Trade and Commodity Finance Solutions
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
When Will an LLC's Trade Or Business Be Imputed to Its Members?
When Will an LLC’s Trade or Business be Imputed to its Members? by Sheldon I. Banoff [Published in the Journal of Taxation, September 1997] The imputation of a partnership’s trade or business to all or some of its partners can be relevant whenever a taxpayer’s status as being involved in a trade or business has tax consequences. The growing popularity of LLCs provokes the question, when, if ever, on LLC’s trade or business will be attributed to its members. If imputation occurs, which of the members will be deemed engaged in the LLC’s trade or business? In making this analysis, does the sparse tax law relating to imputing a partnership’s trade or business to all or some of its partners provide meaningful guidance? It is submitted that, where a partnership’s trade or business would be imputed to all or some of its partners for certain operative purposes of federal tax law, attribution similarly should be made from an LLC to all or some of the LLC’s members, for the same purposes. Imputation in an LLC should be to those members who either have the authority to participate, or in fact actively participate, in the day-to-day management or operations of the LLC’s trade or business. Accordingly, imputation of the LLC’s trade or business should occur to the following members: 1. Where the LLC is a member-managed entity, to all members. 2. Where the LLC is manager-managed, to (a) those who have the authority to actively participate in the day-to-day management decisions of the LLC (i.e., typically those members who are the managers) and (b) those nonmanager members who in fact actively so participate. -
Maine Unfair Trade Practices Act
MRS Title 5, Chapter 10. UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES CHAPTER 10 UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES §205-A. Short title This chapter will be known as and may be cited as the Maine Unfair Trade Practices Act. [PL 1987, c. 307, §1 (NEW).] SECTION HISTORY PL 1987, c. 307, §1 (NEW). §206. Definitions The following words, as used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires or a different meaning is specifically required, shall mean: [PL 1969, c. 577, §1 (NEW).] 1. Documentary material. "Documentary material" shall include the original or a copy of any book, record, report, memorandum, paper, communication, tabulation, map, chart, photograph, mechanical transcription or other tangible document or recording wherever situate. [PL 1969, c. 577, §1 (NEW).] 2. Person. "Person" shall include, where applicable, natural persons, corporations, trusts, partnerships, incorporated or unincorporated associations and any other legal entity. [PL 1969, c. 577, §1 (NEW).] 3. Trade and commerce. "Trade" and "commerce" shall include the advertising, offering for sale, sale or distribution of any services and any property, tangible or intangible, real, personal or mixed, and any other article, commodity or thing of value wherever situate, and shall include any trade or commerce directly or indirectly affecting the people of this State. [PL 1969, c. 577, §1 (NEW).] SECTION HISTORY PL 1969, c. 577, §1 (NEW). §207. Unlawful acts and conduct Unfair methods of competition and unfair or deceptive acts or practices in the conduct of any trade or commerce are declared unlawful. [PL 1969, c. 577, §1 (NEW).] 1. Intent. It is the intent of the Legislature that in construing this section the courts will be guided by the interpretations given by the Federal Trade Commission and the Federal Courts to Section 45(a)(1) of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 United States Code 45(a)(1)), as from time to time amended. -
Global Trade and Supply Chain Management Sector Economic
Connecting Industry, Education & Training Sam Kaplan, Director, Center of Excellence for Global Trade & Supply Chain Management The Mission of the Center of Excellence for Global Trade & Supply Chain Management is to build a skilled workforce for international trade, supply chain management, and logistics. 2 Defining the Supply Chain Sector “If you can’t measure it, you can’t improve it.” “You can't miss what you can't measure.” – Peter Drucker —George Clinton, Funkadelic 3 Illustrative Companies Segment Subsector/Activity Description and Organizations Domestic and international freight vessels, Marine cargo shipping e.g., Tote, as well as supporting operations Tote Maritime, Foss Maritime such as tugs. Movement of cargo from one mode to another BNSF, UP, SSA Marine, Transloading & Intermodal and consolidation and repackaging of goods, MacMillan-Piper, Oak Harbor including between container sizes. Freight Lines. Transportation, Distribution Air cargo jobs at Alaska & Logistics Freight airlines (e.g., Air China) and air cargo Air cargo shipping Airlines and Delta, Hanjin ground-handling operation. Global Logistics, Swissport. Freight forwarding Freight arrangement and 3rd Party Logistics Expeditors International Warehousing & storage Dry and cold storage facilities and packaging. Couriers Express delivery services DHL, FedEx, UPS Procurement and supply chain management Procurement, sales, import and export of Supply chain and Supply Chain Management across local manufacturers, wholesalers, finished and/or intermediate goods and procurement units within local shippers materials, customer service. manufacturers. Letters of credit and other short-term lending U.S. Bank, Bank of America, Trade finance for exporters and importers. Washington Trust Supply Chain Services Compliance ITAR and other regulatory compliance issues. -
International Trade
