Research Paper Geography Green Revolution: Changing Village Land Use and Cropping Patterns (A Case Study of Hisar District, Haryana)
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Volume : 3 | Issue : 6 | June 2014 • ISSN No 2277 - 8160 Research Paper Geography Green Revolution: Changing Village Land use and Cropping Patterns (A Case Study of Hisar District, Haryana) Dr. Suman Rani Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Govt. College Nalwa (Hisar) ABSTRACT This paper attempts to explore the changing village land use and cropping pattern in an agriculturally developed district of Hisar in Haryana under impact of Green Revolution. It has been captured through the fieldwork conducted in randomly selected 23 villages. A well-structured pre-tested schedule was used to collect the information. The survey brings out that after Green Revolution there is a significant change in the village land use and cropping patterns in the district transforming the basic subsistence nature of agriculture into commercial one. KEYWORDS : land use, cropping pattern, Green Revolution, subsistence, commercial Introduction after Green Revolution Land use and cropping pattern have under- The Green Revolution means revolutionary change in agricultural gone a dramatic change which is clear from the table 1 given below. production and productivity caused by adoption of new agricultural technology in a very short time. This was basically the technological Table 1 District Hisar: Change in cropping pattern 1966- and organizational improvement within agricultural framework (Joshi, 2011 1999). The rapid increase in wheat and rice yields was brought about Name of the Cropping pattern by improved varieties of seeds combined with the expanded use of sampled village 1961 2011 fertilizers and other chemical inputs (Hazell, 1985). Based on high Wheat, Mustard, yielding variety seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, modern agricul- Wheat, Gram, Mustard, Barseem, Oat, Barley, tural implements and tubewell irrigation, a new era emerged in rural Barseem, Barley, Methi, Kherampur Massar, Taramira, Cotton, Methi, Cotton, Bajra, and agricultural development. Successful application of advanced (21) Bajra, Guar, Moong, Til, Guar, Moong, Jawar, technology increased not only the marketable surplus from agricul- Arhar, Vegetable and Jawar, Moongphali, Arhar Fruits ture but also changed the village land use and cropping patterns. (Sharma and Gupta, 1991). Wheat, Gram, Mustard, Wheat, Mustard, Barseem, Methi, Cotton, Barseem, Methi, Oat, Bajra, Guar, Moong, Barley, Cotton, Bajra, In this paper, we have taken the case study of Hisar district in Haryana Siswal (174) Til, Sugarcane, Jawar, Guar, Sugarcane, Rice, and have seen how land use and cropping patterns have changed un- Moongphali, Arhar, Taramira, Massar, Toria, Jawar, Maize, Fruits and der impact of Green Revolution. Lucern, Jute Vegetables Wheat, Gram, Mustard, Objective Wheat, Mustard, Barseem, Barley, Methi, Barseem, Oat, Barley, This paper purports to explore the changing village land use and Chickanwas Massar, Taramira, Toria, Methi, Cotton, Rice, cropping patterns due to Green Revolution in an agriculturally devel- (144) Cotton, Bajra, Guar, Moong, Til, Jawar, Bajra, Jawar, Sugarcane, oped district of Hisar (Haryana). Sugarcane, Maize, Jute Fruits and Vegetables Wheat, Gram, Mustard, Wheat, Gram, Mustard, Study Area Barseem, Barley, Methi, Barseem, Oat, Barley, Hisar is situated between 28˚53’45” to 29˚49’15”N latitudes and Kirmara (57) Massar, Taramira, Toria, Methi, Cotton, Rice, 75˚13’15” to 76˚18’15” E longitudes. Its climate can be classified as Cotton, Bajra, Guar, Bajra, Guar, Moong, Moong, Til, Jawar, Jute, Jawar, Fruits and semi-arid and hot. There is no natural drainage in the district but the Maize, Arhar Vegetables area is drained by network of Bhakra and Western Yamuna Canal Sys- Wheat, Gram, Methi, Wheat, Mustard, tems (Gazetteer, 1987). Hisar is predominantly an agricultural district. Mater Sham Mustard, Barseem, Barseem, Oat, Barley, Location of Haryana Agriculture University and Government Livestock (170) Barley, Cotton, Bajra, Methi, Cotton, Bajra, Farm (largest in Asia and second largest in world) at Hisar brought a Guar, Moong, Til, Jawar, Guar, Jawar, Sugarcane, Jute Fruits and Vegetables most spectacular transformation in the agricultural economy of the Wheat, Cotton, Gram, district. Wheat, Gram, Mustard, Barseem, Barley, Methi, Mustard, Jawar, Balsmand (22) Massar, Cotton, Bajra, Barseem, Oat, Barley, Data base and Methodology Methi, Castor (Oilseed), Guar, Moong, Til, Jawar, Bajra, Guar, Moong, The present paper is based on the primary data which has been cap- Moth, Taramira Fruits tured through the fieldwork conducted in randomly selected 23 vil- Wheat, Gram, Mustard, Wheat, Mustard, lages. The sample was stratified on the basis of relief, population