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That Summarizes Theviews Expressed by Michigan Citizens During The DOCUMENT RESUME ED 113 815 EA 007 606 AUTHOR Porter, John W. TITLE The Publid's.Understanding and Attitudes Toward. Educational Accountability. The- Report of the Superintendent of Public -Instruction.. INSTITUTION Michigan State Dept-. of Education, Lansin PUB DATE. Aug 74 NOTE 221p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.76 HC-$10.78 Plus Postage DESCRIPTORS Change Strategies;. *EducatiOnal Accountability; Educational Administration;- *Educational'Attitudesl. Education.al Policy; Elementary Secondary Education; Public Opinion'; *State Surveys; Tables 1Data); Teacher Attitudles- TDENTIFIERS *Michigan ABSTPACT This publication presents the results of a statewide study of the meaning, ,purpose, and methods of educational . accountability that was conducted in the state of Michigan in 1974. Part 1 of the -report examines the results of a public opinion survey designed to determine how Michigan residents and Michigan public school teachers perceive the. concept of'educational accountability and how they feel increased accountabilitY.may be achieved. Part 2 is a report prepared .by:the Educational -AccountabilityHearings Panel that summarizes theviews expresSed by Michigan citizens during the. course of 13 public hearings on educatiOnal accountability. Part =3 presents the findings and\conclusions of the Michigan Superintendent of Public Instruction, based -on his review of the. data from the public opinion survey and public hearings. A variety of .accountability proposals offered by different organizations and . indiViduals during the public hearings are presented in the appendix. (Author/JG) *********************************************************************** Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished . * * materials,not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the. best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche nd hardcopy reproductions EPIC makes available * * via the EPIC Docum nt Reproduction Service (EPPS). EDRS is not * responsible for thquality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by EDPS a e the Vast that can be made from the original. 4******************** ,A*********************************************** 7-\ U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION L WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN RF-Pw *DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION OR ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OP,N ',. STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY RERRL ENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY State Board of Education Dr. Gorton Riethmiller, President James F. O'Neil, Vice President- Chelsea Livonia Dr. William AL Sederburg Barbara A. Dumouchelle, Trea.surer East Laniing Grosse Ile Secretary V" Marilyn Jean Kelly Annetta Miller_ Troy Huntington Woods Edmund F. Vandette Houghton Ex-Officlo Members William G. Milliken Or. John W. Porter Governor 'Superintendent of Public Instruction 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 2 PART I: THE PUBLIC OPINION SURVEY 4. Table of Contents: Part I 6 Foreword 8 Population Sample Analysis 11 Teacher Sample Analysis 53 Summary and Recommendations 69 PART II: THE PUBLIC HEARINGS 81 Table of Contents: Part II 82 The Panel's Transmittal Letter 83 Preface 85- 1he Panel's Report 88 PART III: THE OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS OF THE SUPERINTENDENT . OF PUBLICIINSTRUCTION 111 -Introduction! 112 ° Observations. Conclusions 120 . I I APPENDICES ................. 125 Appendix A -- Membes of the Educational Accountability Panel 126 Appendix B -- Schedule of Educational Accountability Hearings, Chairperson's.Guide. ..... 128 Appendix C -- Summary of Organizations, Agencies and Individuals Who Testified. .... - 134 Appendix D Locally implemented Accountability Plana 136 Appendix E Accountability Proposals Offeredhy Organization and Individuals 143 Appendix F --Summary and Report of the Community Conference on Educational Accountability 202 THE PUBLIC'S UNDERSTANDING AND ATTITUDE TOWARD EDUCATIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY L, INTRODUCTION The issue of educational accountability has beenand continues to be the subject of extensive discussion and debate, the State. The issue of accountability also becgme'a majorstumbling block in trying to bring ,last Fall's seven -week Detroit teachers' ,striketo an end. In an effort to remove this controversialissue from the negotiations, Governor William G. Milliken requested the State Superintendent.ofPublic Instruction to conduct a statewide study of themeaning, purpose, and methods of educational accountability and report hisfindings to the Governor, the Legislature, and the public. In fulfilling the Governor's request the StateSuperintendent proposed to. the State Board of Education a three step study. The State Board