Volume 9, Number 10, October 2003 New Fellowship in at

A new Fellowship for the Study of Objectivism has been established at one of America’s most influential seats of learning, the University of Pittsburgh. The beneficiary of the fellowship is Dr. , who has been appointed a Visiting Professor in the Department of History and of . He has also joined the faculty in the Graduate Program in , Philosophy and Ancient Science. The three-year fellowship was established with the financial support of the Anthem Founda- tion for Objectivist Scholarship and the generous support of a number of ARI donors. The fellow- ship is renewable after the three-year term. Dr. Gotthelf, a widely respected scholar of and , recently retired from The College of New Jersey, where for many years he chaired the philosophy department and coordi- nated the interdisciplinary classical studies program. (Upon his retirement the college created the Allan Gotthelf Prize in Classical Studies.) Under the fellowship, he will teach courses that include substantial coverage of Objectivist and metaphysics, and will write for publication in academic journals essays on the Objectivist theory of concepts and objectivity. He will organize occasional workshops on Objec- tivism for students and professors at Pittsburgh and elsewhere. Also, he will write on Aristotle and will contribute in various ways to the univer- sity’s interdisciplinary graduate program in . Dr. Gotthelf said: “The Anthem Foundation Current beneficiaries of the Anthem Foundation fellowships. Top: Dr. Gotthelf entering his new office at the University of Pittsburgh. and its donors have created an exciting opportu- Bottom, left to right: Dr. John Lewis, Dr. Amy Peikoff, Dr. and Dr. C. Bradley Thompson nity for me to bring the study of the Objectivist 2002: As visiting faculty members in the philos- John P. McCaskey, president of the Anthem epistemology to a major university. I’ve been ophy department, Dr. and Dr. Foundation, said that academic interest in very well received so far by students, faculty and Darryl Wright taught undergraduate and gradu- Objectivism is growing. “Many university administrators, and look forward eagerly to my ate courses. professors would like to bring Ayn Rand’s ideas work under the Fellowship.” 2002: A scholarly gathering was held for profes- into their schools but do not have the resources In a national survey of philosophy profes- sors and graduate students. or qualifications to do so. Anthem fellowships sors, the philosophy program at the University of 2003: Dr. Allan Gotthelf was a Visiting Professor help solve that problem. And the fellowships Pittsburgh is ranked fifth, a ranking higher than in the philosophy department. serve another, larger role: they help the next that of MIT and Harvard. 2003–04: Dr. Amy Peikoff, an instructor at ARI’s generation of professors get high-quality training ARI executive director said: Objectivist Academic Center, is a visiting instruc- in Ayn Rand’s ideas. Eventually these new “With the addition of Dr. Gotthelf’s appointment tor in the philosophy department at the university. professors will be in classrooms across America, at Pittsburgh, there are now three university and all interested students will have a chance to fellowships for the study of Ayn Rand’s ideas. At Ashland University in Ohio learn about Objectivism.” Just a few years ago, there were none. That’s 2002: The beneficiaries of the new fellowship are what I consider a significant step forward for Dr. C. Bradley Thompson and Dr. John Lewis, Objectivism.” The Anthem Foundation has both professors in the Department of History and helped to establish fellowships at the University Political Science. Dr. Lewis was the subject of an Inside this Issue interview in the August 2002 issue of Impact. of Texas at Austin and Ashland University in ! The New Intellectuals: Q & A With The second part of the interview with Dr. Ohio. Since these fellowships were established, Dr. C. Bradley Thompson (Part II) page 2 they have blossomed. Thompson appears in the current issue. The fellowship has enabled both professors to reduce ! Discovering Ayn Rand’s Philosophy: At the University of Texas at Austin their heavy teaching load and devote more time On the Culture and the Intellectuals page 2 2001: Under the newly established fellowship, to writing books and articles. ! Classes Begin at OAC page 3 Dr. Tara Smith, an assistant professor of philos- 2003: Dr. Lewis arranged a weekend scholarly ! Guest Commentary page 3 ophy at the university, was able to reduce the conference on American business and ethics in number of courses she taught, in order to work the marketplace. Among the speakers at that event ! New From the Ayn Rand Bookstore page 4 on her writing projects. were Dr. Edwin A. Locke and Dr. . ! Message to ARI Bequest Donors page 4 Binswanger Lectures at Scholarly Conference

