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Low-THC Cannabis Products in Europe
Low-THC cannabis products in Europe December 2020 Legal notice This publication of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is protected by copyright. The EMCDDA accepts no responsibility or liability for any consequences arising from the use of the data contained in this document. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official opinions of the EMCDDA’s partners, any EU Member State or any agency or institution of the European Union. Manuscript completed in December 2020 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2020 © European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 2020 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Credits for cover photos: Envato (first and third photos, left to right), Brendan Hughes (other photos). For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EMCDDA copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. Print ISBN 978-92-9497-555-3 doi:10.2810/593551 TD-03-20-749-EN-C PDF ISBN 978-92-9497-554-6 doi:10.2810/69625 TD-03-20-749-EN-N Recommended citation: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (2020), Low-THC cannabis products in Europe, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. YEARS OF MONITORING 1995–2020 Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. +351 211210200 [email protected] I www.emcdda.europa.eu twitter.com/emcdda I facebook.com/emcdda I Contents 4 Introduction and rationale 4 I What are low-THC cannabis products? -
Seon Dialogues 禪語錄禪語錄 Seonseon Dialoguesdialogues John Jorgensen
8 COLLECTED WORKS OF KOREAN BUDDHISM 8 SEON DIALOGUES 禪語錄禪語錄 SEONSEON DIALOGUESDIALOGUES JOHN JORGENSEN COLLECTED WORKS OF KOREAN BUDDHISM VOLUME 8 禪語錄 SEON DIALOGUES Collected Works of Korean Buddhism, Vol. 8 Seon Dialogues Edited and Translated by John Jorgensen Published by the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism Distributed by the Compilation Committee of Korean Buddhist Thought 45 Gyeonji-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-170, Korea / T. 82-2-725-0364 / F. 82-2-725-0365 First printed on June 25, 2012 Designed by ahn graphics ltd. Printed by Chun-il Munhwasa, Paju, Korea © 2012 by the Compilation Committee of Korean Buddhist Thought, Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism This project has been supported by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Republic of Korea. ISBN: 978-89-94117-12-6 ISBN: 978-89-94117-17-1 (Set) Printed in Korea COLLECTED WORKS OF KOREAN BUDDHISM VOLUME 8 禪語錄 SEON DIALOGUES EDITED AND TRANSLATED BY JOHN JORGENSEN i Preface to The Collected Works of Korean Buddhism At the start of the twenty-first century, humanity looked with hope on the dawning of a new millennium. A decade later, however, the global village still faces the continued reality of suffering, whether it is the slaughter of innocents in politically volatile regions, the ongoing economic crisis that currently roils the world financial system, or repeated natural disasters. Buddhism has always taught that the world is inherently unstable and its teachings are rooted in the perception of the three marks that govern all conditioned existence: impermanence, suffering, and non-self. Indeed, the veracity of the Buddhist worldview continues to be borne out by our collective experience today. -
The Daoist Tradition Also Available from Bloomsbury
The Daoist Tradition Also available from Bloomsbury Chinese Religion, Xinzhong Yao and Yanxia Zhao Confucius: A Guide for the Perplexed, Yong Huang The Daoist Tradition An Introduction LOUIS KOMJATHY Bloomsbury Academic An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 50 Bedford Square 175 Fifth Avenue London New York WC1B 3DP NY 10010 UK USA www.bloomsbury.com First published 2013 © Louis Komjathy, 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Louis Komjathy has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Author of this work. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury Academic or the author. Permissions Cover: Kate Townsend Ch. 10: Chart 10: Livia Kohn Ch. 11: Chart 11: Harold Roth Ch. 13: Fig. 20: Michael Saso Ch. 15: Fig. 22: Wu’s Healing Art Ch. 16: Fig. 25: British Taoist Association British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: 9781472508942 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Komjathy, Louis, 1971- The Daoist tradition : an introduction / Louis Komjathy. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4411-1669-7 (hardback) -- ISBN 978-1-4411-6873-3 (pbk.) -- ISBN 978-1-4411-9645-3 (epub) 1. -
Low-THC Cannabis Products in Europe
