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Ions at the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam

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Ions at the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam A brief history of the conchological collect- ions at the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam, with some reflections on 18th century schell cabinets and their proprietors, on the occa- sion of the centenary of the Royal Zoolo- gical Society “Natura Artis Magistra” BY W. S. S. van Benthem Jutting Curator of the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam With three Portraits and three Tables At the time when the Royal Zoological Society Natura Artis Magistra known in Holland as “Artis” was founded in 1838 the ground for the study of ma- lacology lay already well prepared. For ever since the days when the early Dutch seafarers explored the com- mercial routes to East and to West, all kinds of curiosities and natural history found their to the back the homebound objects way motherland, brought by sailors. wonderful with Especially the products of the tropical seas, the shells brilliant colours and infinite diversity of form attracted and appealed to the imagination. Amateur conchology grew and flourished and found enthusiasts classes. among all The new vogue spread rapidly and many private natural this history collections which, at time, were predominently conchological, were started. the 18-th Holland of and Particularly during century occupied a post note in standing this branch, a position which it shared only with France. Neither in in much attention this branch of science. Germany nor England was paid to In another paper in this Jubilee volume my colleague Dr. H. ENGEL gives Holland an account of all the natural history collections known in during the last four centuries. the 18-th about Among century cabinets 250 were partly or entirely devoted to conchology. These are listed in the tables I and II, to and classified the where appended my paper, according to towns they were housed and to the social position of their owners respectively. demonstrate what They clearly private initiative, skill and perseverance can attain and it is to how cabinets have and grievous see many perished how 168 W. S. S. VAN BENTHEM JUTTING few have succeeded in surviving the stormy social and political events at the transition of the 18-th to the 19-th century. In the 19-th century, shortly after the restoration of the Kingdom in 1813, the interest in natural history and in exploration rose again and achieved at before the once a far more scientific character than the standard prevailing Revolution. Though the number of conchological cabinets in the 19-th century was not fourth that which existed in the more than a of previous century yet quality was much i 113proved, as for most of the collectors conchology was no longer a hobby, a distraction or a mental ornament, but their interest was awakened and inspired by genuine scientific curiosity. A short time after its foundation in 1838 the Society Natura Artis Magistra purchased the REINDERT DRAAK Collection *) and this formed the basis for the Museum. It less of Zoological was more or a curiosity cabinet, a medley stuffed mammals and birds and probably animals in alcohol, but, so far as we collection know, contained no molluscs. The loss of this in 1840, in consequence of between the Council and therefore did a quarrel Society's DRAAK, not mean a loss for the shell-collection. Meanwhile Artis had started an independant Museum collection, chiefly of stuffed animals which had died in the Zoo. exhibi- composed They were on tion in a small building situated in "Middenhof" on the "Fransche Laan" 2 (French Lane), now the Parrot's Lane of Artis ). As a matter of fact this primitive Museum was mainly limited to Vertebrates. The Director of Artis was also in charge of the Museum. From the of of started very beginning 1838 a register new acquisitions was and the first mollusc received for the cabinet was a Paper Nautilus (Argonauta argo) presented by Mr. LEHMAN DE LEHN.SFELD on Dec. 16-th 1840. Unfortun- ately I could not! trace the actual specimen in the collection. Some other donations in the following years shared the same regrettable fate. Even the important collection of shells of Miss M. E. A. OLTMANS in The Hague pur- 3 chased from her brother Mr. A. OLTMANS on May i-st 1844 ) seems to have perished, unless they are mixed with other material of unknown origin. On June 16-th 1844 the Museum obtained a valuable donation from Mr. H. 1) This DRAAK collection was originally housed in a garret of the Burgerweeshuis (Municipal Orphanage) of which DRAAK was an attendant. When the Orphanage had to be rebuilt DRAAK was forced to find another house for his collection. At that time, Mr. G. F. WESTERMAN, one of the Founders of the Society, and later its first Director, raised the funds to purchase DKAAK'S Collection, (cfr. Jubilee Volume of the 60th anniversary of the Society 1898, p. 18 seq.). A of the old and the in Artis like mosaic 2) survey country residences way which a was be found bloei originated may in: R. T. MAITLAND, Ontstaan, ontwikkeling en van het Kon. Zool. Artis Feestno. Gen. Natura Magistra te Amsterdam, Bijdr. t. d. Dierk. 