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Journal of Parapsychology J OURNAL OF P ARA P SYCHOLOGY R HINE R ESEA R CH C ENTE R Volume 78, Number 2 Fall 2014 ISSN 0022-3387 EDITORIAL STAFF John A. Palmer, Editor David Roberts, Managing Editor Donald S. Burdick, Statistical Editor Robert Gebelein, Business Manager The Journal of Parapsychology is published twice a year, in Spring and Fall, by Parapsychology Press, a subsidiary of The Rhine Center, 2741 Campus Walk Ave., Building 500, Durham, NC 27705. The Journal is devoted mainly to original reports of experimental research in parapsychology. It also publishes research reviews, methodological, theoretical, and historical papers of relevance to psi research, abstracts, and selected invited addresses from Parapsychological Association conventions, book reviews, and letters. An electronic version of the Journal is available to all subscribers on the Rhine Research Center’s website (www.rhine.org.) The current subscription rates are: Individuals ($65.00), institutions ($77.00), with no other categories available. Members of the Rhine Research Center in the Scientific Supporter category receive the electronic journal free with their membership. The current subscription rates for paper copies of the Journal are: Individuals ($100.00), institutions ($118.00). Foreign subscribers must pay in U.S. dollars. Selected single issues (current or archival) are available at $35.00 each; go to www.rhine.org for more information. Orders for subscrip- tions or back issues, correspondence, and changes of address should be sent to: Journal of Parapsychology, 2741 Campus Walk Ave., Building 500, Durham, NC 27705. Subscriptions may also be ordered online at www.rhine.org. Postmaster: Send address changes to the Journal of Parapsychology, 2741 Campus Walk Ave., Building 500, Durham, NC 27705. Subscribers: Send change of address notice 30 days prior to the actual change of address. The Journal will not replace undelivered copies resulting from address changes; copies will be forwarded only if subscribers notify their local post office in writing that they will guarantee second-class forwarding postage. Copies of this publication are available in 16-mm microfilm, 35-mm microfilm, 105-mm microfiche, article copies, and on compact disc from ProQuest, 789 E. Eisenhower Pkwy., P. O. Box 1346, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346. Photocopies of individual articles may be obtained from The Genuine Article, ISI, 65 E. Wacker Place, Suite 400, Chicago, IL 60601. Some articles are also available through Info Trac OneFile and Lexscien. Copyright and permission. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Parapsychology Press, provided that the base fee is paid directly to Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Dr., Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The Journal is an affiliated publication of the Parapsychological Association. Copyright © 2014 by the Parapsychology Press ISSN 0022-3387 Volume 78 / Number 2 Fall 2014 PARAPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION Abstracts of Presented Papers From the Parapsychological Association 57th Annual Convention, Concord, California, USA, August 14–17, 2014 145 ARTICLES Bayesian and Classical Hypothesis Testing: Practical Differences for a Controversial Area of Research 170 J. E. Kennedy Discarnate Readings by Claimant Mediums: Assessing Phenom- enology and Accuracy Under Beyond Double-Blind Conditions 183 Adam J. Rock, Julie Beischel, Mark Boccuzzi, and Michael Biuso Natural Anomalous Cognition Targets: A Fuzzy Set Application 195 Edwin C. May, Lory Hawley, Vinay Chaganti, and Namita Ratra An Analysis of Exceptional Experiences Involving Telecommunication Technology 209 Callum E. Cooper Comparison of Outcomes With Nonintentional and Intentional Precognition Tasks 223 David Luke and Karolina Zychowicz The Relationship Between Local Geomagnetic Activity and Psychic Awareness 235 Serena M. Roney-Dougal, Adrian Ryan, and David Luke BOOK REVIEWS Advances in Parapsychological Research 9 Edited by Stanley Krippner, Adam Rock, Julie Beischel, Harris Friedman, and Cheryl Fracasso 255 Christine Simmonds-Moore Reimagining the Soul: Afterlife in the Age of Matter By Douglas Stokes 259 Chris Carter Crimes of Reason: On Mind, Nature, and the Paranormal By Stephen E. Braude 266 Hoyt Edge Cultivating Consciousness: An East-West Journey By K. Ramakrishna Rao et al. 269 Serena M. Roney-Dougal Correspondence (Kennedy; Dalkvist, Mossbridge, and Westerlund; Mörck; Watt) 273 Benefactors 278 Index 279 Postal Forms 286 Instructions for Authors 289 We would like to thank the following persons for their work in translating abstracts for this issue of the Journal: Etzel Cardeña, (Spanish), Renaud Evrard (French) and Eberhard Bauer (German). Journal of Parapsychology, 78(2), 145–169 ABSTRACTS OF PRESENTED PAPERS FROM THE PARAPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 57TH ANNUAL CONVENTION, CONCORD, CALIFORNIA, USA, AUGUST 14–17, 2014 Editor’s Note. Research briefs, workshops, and panels with no abstracts from individual contributors are excluded, as well as papers published in full in the Journal. Abstracts are edited slightly to conform to Journal style, and ref- erences and reference citations are omitted. INVESTIGATION OF TEMPORAL LOOPS AND RETROCAUSAL CONDITIONING VIA USAGE OF PRESTIMULUS ELECTROCORTICAL SIGNALS Stephen Leslie Baumgart It is possible to derive scenarios of retrocausal signaling using standard quantum mechanics. Though a technolog- ical realization has not yet been developed, there is extensive evidence of retrocausal communication from experi- ments utilizing human subjects. Retrocausal signaling brings with it the question of temporal loops, whose physical nature as well their influence on human behavior and perception of the world remains unclear. If, as experiments suggest, unconscious precognition, or presentiment, is a ubiquitous element of human experience, then the question arises as to whether presentiment can be learned. I hypothesize that a presentiment response can be conditioned in human subjects. I propose that an EEG brain-computer interface (BCI) provides opportunities to test retrocausal signaling and temporal loops. In an experiment reported by D. Radin et al., the prestimulus electrocortical activity of experi- enced meditators was found to differ significantly in response to light flashes and auditory tones. By mapping the light flash and auditory tone to a binary target and by evaluating recorded prestimulus EEG potentials in real-time, one should be able to predict the state of a future random target, allowing above-chance retrocausal communication. Moreover, one can trigger the target stimulus based on this prediction, either by triggering the stimulus ap- propriate to the potential (based on the post-stimulus potential) or its opposite. In my experimental setup, there are three possible operation modes, “prediction,” in which a random binary target is predicted, “feedback,” in which the stimulus with a poststimulus potential symmetric to the prestimulus potential is triggered, and “bilk,” in which the stimulus with a poststimulus potential antisymmetric to the prestimulus potential is triggered. A human participant can use the feedback of a BCI to train brain activity to exhibit certain patterns. I am now undertaking an experiment to test whether a retrocausal BCI in which a stimulus is triggered by the appro- priate symmetric prestimulus response (the “feedback” condition) can condition or affect the response patterns in anticipation to random stimuli (the “prediction” condition). The hit rates for predicting binary targets over runs of prediction mode trials are reported as the primary result. Runs of only prediction mode trials are used as the control. Runs which alternate feedback and prediction mode trials are used for the experimental condition to test whether exposure to feedback trials affects prediction mode trials. A pilot experiment showed a statistically significant enhancement of the prediction mode hit rate relative to the null hypothesis when prediction mode trials were alternated with feedback mode trials whereas the control runs were consistent with the null hypothesis. It is not yet clear whether this is a learned effect or a kind of reso- nance-like effect and whether the effect will be robust in future formal experimentation on multiple participants. During exploratory testing an intriguing possible effect was observed on running bilk mode trials on postdecline hit rates; again, more research is needed. Theoretical and Applied Neurocausality Laboratory Santa Barbara, CA, USA 146 The Journal of Parapsychology A SELF-STUDY OF THE ROLE OF MOOD ON OSTENSIBLE PK Cherylee M. Black & James C. Carpenter Positive mental states have traditionally been linked to more positive results in tests of PK. Unfortunately, sponta- neous PK occurrences do not always engender positive mental states. This long term self-study was used to chart the emotional journey as poltergeist phenomenon gave way to controlled attempts to elicit ostensible PK. Data from PANAS mood scores and documented attempts to produce ostensible PK in the form of a pin- wheel spinning inside a sealed jar (referred to as “canned PK” or CPK) were used to demonstrate the relationship between measures of emotion and successfully generating CPK. The first successful attempt to produce CPK did not occur until the fourth month of the study period. After that initial success, CPK became robust enough within
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