Low-THC cannabis products in Europe December 2020 Legal notice This publication of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is protected by copyright. The EMCDDA accepts no responsibility or liability for any consequences arising from the use of the data contained in this document. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official opinions of the EMCDDA’s partners, any EU Member State or any agency or institution of the European Union. Manuscript completed in December 2020 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2020 © European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 2020 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Credits for cover photos: Envato (first and third photos, left to right), Brendan Hughes (other photos). For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EMCDDA copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. Print ISBN 978-92-9497-555-3 doi:10.2810/593551 TD-03-20-749-EN-C PDF ISBN 978-92-9497-554-6 doi:10.2810/69625 TD-03-20-749-EN-N Recommended citation: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (2020), Low-THC cannabis products in Europe, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. YEARS OF MONITORING 1995–2020 Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. +351 211210200 [email protected] I www.emcdda.europa.eu twitter.com/emcdda I facebook.com/emcdda I Contents 4 Introduction and rationale 4 I What are low-THC cannabis products? -
On the Reconstruction of the Shenxian Zhuan
On the reconstruction of the Shenxian zhuan . School of Oriental and African Studies The Shenxian zhuan is a biographical (or hagiographical) collection of great importance to our understanding of the formation of the Taoist religion in the early centuries of the Common Era. A text of this name was put together by Ge Hong (283–343), but it has long been suspected that the best-known version currently available was actually confected for commercial rather than academic purposes in the sixteenth century from quotations in other sources, and that the direct tradition of the text has been lost. The careful reconstitution of a reliable version of the original work—or at least of an ancient version—has been the goal of a number of scholars, and the appearance of such a work of scholarship in the form of a translation, as part of what will doubtless prove to be a standard reference series for Taoist texts in English, certainly gives full occasion for congratulating not only the author, Robert Ford Campany, but also the series editor and indeed the press that has made the publication of this typographically complex and lengthy monograph possible.1 There is indeed much to admire here, right from the ‘Foreword’ by the series editor, Stephen R. Bokenkamp, which provides (on p. xxii) a stout defence of academic translation against those, including tenure and promotion committees, who see it as ‘just a skill, like taking dictation’.2 This publication does, however, give an unrivalled opportunity for assessing how much we have learned concerning the reconstitution of lost texts from the period of disunion following the collapse of China's first period of imperial unity, and it is on this question of how to go about the work of reconstitution that the following remarks will concentrate. -
Phytochemicals in the Control of Human Appetite and Body Weight
Pharmaceuticals 2010, 3, 748-763; doi:10.3390/ph3030748 OPEN ACCESS pharmaceuticals ISSN 1424-8247 www.mdpi.com/journal/pharmaceuticals Review Phytochemicals in the Control of Human Appetite and Body Weight Sonia A. Tucci Kissileff Laboratory for the Study of Human Ingestive Behaviour, School of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-151-794-1121; Fax: +44-151-794-2945 Received: 9 December 2009; in revised form: 10 March 2010 / Accepted: 19 March 2010 / Published: 22 March 2010 Abstract: Since obesity has grown to epidemic proportions, its effective management is a very important clinical issue. Despite the great amount of scientific effort that has been put into understanding the mechanisms that lead to overconsumption and overweight, at the moment very few approaches to weight management are effective in the long term. On the other hand, modern society is also affected by the growing incidence of eating disorders on the other side of the spectrum such as anorexia and bulimia nervosa which are equally difficult to treat. This review will try to summarise the main findings available in the literature regarding the effect of plants or plant extracts (phytochemicals) on human appetite and body weight. The majority of plant extracts are not single compounds but rather a mixture of different molecules, therefore their mechanism of action usually targets several systems. In addition, since some cellular receptors tend to be widely distributed, sometimes a single molecule can have a widespread effect. This review will attempt to describe the main phytochemicals that have been suggested to affect the homeostatic mechanisms that influence intake and body weight. -
Tratamiento Farmacológico De Dolor Neuropático De Tipo Central En Pacientes Con Esclerosis Múltiple1
