DOCSLIB.ORG

Examining 8Th Grade Students Disciplinary Literacy of Science Material Chelsie P

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 2018 Examining 8th Grade Students Disciplinary Literacy of Science Material Chelsie P. Doughty Eastern Illinois University Recommended Citation Doughty, Chelsie P., "Examining 8th Grade Students Disciplinary Literacy of Science Material" (2018). Masters Theses. 4549. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/4549 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TheGraduate School� f.A>mr.llwl'OS Unvwrrv- Thesis Maintenance and Reproduction Certificate FOR: Graduate Candidates Completing Theses in Partial Fulfillment of the Degree Graduate Faculty Advisors Directing the Theses RE: Preservation, Reproduction, and Distribution of Thesis Research Preserving, reproducing, and distributing thesis research is an important part of Booth Library's responsibility to provide access to scholarship. In order to further this goal, Booth Library makes all graduate theses completed as . part of a degree program at Eastern Illinois University available for personal study, research, and other not-for­ profit educational purposes. Under 17 U.S.C. § 108, the library may reproduce and distribute a copy without infringing on copyright; however, professional courtesy dictates that permission be requested from the author before doing so. Your signatures affirm the following: •The graduate candidate is the author of this thesis. •The graduate candidate retains the copyright and intellectual property rights associated with the original research, creative activity, and intellectual or artistic content of the thesis. •The graduate candidate certifies her/his compliance with federal copyright law (Title 17 of the U.S . Code) and her/his right to authorize reproduction and distribution of all copyrighted materials included in this thesis. •The graduate candidate in consultation with the faculty advisor grants Booth Library the nonexclusive, perpetual right to make copies of the thesis freely and publicly available without restriction, by means of any current or successive technology, including but not limited to photocopying, microfilm, digitization, or internet. •The graduate candidate acknowledges that by depositing her/his thesis with Booth Library, her/his work is available for viewing by the public and may be borrowed through the library's circulation and interlibrary loan departments, or accessed electronically. The graduate candidate acknowledges this policy by indicating in the following manner: ___Yes, I wish to make accessible this thesis for viewing by the public _J__No, I wish to quarantine the thesis temporarily and have included the Thesis Withholding Request Form •The graduate candidate waives the confidentiality provisions of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) (20 U.S. C. § 1232g; 34 CFR Part 99) with respect to the contents of the thesis and with respect to information concerning authorship of the thesis, including name and status as a student at Eastern Illinois University. I have conferred with my graduate faculty advisor. My signature below indicates that I have read and agree with the above statements, and hereby give my permission to allow Booth I ihr.:irv to rPn rmluce and ..l;�.,;h.. to m., thocic M" :1n\/ic<>r'c cion.:1t11rP indicates concurrence to reproduce1 thesis. uraouate 1..d11u1udte �11;;11d<u1" I jl """ 9---r!/ n Cb< JS\f. Dou:Jnt-o �lG� Printed Name Printed Namt::t -Z..?- if . \-l rtNlf'l - YV\St 0 (Jvm£.\Jl V1'\t\ n � Graduate Degree Program Date Please submit in duplicate. Examining 8th Grade Students Disciplinary Literacy of Science Material (TITLE) BY Chelsie P. Doughty THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Science in Education: Curriculum and Instruction IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL, EASTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY CHARLESTON, ILLINOIS 2018 YEAR I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THIS THESIS BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE GRADUATE DEGREE CITED ABOVE <i-Zr.t-rf DATE DEPARTMENT/SCHOOL CHAIR DATE flkt/�1r OR CHAIR'S DESIGNEE THESIS COMMITTEE MEMBER DATE THESIS COMMITTEE MEMBER DATE �-4-/rf �-27-1? DATE THESIS COMMITTEE MEMBER DATE Running head: DISCIPLINARY LITERACY IN SCIENCE 1 Examining Eighth Grade Students Disciplinary Literacy of Science Material Chelsie P. Doughty Eastern Illinois University DISCIPLINARY LITERACY IN SCIENCE 2 Abstract Education standards are shifting to reflect a skills-based, rather than a content-centered, curriculum that focuses on students being literate across all disciplines. This study focuses on the skills of critical thinking, close reading, and text-based writing as it applies