Dr. Harry Binswanger, a member of ARI’s board of directors, delivered a paper, “Consciousness— An Objectivist Approach,” at the Third Annual Symposium on the Foundations of the Behav- ioral . The conference took place July 18–20 in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, under the sponsorship of the American Institute for commander-in-chief is the . The Economic Research. On the Culture and intellectual carries the application of philosophi- Among the invited speakers at the confer- the Intellectuals cal principles to every field of human endeavor. ence were several prominent contemporary He sets a society’s course by transmitting ideas , scholars of jurisprudence, two Each month Impact suggests readings for fans of from the ‘ivory tower’ of the philosopher to the Nobel-prize-winning economists and a Nobel- Ayn Rand’s fiction who wish to learn more about university professor—to the writer—to the prize-winning neuroscientist. Dr. Binswanger her philosophy, Objectivism. artist—to the newspaperman—to the politi- presented a 20-minute summary of his paper, cian—to the movie maker—to the nightclub which is drawn from his book-in-progress held that “history is not an unintelli- singer—to the man in the street.” consciousness. During the question period, he gible chaos ruled by chance and whim— It is philosophic ideas, espoused and elaborated on this topic and contrasted the basic historical trends can be predicted, and transmitted by intellectuals, that ultimately set philosophy of Ayn Rand with that of philoso- changed—men are not helpless, blind, doomed the direction of a culture. Objectivism holds pher John Dewey. (The title of this year’s creatures carried to destruction by incompre- that philosophy is the motor of history. That is conference was “Dewey, Hayek and Embodied hensible forces beyond their control.” On her why ARI invests in the training and develop- Cognition: Experience, Beliefs and Rules.”) view, to understand today’s culture—and to ment of future Objectivist intellectuals, who Dr. Binswanger, who is on the faculty of change its direction—one must understand can go on to careers as advocates for reason, ARI’s Objectivist Academic Center, was a what influences the course of history. egoism and . Visiting Professor at the University of Texas at Ayn Rand wrote: “Just as man’s actions are Here are some readings on this topic. The Austin in 2002. The visiting appointment was preceded and determined by some form of idea title essay in Ayn Rand’s book For the New made possible thanks to the Anthem Foundation in his mind, so a society’s existential condi- Intellectual discusses the role of philosophy in a Fellowship for the Study of Objectivism at the tions are preceded and determined by the culture and in understanding history. In “Faith University of Texas. ascendancy of a certain philosophy among those whose job it is to deal with ideas. The and Force: The Destroyers of the Modern events of any given period of history are the World” (published in Philosophy: Who Needs *** result of the thinking of the preceding period. It), Ayn Rand looks at the development of In the Media: Briefly Noted The nineteenth century—with its political Western civilization and observes how reason freedom, science, industry, business, trade, all and political freedom are corollaries, noting that On Labor Day, September 1, Dr. Harry Binswanger the necessary conditions of material “when men are rational, freedom wins; when was interviewed by Wisconsin Public Radio, an progress—was the result and the last achieve- men are free, reason wins.” NPR affiliate. He discussed the meaning of Labor ment of the intellectual power released by the The theme of Dr. ’s book Day and argued that the source of productivity and Renaissance. The men engaged in those The Ominous Parallels demonstrates the role wealth was not physical labor, but man’s mind. In activities were still riding on the remnants of philosophy in history by explaining how late August the Institute rereleased an editorial by of an Aristotelian influence in philosophy, certain philosophical views—altruism and Fred Hamber, a writer for ARI, on the same particularly on an Aristotelian epistemology collectivism—made Nazi Germany possible. theme. That article was published in 15 newspapers (more implicitly than explicitly).” Dr. Peikoff returns to this issue in his taped and Web sites, including the Indianapolis Star, the Those whose job it is to deal with ideas are lecture “The Role of Philosophy and Psychol- Nashville Business Journal and the Bangkok Post. the professional intellectuals. It is the intellec- ogy in History” and in the epilogue of his book It reached a circulation of more than 500,000. tual who is the field agent “of the army whose Objectivism: The Philosophy of Ayn Rand.

