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<I>Culicoides University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 2015 A revision of the biting midges in the Culicoides (Monoculicoides) nubeculosus-stigma complex in North America with the description of a new species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) William L. Grogan Jr. Florida State Collection of Arthropods, [email protected] Timothy J. Lysyk Lethbridge Research Centre, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Entomology Commons Grogan, William L. Jr. and Lysyk, Timothy J., "A revision of the biting midges in the Culicoides (Monoculicoides) nubeculosus-stigma complex in North America with the description of a new species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)" (2015). Insecta Mundi. 947. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/947 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0441 A revision of the biting midges in the Culicoides (Monoculicoides) nubeculosus-stigma complex in North America with the description of a new species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) William L. Grogan, Jr. Florida State Collection of Arthropods Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Gainesville, Florida 32614-7100 U.S.A. Timothy J. Lysyk Lethbridge Research Centre 5401-1st Ave. South P. O. Box 3000 Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada Date of Issue: August 28, 2015 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL William L. Grogan, Jr. and Timothy J. Lysyk A revision of the biting midges in the Culicoides (Monoculicoides) nubeculosus- stigma complex in North America with the description of a new species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Insecta Mundi 0441: 1–24 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9BE5B354-D426-4D2F-A56C-CD54649F6CB5 Published in 2015 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, checklists, faunal works, and natural history. Insecta Mundi will not consider works in the applied sciences (i.e. medical entomology, pest control research, etc.), and no longer publishes book reviews or editorials. Insecta Mundi publishes original research or discoveries in an inexpensive and timely manner, distributing them free via open access on the internet on the date of publication. Insecta Mundi is referenced or abstracted by several sources including the Zoological Record, CAB Ab- stracts, etc. Insecta Mundi is published irregularly throughout the year, with completed manuscripts assigned an individual number. Manuscripts must be peer reviewed prior to submission, after which they are reviewed by the editorial board to ensure quality. One author of each submitted manuscript must be a current member of the Center for Systematic Entomology. Chief Editor: Paul E. Skelley, e-mail: [email protected] Assistant Editor: David Plotkin, e-mail: [email protected] Head Layout Editor: Eugenio H. Nearns Editorial Board: J. H. Frank, M. J. Paulsen, Michael C. Thomas Review Editors: Listed on the Insecta Mundi webpage Manuscript Preparation Guidelines and Submission Requirements available on the Insecta Mundi web- page at: http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/insectamundi/ Printed copies (ISSN 0749-6737) annually deposited in libraries: CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia Museu de Zoologia, São Paulo, Brazil Agriculture and Agrifood Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada The Natural History Museum, London, UK Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warsaw, Poland National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL, USA Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Electronic copies (Online ISSN 1942-1354, CDROM ISSN 1942-1362) in PDF format: Printed CD or DVD mailed to all members at end of year. Archived digitally by Portico. Florida Virtual Campus: http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/insectamundi University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Digital Commons: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/ Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-135240 Copyright held by the author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Com- mons, Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Layout Editor for this article: Eugenio H. Nearns 0441: 1–24 2015 A revision of the biting midges in the Culicoides (Monoculicoides) nubeculosus-stigma complex in North America with the description of a new species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) William L. Grogan, Jr. Florida State Collection of Arthropods Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Gainesville, Florida 32614-7100 U.S.A. william.grogan@freshfromfl orida.com Timothy J. Lysyk Lethbridge Research Centre 5401-1st Ave. South P. O. Box 3000 Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada [email protected] Abstract. This revision of the Nearctic biting midges in the Culicoides (Monoculicoides) nubeculosus-stigma complex recognizes four species: C. grandensis Grogan and Phillips, C. riethi Kieffer, C. stigma (Meigen) and C. shemanchuki, new species, from Alberta, Canada and North Dakota, USA. Culicoides stigma is recorded for the fi rst time in the Nearctic region from Alberta, Canada. Culicoides gigas Root and Hoffman is a junior synonym of Culicoides riethi Kieffer (new synonym). A key is provided for the recognition of both sexes of the four North American species in the Culicoides (Monoculicoides) nubeculosus-stigma complex. Key words. Ceratopogoninae, Culicoidini, Nearctic, taxonomy, distribution Introduction Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of the genus Culicoides Latreille are common inhabitants of fresh and saline lentic and lotic ecosystems on all continents except Antarctica and on most large oceanic island groups except New Zealand (Borkent and Wirth 1997). At present, there are 1355 extant species of Culicoides and 46 extinct fossil species (Borkent 2015a), that are included in 31 subgenera, 38 species groups and many other species not assigned to subgenus or species group (Borkent 2015b). The recent Nearctic catalog by Borkent and Grogan (2009) listed 151 species of Culicoides that are known to occur in North America north of Mexico. In most of North America, species of Culicoides are commonly referred to as biting midges, no-see-ums or punkies, whereas in Florida and nearby states they are often called sand fl ies. Many species are pestiferous biters of humans, other mammals and birds, and one Nearctic species, C. testudinalis Wirth and Hubert, obtains blood meals from turtles (Grogan et al. 2009). Several species are vectors of pathogenic viruses, protists and fi larial nematodes (Mellor et al. 2000; Borkent 2004). The subgenus Monoculicoides Khalaf of Culicoides includes two species complexes in North America. The C. (Monoculicoides) variipennis complex, an economically important Nearctic group, was subdivided into fi ve subspecies by Wirth and Jones (1957). However, the ranges of several of their subspecies greatly overlapped by 1000 km or more, which raised serious questions on the validity of this arrangement. The C. variipennis complex was re-examined electrophoretically and morphologically by Holbrook et al. (2000) who demonstrated that this complex is actually composed of three distinct species that ap- parently do not hybridize in nature: C. variipennis (Coquillett), C. sonorensis Wirth and Jones and C. occidentalis Wirth and Jones. Two of the three species in the C. variipennis complex are the primary vectors of two important viral diseases of domestic and wild ruminants in North America: bluetongue, vectored by C. sonorensis to mostly sheep, goats and cattle; and, epizootic hemorrhagic disease, vectored by C. variipennis and C. sonorensis primarily to deer and elk (Borkent 2004). Holbrook et al. (2000) 2 • INSECTA MUNDI 0441, August 2015 GROGAN AND LYSYK provided a key to both sexes of the three species in this complex based on morphological characters, their preferred larval habitats and distributions. Females of C. variipennis are readily distinguished by their slender 3rd palpal segment with a small sensory pit, whereas females of C. sonorensis and C. occidentalis have a broad 3rd palpal segment with a large palpal pit and are presently morphologically indistinguishable. Males of C. sonorensis are unique in possessing numerous spicules on the ventral membrane of their aedeagus. Males of C. variipennis and C. occidentalis lack these spicules and can be diffi cult to distinguish morphologically, however, their respective ranges are nearly mutually exclusive. In
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