AAEV Shade Tree Guide

Trees give shade and shelter and provide food, habitat and beauty. They are an integral part of a landscape that cares for the earth and cares for people.

The following species list is a guide that has considered our current climate and conditions with an eye on the future to a time when our climate is likely to be drier.

All species are found within our Vegetation Guidelines (2010) and were researched acknowledging that our local indigenous trees have limitations for use as shade trees.

The average rainfall of Aldinga is 500ml per year however we know that since AAEV began that we have experienced periods of drought and years of greatly reduced rainfall. This has been a large consideration in the species chosen.

Choosing well

Trees can be highly variable in how big they will ultimately grow, even within our site.

The success of your tree will ultimately depend on a range of factors including how much water it receives, the soil it is growing in and how much sun and wind it is exposed to.

The surrounding area is also important to a tree. If cars will be driving over the root zone this will compact the soil, removing air and reducing the microorganisms that give life to the soil. Bitumen will redirect water away from your tree whereas mulched soil, swales or a planted area will help to retain our limited rainfall.

Consider the conditions your tree will be growing in, if you will be irrigating it and how, and how much care you are willing to provide. These factors will influence your choice of species, as will the function you want your tree to perform.

For advice on trees and root damage see Attachment 1

1 Small trees

Deciduous Cercis siliquastrum Judas Tree Parrotia persica Persian Witch Hazel

Evergreen Corymbia ficifolia Grafted Eucalypts Arbutus unedo Strawberry Tree Eriobotrya japonica Loquat

Medium trees

Deciduous Acer negundo Box Elders Acer platanoides ‘Pond Emerald Norway Maple Lustre’ Pistachia chinensis Chinese Pistachio Morus sp. Mulberry Gingko biloba Maidenhair Tree Ficus carica Figs – edible Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust

Evergreen Agonis flexuosa Willow Myrtle Acacia pendula Weeping Myall Brachychiton populneus Kurrajong Geijera parviflora Wilga, Australian Willow Eucalyptus leucoxylon ssp. pruinosa Yellow Gum Eucalyptus odorata Peppermint Box

Larger trees

Deciduous Celtis laevigata Mississippi Sugarberry

Evergreen Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping Sheok Calodendron capense Cape Chestnut E. leucoxylon ssp. Megalocarpa Large fruited SA Blue Gum E. torquata Coral Gum E. stricklandii Strictlands Gum Quercus ilex Holm Oak Quercus suber Cork Oak

Cercis siliquastrum Judas Tree

Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care/Position Uses

Slow growing 8m 3m Purplish-pink flowers in Some say Some say Some say easily Flowers can be deciduous tree with early spring along it dislikes it succeeds stressed, eaten in a salad. rounded leaves. branches and trunk, drought, in most resents dry or The flower buds followed by chocolate- others say soils and very wet sites, can be pickled There are varying brown pods and it is hardy. pH types, and to avoid and used as a reports about this distinctive rounded but dislikes hot, exposed condiment. trees hardiness and leaves. growing in and windy sites. Seedpods can ideal growth wet soils, be eaten raw. conditions. Will flower in November Others say once especially with the seeds ripening established the when these from March. tree is very are of clay. resistant to The flowers from this Others say drought and plant are hermaphrodite it thrives heat. and are pollinated by Cultivar: on chalky bees. Sources: Aussie A specimen tree. 6m 4m and in dry sandy Gardening; Flemings Nursery; soils, Winter hill probably nursery; Diggers. does best on a poorish soil.

3 Parrotia persica Persian Witch Hazel

Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care/Position Uses Slow growing To 7m 3m An unusual flowering Withstands dry deciduous tree, habit of numerous red conditions and pendulous multi clusters of red stamens exposure to stemmed branches, is effective before leaf wind once very hardy tolerates growth in spring. established. most soils and Foliage is glossy green positions. turning to crimson and gold in autumn. Bark during winter is a Sources: smooth grey, flaking to Winterhill. cream and beige.