The New Intellectuals: Q & A with a colleague, Dr. John Lewis, he is the fellow Objectivist as a colleague. This past year beneficiary of the Fellowship for the Study of we read Objectivism: The Philosophy of Ayn With Dr. C. Bradley Thompson Objectivism at Ashland University, established at Rand together and led a discussion group on (Part II) that school with the help of the Anthem Founda- with a group of students. tion for Objectivist Scholarship. Impact: I understand that the fellowship has Dr. C. Bradley Thompson is professor of Impact interviewed Dr. Thompson about his enabled you to hold scholarly gatherings, too. history and political science at Ashland career, his interest in Ayn Rand’s ideas and the CBT: Yes, the fellowship also allowed us to University, in Ohio, fellowship at Ashland University. This is the work with the College of Business at Ashland where he was depart- second and final part of the interview. to bring Ed Locke to campus to deliver the ment chairman from * * * university’s prestigious Cockroft Lecture on the 1996 to 2002. He Impact: Can you tell me about the Anthem free enterprise system. We also cosponsored a received his Ph.D. in Foundation Fellowship for the Study of Objec- one-day miniconference on “Private Property history from Brown tivism that was established at Ashland Univer- and the Origins of Capitalism.” We brought in University and has sity? What is its mission? John Ridpath, Adam Mossoff and an Objec- been a Visiting C. Bradley Thompson: Generally speaking, tivist graduate student, Patrick Mullins, to Fellow at Harvard the purpose of the fellowship is to provide deliver a series of lectures. University, a John support for Objectivist scholars to apply the Impact: I’d like to turn to your intellectual Adams Fellow at the principles of Objectivism to their various development. What is it that first attracted you University of London academic disciplines. to history? and the Merrill Endowment Distinguished The Anthem Fellowship has been a great CBT: When I was seven years old I read “The Visiting Professor at Utah State University. benefit to John Lewis and myself. We’re mostly How and Why Wonder Book of the American He is the author of John Adams and the Spirit using it to reduce our teaching load so that we Revolution.” From that moment, I became of Liberty, which won the American Political can work on our various book projects. The interested in history and I fell in love with the Science Association prize for best first book in fellowship allowed me to take a leave of absence . (I was born and raised in .) political theory. He is the editor of The Revolution- this past fall semester to finish a book on Anti- Impact: You received an M.A. from Boston ary Writings of John Adams, a coeditor of the slavery Political Writings, 1833–1860, and to College and a Ph.D. from Brown; in what areas Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment, editor of immerse myself in reading Objectivism: The did you specialize? Antislavery Political Writings, 1833–1860, and he Philosophy of Ayn Rand. John will use the CBT: I worked in intellectual history and is at work on a book comparing the American and fellowship next year to complete his book on political philosophy. French revolutions. Homeland Security. Impact: You have written that at Boston College Dr. Thompson has lectured widely on Ameri- Impact: What is it like having Dr. John Lewis— and at Brown you were surrounded by numerous can history; his lectures on the political thought who is not only a historian but also shares your people who viewed “America like a cancer” on of John Adams have twice appeared on CSPAN. philosophical views—as a colleague? the world. What was it like studying in that He has published in professional journals and is CBT: Having John as a colleague is the best environment, given your profound respect for also an occasional writer for the Times Literary thing that has happened to me during my 11 this country and the great men who founded it? Supplement of London. As a senior writer for the years at Ashland. I finally have someone to talk CBT: It was simply horrible—a nightmare. It , Dr. Thompson has written a to about the things that I care most about and was like living in an insane asylum. During my number of editorials on such topics as the who shares my sense of life. Never in my life years in graduate school, I lived by three rules intellectual decay of American education. Along did I imagine that someday I would have a continued on page 4 2 Supporting the New Intellectuals Guest Commentary By John P. McCaskey ARI has long invested considerable financial resources in educating and supporting future We did it! We raised enough pledges to create the Objectivist scholars. Our budget for such pro- Fellowship for the Study of Objectivism at the grams has more than quadrupled in the last few University of Pittsburgh. Dr. Allan Gotthelf has years: we now spend approximately $250,000 moved in to his new office at the university and annually on the Objectivist Academic Center and has set to work. I want to thank all the ARI on a range of grants and scholarships. Here are donors who contributed, and pledged their some recent highlights