to the scientific and historical disciplines. Eighth grade students engaged in a text-based writing assignment that required evaluation of multiple sources to support their claims. Student responses were analyzed textually and verbally as it related to the content. Findings included the ability to identify students' struggles and successes with close reading, writing claims, evaluating evidence for importance, and connecting documents to strengthen evidence. The findings can inform teachers' approaches as they related to the findings with some examples including problem based learning, interdisciplinary learning, career based learning, differentiation within the classroom, and disciplinary literacy within science. DISCIPLINARY LITERACY IN SCIENCE 3 Acknowledgements I would like to thank Dr. Bickford, Mrs. Reid, Dr. Taylor, and Dr. Whede for their expertise and guidance during this process. Thank you for pushing me to look deeper at my educational practices to help me grow as a teacher researcher. I would also like to thank my husband, Darin, and my daughter, Lyanna, who gave me flexibility, love, and support throughout this process. DISCIPLINARY LITERACY IN SCIENCE 4 Table of Contents Introduction ......... .................. ....................................................... ........... 5 Literature Review ...... ............................................................ ..................... 5 State and National Initiatives ....... ............... ...........................................6 Common Core State Standards .................... ..................................6 Next Generation Science Standards .................................................7 C3 Framework for Social Studies ............................ .......................8 Pedagogy ..................... ...... ........................................... ....................8 Disciplinary Literacy ...................................................... .....................9 Assessment. ...........................................................................15 Content ................................................................................. 18 Methods .. ....... .............................. ............................... ......................... ...22 Participants .....................................................................................22 Teaching Procedure ........................ ..................... .............................. 23 Assessment Procedure .................. ........................ ... .............. ............. 24 Findings .................. ................ .. .............................................................. 26 Discussion ......................................................................... ......................32 Refe rences ..... .. ...................... ........... .................................................. .....44 Appendix ........................... ........ ....................................... ...... .................52 DISCIPLINARY LITERACY JN SCIENCE 5 Examining 81h Grade Students Disciplinary Literacy of Science Material Currently, education standards are shifting from students understanding a broad scope of content to addressing specific skills that are interdisciplinary across content areas. Enhancing discipline specific understanding and literacy skills allow students to have access to authentic learning experiences that will prepare them for future careers or college. The outcomes that teachers desire for students have shifted as well. What do teachers want students to take away from their classrooms when they leave? Outcomes include, but are not limited to, the ability to ask and answer their own questions, critically think about and purposefully use the best available evidence when making decisions, and being informed, globally-thinking citizens who can think for themselves while considering the wants and needs of the world and its other residents. How as teachers can we accomplish such lofty aspirations? The creation of educational experiences in the classroom that focus on inquiry and allow students to make claims and back them up with evidence may provide the answer. Allowing students to interact with real world information from events that have occurred will allow us to see which information they feel is most or least important when using evidence to support their claims. This will also allow us to see what gaps occur in their understanding or if any misconceptions occur as a result of working with the information. The purpose of this study is to see if and how eighth grade students use close reading, collaborative discussion, and text-dependent writing strategies to construct a claim from
Recommended publications
  • Report Resumes