TRATAMIENTO FARMACOLÓGICO DE DOLOR NEUROPÁTICO DE TIPO CENTRAL EN PACIENTES CON ESCLEROSIS MÚLTIPLE1 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE: PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY IN CENTRAL NEUROPATHIC PAIN FOR MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATIENTS 2 Andrés Mauricio Álvarez Pinzón. 3 Janice Maldonado. Resumen Abstract La Esclerosis Múltiple es una enfermedad neurodesmie- Multiple sclerosis is an immunological disease that linizante de origen inmunológico que afecta a personas affects people between 16 and 40 years of age who entre los 16 a 40 años de edad quienes presentan como present central neuropathic pain more common as a síntoma asociado frecuente el dolor neuropático de tipo rate percentage 36% to 82% of MS patients. The neuro- central en un porcentaje del 36% al 82% de los pacientes. pathic pain syndromes dysfunction are evidenced by Dichos síndromes de dolor neuropático se evidencian por central nervous system dysfunction and injury to the disfunción del sistema nervioso central y lesión de las asas neural loops and myelin coating causing disability and neurales y su recubrimiento mielinico causando discapa- impaired quality of life of patients. cidad y deterioro de la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Objective: To evaluate the analgesic effectiveness with Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad analgésica con menos fewer side effects of pharmacological treatments of efectos secundarios de los tratamientos farmacológicos Central Neuropathic pain in MS patients. de dolor neuropático en pacientes con Esclerosis Múltiple. Methodology: We performed a search strategy -
NGO Directory
National Foundation for Health Progress and Research Development Centre Culturel d'Hussein-Day Africa 16000 Alger Algeria Phone: (213-21)2 31 655 Fax: (213-21) 23 1644 E-mail: [email protected] Contact: Mostefa KHIATI Title: President Founded in: 1990 ECOSOC : Special consultative status Drug Control Activities and Methods of Intervention: Prevention, education, counselling, research, training Repeated awareness raising campaigns Other Areas: Health, prevention of HIV/AIDS, solidarity, training National Foundation for Medical Research Cultural Centre of El-Biar Room 36 Africa El Biar, Algiers Algeria Phone: (213-2) 502 991 Fax: (213-2) 503 675 E-mail: Contact: Prof. Mustapha ACHOUI Title: President Founded in: 1980 ECOSOC : None Drug Control Activities and Methods of Intervention: Prevention, research and rehabilitation of drug abusers. Training of psychologists in prevention and rehabilitation techniques. Organizing and developing training systems. Target groups contacted with a few monographs. Other Areas: Research on various different medical cases. Page: 1 Movimento Nacional Vida Livre M.N.V.L. Av. Comandante Valodia No. 283, 2. And.P.24. Africa C.P. 3969 Angola, Rep. Of Luanda Phone: (244-2) 443 887 Fax: E-mail: Contact: Dr. Celestino Samuel Miezi Title: National Director, Professor Founded in: 1989 ECOSOC : Drug Control Activities and Methods of Intervention: Prevention, education, treatment, counselling, rehabilitation, training, and criminology To combat drugs and its consequences through specialized psychotherapy and detoxification Other Areas: Health, psychotherapy, ergo therapy Maison Blanche (CERMA) 03 BP 1718 Africa Cotonou Benin Phone: (229) 300850/302816 Fax: (229) 30 04 26 E-mail: Contact: Prof. Rene Gilbert AHYI Title: President Founded in: 1988 ECOSOC : None Drug Control Activities and Methods of Intervention: Prevention, treatment, training and education. -
Effects of Combined THC and Heroin Vapor Inhalation
Psychopharmacology https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-021-05904-w ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION Efects of combined THC and heroin vapor inhalation in rats Arnold Gutierrez1,2 · Jacques D. Nguyen1,2 · Kevin M. Creehan1,2 · Mehrak Javadi‑Paydar1 · Yanabel Grant1,2 · Michael A. Tafe1,2 Received: 27 April 2021 / Accepted: 27 May 2021 © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract Rationale Opioids are efective medications, but they have several key limitations including the development of tolerance, establishment of dependence, diversion for non-medical use, and the development of addiction. Therefore, any drugs which act in an additive or synergistic fashion with opioids to address medical applications have the potential to reduce opioid- related harms. Objectives To determine if heroin and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) interact in an additive or independent manner to alter nociception, body temperature, and spontaneous locomotor activity when inhaled or injected. Methods Groups of female and male rats, implanted with radiotelemetry transmitters, were exposed to vapor generated from heroin (50 mg/mL in propylene glycol vehicle; PG), THC (50 mg/mL), or the combination for assessment of efects on temperature and activity. Thermal nociception was assessed with a warm water tail-withdrawal assay. Results Heroin inhalation increased temperature and activity whereas THC inhalation decreased temperature and activity in both female and male Sprague–Dawley rats. Efects of combined inhalation were in opposition, and additional experiments found the same outcome for the injection of heroin (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) and THC (10 mg/kg, i.p.) alone and in combination. -
