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The Outer Thames Estuary Regional Environmental Characterisation Marine Aggregate Levy Sustainability Fund MALSF

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The Outer Thames Estuary Regional Environmental Characterisation Marine Aggregate Levy Sustainability Fund MALSF Marine Aggregate Levy Sustainability Fund MALSF The Outer Thames Estuary Regional Environmental Characterisation Marine Aggregate Levy Sustainability Fund MALSF Cover Image Credits Main Image Top Row: Left to Right Bottom Row: Left to Right Inside Front Cover Crown Copyright 2007, Courtesy of Cefas Crown Copyright 2007, Courtesy of Emu Ltd. Crown Copyright 2007, Courtesy of MES Ltd. Copyright British Crown and SeaZone Solutions Crown Copyright 2007, Courtesy of St Andrews Crown Copyright 2007, Courtesy of Emu Ltd. Limited. All rights reserved. Products License University and English Heritage Crown Copyright 2007, Courtesy of MALSF 052008.012 Crown Copyright 2007, Courtesy of Cefas CD Image Credits Main Image Top Row: Left to Right Bottom Row: Left to Right Crown Copyright 2007, Courtesy of Emu Ltd. Crown Copyright 2007, Courtesy of Emu Ltd. Crown Copyright 2007, Courtesy of Emu Ltd. Crown Copyright 2007, Courtesy of St Andrews Crown Copyright 2007, Courtesy of MES Ltd. University and English Heritage Outer Thames Estuary Regional Environmental Characterisation Marine Aggregate Levy Sustainability Fund (MALSF) Administered by: Report written by: July 2009 09/J/1/06/1305/0870 MEPF 08/01 Outer Thames Estuary Regional Environmental Characterisation Outer Thames Estuary Regional Environmental Characterisation Document Release and Authorisation Record Job No: J/1/06/1305 EMU CONTACT DETAILS CLIENT CONTACT DETAILS Report No: 09/J/1/06/1305/0870 Version: 2 Emu Limited Marine Aggregate Levy Sustainability Fund (MALSF) Date: July 2009 Head Office Commissioned by the Marine Environment Protection Fund (MEPF) Status: Final Report Client Name: Marine Aggregate Levy Sustainability Fund (MALSF) 1 Mill Court C/o Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas) Client Contact: Patricia Falconer, Marine Environment Protection Fund (MEPF) Durley Pakefield Road Southampton Lowestoft QA Name Signature Date SO32 2EJ Suffolk NR33 0HT Project Manager Ian Selby 30/07/2009 T: 01489 860050 F: 01489 860051 Emu Ltd & Report written by University of Southampton www.emulimited.com Report checked by Nigel Thomas 30/07/2009 Report authorised by Nigel Thomas 30/07/2009 © Crown Copyright 2009 Disclaimer Emu Ltd, Outer Thames Estuary Regional Environmental Characterisation The opinions expressed in this report are entirely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the MALSF or Defra. In no Published by Marine Aggregate Levy Sustainability Fund event shall the MALSF or any of its affiliated members, including Cefas (as MALSF delivery partner operating under the Marine Environment Protection Fund (MEPF)) be liable for any damages, including, without limitation, any disruption, damage and/or loss to your data or First Published 2009 computer system that may occur while using the sites below or the data. The MALSF makes no warranty, express or implied, including the Original sources of information are presented as a list of references at the end of this report. warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose; nor assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any data, information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed; nor represents that its use would not infringe ISBN: 978-00907545-28-9 the rights of any third party. This report is available at www.alsf-mepf.org.uk Project Funding MEPF data is available from www.marinegis.org.uk This work was funded by the Marine Aggregate Levy Sustainability Fund (MALSF) and commissioned by the Marine Environment Please see also page 3, headings 1.6 and 1.7. Protection Fund (MEPF). Dissemination Statement Background to the Fund MALSF material (excluding the logos) may be reproduced in any format or medium providing it is not used for commercial development of a In 2002, the Government imposed a levy on all primary aggregates production (including marine aggregates) to reflect the environmental costs product that can then be sold on for profit. It may only be re-used accurately and not in a misleading context. of winning these materials. A proportion of the revenue generated was used to provide a source of funding for research aimed at minimising the effects of aggregate production. This fund, delivered through Defra, is known as the Aggregate Levy Sustainability Fund (ALSF); marine is Any reproduction must include acknowledgement of the source of the material (MALSF) and the title of the source publication. All MALSF one element of the fund. material is Crown copyright and must be acknowledged as such. Where Third Party copyright has been identified, further use of that material requires permission from the