    Report Resumes

    REPORT RESUMES ED 019 218 88 SE 004 494 A RESOURCE BOOK OF AEROSPACE ACTIVITIES, K-6. LINCOLN PUBLIC SCHOOLS, NEBR. PUB DATE 67 EDRS PRICEMF.41.00 HC-S10.48 260P. DESCRIPTORS- *ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SCIENCE, *PHYSICAL SCIENCES, *TEACHING GUIDES, *SECONDARY SCHOOL SCIENCE, *SCIENCE ACTIVITIES, ASTRONOMY, BIOGRAPHIES, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, FILMS, FILMSTRIPS, FIELD TRIPS, SCIENCE HISTORY, VOCABULARY, THIS RESOURCE BOOK OF ACTIVITIES WAS WRITTEN FOR TEACHERS OF GRADES K-6, TO HELP THEM INTEGRATE AEROSPACE SCIENCE WITH THE REGULAR LEARNING EXPERIENCES OF THE CLASSROOM. SUGGESTIONS ARE MADE FOR INTRODUCING AEROSPACE CONCEPTS INTO THE VARIOUS SUBJECT FIELDS SUCH AS LANGUAGE ARTS, MATHEMATICS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SOCIAL STUDIES, AND OTHERS. SUBJECT CATEGORIES ARE (1) DEVELOPMENT OF FLIGHT, (2) PIONEERS OF THE AIR (BIOGRAPHY),(3) ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES AND SPACE PROBES,(4) MANNED SPACE FLIGHT,(5) THE VASTNESS OF SPACE, AND (6) FUTURE SPACE VENTURES. SUGGESTIONS ARE MADE THROUGHOUT FOR USING THE MATERIAL AND THEMES FOR DEVELOPING INTEREST IN THE REGULAR LEARNING EXPERIENCES BY INVOLVING STUDENTS IN AEROSPACE ACTIVITIES. INCLUDED ARE LISTS OF SOURCES OF INFORMATION SUCH AS (1) BOOKS,(2) PAMPHLETS, (3) FILMS,(4) FILMSTRIPS,(5) MAGAZINE ARTICLES,(6) CHARTS, AND (7) MODELS. GRADE LEVEL APPROPRIATENESS OF THESE MATERIALSIS INDICATED. (DH) 4:14.1,-) 1783 1490 ,r- 6e tt*.___.Vhf 1842 1869 LINCOLN PUBLICSCHOOLS A RESOURCEBOOK OF AEROSPACEACTIVITIES U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION K-6) THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. 1919 O O Vj A PROJECT FUNDED UNDER TITLE HIELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION ACT A RESOURCE BOOK OF AEROSPACE ACTIVITIES (K-6) The work presentedor reported herein was performed pursuant to a Grant from the U.
  • History of Ukrainian Statehood: ХХ- the Beginning of the ХХІ Century

    History of Ukrainian Statehood: ХХ- the Beginning of the ХХІ Century

    NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LIFE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE OF UKRAINE FACULTY OF THE HUMANITIES AND PEDAGOGY Department of History and Political Sciences N. KRAVCHENKO History of Ukrainian Statehood: ХХ- the beginning of the ХХІ century Textbook for students of English-speaking groups Kyiv 2017 UDК 93/94 (477) BBК: 63.3 (4 Укр) К 77 Recommended for publication by the Academic Council of the National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine (Protocol № 3, on October 25, 2017). Reviewers: Kostylyeva Svitlana Oleksandrivna, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of History of the National Technical University of Ukraine «Kyiv Polytechnic Institute»; Vyhovskyi Mykola Yuriiovych, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Faculty of Historical Education of the National Pedagogical Drahomanov University Вilan Serhii Oleksiiovych, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of History and Political Sciences of the National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine. Аristova Natalia Oleksandrivna, Doctor of Pedagogic Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of English Philology of the National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine. Author: PhD, Associate Professor Nataliia Borysivna Kravchenko К 77 Kravchenko N. B. History of Ukrainian Statehood: ХХ - the beginning of the ХХІ century. Textbook for students of English-speaking groups. / Kravchenko N. B. – Куiv: Еditing and Publishing Division NUBiP of Ukraine, 2017. – 412 р. ISBN 978-617-7396-79-5 The textbook-reference covers the historical development of Ukraine Statehood in the ХХ- at the beginning of the ХХІ century. The composition contains materials for lectures, seminars and self-study. It has general provisions, scientific and reference materials - personalities, chronology, terminology, documents and manual - set of tests, projects and recommended literature.
  • OUTER SPACE TREATY Tracing the Journey

