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Sir William Jardine, Bart SIR WILLIAM JARDINE, BART. “NARRATIVE HISTORY” AMOUNTS TO FABULATION, THE REAL STUFF BEING MERE CHRONOLOGY “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project Sir William Jardine HDT WHAT? INDEX SIR WILLIAM JARDINE SIR WILLIAM JARDINE 1800 February 23, Sunday: William Jardine was born at Edinburgh, Scotland. He would be educated at home to the age of 15. The active enforcement of the Rhode Island law against slavetrading by abolitionist customs collector William Ellery so infuriated new congressman John Brown, a slavetrader, that he had sponsored a federal bill to split off a customs district separate from Newport, to have its headquarters in Bristol. The Congress therefore on this day authorized a separate new customs house. The letter is predated by one month, and the obvious inferences that a historian can derive from this factoid are that this deal had gone down in secrecy, and that there were some concerned individuals who had not yet learned of it. This might not sound at all remarkable, but there is background information that makes it remarkable indeed, in connecting the establishment of this new federal customs house in Bristol with the continuation of the trans-Atlantic trade in new slaves. Here (within blue boxes, on following screens) is this background: TRIANGULAR TRADE HDT WHAT? INDEX SIR WILLIAM JARDINE SIR WILLIAM JARDINE 1789 July 31, Friday: The federal Congress created the United States Custom Service, as a new branch of the Treasury Department. 1790 June 14, Monday: The federal Congress created the Rhode Island custom districts of Providence and Newport. These two districts handled all ship traffic connecting with nine Rhode Island ports, in the Providence district, Providence and Pawtuxet, and, in the Newport district, Newport, North Kingstown, East Greenwich, Westerly, Bristol, Warren, and Barrington. READ EDWARD FIELD TEXT 1794 Friend Moses Brown and Friend Samuel Rodman presented to President George Washington and Vice-President John Adams a memorial in opposition to the international slave trade. The federal Congress passed an act prohibiting the trans-Atlantic trade. (When officials of the Newport customs district would begin to enforce this law in the subsidiary port of Bristol, this would interfere with the nefarious activities of Rhode Island slavetraders James DeWolf and Shearjashub Bourne. The slavetraders would lobby the government for the establishment of Bristol as a separate customs district and no longer subject to these out-of-control officials of the Newport customs district — who were actually daring to enforce this new law.) W.E. Burghardt Du Bois: Of the twenty years from 1787 to 1807 it can only be said that they were, on the whole, a period of disappointment so far as the suppression of the slave-trade was concerned. Fear, interest, and philanthropy united for a time in an effort which bade fair to suppress the trade; then the real weakness of the constitutional compromise appeared, and the interests of the few overcame the fears and the humanity of the many. The DeWolf Crest HDT WHAT? INDEX SIR WILLIAM JARDINE SIR WILLIAM JARDINE 1799 The Rhode Island brigantine Orange (or is this a typographic error in regard to a voyage in 1779?) brought a cargo of 120 new slaves from the coast of Africa. William Ellery seized the DeWolf schooner Lucy (Captain Charles Collins) for engaging in the slave trade and put it up for auction in Bristol. Local surveyor Samuel Bosworth was appointed to bid on the vessel on behalf of the government. After John Brown of Providence and several other slavers had attempted unsuccessfully to intimidate Bosworth, the DeWolfs simply hired thugs who, costumed as native Americans, kidnapped him and took him several miles up the bay while with a trifling bid the DeWolfs recovered their vessel. John Brown, as ever a strong defender of the absolute righteousness of the international slave trade, was elected to the US House of Representatives. He would sponsor legislation to create a separate Customs House in Bristol, in facilitation of the international slave trade that was still being conducted through that port by James DeWolf and Shearjashub Bourne. The DeWolf Crest Taking into account this history that lies hidden behind the Act of February 23, 1800, it is interesting what would happen next. Next, Jonathan Russell would be appointed as 1st US customs collector at the new Bristol, Rhode Island customs house, and Russell would continue to enforce the law against the international slave trade in the manner in which it had been being enforced while the Newport customs house was still running the show. Because of this, the DeWolf family would need to circulate a petition for his removal, and conduct a lobbying campaign in Washington DC. The result would be that in February 1804, President Thomas Jefferson would fire Jonathan Russell, replacing him with a more cooperative official, a brother-in-law of James DeWolf who had a major investment in the international slave trade. This man, Charles Collins, would serve as collector at the