4 Corymbia ficifolia - grafted eucalypts Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care Uses A range of Ranges 2-8m Red, pink and orange Drought Adapted Colour, nectar Eucalyptus are from 2m available. hardy. to our and shade. available that have dwarf that alkaline Worth asking in grafted the ficifolia can be soils. any nursery but from WA with the E. grown in a definitely maculata rootstock, pot to a available from allowing these tree of 8m, Coromandel showy WA trees to depending Native Nursery, be grown in a wider on the Adelaide variety of soils. The cultivar. Advanced Trees, final height is also State Flora. known. Cultivars are Their names include more costly than Wildfire, Summer tubestock at $50 Red, Calypso - $100 per tree Orange, Fairy Floss depending on the size.

Arbutus unedo Strawberry Tree

Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care/Position Uses A slow growing long 5m 4m Flaky brown bark and Drought Can Slow to establish The fruit is lived evergreen tree white bell-shaped tolerant tolerate and may not popular with (over 100 years). flowers with a soft, but will most soils. grown beyond parrots. sweet fragrance. grow shrub size for

better if the first 10 The orange-red fruit irrigated. years. Arbutus produced in winter is Source: Sophie andrachnoides is a edible though bland. Thomson; hybrid that is sterile Shepparton and will not self- Council; Diggers. seed. It has peeling, cinnamon- red bark. 6m x 6m.

Eriobotrya japonica Loquat

Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care/Position Uses Small, tropical- 4-6 m The flowers appear in Needs to Loquats The fruit is looking evergreen tall, but autumn or early winter be grow well eaten raw, trees. are and the fruits are ripe in irrigated on a stewed, often late winter or early to produce variety of preserved or smaller spring. The flowers have quality soils of dried and the about a sweet, heady aroma fruit but moderate roasted seeds 3–4 m. that can be smelled will fertility, can be used as a from a distance. tolerate but need coffee some dry good substitute. periods. drainage. Loquats can also be used to make wine.

Source: Daleys Nursery; Diggers.

Acer negundo Box Elders

Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care/Position Uses Fast growing hardy Up to Up to Sensation – foliage has Hardy Clay Summer shade, deciduous trees that 10 m 9 m a pink tinge in spring, with winter sun. are tolerant of windy green over summer and minimal sites. red and orange in irrigation. autumn. Cultivars include Sources: Sensation; Shepparton violaceum. Violaceum – unusual Schedule 2 burgundy pink Council; Sophie Thomson; inflorescences appear in Sustainable late winter before the Landscapes. foliage (pictured).

8 Acer platanoides ‘Pond Emerald Lustre’ Norway Maple

Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care/Position Uses Moderate to fast- 12m 10m Glossy, dark green Summer shade, growing deciduous leaves, orange-yellow in winter sun. tree with a dense autumn. New leaves and uniform habit. have a reddish tinge.

Source: Sustainable Landscapes

9 Pistachia chinensis Chinese Pistachio

Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care Uses An elegant, rounded To 10m To A rich green in summer Will Does not create A feature shade tree 6m and a bright crimson in tolerate allergy tree. autumn holding on the very dry problems.

tree for many weeks. soils Provisionally classified as Source: Diggers; Schedule 2. Adelaide Advanced Trees.

10 Morus sp. Mulberry

Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care Uses Mulberry Trees are Up to Up to Deciduous. Drought Tolerant The black Shade. easy to grow fruit 10m 10m hardy of heavy varieties drop Mulberries are tree that are also clay fruit that can Crimson black, red or rarely seen in tough for our stain paths or white fruit in spring shops hence the climate. cars and when depending on the need to grow birds eat the variety. them yourself. Varieties include: fruit their droppings can  Dwarf Red also stain so this Source: Daleys Shantoot (2m is a Fruit Nursery, high) consideration Perry’s Fruit & Nut  Beenleigh Black when choosing  White Shantoot their position.  others The white varieties don’t have this problem.