    OUTER SPACE TREATY Tracing the Journey

    FIFTY YEARS OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY Tracing the Journey FIFTY YEARS OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY Tracing the Journey Editor Ajey Lele INSTITUTE FOR DEFENCE STUDIES & ANALYSES NEW DELHI PENTAGON PRESS Fifty Years of the Outer Space Treaty: Tracing the Journey Editor: Ajey Lele First Published in 2017 Copyright © Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi ISBN 978-81-8274-948-1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without first obtaining written permission of the copyright owner. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this book are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, or the Government of India. Published by PENTAGON PRESS 206, Peacock Lane, Shahpur Jat New Delhi-110049 Phones: 011-64706243, 26491568 Telefax: 011-26490600 email: [email protected] website: www.pentagonpress.in In association with Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses No. 1, Development Enclave, New Delhi-110010 Phone: +91-11-26717983 Website: www.idsa.in Printed at Avantika Printers Private Limited. Contents Foreword vii About the Contributors xi Introduction 1 SECTION I DEBATING OUTER SPACE TREATY 1. Evolution of the Outer Space Treaty 13 Ram S. Jakhu 2. Outer Space Treaty and International Relations Theory: For the Benefit of All Mankind 20 Joan Johson Freese 3. Outer Space Treaty: An Appraisal 24 G.S. Sachdeva 4. Relevance and Limitations of Outer Space Treaty in 21st Century 48 Ranjana Kaul 5.
  • Space Security Index

    Space Security Index

    SPACE SECURITY 2011 www.spacesecurity.org SPACE 2011SECURITY SPACESECURITY.ORG iii FOR PDF version use this Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publications Data Space Security 2011 ISBN : 978-1-895722-87-1 ISBN : 978-1-895722-87-1 © 2011 SPACESECURITY.ORG Edited by Cesar Jaramillo Design and layout: Creative Services, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Cover image: The International Space Station is featured in this photograph taken by an STS-130 crew member on space shuttle Endeavour after the station and shuttle began their post-undocking relative separation on 19 February 2010. Image credit: NASA. Printed in Canada Printer: Pandora Press, Kitchener, Ontario First published August 2011 Please direct inquires to: Cesar Jaramillo Project Ploughshares 57 Erb Street West Waterloo, Ontario N2L 6C2 Canada Telephone: 519-888-6541, ext. 708 Fax: 519-888-0018 Email: [email protected] Governance Group Gérard Brachet Institute de l’Air et de l’Espace Peter Hays Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies Dr. Ram Jakhu Institute of Air and Space Law, McGill University William Marshall NASA – Ames Research Center Paul Meyer The Simons Foundation John Siebert Project Ploughshares Dana Smith Foreign A airs and International Trade Canada Ray Williamson Secure World Foundation Advisory Board Richard DalBello Intelsat General Corporation Theresa Hitchens United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research Dr. John Logsdon The George Washington University Dr. Lucy Stojak HEC Montréal Project Manager Cesar Jaramillo Project Ploughshares Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1 Acronyms PAGE 7 Introduction PAGE 10 Acknowledgements PAGE 11 Executive Summary PAGE 27 Chapter 1 – The Space Environment: this indicator examines the security and sustainability of the space environment with an emphasis on space debris, the potential threats posed by near-Earth objects, and the allocation of scarce space resources.
  • Space Security Index 2013

