DOCSLIB.ORG

FY 2001 Country Commercial Guide: Hungary

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
FY 2001 Country Commercial Guide: Hungary 1 U.S. Department of State FY 2001 Country Commercial Guide: Hungary The Country Commercial Guide for Hungary was prepared by U.S. Embassy Budapest and released by the Bureau of Economic and Business in July 2000 for Fiscal Year 2001. International Copyright, U.S. & Foreign Commercial Service and the U.S. Department of State, 2000. All rights reserved outside the United States. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... 1 II. ECONOMIC TRENDS AND OUTLOOK................................................................................ 6 A. Major Trends and Outlook......................................................................................................... 6 B. Principal Growth Sectors ........................................................................................................... 8 C. Government Role in the Economy............................................................................................. 8 D. Balance of Payments Situation ................................................................................................10 E. Adequacy of Infrastructure....................................................................................................... 10 III. POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................. 11 A. Nature of Political Relationship with the United States .......................................................... 11 B. Major Political Issues Affecting the Business Climate ........................................................... 12 C. Brief Synopsis of the Political System .................................................................................... 12 IV. MARKETING U.S. PRODUCTS AND SERVICES ............................................................ 13 A. Distribution and Sales Channels ..............................................................................................13 B. Use of Agents and Distributors................................................................................................ 14 C. Franchising............................................................................................................................... 15 D. Direct Marketing...................................................................................................................... 15 E. Forms of Business .................................................................................................................... 16 F. Joint Ventures/Licensing .......................................................................................................... 17 G. Steps to Establishing an Office................................................................................................ 17 H. Selling Factors/Techniques...................................................................................................... 18 I. Advertising and Trade Promotion ............................................................................................. 19 J. Pricing Issues ............................................................................................................................ 22 K. Sales Service/Customer Support.............................................................................................. 22 2 L. Selling to the Government ....................................................................................................... 22 M. Need for a Local Attorney/Accountant ................................................................................... 23 N. Performing Due Diligence/Checking Bona Fides of Banks/Agents/Customers ..................... 24 V. LEADING SECTORS FOR U.S. EXPORTS AND INVESTMENT ..................................... 24 A. Best Prospects for Non-Agricultural Goods and Services....................................................... 24 1 - COMPUTERS AND PERIPHERALS (CPT).................................................................... 24 2 - INTERNET SERVICES ..................................................................................................... 25 3 - TRAVEL/TOURISM SERVICES (TRA) ......................................................................... 26 4 - FRANCHISING (FRA)....................................................................................................... 28 5 - COMBINED HEAT AND POWER GENERATION (CHP) AND OTHER DISTRICT-HEAT- ING EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES (ELP, GSV)................................................................. 29 B. Best Prospects for Agricultural Products ................................................................................. 31 1. SEED ................................................................................................................................... 31 2. SOYBEAN MEAL .............................................................................................................. 31 3. BOVINE SEMEN................................................................................................................32 4. POULTRY BREEDING STOCK ....................................................................................... 32 5. DRIED FRUITS & NUTS (INC. PEANUTS) .................................................................... 32 6. BEEF .................................................................................................................................... 33 C. Significant Investment Opportunities ...................................................................................... 33 VI. TRADE REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS ................................................................... 34 A. Trade Policies and Barriers...................................................................................................... 34 B. Customs Valuation................................................................................................................... 35 C. Import Licenses........................................................................................................................ 36 D. Export Controls........................................................................................................................ 36 E. Import/Export Documentation Requirements .......................................................................... 36 F. Temporary Entry ...................................................................................................................... 37 G. Labeling, Marking Requirements ............................................................................................ 