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Sex Population Structure of Macrobrachium Assamense Peninsularie (Tiwari) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) in Khoh River, Uttarakhand, India

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Sex Population Structure of Macrobrachium Assamense Peninsularie (Tiwari) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) in Khoh River, Uttarakhand, India Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2013) 2(10): 382-390 ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 2 Number 10 (2013) pp. 382-390 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Sex population structure of Macrobrachium assamense peninsularie (Tiwari) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) in Khoh River, Uttarakhand, India Pankaj Bahuguna* Fish Biology and limnology Laboratory,Department of Zoology, Govt. P. G. College Pithoragarh- 262502, Uttarakhand, Country - India *Corresponding author A B S T R A C T The prawns were collected from spring fed Khoh River for a period of one year during April 2010 to March 2011. The river and all its tributaries contain swiftly flowing water. The nets used for prawn fishing, were (1) Depnet and (2) Fatella. The prawn was preserved in 5% formalin for further study. The dead prawns were examined and identified using a stereoscopic microscope. Macrobrachium species were identified. The total length and weight of prawn was recorded in fresh K e y w o r d s condition. However, the other parameters were measured within a fortnight of collection. A total of 242 specimens were collected (134 males and 108 females). Prawns; During the present observation, the size of the prawn Macrobrachium assamense Khoh River; peninsularie (Tiwari), reached a maximum total length of 62 mm for male and 67 Macrobrachium mm for female. The minimum size recorded was 29mm for male and 32mm for species; female. Thus, a minimum length of 29mm and maximum length of 67mm of the Macrobrachium prawn fish was recorded respectively. The seasonal and pooled data indicated assamense variations in the sex composition of Macrobrachium assamense peninsularie are peninsularie presented in the table 2. The sex population observed season wise, varied from a sex population. maximum in winter season (2.25male:1.005female) and minimum in summer season (1.05male:1.00female). The total pooled data showed an average sex population status of 1.24male:1.00female Macrobrachium assamense peninsularie during the course of study. The estimation of sex population both in male and female showed non-significantly at 5% level of non-significance in the months, season and in the pooled data. In the month of February and autumn season there were significant differences in the ratio of male and female fish (For February: 2.57male:1.00female; For autumn season: 2.25male:1.00female) Introduction In the last few years, the fresh water prawn of quality and value (New, 2000). farming has already become a major According to FAO report (2000), cited by contributor to global aquaculture, in term V a lenti (2002), world production of fresh 382 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2013) 2(10): 382-390 water prawn during 1990 to 2000 al., 2007; Arimoro and Meye, 2007; increased from 21,000 to 1, 18,500 tons Mattos and Oshire, 2009; Antunes and per years, which corresponds to an Oshiro, 2009 and Bahuguna et al., 2007). increase of about 500%. The freshwater The present study is in continuation with prawn culturing is simpler than salt water earlier studies and is dealing with sex prawn due to the lower cost of pond population structure of fresh water prawn, construction. A wide majority of Macrobrachium assamense peninsularie. freshwater prawn species of farming interest belong to the Macrobrachium Sampling sites genus, where is found in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world (Chace, 1992). Khoh Basin is situated in the Southern part of the District Pauri (Garhwal) of Uttarakhand. This region is drained by In India, the fresh water prawn river Khoh, which is one of the principal Macrobrachium assamense peninsularie is rivers of lower Garhwal Himalaya. The a beautiful small sized crustacean found in river Khoh originates from Dwarikhal in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand state. It the North and drains through Shivalik is for the first time that this prawn species ranges. The river enters into the Bhabar is being studied from the Garhwal central area from where it becomes a tributary to Himalayan region (Bahuguna et al., 2010). Ramganga. Khoh basin is geographically Sex population structure estimation is situated between 78.30º East to 78.40º indicating the abundance of any sex at a East longitude and from 29.45º North particular time. It is generally considered latitude to 29.55º North latitude. that in a healthy population the sex ratio should be 1:1. It is important to derive means of ensuring a proportional prawn This covers approximately an area of 255 fishing of both sexes. A basic knowledge sq. kilometers. The average length of the of sex population structure