    Space Security Index 2013

    SPACE SECURITY INDEX 2013 www.spacesecurity.org 10th Edition SPACE SECURITY INDEX 2013 SPACESECURITY.ORG iii Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publications Data Space Security Index 2013 ISBN: 978-1-927802-05-2 FOR PDF version use this © 2013 SPACESECURITY.ORG ISBN: 978-1-927802-05-2 Edited by Cesar Jaramillo Design and layout by Creative Services, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Cover image: Soyuz TMA-07M Spacecraft ISS034-E-010181 (21 Dec. 2012) As the International Space Station and Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft were making their relative approaches on Dec. 21, one of the Expedition 34 crew members on the orbital outpost captured this photo of the Soyuz. Credit: NASA. Printed in Canada Printer: Pandora Print Shop, Kitchener, Ontario First published October 2013 Please direct enquiries to: Cesar Jaramillo Project Ploughshares 57 Erb Street West Waterloo, Ontario N2L 6C2 Canada Telephone: 519-888-6541, ext. 7708 Fax: 519-888-0018 Email: [email protected] Governance Group Julie Crôteau Foreign Aairs and International Trade Canada Peter Hays Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies Ram Jakhu Institute of Air and Space Law, McGill University Ajey Lele Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses Paul Meyer The Simons Foundation John Siebert Project Ploughshares Ray Williamson Secure World Foundation Advisory Board Richard DalBello Intelsat General Corporation Theresa Hitchens United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research John Logsdon The George Washington University Lucy Stojak HEC Montréal Project Manager Cesar Jaramillo Project Ploughshares Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE PAGE 1 Acronyms and Abbreviations PAGE 5 Introduction PAGE 9 Acknowledgements PAGE 10 Executive Summary PAGE 23 Theme 1: Condition of the space environment: This theme examines the security and sustainability of the space environment, with an emphasis on space debris; the potential threats posed by near-Earth objects; the allocation of scarce space resources; and the ability to detect, track, identify, and catalog objects in outer space.
  • Red De Comunicaciones Satelitales

    Red De Comunicaciones Satelitales

    Red de Comunicaciones Satelitales. Luis Andreula. 1 INTRODUCCION. La presente investigación tiene como finalidad la comprensión y el estudio de la Red de Comunicaciones Satelitales, en el mismo estudiaremos la historia de los satélites artificiales, los tipos de satélites según la misión que cumplan y su tipo de orbita. Entendiendo por satélite como un repetidor radioeléctrico ubicado en el espacio, que recibe señales generadas en la tierra, las amplifica y las vuelve a enviar a la tierra, ya sea al mismo punto donde se origino la señal u otro punto distinto. La red satelital consiste de un transponder (dispositivo receptor transmisor), una estación basada en tierra que controlar su funcionamiento y una red de usuario, de las estaciones terrestres, que proporciona las facilidades para transmisión y recepción del tráfico de comunicaciones, a través del sistema de satélite. Posteriormente analizaremos a fondo los satélites orbitales y geoestacionarios, los patrones orbitales, las orbitas geosincronas, el ángulo de elevación y el azimut. Luego estudiaremos las clasificaciones orbitales, espaciamiento y asignaciones de frecuencia, los patrones de radiación y los modelos de enlace del sistema satelital. Para finalizar estudiaremos los parámetros del sistema satelital, el sistema de comunicación Globalstar, las agencias espaciales, la industria aeroespacial y los países con capacidad de lanzamiento de satélites. 2 RED DE COMUNICACIONES SATELITAL. 3 Historia de los Satélites. La primera representación ficticia conocida de un satélite artificial lanzado a una órbita alrededor de la Tierra aparece en un cuento de Edward Everett Hale, The Brick Moon („la luna de ladrillos‟). El cuento, publicado por entregas en Atlantic Monthly, se inició en 1869.
  • Satélite Artificial 1 Satélite De Comunicaciones 10