Dwarf Red Shantoot at Perrys Nursery – 20 years old

South Australia's first and oldest living European tree is a mulberry which was planted at Kingscote, Kangaroo Island in 1836 and is still bearing fruit.

Gingko biloba Maidenhair Tree

Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care/Position Uses One of the most Up to To Leaves are fan-shaped Young trees Prefer Protect from Light shade. ancient trees still in 9m 5m like maidenhair fern, need deep, deep, strong winds. cultivation – changing from pale- regular fertile soils considered a living green in spring and watering rich in The nuts taste fossil. Very slow to summer, to butter until organic like a large pine Sources: Sophie become established. yellow in autumn. established. matter, but nut, a cross Thomson; Daleys will survive between Nursery; Diggers. The trees can take The Ginkgo tree is used in poorer potatoes and around 20-30 years extensively as a soils. sweet chestnuts to bear nuts, landscape tree due to when baked. however grafted its picturesque, unusual The seeds are trees may bear in as shaped crown and usually steamed little as 8 years. autumn coloured until the hard foliage. shell cracks Cultivars include: open, then the Autumn Gold' - an kernel removed upright, symmetrical and eaten like form. pistacho nuts. 'Fastigiata' - slender, upright form. 'Pendula' - long weeping branches 'Princeton Sentry' - an upright growing male tree. 'Saratoga' - pyramidal

Figs (edible) Ficus carica

Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care/Position Uses A smaller to large Some commonly grown Naturally Tolerant of A slab of Figs can be tree depending on are: likes living alkaline concrete or slate glaced, dried or the cultivar. in soils and in the bottom of eaten fresh. creeklines some the planting hole White Adriatic – a - green to yellow skinned so loves salinity. will force the medium to large sized moisture. plant to spread The Rare Fruit fig with red pulp and Tony shallow roots Society is a excellent flavour. Stevens and encourage it good source of (Rare Fruit to produce unusual figs Excel - an early fruiting Society) heavily. medium sized fig with grows 30 Alternatively if amber pulp and yellow – 40 the tree Source: Food Forest, Daleys skin. A good all-purpose varieties establishes a Nursery fig with sweet, rich near deep root pulp. Gawler. system it can He directs grow large with Brown Turkey - a brown winter a healthy skinned medium to rainfall canopy of large fig with copper- into foliage, at the coloured skin and trenches expense of fruit. whitish to pink pulp. to soak Very good quality with the sub- Ficus rubiginosa few seeds. A prolific soil. In the ‘Variegata’ – bearer and popular summer Schedule 2 commercial variety. the trees get no Fig Black Genoa water at all.

13 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust

Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care/Position Uses Upright tree with a 8m 8m Small ferny foliage Can grow Summer shade, weeping pendulous appearing golden in with winter sun. habit. Deciduous. spring. The leaves hold limited until late autumn, and irrigation. turn a rich yellow before Provisionally dropping. Classified Cultivars Limegold Schedule 2. Sunburst; Sources: Shademaster. Sustainable Landscapes; Sophie Thomson; Metro Trees.

Agonis flexuosa Willow Myrtle Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care Uses A round-headed 5- 12 4-9m Tiny 5-petalled, 500 ml Grows A. flexuosa can Small to tree with semi- m fragrant white flowers natural naturally be pruned to medium tree weeping branches, cover the branches, in rainfall. on retain its ideal providing dense well-clothed in late spring for up to 6 limestone shape, and will shade linear olive green weeks. Leaves are Grows as heaths. be able to be leaves. peppermint scented. a street Prefers grown under Food for birds The bark of the tree is tree in free many power (seed) A cultivar form is smooth when young, SA with drainage. lines. Also, also available: A. but becomes deeply no because of its flexuosa ‘Jervis Bay furrowed and very dark additional many After Dark’ which brown with age. irrigation tolerances, it is Source: Metro will have different ideal for all trees; State Flora; characteristics. coastal and Sophie Thomson near-coastal sites.