International Trade or centuries, people of the world have traded. From the ancient silk routes and spice trade to modern F shipping containers and satellite data transfers, nations have tied their economies to the rest of the world by complex flows of products and services. Free trade, which allows traders to interact without barriers imposed by government, can improve the living standards of people because it reduces prices and increases the variety of goods and services for consumers. It can also create new jobs and opportunities, and it encourages innovative uses of resources. However, even though free trade can benefit an economy as a whole, specific groups may be hurt. While certain sectors will experience job gains, others will face job losses. Still, societies throughout history have found that the benefits of international trade outweigh the costs. Why Trade? As consumers, all of us have an interest in trading they live, is because they believe they will be better with other countries. We often are unaware of trade’s off by trading. When we consider the alternative— influence on product prices and the quality and each of us producing everything for ourselves—trade availability of the goods we buy. But we all benefit simply makes more sense. from the greater abundance and variety of products and the lower prices that trading with others makes Trade is beneficial because it allows people to possible. Without trade, countries become isolated. specialize, or concentrate their work in the type of The quality of their goods and services lags behind production that they do best. -
Irely's Next Gen Commodity Trading and Risk Management Software
i21 — iRely’s Next Gen Commodity Trading and Risk Management Software Procurement, Trading and Risk Management End-to-End Process Visibility Traceability and Quality Management iRely Key Facts Headquartered in Fort Wayne, IN Officesin Bangalore, India and Makati City, Philippines Over 130 employees Today, customers are creating workflow systems utilizing many individual components including CRM, contract management, Over 30 years of logistics, accounting, inventory management, demand planning, commodity software and position management. This is a costly and resource heavy experience approach, and not scalable. iRely is the premier global partner of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Commodity Trading and Risk Management Privately held company (CTRM) software. iRely’s applications are modular and built on a Long-term ownership plan unified platform. Our solutions help companies manage core business processes within a single, easy to use system customized to Debtfree,profitable,and their requirements. These quality solutions are developed no external funding and managed by a team with broad subject matter expertise providing a competitive advantage to our customers. 2 | iRely.com 800.433.5724 Procurement, Trading and Risk Management iRely provides increased customer value across industries by consolidating the individual components into an integrated workflow-based system. iRely’s i21 software highlights include streamlined processes for trading management, forecasting and procurement management, risk management, quality management, -
Fictitious Commodities: a Theory of Intellectual Property Inspired by Karl Polanyi’S “Great Transformation”
Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal Volume 29 XXIX Number 4 Article 4 2019 Fictitious Commodities: A Theory of Intellectual Property Inspired by Karl Polanyi’s “Great Transformation” Alexander Peukert Goethe University, Frankfurt, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/iplj Part of the Intellectual Property Law Commons, International Law Commons, and the Science and Technology Law Commons Recommended Citation Alexander Peukert, Fictitious Commodities: A Theory of Intellectual Property Inspired by Karl Polanyi’s “Great Transformation”, 29 Fordham Intell. Prop. Media & Ent. L.J. 1151 (2019). Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/iplj/vol29/iss4/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal by an authorized editor of FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Fictitious Commodities: A Theory of Intellectual Property Inspired by Karl Polanyi’s “Great Transformation” Cover Page Footnote Professor Dr. iur., Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, [email protected]. This article is available in Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/iplj/vol29/iss4/4 Fictitious Commodities: A Theory of Intellectual Property Inspired by Karl Polanyi’s “Great Transformation” Alexander Peukert* The puzzle this Article addresses is this: how can it be explained that intellectual property (IP) laws and IP rights (IPRs) have continuously grown in number and expanded in scope, territorial reach, and duration, while at the same time have been contested, much more so than other branches of property law? This Article offers an explanation for this peculiar dynamic by applying insights and concepts of Karl Polanyi’s book “The Great Transformation” to IP. -
Trade Management Guidelines
Trade Management Guidelines TRADE MANAGEMENT TASK FORCE Theodore R. Aronson, CFA, Chairman Aronson + Partners Gregory H. Bokach, CFA Damian Maroun American Century Investment Management G.E. Asset Management Corporation Eugene K. Bolton Jean Margo Reid G.E. Asset Management Corporation Paul Richards* Michael H. Buek, CFA Financial Services Authority The Vanguard Group H. Paul Reynolds Richard A. Carriuolo Frank Russell Securities, Inc. R.M. Davis, Inc. George U. Sauter Gene A. Gohlke, Ph.D., CPA* The Vanguard Group U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Erik R. Sirri Paul S. Gottlieb Babson College Merrill Lynch Wayne H. Wagner Joanne M. Hill Plexus Group Goldman, Sachs & Co. Jessica L. Mann, CFA Donald B. Keim CFA Institute The Wharton School Maria J. A. Clark, CFA Anthony J. Leitner CFA Institute Goldman, Sachs & Co. Ananth Madhavan ITG, Inc. * Observer. 