of our efforts to cultivate ongoing annual support. the new intellectuals. Academic interest in Ayn Rand is growing. That interest is not yet strong enough that Workshop on Teaching universities will allocate their own money to At the Institute’s headquarters in July we held a Objectivist activities, but they are willing to workshop on the art of teaching for a small support the work if we can help with the funding group of aspiring intellectuals. and provide qualified scholars. Each of the six participants taught one class It is now clear that when an opportunity like on a topic that he knew well, and was evaluated the one at Pittsburgh arises, we can pull together by an experienced Objectivist intellectual. In and raise the needed money. We now have a new school or college student, apply. If you are a evaluating the quality of the teaching, the problem—a shortage of well-trained, highly donor, please support the center generously. commentators were asked to consider such qualified scholars. A thriving OAC will make future pro- issues as the logical organization of the mater- So let me make a pitch—both to students and grams like those at Pittsburgh, Texas and ial and the teacher’s ability to motivate the donors—for the Ayn Rand Institute’s Objectivist Ashland possible. students. The audience consisted of students Academic Center (OAC). Right now, the center * * * and Objectivist professors, some of whom is the only place where students can receive Mr. McCaskey is president of the Anthem served as commentators. comprehensive training in all of Ayn Rand’s Foundation for Objectivist Scholarship, a On the first evening of the two-day work- philosophy. Not even the schools with Anthem nonprofit organization separate from ARI, shop there was a roundtable discussion on fellowships can yet match it. but sharing the Institute’s goal of promoting scholarly writing and on how to advance one’s To continue our success in getting Objec- Objectivism. The Foundation makes grants career in academia. tivism into American universities, we need the exclusively to universities for teaching, continued on page 4 OAC to continue growing. If you are a high writing and research on Ayn Rand’s ideas.

Classes Begin at OAC methodological principles betrayed in the paper. thorough introduction to the field’s content.” In ARI’s online course based on these semi- (This course is based on the physics course Last month 27 applicants were accepted into the nars, students read and critique 26 of the original taught by David Harriman at the VanDamme undergraduate program of the Objectivist papers, then listen to Dr. Peikoff’s analysis of Academy, from which it is licensed.) Academic Center. Most of the incoming stu- those papers, and finally write a short essay Dr. Lockitch will also be a teaching assis- dents are also undergraduates at such institu- identifying what they learned from his comments. tant in the undergraduate course “Introduction to tions as University, the University of In addition to the seminars by Dr. Peikoff, Writing,” which is taught by Robert Tracinski. , the University of Texas and Stanford. we are offering two other graduate courses. Dr. Lockitch earned his Ph.D. in physics A few are graduate students. Dr. Harry Binswanger is teaching a year- from the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. During this academic long graduate course titled “Metaphysics and Prior to joining ARI he was a postdoctoral year we will be deploying Epistemology.” The course is “an integrative researcher at the University of Illinois and at the third year of the treatment of the major Objectivist tenets in Pennsylvania State University. Outside of his OAC’s four-year under- metaphysics and epistemology, organized employment with ARI, he continues to work graduate curriculum. around the primacy of existence and the concept as the assistant editor of The Intellectual The focus of the year is of objectivity. Epistemology will receive the Activist magazine. on how to make Objec- lion’s share of the time, and after about two or tivism one’s guide in three weeks on metaphysics, the class will move thought and in action. through the later topics in essentially the same Using online recordings, order as presented in Objectivism: The Philoso- New Editors for Op-Ed Program third-year students will phy of Ayn Rand, which will be the textbook for listen to lectures from Dr. , resident the course.” fellow and OAC instructor, is Two alumni of the Objectivist Academic Dr. Leonard Peikoff’s an alumnus of ARI’s The other graduate course, offered for the Center, Dr. Keith Lockitch and , courses “Understanding advanced training program first time, is “The History of Physics” by Dr. have been appointed junior editors of the Objectivism” and “Unity in philosophy. Keith Lockitch, who joins ARI’s staff as a junior Institute’s op-ed program. in Epistemology and in fellow. Intended for students in philosophy and Dr. Lockitch, who first started taking Ethics.” (See table below.) cognate fields, the course presents “the history of courses at ARI in 1998, has a background in The cornerstone of our graduate curriculum, physical science from its birth in Ancient Greece physics and works