37 H. Prohibited Imports ................................................................................................................... 38 I. Standards ................................................................................................................................... 38 J. Free Trade Zones/Warehouses ..................................................................................................39 K. Membership in Free Trade Arrangements ............................................................................... 39 VII. INVESTMENT CLIMATE .................................................................................................. 40 A1. Openness to Foreign Investment ....................................................................................... 40 A2. Conversion and Transfer Policies ...................................................................................... 42 A3. Expropriation and Compensation ...................................................................................... 42 A4. Dispute Settlement............................................................................................................. 43 A5. Performance Requirements/Incentives .............................................................................. 43 A6. Right to Private Ownership and Establishment ................................................................. 44 A7. Protection of Property Rights ............................................................................................ 45 A8. Transparency of the Regulatory System ............................................................................ 46 A9. Efficient Capital Markets and Portfolio Investment .......................................................... 47 A10. Political Violence............................................................................................................. 48 A11. Corruption........................................................................................................................ 49 B. Bilateral Investment Agreements......................................................................................... 49 3 C. OPIC and Other Investment Insurance Programs ................................................................ 49 D. Labor .................................................................................................................................... 50 E. Foreign Trade Zones/Free Ports ........................................................................................... 50 F. Foreign Direct Investment Statistics .................................................................................... 51 VIII. TRADE AND PROJECT FINANCING ............................................................................. 51 A. Description of the Banking System
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rights of People with Intellectual Disabilities: Access to Education
    Rights of People with Intellectual Disabilities Access to Education and Employment Slovenia MONITORING ACCESS TO EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT Table of Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................ 5 Preface ........................................................................................... 9 Foreword ..................................................................................... 11 I. Executive Summary and Recommendations .......................... 13 1. Executive Summary ......................................................... 13 2. Recommendations ........................................................... 18 II. Country Overview and Background ...................................... 24 1. Legal and Administrative Framework .............................. 24 1.1 International standards and obligations ..................... 24 1.2 Domestic legislation ................................................. 25 2. General Situation of People with Intellectual Disabilities . 29 2.1 Definitions ............................................................... 30 2.2 Diagnosis and assessment of disability ....................... 32 2.3 Guardianship ............................................................ 34 2.4 Statistical data ........................................................... 38 2.5 Deinstitutionalisation ............................................... 39 III. Access to Education .............................................................. 45 1. Legal and Administrative
    [Show full text]
  • Why Baumax and Praktiker Disappeared – Why Did They Fail?
    Why baumax and Praktiker disappeared – why did they fail? Stockholm, 9th Juni 2016 Prof. Dr.rer.pol. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Roeb M.A. HS (University of Applied Sciences) Bonn-Rhein-Sieg 4th Global DIY-Summit Prof. Dr.rer.pol. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Roeb M.A. 1 9th Juni 2016 HS Bonn-Rhein-Sieg - [email protected] Prof. Dr. Dr. Thomas ROEB M.A. clients (selected retailers) contact • AMS Sourcing B.V. (NL) CEO • atb market (UA) Marketing Director • Anton Schlecker VP Purchasing • basic AG CEO • Delhaize Group (B) Senior VP Group Purchasing • Denner AG (CH) CEO • denree GmbH CEO • dm-drogerie markt GmbH & Co. KG Owner/CEO • EDEKA Zentrale AG & Co. KG Director Marketing • Gebr. Bratzler Fruchtgroßhandel CEO • Ihr Platz GmbH & Co. KG VP Sales and Purchasing • Jawoll GmbH Owner/CEO • Kopeika (RUS) Consultants to the Board • Kaufland Stiftung VP Purchasing • Lidl Discount Stiftung CEO • Nordwest Handel AG 3 different CEOs • Penny Discount CEO • Plus Warenhandels GmbH CEO • Praktiker AG CEO • REWE AG CEO • Tchibo AG VP Sales & Marketing • Weltladendachverband e.V. Head of Marketing 2 Prof. Dr. Dr. Thomas ROEB M.A. clients (selected suppliers): • n.v. artic s.a. • AVO-Werke August Beisse GmbH • Axel-Springer Verlags AG • Bongrain Deutschland GmbH • GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare … • Hewlett Packard Europe • Intersnack Knabber-Gebäck GmbH & Co. KG • Josef Schmitz Grafschafter Krautfabrik GmbH • Laverana GmbH • Moksel-Gruppe • Nestlé Deutschland AG • Fleischwarenfabrik Heinrich Nölke GmbH & Co • H.&E. Reinert Westfälische Privat-Fleischerei … • SC Johnson GmbH • Westfleisch 3 Prof. Dr. Dr. Thomas ROEB M.A. clients (selected others): • Bundesministerium für Verbraucherschutz, Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (Ministry of Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture) • CMA Centrale Marketing-Gesellschaft der Deutschen Agrarwirtschaft mbH (Central Marketing Organization of the German Agriculture) • Die Verbraucherinitiative e.V.
