MODULE 2: INFRASTRUCTURE FAMILIARIZATION MODULE 2 TYPES of OFF-ROAD SIGNS Prohibitory Signs Warning Signs Prohibitory Signs Show Actions That Are Disallowed

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MODULE 2: INFRASTRUCTURE FAMILIARIZATION MODULE 2 TYPES OF OFF-ROAD SIGNS Prohibitory Signs Warning Signs Prohibitory Signs show actions that are disallowed. Disobeying Warning Signs are used to warn riders of possible dangers ahead. these signs is punishable by law. Riders should follow these signs for their own safety.

“No Riding” Riding is not allowed in “Go Slow and Give Way To Pedestrians” this area. Areas where Slow down and give way to pedestrians. riding is prohibited include pedestrian overhead bridges “Watch Out For Vehicles” Slow down and look out for approaching vehicles. “Pedestrian or Cyclist Crossing Prohibition” Pedestrians and riders are “Slow” not allowed to cross at this Slow down and ride cautiously beyond location. Use the crossing the sign. ahead instead. “Caution – Low Headroom” Be cautious of the low headroom ahead.

“Slope Ahead – Slow Down” Slow down and take caution on the slope ahead. MODULE 2 TYPES OF OFF-ROAD SIGNS Advisory Signs Information Signs/Markings/Signals Advisory Signs educate path users on proper shared path Information Signs help to inform you and direct you along the etiquette. Riders should follow these signs for a safer ride. cycling path to points of interest.

“Stay on Track” “Cyclist Crossing” Segregated pedestrian and cycling paths are provided. Stay on your respective paths.

“Bicycle Crossing with ‘Stop’ or ‘Look’ box” “Shared Track” Riders should use the bicycle The path is to be shared by both riders crossing provided. Riders are and pedestrians. Riders are to keep left to wait behind the solid yellow and give way to pedestrians when line when waiting for the lights riding. to turn green.

“Bicycle Crossing Signal Lights” Proceed when the Green Bicycle lights up.

Do NOT attempt to cross when the Red Bicycle lights up or when the Green Bicycle light is flashing. MODULE 2 TYPES OF PATHS

Footpath

Cycling Path Shared path

Types of Paths Footpath Footpaths do not have any markings or treatments and are generally grey in colour. They are commonly found all around Singapore connecting pedestrians from one location to another. Cycling path Cycling paths are identified by a bicycle logo and are dedicated paths segregating riders from pedestrians. Riders should stay on the cycling path and avoid riding on the pedestrian path. Shared path Shared paths allow for pedestrians and riders to travel on the same path. Riders are to keep left when riding on these paths and give way to pedestrians at all times. MODULE 2 OFF-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS

Cycling path

Shared/Cycling Path Ground Markings Ground markings provide riders with information on the type of path they are on. Path Identifiers Path Identifiers such as the path’s name or colour help to inform riders that they are on a shared/cycling path. Park Connector Networks, which are shared paths, are typically identified with the PCN logo imprinted onto the path while riding paths are coloured in red. Mileage Marking Mileage Markings inform path users on the distance to the destination as indicated on the marking. Speed Regulating Strips Shared path Speed Regulating Strips help to reduce the rider’s speed such as on downhill sections of a path, before approaching a junction or potential areas of conflict with pedestrians or motorists. MODULE 2 OFF-ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE Map Boards High Pedestrian Traffic Areas Map Boards are commonly found along Park Connector High pedestrian traffic areas are locations where there is high Networks or cycling paths. They provide information on your number of pedestrians and increased pedestrian-rider interaction, current position, the surrounding area and show you different such as bus stops. routes that are available in the vicinity.

Map Boards also provide information on the nearby amenities, rest areas, emergency services, etc.

Speed regulating strips and ‘LOOK’ ground markings help inform both riders and pedestrians that they are entering into a high pedestrian traffic area and to keep alert when crossing. MODULE 2 OFF-ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE

Bicycle Parking Wayfinding Signage

Bicycle Parking Map provides cyclists an overview of the bicycle Bicycle Parking Directional Signage aims to direct cyclists to the parking lots found at the MRT station and informs cyclists of bicycle lots further or hidden from the MRT entrance. alternative bicycle parking bays. They can be found at 5 MRT stations: Admiralty, Bishan, Kallang, Lorong Chuan and MacPherson.

These signs aim to address the problem of indiscriminate bicycle parking by creating awareness of bicycle parking locations. MODULE 2 TYPES OF OFF-ROAD CROSSINGS Signalised Crossings

Bicycle Traffic Light Crossings have bicycle crossings for riders who should keep left and stay within the bicycle crossing when crossing the road. Riders must stop and look out for approaching vehicles before crossing the road Bicycle Traffic Light at walking speed. Crossings Bicycle Crossing Bicycle Crossing Instruction Sign button Signalised Pedestrian Crossings do NOT have dedicated cycling lanes, thus riders should keep to the left, and ride in an orderly manner when Pedestrian Traffic crossing the road. Riders must stop and look Light Crossings out for approaching vehicles before crossing the road at walking speed. Always look out and give way to pedestrians who are crossing with you.

Riders are to obey the traffic light signals, denoted by ‘green’ and ‘red’ signal lights.