1 CFA INSTITUTE TRADE MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES Recognizing the ambiguities and complexities surrounding the concept of Best Execution,1 CFA Institute Trade Management Task Force has developed the CFA Institute Trade Management Guidelines (Guidelines) for investment management firms (Firms). The recommendations contained herein stem from the obligations Firms have to clients regarding the execution of their trades and provide Firms with a demonstrable framework from which to make consistently good trade-execution decisions over time. The Guidelines formalize processes, disclosures, and record-keeping suggestions that, together, form a systematic, repeatable, and demonstrable approach to seeking Best Execution. It is important to note that the Guidelines are a compilation of recommended practices and not standards. CFA Institute encourages Firms worldwide to adopt as many of the recommendations as are appropriate to their particular circumstances. -
Commodity Procurement / Merchandiser
Career Profiles COMMODITY PROCUREMENT / MERCHANDISER Commodity Procurement/Merchandisers oversee companies commodities and are responsible for trading, purchasing, locating, and customer accounts for each commodity. WHAT RESPONSIBILITIES WILL I HAVE? WHAT EDUCATION & TRAINING IS REQUIRED? Bachelor’s degree in agricultural business, supply chain • Collaborate between feed formulators and plant managers to provide management, accounting, or finance lowest cost options for all feeds, feed ingredients and feed products • Point of contact for suppliers, external market consultants, and resources THE FOLLOWING HIGH SCHOOL COURSES • Support the Commodities group by negotiating cost saving initiatives and ARE RECOMMENDED... cost mitigation efforts Agricultural education, a focus on the sciences, computer • Determines strategic supply objectives using tools and reports for decision courses, geography, mathematics making around products and commodity purchases • Assesses supply base and negotiates best cost structure TYPICAL EMPLOYERS • Identifies and develop a reliable and effective base of qualified suppliers. • Takes action to address supplier pricing and/or delivery issues; advises Integrated animal production companies, seed/fertilizer/ management of market conditions and supply base activity which presents chemical dealers/producers, food production companies, significant risk or needs to be elevated to management’s attention cooperatives and elevator companies • Drive continuous supplier quality improvement through participating in rapid -
World Trade Statistical Review 2021
World Trade Statistical Review 2021 8% 4.3 111.7 4% 3% 0.0 -0.2 -0.7 Insurance and pension services Financial services Computer services -3.3 -5.4 World Trade StatisticalWorld Review 2021 -15.5 93.7 cultural and Personal, services recreational -14% Construction -18% 2021Q1 2019Q4 2019Q3 2020Q1 2020Q4 2020Q3 2020Q2 Merchandise trade volume About the WTO The World Trade Organization deals with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible. About this publication World Trade Statistical Review provides a detailed analysis of the latest developments in world trade. It is the WTO’s flagship statistical publication and is produced on an annual basis. For more information All data used in this report, as well as additional charts and tables not included, can be downloaded from the WTO web site at www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Statistical Review 2021 I. Introduction 4 Acknowledgements 6 A message from Director-General 7 II. Highlights of world trade in 2020 and the impact of COVID-19 8 World trade overview 10 Merchandise trade 12 Commercial services 15 Leading traders 18 Least-developed countries 19 III. World trade and economic growth, 2020-21 20 Trade and GDP in 2020 and early 2021 22 Merchandise trade volume 23 Commodity prices 26 Exchange rates 27 Merchandise and services trade values 28 Leading indicators of trade 31 Economic recovery from COVID-19 34 IV. Composition, definitions & methodology 40 Composition of geographical and economic groupings 42 Definitions and methodology 42 Specific notes for selected economies 49 Statistical sources 50 Abbreviations and symbols 51 V. -
APPROACHES to ETHICAL TRADE: Impact and Lessons Learned
APPROACHES TO ETHICAL TRADE: Impact and lessons learned by Maggie Burns with Mick Blowfield Approaches to Ethical Trade Page 1 Maggie Burns Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ...........................................................................................1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..........................................................................................4 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................7 CONTEXT ................................................................................................................8 Bringing Ethics to Trade........................................................................................8 A Typography of Approaches to Ethical Trade..................................................10 CHANGING THE CLIMATE ...................................................................................11 FROM THE TOP ....................................................................................................13 FROM THE GRASSROOTS ..................................................................................15 DEVELOPING THE TOOLKIT ...............................................................................17 THE IMPACT OF ETHICAL TRADE ......................................................................19 Direct Impact.........................................................................................................19 Indirect Impact......................................................................................................20 -
What Is Corporate Law?