    [Show full text]
  • Market Research – Eastern Europe Fresh Flowers in the Czech
    . Market Research – Eastern Europe Fresh flowers in the Czech Republic .......... Proexport – Colombia Equipo de Trabajo Dirección de Información Comercial Jorge Luis Gutiérrez – Director Fernando Piñeros – Subdirector Proyectos Especiales Bibiana Gutiérrez – Analista de Inteligencia de Mercados [email protected] www.proexport.gov.co www.proexport.com.co Calle 28 No. 13ª – 15, Piso 35 Tel: (571) 5600100 Fax: (571) 5600118 Bogotá, Colombia GRUPO CONSULTOR EUNITE, Nederland Todos los derechos reservados. Ni la totalidad ni parte de este documento puede reproducirse o transmitirse por ningún procedimiento electrónico o mecánico, incluyendo fotocopias, impresión o grabación. Estimado Empresario: La búsqueda de acuerdos comerciales que nos permitan como país ampliar los escenarios y mercados de exportación, nos reta como PROEXPORT a apoyar en forma directa a los empresarios en sus iniciativas exportadoras, ofreciendo servicios dentro de un modelo del gestión comercial y compartiendo un conocimiento más detallado sobre los mercados y sus oportunidades. Para lograr lo anterior, PROEXPORT, con inversión de recursos propios y de cooperación técnica no-reembolsables del BID-FOMIN, emprendió una labor de recolección y análisis de información de primera mano en los principales mercados de interés a través de la contratación de consultorías internacionales especializadas en investigaciones de mercados. Los resultados de estos trabajos permitieron analizar y conocer la dinámica comercial de los sectores en los cuales existe un potencial para
    [Show full text]
  • Review of the Competition Between Diy Store Chains in Hungary
    Delhi Business Review ? Vol. 11, No. 1 (January - June 2010) REVIEW OF THE COMPETITION BETWEEN DIY STORE CHAINS IN HUNGARY Zsófia Balló* T is only fifteen years that the first Do It Yourself (DIY) store opened in Hungary. It was then a novelty that building materials became available not only at the building material depos, which I previously had the monopoly on the field, but at home decor stores, too. However, Hungarians quickly grew into the habit of ‘getting everything under the same roof’. Thus, just as the hypermarkets which sell fast moving consumer goods, DIY stores chains also began to develop dynamically. In this article after highlighting the competitors, researcher will determine the market and the target group; then researcher move on to analyze the coverage of DIY store chains in Hungary, along with the range of services they offer, and their marketing activity. Researcher will devote special attention to the characteristics of high marketing value that make a DIY chain unique on the present market and deliver advantage in competition for long term. Key Words: Do It Yourself Store, Consumer Satisfaction. Introduction It is only fifteen years since the first international Do it yourself (DIY) store opened in Hungary. It was then a novelty for building materials to become available not only at building material depots (widely known as Tüzép), which previously had the monopoly, but at home improvement stores too. Stores with huge floor areas selling fast moving consumer’s goods (FMCG) also appeared in the early 1990s, so the idea of stores offering the products found in various specialist shops in the same space was completely new for consumers.