estimation of basin is 28 Kms. and its width is about 15 prawn farming is essential in the Kms. The middle part of the basin is wider management practices of aquaculture than that of upper part. The main science. tributaries of river Khoh are Gullah Gad, Mahra Gad, Sil Gad, Jawar Gad and Pawai Gad, which plays an important role in the There are several other factors like construction of the Basin, the Bhabar area temperature, water velocity, vulnerability is situated near Kotdwar and the rest of the of females to their predators, migratory basin is situated in the hilly ranges. phase and other ecological hazards, which possibly change the sex composition in streams or rivers. Many workers have The average height of high mountain worked on the sex population structure ranges varies from 1400 meters to 1600 and other aspects of different prawns and meters. The Shivalik range includes the fishes (Sobhana and Nair, 1976; Inyang, lower Himalayan range which varies from 1981; Marioghae, 1982; Barros, 1995; 800 meters to 1200 meters in height. Ammar et al., 2001; Mossolin and Baeno, Almost all the tributaries of river Khoh 2002; Nazari, 2003; Antunes and Oshire, itself have played an important role in the 2004; Dobriyal et al., 2004; Mantel, 2005; construction of this wide valley (Map.1) Mantelatto and Barbosa, 2005; Sampaia et 383 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2013) 2(10): 382-390 Materials and Methods observed and maximum values were found in the month of February Sampling materials (2.57male:1.00female) and minimum ratio was found in the month of June The prawns were collected from spring fed (1.00male:1.00female). Khoh River for a period of one year during April 2010 to March 2011. The river and The seasonal and pooled data indicated all its tributaries contain swiftly flowing variations in the sex composition of water. The nets used for prawn fishing, Macrobrachium assamense peninsularie were (1) Depnet and (2) Fatella. The are presented in the table 2. The sex prawn was preserved in 5% formalin for population observed season wise, varied further study. The dead prawns were from a maximum in winter season examined and identified using a (2.25male:1.005female) and minimum in stereoscopic microscope. Macrobrachium summer season (1.05male:1.00female). species were identified according to the The total pooled data showed an average Tiwari, (1955) and Cai et al., (2004). sex population status of 1.24male:1.00female Macrobrachium Sex population structure determination assamense peninsularie during the course of study. The estimation of sex population The total length and weight of prawn was both in male and female showed non- recorded in fresh condition. However, the significantly at 5% level of non- other parameters were measured within a significance in the months, season and in fortnight of collection. A total of 242 the pooled data. In the month of February specimens were collected (134 males and and autumn season there were significant 108 females). Sex-ratio was calculated for differences in the ratio of male and female the entire period of study and its fish (For February: 2.57male:1.00female; significance was tested by Chi-square test For autumn season: 2.25male:1.00female) ( ²). ² = (O E2) / E, where ² is the chi- square, O is the observed value and E is the expected value. Knowledge of the sex population status estimation has its own significance. It will Result and Discussion give immense help in detecting differential prawn fishing, in different periods of the During the present observation, the size of year and in the various size-groups. Thus the prawn Macrobrachium assamense we can get information about the peninsularie (Tiwari), reached a maximum abundance of the sex ratio at a breeding total length of 62 mm for male and 67 mm time, months, seasons and throughout the for female. The minimum size recorded year. Holcik et al., (1988) stated was 29mm for male and 32mm for female. theoretically, the expected composition of Thus, a minimum length of 29mm and males to females is 1:1. In this study, the maximum length of 67mm of the prawn highest number of male population fish was recorded respectively. The observed in the month of February (25) monthly variations in the sex population and lowest number of male population was composition of Macrobrachium estimated in the month of April (15). In assamense peninsularie are showed in the case of female prawns, maximum table 1. Month wise sex composition was population calculated in the month 384 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2013) 2(10): 382-390 Figure.1 Map of sampling site: Khoh River (Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India) 385 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2013) 2(10): 382-390 Table.1 Month wise sex population structure in Macrobrachium assamense peninsularie during April 2010 to March 2011 from Khoh River. % of % of Total No Male Female Prawn Sex Ratio Month Male Female Remarks of Prawn Prawn Prawn ² Prawn Prawn Male Female April 15 09 06 60.00 40.00 1.50 1.00 0.600
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