Xiaoshuo in the Taiping Guangji 1)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Collection, Classification and Conception of Xiaoshuo in the Taiping Guangji 1) Xiaohuan Zhao Introducing Remarks This paper aims to investigate the classificatory system of a genre of classical Chi- nese literature known as “xiaoshuo” 小說 (petty talk) in the Taiping guangji 太平廣記 (Extensive Records of the Era of Supreme Peace, hereafter as TPGJ) in 500 juan 卷 (scroll). This multi-volume xiaoshuo anthology was compiled during a period bearing the title “Supreme Peace and Nation Restored” (Taiping xingguo 太平興國, 976–983) under the reign of Emperor Taizong 太宗 (r. 976–998) of the Northern Song dynasty 北宋 (960–1127).2) I will start with a brief review of the historical background for the compilation of TPGJ and its textual history. I will then make an investigation into the organization and structure of TPGJ and analyze the rationale behind the establish- ment and arrangement of xiaoshuo categories in it. And finally I will draw a conclu- sion on the early Song conception of xiaoshuo as revealed through the xiaoshuo collec- tion and classification in TPGJ. The earliest attempt at a systematic classification of xiaoshuo as a genre of literature independent from historical and philosophical writings was made by the Ming 明 bib- liophile Hu Yinglin 胡應麟 (1551–1602),3) who divided xiaoshuo into six categories, al- though he admitted that there existed overlapping areas in his hex-classificatory scheme, especially with regard to the generic relations between zhiguai 志怪 (records of the strange) and chuanqi 傳奇 (transmissions of the marvellous).4) “In case of this,” he suggested, “classification should be based on what is most emphasized” [gu ju qi zhong er yi 姑舉其重而已].5) Some twentieth century scholars also state this principle, implicitly or explicitly, in their studies of traditional Chinese literature,6) as shown in Y. -
The Dramatis Personae 43
The Dramatis Personae 43 Chapter 2 The Dramatis Personae Although a mere fragment of the once-rich Daoist hagiographic literature of early medieval China has been preserved, it nevertheless provides us with some idea about the large numbers of people deemed to have attained immor- tality. The vitae of seventy immortals are contained in the received version of the Liexian zhuan, more than one hundred additional practitioners of immor- tality arts are recorded in the Shenxian zhuan, and stories of various other adepts are scattered throughout historiographic sources, such as the Shiji, the Hou Han shu, and records of strange phenomena (zhiguai). Not all successful immortality seekers, however, became protagonists of the poetry written by scholar-officials and courtiers. Only a few of the xian immor- tals who were often referred to in prose sources appeared regularly in poetry as well, while some of the important Daoist personalities were never adopted in secular verse and thus remained in the narrower domain of religious cults. Our discussion will start with an overview of the major figures connected with immortality who achieved popularity in early poetic narratives. Xi Wangmu Written and pictorial records testify that by far the most venerated deity con- nected with immortality in early medieval China was Xi Wangmu 西王母, the Queen Mother of the West.1 Her image as the queen of the immortals evolved from several different traditions that had probably existed independently 1 The image of Xi Wangmu in early religious thought and pictorial arts has been thoroughly studied. For a comprehensive overview, see Loewe, Ways to Paradise, 86–126. -
Interpretation and Literature in Early Medieval China
Introduction Early medieval China, spanning the period from the last years of the Eastern, or Later Han dynasty (second century C.E.) to the early Tang in the seventh century, marks an era of profound change in Chinese history. The decline and eventual demise of the Han dynasty in 220 C.E. altered drastically the Chinese political and intellectual landscape. During the period of Wei-Jin Nanbeichao 魏晉南北朝 (Wei, Jin, and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, 220–589) that followed, leaving aside changes on the political front, new currents in aesthetics, ethics, hermeneutics, lit- erature, and religion surged to the fore and left an indelible mark on the subsequent development of Chinese thought and culture. The nine essays gathered here explore from a variety of methodological perspectives the hermeneutic and literary world of early medieval China. This book should be perused together with its companion, Philosophy and Religion in Early Medieval China, also published by SUNY Press (2010), which offers eleven studies on major issues in Wei-Jin xuanxue 玄學 (learning of the mysterious Dao), the widespread phenomenon of reclusion among the literati, conceptions of “destiny” (ming 命) and retri- bution, and aspects of religious Daoism and Buddhism. In the Introduction to that volume, we sketched a fuller background, including references to earlier studies and the usage of key terms such as “xuanxue” and “early medieval China” itself, which will not be repeated in these pages. What should be reiterated is that the division into two volumes refl ects not only thematic interest but also a pragmatic decision. The project was conceived as a multidisciplinary venture.