Rapport De Stage Adaptation De Maillage En Mécanique Des Fluides

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Rapport De Stage Adaptation De Maillage En Mécanique Des Fluides Rapport de Stage Adaptation de maillage en mécanique des fluides (Collaboration avec EDF) Projet de Fin d’Etudes du 01/03/2018 au 31/08/2018 Soufiane CHERKAOUI Master 2 Calcul Haute Performance, Simulation Encadrants : Gabriel STAFFELBACH & Guillaume DAVILLER Encadrant pédagogique : Stéphane ABIDE Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique 42 Avenue Gaspard Coriolis, 31057 Toulouse Cedex 01, France TABLE DES MATIÈRES Table des matières 1 Remerciements 5 2 Introduction 6 3 Contexte du stage 7 3.1 Cadre de l’entreprise . 7 3.2 Rôle et attentes . 8 3.3 Environnement de travail . 8 3.3.1 Mise en situation . 8 3.3.2 Formations reçues . 8 3.3.3 Collaboration avec EDF . 9 3.3.4 Ressources informatiques du CERFACS . 9 4 Adaptation de maillage pour la simulation LES 11 4.1 Principes et avantages de la LES . 11 4.2 Modélisation numérique utilisant la LES . 11 4.2.1 Codes de calcul : AVBP et Code_Saturne . 11 4.2.2 Outil de visualisation : ParaView . 14 4.3 Etude et mise en oeuvre de l’adaptation de maillage . 14 4.3.1 Terminologie . 15 4.3.2 Maillage et précision numérique des simulations . 15 4.3.3 Métrique et adaptation . 16 4.3.4 Schéma général d’adaptation de maillage . 17 4.3.5 Outil de manipulation de maillage : HIP . 18 5 Description du travail réalisé 20 5.1 LES sur AVBP en proche parois d’un écoulement non réactif turbulent . 20 5.1.1 Configuration de la plaque à orifice à bords carrés . 20 5.1.2 Coefficient de décharge et de perte de pression . 21 5.1.3 Maillage initial et conditions aux limites . 21 5.1.4 Mise en données sur AVBP . 23 5.1.5 Intérêts de la parallélisation et lancement de la simulation sur AVBP . 25 5.1.6 Analyse et post-traitement des calculs . 27 5.1.7 Métrique et adaptation sous HIP . 31 5.1.8 Simulation après premier et deuxième niveau d’adaptation de maillage . 32 5.2 LES sur Code Saturne en proche parois d’un écoulement non réactif turbulent . 36 5.2.1 Mise en données sur Code Saturne . 36 5.2.2 Maillage initial et conditions aux limites . 38 5.2.3 Analyse et post-traitement des calculs . 39 5.2.4 Limitations et perspectives . 42 5.3 Simulation d’un écoulement 3D non réactif . 43 5.3.1 Maillage initial et conditions aux limites . 43 5.3.2 Mise en données sur AVBP . 45 5.3.3 Simulations sur le maillage initial . 45 5.3.4 Post-traitement temporel . 47 CERFACS Rapport non confidentiel page 1 TABLE DES MATIÈRES 6 Conclusion générale 49 7 Annexes 50 CERFACS Rapport non confidentiel page 2 TABLE DES FIGURES Table des figures 1 Bâtiment du CERFACS . 7 2 Calculateur Nemo LENOVO . 9 3 Calculateur Kraken LENOVO . 10 4 Principale différence entre RANS et LES[5] . 11 5 Simulation LES d’une explosion dans un bâtiment avec AVBP . 12 6 Fichiers d’entrée pour une simulation AVBP . 12 7 Exemple de maillage 2D . 15 8 Adaptation de la carte de France "simple exemple 2D . 16 9 Schéma d’adaptation de maillage . 18 10 Domaine de calcul et mesures géométriques . 20 11 Maillage initial surfacique de la conduite . 22 12 Maillage initial volumique de la conduite . 22 13 Vue interne de la conduite après génération de la solution initiale . 24 14 Evolution temporelle des variables de Navier Stokes après la première simulation . 27 15 Evolution de la masse totale gazeuse à travers les frontières du domaine . 28 16 Visualisation du champ de pression à différents instants de la simulation . 29 17 Visualisation du champ de vitesse à différents instants de la simulation . 29 18 Création de zones de turbulences en aval de la restriction de l’orifice[2] . 30 19 Profile de pression à l’intérieur de la conduite . 30 20 Métrique d’adaptation du maillage initial . 31 21 Comparaison entre maillage initial grossier et maillage après première adaptation . 31 22 Métrique d’adaptation du maillage AD 1 . 32 23 Comparaison entre le maillage initial grossier et le maillage AD 2 . 33 24 Evolution temporelle des variables de Navier Stokes après la simulation AD 1 . 33 25 Evolution temporelle des variables de Navier Stokes après la simulation AD 2 . 34 26 Visualisation des champs de pression et de vitesse à différents instants des 2 simulations 34 27 Profile de pression de la dernière solution moyenne des 2 simulations . 35 28 Interface graphique de paramétrage de calcul sur Code Saturne . 37 29 Maillage initial pour la simulation 1 sur Code Saturne . 38 30 Champs de vitesse et de pression de la simulation 1 . 39 31 Visualisation en coupe longitudinale de la perturbation sur le maillage initial lors de la simulation 1 . 40 32 Profil de pression de la dernière solution moyenne de la simulation 1 . 40 33 Amélioration de la qualité du maillage initial . 41 34 Champs de vitesse et de pression de la simulation 1’ . 