    Satélite Artificial 1 Satélite De Comunicaciones 10

    Contenidos Artículos Satélite artificial 1 Satélite de comunicaciones 10 Clasificación por sincronía 14 Órbita geosíncrona 14 Órbita geoestacionaria 15 Clasificación por centro 17 Órbita heliocéntrica 17 Órbita geocéntrica 17 Clasificación por altitud 19 Órbita baja terrestre 19 Órbita media terrestre 20 Referencias Fuentes y contribuyentes del artículo 21 Fuentes de imagen, Licencias y contribuyentes 22 Licencias de artículos Licencia 23 Satélite artificial 1 Satélite artificial Un satélite es cualquier objeto que orbita alrededor de otro, que se denomina principal. Los satélites artificiales son naves espaciales fabricadas en la Tierra y enviadas en un vehículo de lanzamiento, un tipo de cohete que envía una carga útil al espacio exterior. Los satélites artificiales pueden orbitar alrededor de lunas, cometas, asteroides, planetas, estrellas o incluso galaxias. Tras su vida útil, los satélites artificiales pueden quedar orbitando como basura espacial. Antecedentes históricos Satélite artificial Swift. La primera representación ficticia conocida de un satélite artificial lanzado a una órbita alrededor de la Tierra aparece en un cuento de Edward Everett Hale, The Brick Moony dirigido por Hugo Liscano (La luna de ladrillos). El cuento, publicado por entregas en Atlantic Monthly, se inició en 1869.[1] [2] El objeto del título se trataba de una ayuda para la navegación pero que por accidente fue lanzado con personas en su interior. La idea reaparece de nuevo en Los quinientos millones de la begún de Julio Verne de 1879. En este libro, sin embargo, se trata de un resultado inintencionado del villano al construir una pieza de artillería gigante para destruir a sus enemigos, comunicando al proyectil una velocidad superior a la pretendida.
  • XIV Congress

    XIV Congress

    Association of Space Explorers 14th Planetary Congress Brussels, Belgium 1998 Commemorative Poster Signature Key Loren Acton Toyohiro Akiyama Alexander Alexandrov (Bul.) STS 51F Soyuz TM-11 Soyuz TM-5 Oleg Atkov Toktar Aubakirov Yuri Baturin Soyuz T-10 Soyuz TM-13 Soyuz TM-28 Anatoli Berezovoi Karol Bobko Nikolai Budarin Soyuz T-5 STS 6, STS 51D, STS 51J STS 71, Soyuz TM-27 Valeri Bykovsky Kenneth Cameron Robert Cenker Vostok 5, Soyuz 22, Soyuz 31 STS 37, STS 56, STS 74 STS 61C Roger Crouch Samuel Durrance Reinhold Ewald STS 83, STS 94 STS 35, STS 67 Soyuz TM-25 John Fabian Mohammed Faris Bertalan Farkas STS 7, STS 51G Soyuz TM-3 Soyuz 36 Anatoli Filipchenko Dirk Frimout Owen Garriott Soyuz 7, Soyuz 16 STS 45 Skylab III, STS 9 Viktor Gorbatko Georgi Grechko Alexei Gubarev Soyuz 7, Soyuz 24, Soyuz 37 Soyuz 17, Soyuz 26 Soyuz 17, Soyuz 28 Soyuz T-14 Jugderdemidyn Gurragchaa Henry Hartsfield, Jr. Terence Henricks Soyuz 39 STS 4, STS 41D, STS 61A STS 44, STS 55, STS 70 STS 78 Miroslaw Hermaszewski Richard Hieb Millie Hughes-Fulford Soyuz 30 STS 39, STS 49, STS 65 STS 40 Alexander Ivanchenkov Georgi Ivanov Sigmund Jahn Soyuz 29, Soyuz T-6 Soyuz 33 Soyuz 31 Alexander Kaleri Valeri Korzun Valeri Kubasov Soyuz TM-14, Soyuz TM-26 Soyuz TM-24 Soyuz 6, Apollo-Soyuz Soyuz 36 Alexander Lazutkin Alexei Leonov Byron Lichtenberg Soyuz TM-25 Voskhod 2, Apollo-Soyuz STS 9, STS 45 Vladimir Lyakhov Oleg Makarov Musa Manarov Soyuz 32, Soyuz T-9 Soyuz 12, Soyuz 27, Soyuz T-3 Soyuz TM-4, Soyuz TM-11 Soyuz TM-6 Jon McBride Ulf Merbold Ernst Messerschmid STS 41G
  • Human-Machine Issues in the Soviet Space Program1