reviewed and approved that proPosalon December 19, 1973. As a first step in studying the issue of educationalaccountability, an independent agency -- the Detroit-based Market OpinionResearch firm -- was employed to conduct a public opinion survey to determine the public's understanding of the accountability concept and theirviews as to how increased accountability in educationmay be achieved. The survey was . designed to sample a representative group of the state'scitizens and provide opportunity to the general public toexpress their views on the accountability issue. "Part One of this present reportpresents the results of the Market Opinion Research Survey and describesat length how Michigan residents and Michigan' public school teachersperceive the concept of "educational accountability". As a second step, it was proposed that a series of public hearingson educational accountability be held, conducted by agenciesor individuals independent of the State Board of Education and theMichigan Department of Education. PartTwo of this present report, prepared by the independent Educational Accountability Hearings Panel, presentsa summary of the views held and expressed by Michigan's citizens during the course,ofthirteen public hearings on educational accountability.. The Third and final step in the study proposed that the SuPerintendentof Public Instruction would present his findings and conclusionsfollowing his review of the evidence from the public opinionsurvey and from the public hearings. The Superintendent now has completed that review and, based on that review, offers his findings and conclusions regarding educational accountability as Part Three of thisreport. 5 Because of the wealth of information provided through, the survey effort and the public hearings process, the reader is strongly encouraged to do his or her own review of Parts I and II prior to considering Part III -- the observations and conclusions of.-the State Superintendent of Public Instruction. John W. Porter C Alp 6 THE PUBLIC'S UNDERSTANDING AND ATTITUDES TOWARD EDUCATIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY PART I THE PUBLIC OPINION SURVEY MARKET OPINION RESEARCH 28 W. ADAMS, DETROIT, MICHIGAN 48226 (313) 963-2414 SURVEY ON EDUCATIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY FOR THE MICHIGAN STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION MAY 1974 ,1 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD Study ProfessionalStaff iii POPULATION SAMPLE ANALYSIS 1 Background: The factors responsible for helping a child to learn 1 Meanings for Educational Accountability 5 Information sources for those who have meanings for educational accountability A choice of meanings for those with no meanings for educational accountability 10 o Perceived accountability of local schools 12 Accountable for What? 17 Leadership in becoming more accountable 21 .° State .definition of accountability and citizenresponse to it 23 Agreement or disagreement that schools should be accountable as suggested by State Board of Education' definition 25 Local accountability according to State Bbard%of Education definition 25 Six-Step Accountability Model 30 Ideas on making the schoo.k more accountable 30 State A'ssessment Tests 32 Local school spending and information 37 TEACHER SAMPLE ANALYSIS ,43 Factors responsible for helping a child to learn 43 TABLE OF CONTENTS Con't. TEACHERSAMPLE ANALYSIS, con't Meanings for educational accountability 45 Perceived accountability of local .schools 46 AcCountable for What? 48 State definition of accountability and teacher response . to it Leadership in becoming more accountable 53 Ideas on Making schools more accountable 54 Assessment Tests 55 Local spending 58 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS '59 STATISTICAL APPENDIX 62 QUESTIONNAIRES 10 _ FOREWORD What are the meanings for "Educational accountability"in the spring of 1974? In the public's view who should have the responsibilityfor making Michigan's public schools accountableto Michigan's citizens? Do these citizens perceive that their schoolsare accountable to them now?- These are the major questions this studywas designed to answer. The answers a come-from interviews with 1365 Michigan' adults. The study was conducted by Market Opinion Research, Detroit. Two, hundred of those interviewed were chosen asa random and representative sample of Michigan's public school teachers. The rest, 1165, were selected to represent the state's adult (18years and over) population. Now the samples were drawn and their presentatiyeness to the Michigan populations of citizens and teachers are detailed n the Statistical Appendix. 'Interviews with those in the population samplewere conducted between parch 20 and April 16, 1974, in their homes. Interviews with the sample of teachers were conducted between April 2 and 23 by telephone. Professional interviewers used structured questionnaires developed
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