    [Show full text]
  • Press Release Obi/Baumax
    PRESS RELEASE OBI/BAUMAX – CLOSING OF THE LARGEST DISTRESSED M&A TRANSACTION IN AUSTRIA AND CEE TO DATE WOLF THEISS ADVISES OBI ON THE TAKEOVER OF 67 BAUMAX STORES Vienna, November 3 2015 - On 31 October 2015, OBI took over the operations of 67 bauMax stores in Austria, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia by means of a series of asset deal transactions. 2,700 bauMax WOLF THEISS Rechtsanwälte Schubertring 6 employees who form part of the acquired business units have been taken on 1010 Vienna Austria by OBI. T +43 1 515 10 F +43 1 515 10 25 Properties rented by OBI in the Slovak Republic and Slovenia as part of the [email protected] www.wolftheiss.com transaction were acquired by Supernova by way of a simultaneous transaction; stores rented on a long-term basis by OBI in Austria are likewise expected to be acquired by Supernova before Christmas. For the past 12 months, Wolf Theiss has been providing OBI with advice on all legal matters concerning the transaction and its structuring in Austria, the Slovak Republic, the Czech Republic and Slovenia. This includes obtaining merger clearance approvals from the European Commission (for the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia) and from the Austrian Competition Authorities. "We are delighted that Wolf Theiss could support OBI in this major expansion. The acquisition of a large part of bauMax is one of the largest and most technically complex distressed M&A transactions in Austria and Central Europe," says Horst Ebhardt, who along with a multi-national team of lawyers coordinated the acquisition for OBI.
    [Show full text]
  • Karl ERJAVEC Minister Za Zunanje Zadeve Republike Slovenije Prešernova Cesta 25 SI-1001 Ljubljana
    EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 25.6.2018 C(2018) 3869 final In the published version of this decision, PUBLIC VERSION some information has been omitted, pursuant to articles 30 and 31 of Council This document is made available for Regulation (EU) 2015/1589 of 13 July 2015 information purposes only. laying down detailed rules for the application of Article 108 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, concerning non-disclosure of information covered by professional secrecy. The omissions are shown thus […] Subject: State Aid SA.49214 (2017/N) – Slovenia Restructuring of Semenarna Lubljana Sir, The European Commission (hereinafter: "the Commission") wishes to inform the Republic of Slovenia that, having examined the information supplied by your authorities, it has decided not to raise any objections to the State aid referred to above as it is compatible with the internal market pursuant to Article 107(3)(c) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union ("TFEU"). The Commission has based its decision on the following considerations: 1. PROCEDURE (1) On 28 September 2017, the Slovenian authorities formally notified a restructuring aid to Semenarna Lubljana d.o.o. (hereafter "Semenarna"). At the same time, the Slovenian authorities informed the Commission services that the restructuring plan would be submitted at a later state, which occurred on 3 November 2017. Karl ERJAVEC Minister za zunanje zadeve Republike Slovenije Prešernova cesta 25 SI-1001 Ljubljana Commission européenne, B-1049 Bruxelles – Belgique, Europese Commissie, B-1049 Brussel – België Telefon: +32 2 299. 11. 11. (2) The Commission requested additional information from the Slovenian authorities on 23 November 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Austria͛s Internaional Posiion After the End Of