Schedule 2

Acacia pendula Weeping Myall Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care Uses Long lived, upright 6- 4-6 Pale cream balls 250 ml Medium Shade acacia with 10m autumn, winter spring. natural to heavy Food for birds pendulous branches Silvery blue-green rainfall. soils. (seeds) and silvery foliage. weeping foliage. Drought tolerant. Tolerates Fodder lime and Schedule 2 High windbreak salt. Source: State Flora; Sophie Thomson

Brachychiton populneus Kurrajong

Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care/Position Uses A small to medium 5- 10m The trunk is stout and Tolerant of Naturally Dense shade. tree with a compact grey and the leaves are winter occurs Is used in and dense foliage. 3 lobed and shiny green frosts and either on farming areas with young foliage hot, dry well- for fodder tinged with pink. summers. drained soil Hybrids available during drought include B. x roseus, Flowers are bell-shaped amongst periods. B. 'Jerilderie Red' and whitish in colour rocky Schedule 2 and B. 'Froggatt's with the inner flower outcrops of Pink' that combine tube streaked purple- granite or Source: Aust some of the brown. Seeds are within limestone, Society for flowering qualities of woody, boat-shaped or on Growing Aust the Illawarra Flame fruit 1-7 cm long and deeper Plants; Gardening Tree and the foliage are surrounded by fine soils. Australia; Metro from the Kurrajong hairs that can cause Trees parent. skin and eye irritation.

17 Geijera parviflora Wilga, Australian Willow Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care/Position Uses An elegant, highly Up to Up to It has leathery foliage Native It is It grows well in Wilgas are ornamental tree that 9m 8m that is extremely dark to highly full sun, valuable trees is very slow green when grown in inland tolerant although the as they provide growing. some shade. The areas of of soils foliage may be shade and flowers are white and SA, Vic, where slightly yellow. shelter for farm strongly-scented— NSW, irrigation Wilga will also animals as well similar to citrus, to Qu. is thrive in some as people. which Wilga is related limited, shade, probably

and appear June - and will that from tall November. The blooms grow eucalypts, and Source: are followed by globular well on the foliage is Coromandel fruits that contain a any well- very rich, dark Native Nursery State Flora glossy black seed. drained green. In dense Metro trees soil, shade, Wilga will including not grow well, alkaline and will not soils. flower at all.

Schedule 1

18 Eucalyptus leucoxylon ssp. Pruinosa Yellow Gum Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care Uses Variable sized tree 4-20m 4- Cream flowers from 400ml Schedule 2 Shade or avenue 12m Autumn to October. natural tree Greyish-green leaves rainfall Highly bird and white trunk. attracting

Eucalyptus odorata Peppermint Box Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care/Position Uses 7-15 6-10 Cream flowers in 350 Heavy, Shade or shelter summer and autumn natural lime tree in common rainfall tolerant. land. Source: Sustainable Landscapes, State Schedule 2 Flora

20 Celtis laevigata Mississippi Sugarberry

Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care/Position Uses Fast growing, 15m 4m Grey-brown to silvery Minimal Clay, lime. Produces berries deciduous with a bark with warty watering which can be rounded crown and projections. Light green considered a spreading branches. leaves, turning bright nuisance. yellow in autumn. The leaf litter is allopathic, it Shallow-rooted inhibits growth of other and may uplift Source: plants. paving and Sustainable roads. Landscapes

Provisionally classified Schedule 2

21 Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping sheoak Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care/Position Uses A graceful and hardy To 10 m Sheoks can be male or Local to Clay Sheoks are very Filtered shade, tree local to SA, and female. The male plants the effective at seeking and makes a the verticillata is the have rusty golden Willunga moisture from the stirring sound form local to our threads and an overall Basin. surrounding area. when the wind area. golden appearance in They are shallow- passes through. autumn, the female rooted and are An effective plants develop cones in better suited to flat wind-break a rounded cluster. ground rather than when combined the side of a mound with other as they may uproot vegetation. and fall over in the Sheoks host wind. many insects and provide Only buy stock seed which from local growers feeds smaller see contact details birds. The cones at are food for the http://www.aaev.n Yellow-Tailed et/management/ne Black Cockatoo c/native_plants/nur and other series/index.html parrots.

