The Case of Boloso Bombe and Kindo Koisha Woredas of Wolaita Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia
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International Journal of Research and Innovations in Earth Science Volume 4, Issue 2, ISSN (Online) : 2394-1375 Determinants of Ginger Supply: The Case of Boloso Bombe and Kindo Koisha Woredas of Wolaita Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia Alemayehu Asale and Taye Buke Ashango* Wolaita Sodo University, College Of Agriculture. Date of publication (dd/mm/yyyy): 15/03/2017 Abstract – This study tries to analyze the determinants of for instance at altitudes up to 2000 m, with rainfall often ginger (Zingiber Officinale Rosc) in Boloso Bombe and less than 1500 mm per year and at lower temperature Kindo Koisha woredas of Wolaita zone in SNNPR Hence, the (Anteneh et al., 2008). Nowadays, it is an important cash Multiple Linear Regression Model was employed to see crop in the South, Southwest and Northwestern parts of factors that determine the supply of ginger. The study has the country (Girma and Digafie, 2004). In the southern evaluated the main factors affecting the supply of ginger based on the Multiple Linear Regression Model. Thus, the parts of the country especially in Wolaita Zone (Kindo econometric model has identified the amount of introduced Koisha and Boloso Bombe districts and the areas nearby), seed made available for farmers to be the most important the crop is widely cultivated by farmers. The current variable affecting (positively) the supply of ginger. As a development policy and strategy has also targeted the crop result, the findings of this work have suggested Research for poverty reduction and food security goals for resource Institutions, NGOs and other stockholders can play a vital poor farmers at household levels. It seems to encourage role in addressing the farmers’ question of introduced seed. market oriented production via accessing appropriate Further, the number of livestock owned significantly and markets for farmers produce and thereby increasing positively affected the volume of ginger supplied. The results marketable surplus. Marketing activities, therefore, have of this manuscript also suggested building household assets (i.e. livestock) through household asset building programs an intrinsic productive value, in that it adds time, place will remedy the case. But income from other sources (exclude and possession utilities to products and commodities. ginger) adversely affected the amount of ginger supplied. Through the technical functions of storage, processing, Thus, the findings pointed out that farmers should compare and transportation and through exchange, marketing and contrast between the two and decide accordingly. Hence, increases consumer satisfaction from any given quantity of extension workers and other concerned bodies were expected output. An efficient agricultural marketing is crucial for to play valuable roles in teaching and directing the farmers effective agricultural and rural development, particularly so as they opt effectively and efficiently. with regard to sustained increase in agricultural Keywords – Ginger, Determinants, Supply and Farmers. production, farmer’s income and improvement of the food security capabilities (Arrora, 1997) I. Introduction Moreover, in the realm of economic growth, markets may provide the incentives for-profit-maximizing 1.1. Background participants to develop new technologies, products, and Ethiopia is one of the major centers of origin/diversity sources of supply, new markets and new methods of for several horticultural crops, including leafy vegetables, exploiting them. Markets can also provide a mechanism of root and tuber crops, spices, coffee and ornamental surplus extraction and inter-sect oral resource transfers, flowers (Jansen, 1981). Out of about 70 species cultivated most commonly from agricultural to non-agricultural in the world about 29 wild and semi-domesticated species sectors. Further, the development and expansion of are found in Ethiopia (Kochhar, 1998). One of the oldest markets can create increased demand through various known spice, ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), has been means. For example, markets provide a source of used by man since several centuries not only as a spice but productive employment and income generation also as medicine. Ginger is indigenous to tropical India (Scarborough and Kydd, 1992). and South East Asia, Australia and Japan, with the main 1.2. Statement of the Problem center of diversity in Indo-Malaysia (Purseglove, 1972). In Ethiopia is an agricultural country where about 86 % of India, ginger in its fresh and/or dried form has its population lives in rural areas. Agriculture constituted innumerable uses in culinary and medicinal preparations. about 43 % of the gross domestic product in 1999/2000 India and