size, Barseem, Barley, Methi, Barseem, Oat, Barley, distance from Hisar city and road accessibility. After that a sample Dhiranwas (53) Toria, Cotton, Bajra, Guar, Methi, Cotton, Bajra, from each stratum was drawn using a random table. A well-structured Jawar, Moong, Arhar, Guar, Jawar, Moong, pre-tested schedule was used to collect the information. The schedule Jute Fruits and Vegetables was related to village level information regarding land-use and crop- Wheat, Gram, Mustard, Barseem, Barley, Methi, Wheat, Gram, Mustard, ping pattern. Barseem, Oat, Barley, Daha (10) Massar, Taramira, Cotton, Methi, Rice, Bajra, Guar, Bajra, Guar, Moong, Til, Moong, Jawar, Cotton, The list of selected villages, where fieldwork was conducted, along Jawar, Arhar, Jute, Lucern Fruits and Vegetables with their Hadbast number is as follows: Kherampur(21), Siswal (174), (Green Foodder) Chickanwas (144), Kirmara(57), Mater Sham (170), Balsmand (22), Wheat, Gram, Mustard, Barseem, Methi, Massar, Wheat, Mustard, Dhiranwas (53), Daha (10), Dabra (164), Satrod Khurd (155), Khokha Dabra (164) Toria, Taramira, Cotton, Barseem, Oat, Rice, (28), Kumbha Khera (75), Barwala (Rural) (128), Rakhi Khas (76), Majod Jawar, Bajra, Cotton, Bajra, Moong, Til, Jawar, Fruits and Vegetables (111), Depal (118), Kheri Gangan (123), Bhatol Jatan (10), Bass Akbar- Jute, Arhar pur (96), Madanheri (58), Chuli Kalan (7), Daulatpur (124) and Bithma- Wheat, Gram, Mustard, ra(85). Barseem, Barley, Methi, Wheat, Mustard, Satrod Khurd Massar, Taramira, Barseem, Oat, Barley, (155) Lucern, Cotton, Bajra, Cotton, Rice, Jawar, Changing Village Land Use and Cropping Pattern Jawar, Guar, Moong, Til, Vegetables Prior to Green Revolution, agriculture was of subsistence nature but Sugarcane GJRA - GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS X 87 Volume : 3 | Issue : 6 | June 2014 • ISSN No 2277 - 8160 Wheat, Gram, Mustard, Wheat, Gram, Mustard, Barseem, Oat, Barley, cial scale. The net sown area of wheat increased in all the sampled vil- Barseem, Barley, Methi, lages i.e. 30 fold in village Chickanwas, 7 fold in village Khokha, 6 fold Khokha (28) Massar, Toria, Taramira, Methi, Cotton, Rice, Cotton, Bajra, Guar, Bajra, Guar, Jawar, in village Khairampur, 5 fold in villages Dhiranwas and Majod, 4 fold Moong, Fruits and in Siswal, Madanheri and Dabra villages, 3 fold in Kirmara, Rakhi Khas, Moong, Jawar, Sugarcane Vegetables Bass Akbarpur, Balsmand, Mater sham, Daulatpur, kumbha Khera, Bar- Wheat, Gram, Mustard, Barseem, Methi, Massar, Wheat, Mustard, wala (rural) and Siswal villages, two fold in Bhatol, Gangan Kheri, De- Kumbha Khera pal, Daha and Bithmara villages. Rice cultivation also came into prac- (75) Taramira, Toria, Cotton, Barseem, Oat, Cotton, Bajra, Jawar, Guar, Jawar, Bajra tice in villages Bhatol, Gangan Kheri, Bass, Madanheri, Khokha, Rakhi, Moong, Til, Jute, Arhar Bithmara, Barwala (rural), Depal, Dabra, Majod and Satrod on a large Wheat, Gram, Mustard, scale as here canal irrigation facility is very good and is also supple- Wheat, Gram, Mustard, Barseem, Oat, Barley, Barseem, Barley, Methi, Cotton, Rice, Maize, mented by tubewells. Earlier, rice was not cultivated because of lack Barwala (128) Massar, Taramira, Cotton, of sufficient irrigation facilities in the district. Jawar, Bajra, Moong, Til, Jawar, Bajra, Guar, Sugarcane Moong, Til, Sugarcane, Fruits and Vegetables The survey shows that there is tremendous increase in net sown area Wheat, Gram, Mustard, of cotton, a cash crop i.e. ten fold in village Dhiranwas, eleven fold in Barseem, Barley, Methi, Wheat, Mustard, Massar, Taramira, Toria, Barseem, Oat, Barley, village Chickanwas, six fold in villages Majod and Bithmara, five fold Rakhi Khas (76) Methi, Cotton, Rice, in Siswal, four fold in Daha and Kirmara, three fold in Kumbha Khera Cotton, Bajra, Jawar, Bajra, Jawar, Sugarcane, Guar, Moong, Til, Jute, Fruits and Vegetables and Madanheri and two fold in Khairampur, Barwala (rural), Depal, Maize, Sugarcane Madanheri, Daulatpur and Siswal villages. Wheat, Gram, Mustard, Barseem, Barley, Methi, Wheat, Gram, Mustard, Toria, Taramira, Cotton, Cotton, Barseem, The survey also indicates towards yellow revolution in the district as Majod (111 Oat, Barley, Methi, net sown area under mustard crop increased tremendously in almost Bajra, Jawar, Guar, Guar, Bajra, Fruits and Moong, Til, Sugarcane, Vegetables all the sampled villages at the cost of toria and taramira. Increase in Jute, Arhar net sown area ranges from double to six times. Sown area increased Wheat, Gram, Mustard, Wheat, Gram, Mustard, because of its high demand as mustard oil is used as cooking/edible Barseem, Barley, Methi, Barseem, Oat, Depal (118) Massar, Cotton, Bajra, Barley, Cotton, Rice, oil by vast majority of population. Jwar, Gwar, Moong, Til, Jawar, Guar, Moong, Sugarcane Vegetables Net sown area under Bajra decreased in almost all the villages.