as a which is still being developed, is an online to its culmination in the 19th century. It will writer and editor for The course based on advanced philosophy seminars focus on the steps that scientists took in discover- Intellectual Activist that Dr. Peikoff taught between 1994 and 1996. ing the basic laws of physics—the laws of magazine. In September During these “confusion paper” seminars, Dr. motion and gravitation, electricity and magnetism he joined our staff as a Peikoff would analyze a paper in which a and the atomic theory of matter. By presenting junior fellow and will be student had formulated some point that the these steps in essentialized detail, the course will teaching at the OAC. student was confused about. Invariably, Dr. provide students with concrete examples of the (See story at left.) Peikoff would identify and discuss the wider inductive methodology of physics, as well as a Mr. Journo enrolled in ARI’s courses in 1996 while earning a B.A. in philosophy at King’s College, London. He joined ARI in 1999 as an associate producer of the Leonard Peikoff Radio Show. For the last few years he has been a researcher, writer and editor for the Institute. Top: Dr. Keith Lockitch; In addition to their Elan Journo Reproduced here is the schedule of classes for the 2003–04 academic year. OAC courses are taught responsibilities as editors, via a conference-call system; regardless of where students live, they can participate by telephone. both Dr. Lockitch and Mr. Journo will write “Introduction to Writing,” by Robert Tracinski, and “Introduction to Philosophy,” by Dr. Onkar Ghate, editorials for the Institute. are first-year undergraduate courses. “UPAR” is shorthand for “Undergraduate Seminar on Objectivism: The Institute began a formal program of The Philosophy of Ayn Rand,” a second-year course by Dr. Ghate. issuing editorials in 1997. Last year our op-eds The following courses are taught using online audio recordings: “Understanding Objectivism,” were published more than 600 times, reaching a “Advanced Topics in Ethics and Epistemology,” “History of Philosophy” and “Confusion Papers I and II.” circulation of 18 million. 3 Q & A with Dr. C. Bradley Thompson Supporting the New Intellectuals Message to ARI continued from page 2 continued from page 3 Bequest Donors that helped me to traverse the land mines: Dr. Yaron Brook, ARI executive director (1) always be polite, (2) never compromise and and a former finance professor, was one of the In January, we will publish a special Atlantis (3) always work harder than anyone else. My commentators at the workshop. He described Legacy insert in Impact which will enumerate professors didn’t like my political views—and the event as a success. the donors who are providing for the future of believe me, they worked hard to change “One of the benefits of such workshops,” he Objectivism by including the Institute in their them—but they were decent enough to respect said, “is that students get immediate, personal- estate plans. If you have named ARI for a my . ized and objective feedback on their teaching. bequest in your will, and/or if you have desig- Impact: At what point did you first encounter Teaching as a skill is crucial, in part because it nated ARI as a beneficiary Ayn Rand’s writings? How did that occur? is an excellent means of mastering one’s mater- of an insurance policy, CBT: It was at the very end of high school and ial. But it is widely undervalued in graduate retirement plan or other in my first year of university. A friend had just programs. I expect that we’ll continue to run financial account, you read The Fountainhead and he highly recom- these workshops. They’re a focused and effec- qualify for the Atlantis mended that I read it. I could see that it had tive way of training the new intellectuals.” Legacy, ARI’s planned made a profound difference in his life, and so I giving program, and for wanted to see what kind of a book could so Financial Support inclusion on the list. However, we request your radically change someone’s life. To alumni of ARI’s training programs we make permission in writing to publish your name. Impact: What was your reaction to her writings? available an extensive range of scholarships. For The list will include names only—no gift types CBT: It was immediate and life altering. I read example, there are minor awards to help defray or amounts. If you have not sent in your The Fountainhead first, and that was the the cost of submitting articles to and attending Atlantis Legacy response card granting permis- moment when everything in my life changed. professional conferences. We offer dissertation sion, we encourage you to do so. The confiden- Roark represented everything that I thought I grants to those completing a Ph.D., and for those tial response card was included in the back of was or should be. What struck me most about more advanced in their careers, we make avail- the Atlantis Legacy mailing you received earlier , which I read some months later, able grants for writing articles and books on or this year. If you would like another response was that the events and characters that Ayn Rand applying Ayn Rand’s philosophy of Objectivism. card mailed to