41 35 Profil de pression de la dernière solution moyenne de la simulation 1 après améliora- tion de la qualité du maillage . 42 36 Coupe longitudinale de la configuration PRECCINSTA . 43 37 Maillage initial de la configuration PRECCINSTA . 44 38 Visualisation champs de pression et de vitesse à différents instants simulation 1 . 46 39 Visualisation champs de pression et de vitesse à différents instants simulation 2 . 46 40 Evolution temporelle des variables de Navier Stokes après la simulation 1 . 47 41 Evolution temporelle des variables de Navier Stokes sur la simulation complète . 48 CERFACS Rapport non confidentiel page 3 LISTINGS Listings 1 Carte batch de soumission d’une simulation AVBP sur le calculateur NEMO . 26 2 Exemple de carte batch de soumission de job sur NEMO . 50 3 Définition des conditions aux limites dans le fichier (*.asciiBound) . 51 4 Fichier "keywords.in" de règles . 52 5 Fichier "run.params" d’entrées principales . 53 6 Fichier "makesolution.choices" de paramétrage . 54 7 Fichier "gensolutbound.choices" de paramétrage . 55 8 Adaptation de maillage sous HIP . 56 CERFACS Rapport non confidentiel page 4 1 REMERCIEMENTS 1 Remerciements Avant tout développement sur cette expérience professionnelle, il apparaît opportun de com- mencer ce rapport de stage par des remerciements, à ceux qui m’ont beaucoup appris au cours de ce stage, et même à ceux qui ont eu la gentillesse de faire de ce stage un moment très profitable. Je tiens tout d’abord à remercier M. STAFFELBACH Gabriel, chercheur sénior dans l’équipe CFD du CERFACS et mon tuteur de stage qui m’a formé et accompagné tout au long de cette expérience professionnelle avec beaucoup de patience et de pédagogie. Je tiens également à remercier M. DAVILLER Guillaume, également chercheur sénior dans l’équipe CFD du CERFACS pour les informations qu’il m’a apporté, pour les conseils qu’il m’a donné, pour son suivi et sa patience. D’autre part, je tiens à remercier tout particulièrement Mme LABADENS Marie, assistante administratives et secrétaire de l’équipe CFD pour l’aide et les conseils pratiques qu’elle a pu me prodiguer au cours de ces six mois de stage. Enfin, je remercie tous les membres de l’équipe CFD du CERFACS pour leur accueil chaleureux, leur gentillesse et leur bonne humeur générale. Ce travail sera examiné et évalué par mes chers professeurs, qu’ils soient vivement remerciés pour avoir accepté de faire partie du Jury. J’exprime ma très haute considération et mes vifs remerciements à tous mes enseignants du Département LAMPS et DALI pour les enseignements qu’ils m’ont prodigués tout au long de ces deux années de formation en Master Calcul Haute Performance, Simulation. CERFACS Rapport non confidentiel page 5 2 INTRODUCTION 2 Introduction Du 01/03/2018 au 31/08/2018, j’ai effectué mon stage de fin d’études au Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS) au coeur du campus Météo France de Toulouse. Au cours de ce stage orienté recherche au sein de l’équipe "Computational Fluid Dynamics" (CFD) du CERFACS, j’ai pu m’intéresser à un aspect particulièrement important dans la simulation de phénomènes liés à la mécanique des fluides, à savoir l’adaptation de maillage. Plus largement, ce stage a été l’opportunité pour moi d’appréhender plusieurs enseignements dans le domaine de la mécanique des fluides numériques, et ce, au plus près de l’équipe CFD du CER- FACS, qui, forte de ses compétences techniques de haut niveau et de sa grande notoriété au sein de la communauté scientifique européene et internationale, est en mesure de réaliser des projets de recherche d’envergure. Tout au long de ce stage, j’ai travaillé sur un processus itératif qui consiste à modéliser de façon géométrique un domaine en le discrétisant par des éléments proportionnés finis et bien définis, "le maillage", puis à modifier localement la taille et l’orientation de ce maillage, en tenant compte des propriétés physiques en rapport avec la mécanique des fluides afin de simuler les écoulements de fluides à l’intérieur de configurations industrielles, générant ainsi un meilleur maillage pour un problème donné et un nombre fixe de degrés de liberté. Mon maître de stage étant chercheur sénior en mécanique des fluides numériques, j’ai pu apprendre dans d’excellentes conditions. J’ai donc été amené à construire des maillages, à travailler sur des codes de calculs CFD parallèles auxquels j’ai été formé, et à faire de l’adaptation de maillage à l’aide de modules adaptatifs intégrés dans ces codes de calculs. Au-delà d’enrichir mes connaissances en simulation numérique, ce stage m’a permis de com- prendre le besoin récurrent de simuler les phénomènes de mécanique des fluides toujours plus com- plexes, aussi bien dans le secteur aéronautique, que dans l’enérgie ou l’environnement.
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