new Bristol customs house, and ignore the law at presidential behest and succor the international slave trade at presidential behest, until 1820: HDT WHAT? INDEX SIR WILLIAM JARDINE SIR WILLIAM JARDINE 1804 February: The first customs collector for Bristol, Rhode Island, Jonathan Russell, had been constantly interfering with the international slave trade in strict application and implementation of official US federal law and policy. The DeWolfs and the other slave trading families of Bristol therefore arranged with President Thomas Jefferson to have Russell replaced with a brother-in-law of theirs, Charles Collins, who was captain of one of that family’s negrero vessels — a man who could be counted on to not enforce the federal law against the importation of generations of fresh slaves from Africa into the United States of America. The DeWolf Crest W.E. Burghardt Du Bois: Of the twenty years from 1787 to 1807 it can only be said that they were, on the whole, a period of disappointment so far as the suppression of the slave-trade was concerned. Fear, interest, and philanthropy united for a time in an effort which bade fair to suppress the trade; then the real weakness of the constitutional compromise appeared, and the interests of the few overcame the fears and the humanity of the many. HDT WHAT? INDEX SIR WILLIAM JARDINE SIR WILLIAM JARDINE NOBODY COULD GUESS WHAT WOULD HAPPEN NEXT Sir William Jardine “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX SIR WILLIAM JARDINE SIR WILLIAM JARDINE 1815 Walter Scott’s GUY MANNERING. At the age of 15 William Jardine, who to this point had been educated at home in Edinburgh, was sent to York “to learn English.” He would be returning to Scotland and to the University of Edinburgh for his study of medicine and anatomy under Professor John Lizars, and would attend the geological lectures and excursions of Professor Jameson and the botanical lectures of Mr. James Scott. NO-ONE’S LIFE IS EVER NOT DRIVEN PRIMARILY BY HAPPENSTANCE “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project Sir William Jardine HDT WHAT? INDEX SIR WILLIAM JARDINE SIR WILLIAM JARDINE 1820 William Jardine got married with a sister of his anatomy teacher at the University of Edinburgh, Professor John Lizars (he would be pursuing his anatomical studies not only in bed but also at medical school in Paris). George Heriot depicted an unusually picturesque rock formation near Poitiers: LIFE IS LIVED FORWARD BUT UNDERSTOOD BACKWARD? — NO, THAT’S GIVING TOO MUCH TO THE HISTORIAN’S STORIES. LIFE ISN’T TO BE UNDERSTOOD EITHER FORWARD OR BACKWARD. “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project Sir William Jardine HDT WHAT? INDEX SIR WILLIAM JARDINE SIR WILLIAM JARDINE 1821 The father of William Jardine, Sir Alexander Jardine, was dying, and the son returned from medical school at Paris to Scotland to attend to the details of being 7th Baronet of Applegirth, Dumfriesshire, a large landed proprietor. During this year and the following one, Professor François Pierre Guillaume Guizot’s lectures on representative government would be appearing in two volumes as HISTOIRE DES ORIGINES DU GOUVERNERNENT REPRÉSENTATIF. Augustin Jean Fresnel of France presented the laws which would for the 1st time enable the intensity and polarization of reflected and refracted light to be calculated. HISTORY OF OPTICS Jean-Pierre Abel-Rèmusat’s “Sur la succession des 33 premiers patriarches de la religion de Bouddha” appeared in the Journal des Savantes. For the following decade, Professor Abel-Rèmusat and Humboldt would be producing LETTRES ÉDIFIANTES ET CURIEUSES SUR LA LANGUE CHINOISE. In Edinburgh, Transactions of the Phrenological Society. While on a visit to Paris, Dr. Charles Caldwell (1772-1853), a Philadelphia racist who had become a professor at a university in Kentucky, met the phrenologists Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828) and Johann Gaspar Spurzheim (1776-1823) and decided to combine their doctrine of brain differences between individuals with his own doctrine of racial differences to form a much needed doctrine of brain differences between races. HDT WHAT? INDEX SIR WILLIAM JARDINE SIR WILLIAM JARDINE “Scientists have power by virtue of the respect commanded by the discipline. We may therefore be sorely tempted to misuse that power in furthering a personal prejudice or social goal — why not provide that extra oomph by extending the umbrella of science over a personal preference in ethics or politics?” — Stephen Jay Gould BULLY FOR BRONTOSAURUS NY: Norton, 1991, page 429 HDT WHAT? INDEX SIR WILLIAM JARDINE SIR WILLIAM JARDINE By the end of the 1820s, Dr. Caldwell had examined enough native American skulls found in mounds, and had felt the heads of enough native Americans visiting the cities, to be comfortable that hasn’t going to hurt anybody, in announcing that when the wolf, the buffalo and the panther shall have been completely domesticated, like the dog, the cow, and the household cat, then, and not before, may we expect to see the full-blooded Indian civilized, like the white man.
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