Calodendron capense Cape Chestnut

Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care/Position Uses Slow growing 10-12 Summer flowering, pink Prefers evergreen tree with in large terminal sprays, moisture a dense, compact covering almost the in Provisionally Diggers; Daleys and rounded, entire crown. summer. classified Nursery symmetrical crown. Schedule 2.

Fitzroy Gardens, Melbourne

23 E. leucoxylon ssp. Megalocarpa Large fruited SA Blue Gum Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care Uses Small to medium, 6- 3-4 Smooth yellowish bark 350 ml Lime Shade highly ornamental 10m and grey-green leaves. natural tolerant Nectar for tree. Moderately fast Cream to deep pink rainfall rosellas and growing. flowers autumn to lorikeets spring. Provisionally Cultivars are classified: available (eg Rosea, Schedule 2 Source: Metro Eukie Dwarf) that Trees; State will have different Flora; Sophie characteristics. Thomson; Australian Plants Society SA

Eucalyptus torquata Coral Gum Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care Uses Small to medium 6-11m 6-10 Coral pink flowers 250ml Limey Semi-dense heavy flowering during summer, grey- natural soils, shade tree for eucalypt green foliage. Plants rainfall, well street or will flower two years but drained. common land. after planting. respond Schedule 2 Source: Metro s well to Trees; State more Flora; Sophie water. Thomson; Greater Shepparton City Council.

Eucalyptus stricklandii Strictlands Gum Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care Uses Small to medium 6-12m 7m Bright yellow flowers in Drought Schedule 2 Screening tree tree with short, summer. Long green tolerant Good honey tree heavy trunk. Fast narrow leaves, sooth growing. coppery brown bark. Nectar and insects for birds Source: State Flora; Copper Coast Council recommended list.

Quercus suber Cork Oak Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care Uses A broad, spreading Up to Up to Grey-green evergreen Drought Adaptable A broad canopy evergreen tree with 15m 10 foliage and deeply- hardy to alkaline spread for a an open canopy. fissured grey-to-tan but will but prefers larger common Slow-growing and bark. Acorns are grow well land area. long-lived. infrequently produced. better drained Commercial cork with rather than production. occasion compacted. al deep Sources: Metro watering Trees; Diggers, Sustainable Landscapes.

A 108 year old tree in Caulfield, Victoria.

Quercus ilex Holm Oak Description Height Width Flowers/fruit/foliage Water Soils Care Uses Slow growing Up to Up to Small thick grey-green It grows well May be better Shade evergreen tree with 15m 10m leaves, felted with little to not planted near a broad-domed underneath, serrated on no summer roads as the canopy. young trees, smooth irrigation acorns are easily Sources: Diggers; edged on older trees. once tripped over. Sustainable Landscapes. Black trunk. Egg shaped established. acorns which are sweet & edible. Schedule 2

Attachment 1

Trees and root damage Tree roots will search for water and in doing so can cause damage to your house and paving, and to our roads and underground services. SA Water has developed some advice in which trees are likely to cause damage, and this advice is covered by legislation. These categories have been included in the Shade Tree Guide.

Schedule 1 These trees and shrubs are listed in Regulation 24.2 under the Sewerage Act and may be planted in any street or road in any drainage area provided they are not planted closer than two metres to any sewer main or connection.

Schedule 2 These trees and shrubs are listed in Regulation 24.3 under the Sewerage Act and may be planted in any street or road in any drainage area not closer than 3.5 metres to any sewer main or connection. In home gardens, too, they should not be planted closer than 3.5 metres to any sewer pipe.

Provisionally Classified Schedule 2 These trees are comparable to those listed in Schedule 2, but require written SA Water approval prior to planting in streets or roads.