    Human-Machine Issues in the Soviet Space Program1

    CHAPTER 4 HUMAN-MACHINE ISSUES IN THE SOVIET SPACE PROGRAM1 Slava Gerovitch n December 1968, Lieutenant General Nikolai Kamanin, the Deputy Chief Iof the Air Force’s General Staff in charge of cosmonaut selection and training, wrote an article for the Red Star, the Soviet Armed Forces newspaper, about the forthcoming launch of Apollo 8. He entitled his article “Unjustified Risk” and said all the right things that Soviet propaganda norms prescribed in this case. But he also kept a private diary. In that diary, he confessed what he could not say in an open publication.“Why do the Americans attempt a circumlunar flight before we do?” he asked. Part of his private answer was that Soviet spacecraft designers “over-automated” their spacecraft and relegated the cosmonaut to the role of a monitor, if not a mere passenger. The attempts to create a fully automatic control system for the Soyuz spacecraft, he believed, critically delayed its development. “We have fallen behind the United States for two or three years,” he wrote in the diary.“We could have been first on the Moon.”2 Kamanin’scriticism wassharedbymanyinthe cosmonautcorps who describedthe Soviet approach to thedivisionoffunctionbetween humanand machineas“thedominationofautomata.”3 Yet among the spacecraft designers, 1. I wish to thank David Mindell, whose work on human-machine issues in the U.S. space program provided an important reference point for my own study of a parallel Soviet story. Many ideas for this paper emerged out of discussions with David in the course of our collaboration on a project on the history of the Apollo Guidance Computer between 2001 and 2003, and later during our work on a joint paper for the 2004 annual meeting of the Society for the History of Technology in Amsterdam.
  • Space Security 2010

    Space Security 2010

    SPACE SECURITY 2010 spacesecurity.org SPACE 2010SECURITY SPACESECURITY.ORG iii Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publications Data Space Security 2010 ISBN : 978-1-895722-78-9 © 2010 SPACESECURITY.ORG Edited by Cesar Jaramillo Design and layout: Creative Services, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Cover image: Artist rendition of the February 2009 satellite collision between Cosmos 2251 and Iridium 33. Artwork courtesy of Phil Smith. Printed in Canada Printer: Pandora Press, Kitchener, Ontario First published August 2010 Please direct inquires to: Cesar Jaramillo Project Ploughshares 57 Erb Street West Waterloo, Ontario N2L 6C2 Canada Telephone: 519-888-6541, ext. 708 Fax: 519-888-0018 Email: [email protected] iv Governance Group Cesar Jaramillo Managing Editor, Project Ploughshares Phillip Baines Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, Canada Dr. Ram Jakhu Institute of Air and Space Law, McGill University John Siebert Project Ploughshares Dr. Jennifer Simons The Simons Foundation Dr. Ray Williamson Secure World Foundation Advisory Board Hon. Philip E. Coyle III Center for Defense Information Richard DalBello Intelsat General Corporation Theresa Hitchens United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research Dr. John Logsdon The George Washington University (Prof. emeritus) Dr. Lucy Stojak HEC Montréal/International Space University v Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1 Acronyms PAGE 7 Introduction PAGE 11 Acknowledgements PAGE 13 Executive Summary PAGE 29 Chapter 1 – The Space Environment:
  • Management of the Soviet Space Program HONR 269I to the Moon and Back: the Apollo Program

    Management of the Soviet Space Program HONR 269I to the Moon and Back: the Apollo Program

