differences in the primary mineral assemblages in individual AOAs and CAIs that controlled reaction pathways. Despite large variations in their texture and mineralogy, mineralogically- and compositionally-zoned refractory components in AOAs, spinel- pyroxene CAIs and melilite-rich CAIs may have formed by a similar sequence of high- temperature condensation and gas-solid reactions, as follows; (1) the formation of the cores of the inclusions from primary equilibrium condensates (i.e., perovskite, spinel and melilite), (2) disequilibrium, probably short-lived reactions of the primary core minerals with a nebular gas under highly dynamic conditions, forming diopside with remarkably wide compositional ranges over submicrometer distances and (3) direct equilibrium condensation of pure diopside from a nebular gas, forming the outermost rim on the exterior of the inclusions. In spinel-hibonite CAIs, the crystallographic orientation relationships between spinel and hibonite provide evidence of the preferential epitaxial nucleation and growth of spinel on hibonite surfaces after hibonite condensation, rather than melilite. This process contributed to the rarity of melilite in this type of CAI. In the Kainsaz CO3.2 chondrite, the widespread, but heterogeneous occurrence of Fe enrichments at the outer margins of AOAs and along grain boundaries of olivines in AOAs provide evidence that mild parent body thermal metamorphism occurred at relatively low temperatures. However, due to incomplete textural and chemical equilibration of the whole rock, Kainsaz AOAs still retain primary nebular compositional and textural characteristics. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... xi LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... xv CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1 CHONDRITES AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION ........................................................... 2 TWO TYPES OF REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS IN CO3 CHONDRITES .................... 5 OBJECTIVES OF DISSERTATION ................................................................................. 9 OVERVIEW OF CHAPTERS .......................................................................................... 10 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 16 CHAPTER 2. MICROSTRUCTURAL CONSTRAINTS ON COMPLEX FORMATIONAL AND THERMAL HISTORIES OF AMOEBOID OLIVINE AGGREGATES FROM THE ALH A77307 CO3.0 CHONDRITE: I. REFRACTORY CAI- LIKE OBJECTS IN AN AMOEBOID OLIVINE AGGREGATE .......................................... 20 ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... 21 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 22 ANALYTICAL METHODS ............................................................................................ 25 RESULTS ......................................................................................................................... 27 SEM Observations of AOA 02 ............................................................................. 27 Mineral Compositions Obtained by Electron Microprobe ................................... 31 Microstructural Observations of Refractory CAI-Like Objects in AOA 02 .............................................................................................................................. 36 Mineral Compositions Obtained by TEM ............................................................ 40 TiO2 Nanoparticles .............................................................................................. 52 DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................. 56 Refractory Ca-Al-Rich Phases in AOAs from CO3.0 Chondrites ....................... 57 Condensation Origin and Possible Gas-Solid Reactions ...................................... 57 Melilite Gas-Solid Reactions .................................................................. 59 Spinel Gas-Solid Reactions ..................................................................... 61 Disequilibrium Formation Processes ................................................................... 68 Origin of TiO2 Nanoparticles ............................................................................... 74 CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................................. 83 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 85 vii CHAPTER 3. MICROSTRUCTURAL CONSTRAINTS ON COMPLEX FORMATIONAL AND THERMAL HISTORIES OF AMOEBOID OLIVINE AGGREGATES FROM THE ALH A77307 CO3.0 CHONDRITE: II. OLIVINE AND REFRACTORY CA-AL-RICH PHASES IN AMOEBOID OLIVINE AGGREGATES …………………………………………………………………………………..……………….. 90 ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………………. 91 INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………… 92 ANALYTICAL METHODS …………………………………………………………… 94 RESULTS ………………………………………………………………………………. 97 SEM Observations of AOAs in ALH A77307 …………...…………………….. 97 Mineral Compositions Obtained by Electron Microprobe …………...……..… 103 Microstructures of AOAs ……………………………………………...……… 113 Mineral Compositions Obtained by TEM …………………………...………... 122 Rare Occurrences of Refractory Metal Nugget Nanoparticles ………...……… 129 DISCUSSION ………………………………………………………………………… 133 Origin of AOAs: Aggregates of Primary Condensates …………...…………… 133 Formational and Thermal
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