ISSN 1936-5349 (print) ISSN 1936-5357 (online) HARVARD JOHN M. OLIN CENTER FOR LAW, ECONOMICS, AND BUSINESS THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF CORPORATE LAW: WHAT IS CORPORATE LAW? John Armour, Henry Hansmann, Reinier Kraakman Discussion Paper No. 643 7/2009 Harvard Law School Cambridge, MA 02138 This paper can be downloaded without charge from: The Harvard John M. Olin Discussion Paper Series: http://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/olin_center/ The Social Science Research Network Electronic Paper Collection: http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract_id=####### This paper is also a discussion paper of the John M. Olin Center’s Program on Corporate Governance. The Essential Elements of Corporate Law What is Corporate Law? John Armour University of Oxford - Faculty of Law; Oxford-Man Institute of Quantitative Finance; European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI) Henry Hansmann Yale Law School; European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI) Reinier Kraakman Harvard Law School; John M. Olin Center for Law; European Corporate Governance Institute Abstract: This article is the first chapter of the second edition of The Anatomy of Corporate Law: A Comparative and Functional Approach, by Reinier Kraakman, John Armour, Paul Davies, Luca Enriques, Henry Hansmann, Gerard Hertig, Klaus Hopt, Hideki Kanda and Edward Rock (Oxford University Press, 2009). The book as a whole provides a functional analysis of corporate (or company) law in Europe, the U.S., and Japan. Its organization reflects the structure of corporate law across all jurisdictions, while individual chapters explore the diversity of jurisdictional approaches to the common problems of corporate law. In its second edition, the book has been significantly revised and expanded. -
Concept Note: Meeting on Enhancing Cooperative Trade for Decent Workpdf
Concept Note Meeting on enhancing cooperation and trade between cooperatives and other SSE organizations for decent work Date: 12 June 2018 09:00-17:00 Location: ILO Geneva, Room VI (R3 South), 4 route des Morillons, Entry building R2 North Background As member-driven and people-centred organizations, cooperatives and other social and solidarity economy (SSE) enterprises and organizations play an important role in advancing productive and decent work.1 These organizations are well-placed in contributing to the implementation and achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including Goal 8 on decent work and economic growth. Through providing job opportunities and improving livelihoods, the cooperative model can support vulnerable segments of society such as unemployed youth, single female headed households, migrant workers, indigenous communities and people with disabilities. Beside their inclusiveness, cooperatives aim to enable equitable opportunities to small farmers, traders and crafts people by pooling resources to achieve economies of scale for access to inputs, credit, technology and markets. Cooperatives facilitate individual producers’ collective voice and negotiation power with key players across the supply chain for fairer returns to their members and communities. These collective efforts can foster participation and social dialogue across broader policy domains at national and international level. Cooperatives are guided by internationally agreed principles and values that prioritize social well-being, democracy, self-help, equality and solidarity among others, while providing economic opportunities to their members. The principles were developed by the international cooperative movement (ICA), and are adopted by the ILO in the Promotion of Cooperatives Recommendation, 2002 (No. 193). Principle No. 6 is on promoting cooperation among cooperatives at local, national, regional and international levels to serve their members most effectively and strengthen the cooperative movement.