    Management of the Soviet Space Program HONR 269i To the Moon and Back: The Apollo Program First Orbit Jules Verne Konstantin Tsiokovsky Hermann Oberth (1828-1905) (1857-1935) (1894-1989) (R7, N1, Vostok, Voskhod, Soyuz, LK) (Engines) (UR 500) Sergei Korolev Valentin Glushko Vladimir Chelomey Peenemünde Mittelwerk Learning Russian • (Minister of Defense) MO • (Military-Industrial Commission) VPK: Dmitry Ustinov • (Strategic Rocket Forces) RVSN: Mitrofan Nedelin • (State Committee for Defense Technology) GKOT • (Scientific Research Institute) NII-88 • Council of Chief Designers • (Experimental Design Bureau) OKB-1: Sergey Korolev • (Experimental Design Bureau) OKB-456: Valentin Glushko • (Experimental Design Bureau) OKB-52: Vladimir Chelomey • (Cosmonaut Training Center) TsPK: Yevgeny Karpov KOROLEV CHELOMEY GLUSHKO Vostok 1 Zenit-2 Series Reconissaince Satellites (Object OD-2) Timeline • Vostok 1: Yuri Gagaran, 2 hours (April 1961) • Vostok 2: Gherman Titov, 25 hours (August 1961) • Mercury-Atlas 6: John Glenn, 5 hours (February 1962) [+STS-95] • Mercury-Atlas 7: Scott Carpenter, 5 hours (May 1962) • Vostok 3: Andriyan Nikolayev, 94 hours (August 1962) • Vostok 4: Pavel Popovich, 71 hours (August 1962) [+Soyuz 14] • Mercury-Atlas 8: Wally Schirra, 9 hours (October, 1962) [+Gemini 6, Apollo 7] • Mercury-Atlas 9: Gordon Cooper, 34 hours (May, 1963) [+Gemini 5] • Vostok 5: Valery Bykovsky, 119 hours (June 1963) • Vostok 6: Valentina Tereshkova, 71 hours (June 1963) Discussion Groups • Chertok Volume 2 Chapter 9 (“Managers and Colleagues”) • An insider’s view of the time when OKB-1 split off from NII-88 • Siddiqi Chapter 6 (“Organizing for the Space Program”) • How the management structure above OBK-1 evolved • First Orbit video • The story of Vostok 1 • Siddiqi Chapter 9 (“Space Politics”) • The rise of Chelomey Apollo 9 Case Study Comments • Accuracy • Compliance with instructions • Single-spaced, length • Citations • Missing, bracketed superscript, author but no year • Grammar.
  • General Assembly -Twenty-Second Session - First Committee Achievements Marking New Advances in the Development of 11

    General Assembly -Twenty-Second Session - First Committee Achievements Marking New Advances in the Development of 11

    United Nations FIRST COMMITTEE, 1499th GENERAL MEETING ASSEMBLY Thursday, 19 October 1967, at 10.30a.m. TWENTY-SECOND SESSION Official Records NEW YORK CONTENTS apparatus landed on the planet's surface and delivered the second pennant bearing the national emblem of the Page Soviet Union. Agenda item 32: International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer "The apparatus measured the pressure, density, tem­ space: report of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of perature and chemical composition of the atmosphere of Outer Space (continued) Venus. General debate (continued) .................. "In the time during which scientific observations were Chairman: Mr. Ismail FAHMY made, the temperature of the atmosphere changed from 40 to 280 degrees centigrade, and the atmospheric (United Arab Republic). pressure from one to about fifteen atmospheres. The measurements showed that the atmosphere of Venus AGENDA ITEM 32 consists almost entirely of carbon dioxide, and the oxygen and water vapour account for about 1.5 per cent. International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer No noticeable traces of nitrogen were found. space: report of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of "The data of the scientific observations are being Outer Space (continued) processed and will be published. "Thus the Soviet automatic station 'Venus 4', for the GENERAL DEBATE (continued) first time in history, has made a slow descent and soft landing on the surface of the planet and sent back 1. Mr. FEDORENKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Re­ extremely valuable information about it. publics) (translated from Russian): It is with a feeling of "The scientific observations carried out by the Soviet great joy and satisfaction that the Soviet delegation wishes automatic interplanetary station 'Venus 4' mark a new to draw to the Committee's attention a from communique outstanding victory of Soviet science and technology, a the Tass agency reading as follows: most important stage in the exploration of planets of the "Tass Communication solar system." "A new outstanding victory of Soviet science and 2.