China are the world’s largest producers and (Tassew,2008).Thus, agricultural products or commodities exporters of ginger. Other important producers are dominate the export market. According to the Ministry of Jamaica, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Thailand, and Australia Agriculture, the crop sector still leads in foreign exchange (Jansen, 1981; Yiljep et al., 2005). contribution, among which coffee takes a lion share. The The literatures also argue that ginger is known to be Ministry of Agriculture also acknowledges that the role of introduced to Ethiopia as early as the 13th century and spices is not insignificant in the foreign exchange perhaps its cultivation has also been started since then. In earnings. One of the popular spices is ginger whose Ethiopia, it is often cultivated under suboptimal conditions demand has significantly been increasing over time (MOA, 2003). Copyright © 2017 IJRIES, All right reserved 27 International Journal of Research and Innovations in Earth Science Volume 4, Issue 2, ISSN (Online) : 2394-1375 The statistical information from the Ministry of 1.6. Scope and Limitations of the Study Agriculture and Rural Development indicated that 99 % of The study focuses on analysis of factors affecting ginger crop (ginger) production was from the Southern Nations, supply around Boloso Bombe and Kindo Koisha districts Nationalities and Peoples Regional State (SNNPRS) and of Wolaita zone in the SNNP region. Emphasis was given about 1 % was from the Oromia National Regional State. to those issues which place a remarkable influence up on The productivity of fresh rhizome ginger is about 11,522 ginger supplied to the market. Thus, the producers' side kg/ha in the SNNPRS, 2615 kg/ha in the Oromia National problems have got a special attention. Nevertheless, the Regional State and 7050 kg/ha nationally (MOA, 2003). study did not address the demand side problems in depth. Despite, the increasing demand for ginger the current Hence, the marketing aspects of ginger should further be income generating capacity of ginger producers when studied since they are equally important. compared to its immense potential of the areas is not as such encouraging. The primary reason among others II. METHODOLOGIES seems to be the farmers’ inability to access markets, which in turn reduces the incentive to participate in the economic 2.1. Description of the Study Areas transactions. Kindo Koisha is one of the twelve Woredas of Wolaita Furthermore, in the absence of an efficient, integrated zone. It constitutes about 23 Rural kebeles and two town and responsive market mechanism that is marked with administrative kebeles. The total population of the Woreda good performance, the possible increment in output, rural is estimated to be about 118,953 of which 58,287 male and income and foreign exchange resulting from the 60,665 female (CSA, 2007). Agro-ecological classification introduction of improved production technology could not of the woreda shows that the area is mainly kola (54%) be effective (Solomon, 2004). Earlier a study (Abrham, followed by woyna-dega and dega , 39% and 7% 2008) concentrated only on the genetic aspects of the crop respectively. The woreda is, thus, characterized as i.e. evaluation of ginger accessions for yield and oleoresin climatically hot area in the zone with temperature varying was undertaken particularly in ‘Parawocha’ and ‘Matala from 250c to 400c. The mean annual rain fall is 900mm Hembecho kebeles1 of Boloso bombe and Boloso Sore with the max and min of 1400mm and 400mm woredas respectively .Otherwise, the supply side issues of respectively. Most PAs of the woreda are situated in the ginger particularly with respect to market is left unstudied low land as the altitude ranges from 700m to 2280m above till this point. This study, therefore, gives a due emphasis sea level. Moreover, the pedological back ground of the for determinants of ginger supply in Boloso Bombe and woreda shows that 35%, 20%, and 25% of the soil is Kindo Koisha woredas of wolaita zone. nitho-sole, clay soil, and sandy soil respectively. 1.4. Objectives of the Study Cereal crops like maize, teff , wheat, barely, and 1.4.1. Major objective sorghum are the major crops grown in the area followed The overall objective of this study is to analyze factors by root-crops such as sweet potato, cassava, potato, taro, affecting ginger supply in Boloso Bombe and Kindo yam , enset , etc. Leguminous plants like haricot bean, Koisha districts. bean, pea etc are also commonly grown in the area. Ginger 1.4.2. Specific objectives is the most important cash crop grown potentially in some To investigate the determinants of ginger supply, PAs like Kindo-Angela, Oidu-Chama, Tulicha, Sorto, and To identify the constraints and prospects of ginger Borkosh. Thus, crop production mixed with livestock production. rearing is the major economic activity