copyright holders concerned. Governance The Defra-chaired MALSF Steering Group develops the commissioning strategy and oversees the delivery arrangements of the Fund. Digital bathymetric data incorporated into GIS productions within this report have been provided under MEPF licence. Copyright British Crown and Seazone Solutions Limited. All rights reserved. Products Licence 052008.012. Delivery Partners Where UKHO Admiralty Charts are incorporated into GIS productions, the product has been derived in part from material obtained from the UK The Marine ALSF is currently administered by two Delivery partners – the MEPF (based at Cefas, Lowestoft) and English Heritage. Hydrographic Office with permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office and UK Hydrographic Office (www.ukho.gov.uk). NOT TO BE USED FOR NAVIGATION. Report Number: 09/J/1/06/1305/0870 i Emu Limited Outer Thames Estuary Regional Environmental Characterisation Contents 2.7.3 Cables and Pipelines.................................... 27 4.6.6 2 m Beam Trawl Data...................................89 2.7.4 Aggregate Dredging ..................................... 27 4.7 Marine Mammals ..........................................................90 Executive Summary....................................................................ix 2.7.5 Dredge Disposal Sites.................................. 28 4.7.1 Data Availability and Information Sources....90 1. Introduction ....................................................................1 2.7.6 Commercial Fishing...................................... 28 4.7.2 Marine Mammals in the Outer Thames 1.1 Aim ................................................................................. 1 3. Geology and Heritage Characterisation.....................29 Estuary REC Study Area ..............................91 1.2 Regional Environmental Characterisation...................... 1 3.1 Geology and Heritage Overview .................................. 29 4.7.3 Cetacean Distribution in the Outer Thames 1.3 Location of the Study Area............................................. 2 3.2 Geology and Heritage Method Statement .................... 29 Estuary REC Study Area ..............................91 1.4 Study Team.................................................................... 2 3.2.1 Geology........................................................ 29 4.7.4 Pinniped Distribution in the Outer Thames 1.5 Data Sources ................................................................. 2 3.2.2 Heritage........................................................ 30 Estuary REC Study Area ..............................91 1.6 Report Structure............................................................. 3 3.3 Geological History ........................................................ 31 4.8 Ornithology ...................................................................92 1.7 Outputs........................................................................... 3 3.3.1 Cretaceous................................................... 31 4.8.1 Marine Bird Species within the Outer Thames Estuary REC Study area ................92 2. Regional Setting.............................................................7 3.3.2 Cenozoic ...................................................... 31 4.8.2 Future Designations .....................................92 2.1 The Coast....................................................................... 7 3.3.3 Quaternary ................................................... 35 4.9 Commercial Fisheries ...................................................93 2.2 Bathymetry and Seabed Morphology............................. 8 3.4 Heritage........................................................................ 41 5. Integrated Assessment of Habitats and Biotopes ....95 2.2.1 The Western Zone ......................................... 8 3.4.1 Archaeology and Sea-Level Change............ 41 2.2.2 The Central Zone ........................................... 8 3.4.2 Archaeological Review................................. 43 5.1 Morphological Zones ....................................................95 2.2.3 The Eastern Zone .......................................... 8 3.5 Integrated Geological and Archaeological Chronology 52 5.2 Palaeochannel Fauna...................................................95 2.3 Seabed Sediments and Sediment Transport ............... 12 4. Ecological Characterisation........................................55 5.3 Features of Conservation Interest ................................96 2.3.1 Western Zone .............................................. 12 4.1 Benthic Macrofauna ..................................................... 55 5.3.1 Habitats ........................................................96 2.3.2 Central Zone ................................................ 15 4.1.1 Hamon Grab Data .......................................
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