1888, 30 pp. + I kaart. R. T. Musea 3) MAITLAND, De van het Kon. Zool. Gen. Natura Artis Magistra op 1 Mei Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. Vol. XLIX—LX. 1863, 1, 1863, p. THE CONCHOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS AT THE ZOOLOGICAL MUSEUM 169 C. ROETERS VAN LENNEP in Amsterdam. Most of these shells are still present. succession this followed several small and In rapid gift was by large donations:Dr C. DALEN, 1844; G. SCHEEPMAKER, 1844; D. D. BUCHLER, 1844; D. HAVERKAMP Jr., 1844; G. KRAMER, 1844; Jonkheer J. C. MARTENS, 1844; H. KOOPMAN, 1844; G. F. WESTERMAN, 1845; J- DE LEEUW, 1846; G. DE SERIÈRE, 1847; H. C. MULLER, 1847; E. VERREAUX, 1849; Dr. C. DALEN, the contributions 1852. The most notable are by DALEN, SCHEEPMAKER, Jhr. MARTENS and DE SERIÈRE. HERMAN CHRISTIAAN ROETERS VAN LENNEP was born in Amsterdam De- died Parkeier" Twello cember 20-th 1820 and at "De near August 15-th 1879. He belonged to the well-known Amsterdam commercial house VAN LENNEP & Co, which is still in existence. He lived in Amsterdam till 1862, when he moved to Twello. neither He started a shell collection when only a boy and later spared friend of Mr. F. HEUKE- efforts nor money to increase it. He was a VAN With both LOM (see below) and of the curator of Artis, Mr. A. OLTMANS. made and he gentlemen he now and then exchanges occasionally spent large of in! shells in sales sums money buying public (i.a. VOORHOEVE, 1872), from dealers private agreements (i.a. VAN DER HUCHT, 1858) or foreign like BERNARDI (1856), G. B. SOWERBY (1866), B. WRIGHT (1866, 1871), R. DAMON (1872). At the VOORHOEVE sale he purchased the magnificent Lucina voorhoevei Desh., a unique specimen, for f.40.50. To this shell VAN 1866 HEUKELOM had already referred in a paper in (see under VAN HEU- KELOM). In a meeting of the editing committee in charge of the "Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde" of November 22-nd 1852 Mr. ROETERS VAN LENNEP showed a specimen of Delphinula arion (Meuschen) 1787 (= D. sphaerula Kiener, This formed of the of ALBERT 1838). specimen once part famous cabinet SEBA (1665 —1736) and—by devious ways—reached the ROETERS VAN ROETERS LENNEP collection. It was mentioned in the catalogue of the VAN LENNEP sale, page 33 (A Catalogue of this valuable and extensive collection ...which of shells ...comprising a large number of exceedingly rare species will be sold by auction, by Mr. J. N. EVERTS,... on Tuesday, 18th of July, 1876, and five following days), but in the ms. catalogue of the collection in the of his Mr. G. A. ROETERS (now Library Artis, presented by son, J. VAN LENNEP, on January 15-th, 1885) there is no reference to the illustrious origin of the shell. It is unknown whence ROETERS VAN LENNEP had obtain- ed it, or where it has gone to. cabinet attended the The auction of the ROETERS VAN LENNEP was by then curator of Artis, Jonkheer W. N. M. VAN DE BLOCQUERY. In an inter- made leaved copy of the catalogue (now in the Library of the Society) he annotations as to which specimens he purchased for Artis and at what prices. There were a few rare or unique species among them: Meroe roeter- siana Crosse, Fusus couei Petit, Murex lienardi Crosse. In general the prices fetched were far from bad. Thus I quote Conus cervus f. Conus cedonulli f. Rostellaria powisi f. 100.—. 240.—, 132.—, About the of the famous Lucina voorhoevei I have further infor- destiny no mation. Among the other purchasers I found the names of Dr. IJ. KEYZER and Mr. M. M. SCHEPMAN. W. 170 S. S. VAN BENTHEM JUTTING sold in Amsterdam The Library of Mr. ROETERS VAN LENNEP was at FREDERIK MULLER'S in 1876. Various books passed into the Library of of Artis. In he short notice Dutch Mollusca 1874 published a on (Mededeeling op Ned. Dierk. in conchologisch gebied, Tijdschr. Ver. 1, p. 47—49) and 1876 des Cones actuellement a Catalogue alphabétique connus faisant suite au catalogue de Mr. H. CROSSE, 8 pp. A of Mr ROETERS LENNEP COUWENBERG is crayon portrait VAN by now in the possession of Mr. J. ROETERS VAN LENNEP, at Voorburg. CoRNELis DALEN M. D., was born at Rotterdam December 31-st 1765 and died in this town October 24-th 1854. On several occasions he presented shells to Artis Ned. Dierk. (vide MAITLAND, Tijdschr. Vol. 1, 1863, p.
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