    ƵƐƚƌŝĂ͛Ɛ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůWŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŌĞƌƚŚĞŶĚŽĨƚŚĞŽůĚtĂƌ Günter Bischof, Ferdinand Karlhofer (Eds.) CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | VOLUME 22 UNO PRESS innsbruck university press Copyright © 2013 by University of New Orleans Press, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage nd retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to UNO Press, University of New Orleans, LA 138, 2000 Lakeshore Drive. New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA. www.unopress.org. Printed in the United States of America Design by Lauren Capone Cover photo credit: Hopi Media Published in the United States by Published and distributed in Europe University of New Orleans Press: by Innsbruck University Press ISBN: 9781608011162 ISBN: 9783902936011 UNO PRESS Contemporary Austrian Studies Sponsored by the University of New Orleans and Universität Innsbruck Editors Günter Bischof, CenterAustria, University of New Orleans Ferdinand Karlhofer, Universität Innsbruck Assistant Editor Production and Copy Editor Dominik Hofmann-Wellenhof Lauren Capone University of New Orleans Executive Editors Christina Antenhofer, Universität Innsbruck Kevin Graves, University of New Orleans Advisory Board Siegfried Beer Sándor Kurtán Universität Graz Corvinus University Budapest Peter Berger Günther Pallaver Wirtschaftsuniversität
    [Show full text]
  • The Disaster of European Refugee Policy
    The Disaster of European Refugee Policy The Disaster of European Refugee Policy: Perspectives from the “Balkan Route” Edited by Igor Ž. Žagar, Neža Kogovšek Šalamon and Marina Lukšič Hacin The Disaster of European Refugee Policy: Perspectives from the “Balkan Route” Edited by Igor Ž. Žagar, Neža Kogovšek Šalamon and Marina Lukšič Hacin Ana Mlekuž, Assistant Editor Dean Zagorac, Copy Editor Reviewers: Mateja Sedmak Mitja Sardoč This book first published 2018 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2018 by Igor Ž. Žagar, Neža Kogovšek Šalamon, Marina Lukšič Hacin and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-0870-6 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-0870-5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 Timeline of the Refugee and Migrant Crisis 2015–2016 ............................. 7 Kaja Šeruga Chapter One ............................................................................................... 29 Refugees and the “Disorganised State of Exception”: EU and States’ Responses to Mass Arrivals through the Western Balkans Migration Route Neža
    [Show full text]
  • CZECH Power Industry Supplement of Czech Business and Trade
    5/ 2008 Supplement of Czech Business and Trade CZECH Power Industry CZECH POWER INDUSTRY CZECH POWER INDUSTRY Supplement of: Czech Business and Trade 09-10/2008 CONTENTS: 4 Editorial ANALYSIS 4 The Future of Power Industry in the Czech Republic 6 Gas Industry in the Czech Republic INVESTMENT 8 Czech Republic – Ideal Place for Production of Solar Panels Legislation Will Influence the Future of EDUCATION Nuclear Power 10 Electroenergetics – a Branch of Crucial Importance LEGISLATION 12 Legislation Will Influence the Future of Nuclear Power WE ARE INTRODUCING 14 Energy Centres, Future of Regional Power Supply CZECH TOP 16 CEZ Among Europe’s Top Ten Energy Giants 18 VÍTKOVICE CYLINDERS – Leader of the European Market and Development 20 Dalkia Making Intensive Use of Renewable Sources 22 ŠKODA PRAHA Invest and ŠKODA PRAHA – Strong Partnership on Czech Market of Power Plant Deliveries ENTERPRISE 24 RWE Offers Clearly Stated Advantages RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 25 Outlook in Nuclear Energy Research and Development Outlook in Nuclear Energy Research and SURVEY Development 26 Poll of Successful Companies Operating in the Power Industry Sector INFORMATION 30 Power Industry Sector Fairs and Exhibitions 30 Important Contacts PRESENTATION OF COMPANIES: 2 ČEPS, a.s. 9 ENVIROS, s.r.o. 11 VÁLCOVNA TRUB TŽ, a.s. 11 ORGREZ, a.s. 13 PRAKAB PRAŽSKÁ KABELOVNA, a.s. 15 AE&E CZ s.r.o. 15 CWS s.r.o. 17 ČEZ, a. s. 19 KABELOVNA Děčín Podmokly, s.r.o. 21 EGÚ Brno,a.s. 23 ELEKTROTRANS a.s. 27 I & C Energo a.s. 29 RWE Plynoprojekt, a.s. RWE Offers Clearly Stated Advantages 31 Severočeské doly a.s.