you, or if you have any ques- was describing matched reality exactly and, most Even before a student enters graduate school tions about planned giving and the Atlantis important, that the philosophy was true. or embarks on a multi-year book project, ARI Legacy, please contact Gift & Estate Planning Impact: When you first read about Ayn Rand’s makes available to students a number of working Manager Kathy Cross at 310-876-1633 or view of philosophy as the motor of history, had scholarships to attend the Objectivist summer [email protected]. you already developed your own view of what conference. These scholarships afford students shapes history? room and board, and tuition for lectures, in return * * * CBT: I think that I had a very strong sense from for helping with minor tasks during the event. early on that what drives history is competing Below is a list of some of the students who Impact is published monthly by the Ayn Rand® Institute (ARI) and is complimentary to current donors who contribute $35 or more per ideas of justice. I suppose I got that idea from received working scholarships to the conference year. For information on how you can support ARI and to learn reading that first book on the American Revolu- held in July. about our projects, please visit our Web site: www.aynrand.org. tion when I was seven. As a teenager, I was Editor: Elan Journo Copy Editor: Donna Montrezza very interested in politics and, more particularly, Matt Bateman, undergraduate majoring in philoso- Editorial Advisors: Dr. Yaron Brook, Mark Chapman, Anu Seppala in the ideas that defined and separated various phy, Sarah Lawrence College Designer: Simon Federman Printing: David Antonacci candidates or parties. But it certainly wasn’t Christian Beenfeldt, graduate student in philosophy, Headquarters: 2121 Alton Parkway, Suite 250 until after I’d read Atlas Shrugged that I was University of Copenhagen Irvine, CA 92606-4926 Phone: 949-222-6550 Fax: 949-222-6558 able to identify philosophy per se as the motor Corinne Bloch, graduate student, Hebrew University © The Ayn Rand Institute 2003. All rights reserved. Not to be of history. of , reproduced without permission. Impact: How has Objectivism influenced your Gena Gorlin, high school senior, Indiana life and career interests? Ray Girn, undergraduate majoring in psychology and CBT: My career choice is related directly to philosophy, Objectivism. After reading Miss Rand’s fiction Rebecca Knapp, undergraduate majoring in classics, and nonfiction as a young man, I realized that we live in an age defined by a war of ideas. The Eric Lanser, undergraduate majoring in history and principal battleground is the university, and she philosophy, Lawrence University inspired me to enlist as a foot soldier in that war. Andrew Lui, recent graduate, McGill University Impact: How did you enjoy teaching at the Narciso Rosario, MBA student, University of 2002 West Coast Objectivist Conference. What Rochester was your lecture on? Dina Schein, Ph.D., philosophy instructor, Auburn CBT: What a thrill! In many ways it was the University highlight of my academic career. I delivered two Daniel Schwartz, undergraduate, St. John’s College, general lectures on John Adams as America’s Maryland greatest founding father. As some people know, it David Veksler, graduate student in information was my Objectivist “coming out party.” It was systems, Texas A&M University the first time that I’d ever been to a conference in Andrew Vidrine, undergraduate majoring in any capacity, and to deliver two general lectures philosophy, University of Utah was quite intimidating, particularly given the fact Jessica Wilson, undergraduate, that I was lecturing on the same days as one of * my intellectual heroes—Leonard Peikoff. Patrick Mullins, graduate student in history at the Impact: Looking to the future, what are some University of Kentucky, was awarded a confer- projects that you would you like to work on? ence scholarship. CBT: Over the course of the next few years, I hope to lecture at the ARI conferences on education, the Abolitionist movement in New From the Ayn Rand Bookstore American history and on the American and French Revolutions. After I’ve finished my The Enemies of Christo- book on the two revolutions, I have plans to pher Columbus provides write a “moral biography” of John Adams, a lucid responses to the book on progressive education in America, and “politically correct” prim- one that I’m going to entitle Liberalism Old itivists who condemn and New, which will be an intellectual history Columbus for having of the rise, decline and rebirth of the natural brought civilization to the rights philosophy in American history. Western hemisphere. Impact: Given your busy schedule of teaching, Written by Thomas A. lecturing, writing and attending professional Bowden, a writer for ARI, conferences, what do you like to do for relaxation? this book is now avail- CBT: Most important, I like to spend quiet time able from the Ayn Rand with my wife and three children. I try to run Bookstore. Hardcover, every day, and my favorite nonintellectual 133 pages; $29.95. hobby is high-mountain hiking. *** Contact the bookstore: www.aynrandbookstore.com; 1-800-729-6149 4