    [Show full text]
  • Restructuring Retail Property Markets in Central Europe: Impacts on Urban Space
    J Housing Built Environ (2007) 22:107–126 DOI 10.1007/s10901-006-9068-z ORIGINAL PAPER Restructuring retail property markets in Central Europe: impacts on urban space Herman J. Kok Received: 20 November 2006 / Accepted: 20 November 2006 / Published online: 23 February 2007 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 Abstract This paper discusses the changing retail property structures in Central Europe in the aftermath of the integration of these countries in the global economy. In general, within the property market, retail real estate is the market sector that is most affected by internationalization. Therefore, this sector is relatively transparent compared to the office and residential markets. The macro-economic transitions in Central Europe and the integration of these countries in the world economy opened these markets to international retailers. As a result, the retail scene in these countries, combined with the structure of the retail property stock, has changed dramatically. In the late 1990s, Central Europe experienced a retail development boom driven by international hypermarket operators and speculative developers. Shopping centers and hypermarkets became important elements in the urban landscape. However, lack of planning and vision led to chaotic development, and over- supply was the outcome. In the future, public and private actors will need a vision of how the city should develop before embarking on flagship urban projects. Keywords Retail Æ Property markets Æ Central Europe Æ Shopping centers Æ Hypermarkets Author is member of European Research Group ICSC International Council Shopping Centers. H. J. Kok (&) Multi Development, Hanzeweg 16, P.O. Box 875, 2800 AW Gouda, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] www: www.multi-development.com 123 108 H.
    [Show full text]
  • Czech Republic 2018
    CCG Czech Republic 2018 Table of Contents Doing Business in the Czech Republic ____________________________________ 5 Market Overview _____________________________________________________________ 5 Market Challenges ___________________________________________________________ 7 Market Opportunities _________________________________________________________ 8 Market Entry Strategy _________________________________________________________ 9 Political Environment _________________________________________________ 10 Selling US Products & Services _________________________________________ 11 Using an Agent to Sell US Products and Services ________________________________ 11 Establishing an Office _______________________________________________________ 11 Franchising ________________________________________________________________ 12 Direct Marketing ____________________________________________________________ 12 Joint Ventures/Licensing _____________________________________________________ 13 Selling to the Government ____________________________________________________ 13 Distribution & Sales Channels _________________________________________________ 15 Express Delivery ____________________________________________________________ 15 Selling Factors & Techniques _________________________________________________ 15 eCommerce ________________________________________________________________ 16 Trade Promotion & Advertising ________________________________________________ 18 Pricing ____________________________________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Baumax Case Study Final.Ai
    CASE STUDY Retail Case Study bauMax DIY Main Achievements Snapshot Significantly reduced energy consumption Implemented full control solution for additional savings Reduced lamp power while maintaining light quality Background 40% bauMax AG is one of the leading and fastest growing DIY chains in the Energy Savings Central Eastern European region. Operates some 130 stores in Austria and Central Eastern Europe Lamp Power 10,000 Employees Reduced from 400W to 280W Four main divisions: construction, tools, home, garden Nearly 10,500,000 square feet of selling space Maintenance Costs Several years ago, bauMax began implementing a major energy savings campaign Reduced by 50% and committed to reducing its global carbon footprint. Lumen Maintenance Unchanged after 20,000 hours of Original Situation operation Lighting constituted over 50% of bauMax’s energy expenses Annual CO2 Saved bauMax required a solution that would give it 100% flexibility in 6,833 tons terms of illumination levels across the floor areas of each store (control and dimming) Simple Payback Period 2.5 years The Solution Total Annual Savings bauMax considered several High Intensity Discharge (HID) energy saving alternatives, including fluorescent, during its decision-making process. The light €1,670,000 quality, energy savings and control and dimming capabilities provided by Metrolight's system were the main catalysts for bauMAX chosing it for their stores. www.metrolight.com © 2012 Metrolight Inc. All rights reserved. CASE STUDY The Result Achieved 40% energy savings First phase
    [Show full text]