Pedestrian Crossing Pedestrian Instruction Sign Crossing button MODULE 2 TYPES OF OFF-ROAD CROSSINGS Non-Signalised Crossings

Informal Crossings can be found at Marked Non-Signalised Crossings, junctions where a footpath or cycling such as zebra crossings, are path intersects with a road. Common indicated by thick solid white lines types of informal crossings include on the road and, flashing yellow carpark accesses, indicated by a green beacons with a blue pedestrian carpark sign as shown on the right, and crossing. minor road junctions within neighbourhoods which do NOT have Riders must stop and look out for Pedestrian any indication or marking. approaching traffic before crossing Crossing Sign the road at walking speed. Riders must stop and look out for approaching vehicles before riding HDB carpark across the crossing. access sign MODULE 2 TYPES OF OFF-ROAD CROSSINGS Underpasses

Riding is allowed through underpasses unless there is a ‘No Riding’ sign. Please exercise caution around underpasses and take note of low headroom, blind spots and steep ramps.

For underpasses with cycling lanes, riders should stay within the provided cycling lanes. For underpasses without cycling lanes, riders should keep left and ride in an orderly manner.

Riders should slow down and ride at a walking speed when entering into underpasses and keep a look out for pedestrians and other path users. MODULE 2 TYPES OF OFF-ROAD CROSSINGS Pedestrian Overhead Bridges

Riding is not allowed on all pedestrian overhead bridges and their connecting ramps. Riding is also not allowed on bridges where there is a ‘No Riding’ sign.

On bridges where riding is not allowed, you should dismount and push your device. Offenders are liable to pay a fine.

For Pedestrian Overhead Bridges with wheeling ramps, riders For Pedestrian Overhead Bridges without wheeling ramps, riders should use the wheeling ramps to push their device up the bridge. should carry their bicycles up the bridge. Push your device across Do NOT ride across the overhead bridge but push it across. the overhead bridge. Do NOT ride across the overhead bridge. How to use the Wheeling Ramp:

Tilt the device slightly towards you and Push the device up while holding When going down, hold the handlebar keep the pedals away from the railings on to the handlebar and seat. with both hands and be prepared to apply brakes if necessary. MODULE 2 TYPES OF OFF-ROAD CROSSINGS Ramps leading to Pedestrian Overhead Bridges Bicycle Bridges

Bicycle bridges have dedicated pedestrian and bicycle lanes, demarcated by ground markings. Ride within the demarcated bicycle path in an orderly manner for your own safety. Pedestrian Overhead Bridge with ramps leading up to the top of Riders should dismount and push their devices if they find that the the bridge are constructed for the mobility-challenged and are not slope of the incline for any part of the bicycle bridge is too steep. meant for riding. Do NOT ride across these bridges. Do NOT continue riding on an incline if your steering starts to wobble before you reach the top. Riders should dismount and push their devices when crossing these bridges. Maintain control of your device and your speed when going downslope. MODULE 2 ON-ROAD SIGNAGE Mandatory Signs Mandatory signs are meant for all on-road users, including road cyclists, to follow. Disobeying these signs is a prosecutable offence.

“STOP” “GIVE WAY” Stop before the WHITE line. Give way to Slow down and stop if necessary. Give traffic from the right and the left. way to traffic on major road.

“LEFT TURN ON RED” • Indicate your intention to turn Stop at the Red Light and give way to “STOP-CHILDREN” • Stop and look out for pedestrians pedestrians crossing crossing the road. • Give way to traffic approaching from the right • Look out for left-turning vehicles behind you • Proceed only when it is safe to do so.

TURN TURN AHEAD RIGHT PASS EITHER SIDE RIGHT ONLY AHEAD You may pass on either side of the road. Use the appropriate hand signals to indicate to other road users on your intent to keep left TURN TURN or right. LEFT KEEP LEFT AHEAD LEFT MODULE 2 ON-ROAD SIGNAGE Prohibitory Signs Warning Signs Prohibitory Signs are used to prohibit specific kinds of actions. Warning Signs are used to warn on-road users of the possible Disobeying these signs is a prosecutable offence. dangers ahead. Cyclists should slow down and proceed cautiously after seeing these signs.

NO ENTRY BEND TO THE LEFT AHEAD Slow down and keep left. Do NOT overtake, U-turn or park/stop your bicycle.

NO RIGHT TURN

BEND TO THE RIGHT AHEAD Slow down and keep left. Do NOT overtake, U-turn or park/stop your bicycle. NO LEFT TURN

DOUBLE BEND AHEAD Slow down and keep left. Do NOT overtake, U-turn NO OVERTAKING or park/stop your bicycle.

CROSS ROADS AHEAD Slow down. Beware of traffic when NO ENTRY TO MOTORCYCLES AND PEDAL CYCLES approaching the junction. (including bicycle and electric bicycles) MODULE 2 ON-ROAD SIGNAGE

ROUNDABOUT AHEAD T-JUNCTION AHEAD Give way to traffic on the right. Keep a look Slow down. Give way to traffic from the right out for vehicles that are changing lanes to and the left. exit, are too large or are travelling too fast.

SIDE ROAD TO THE LEFT AHEAD STAGGERED JUNCTION, LEFT TURN FIRST Slow down. Beware of vehicles joining from AHEAD the left. Be extra cautious when your vision Slow down. Beware of vehicles joining from is being obstructed by trees or signs. the right and the left.

SIDE ROAD TO THE RIGHT AHEAD TWO WAY TRAFFIC AHEAD Slow down. Beware of vehicles joining from Slow down and keep left. Beware of the right. Be extra cautious when your vision oncoming traffic. is being obstructed by trees or signs.

Y-JUNCTION Slow down. Use the TWO WAY TRAFFIC ON A ONE WAY appropriate hand signals to CARRAIGEWAY AHEAD indicate to other road users Slow down. Beware of traffic joining from on your intent to keep left the right and the left. or right.

TRAFFIC MERGES FROM THE LEFT AHEAD MERGE AHEAD Slow down. Beware of traffic joining from Slow down. Beware of traffic merging from the left. the right or the left. MODULE 2 ON-ROAD SIGNAGE

ROAD NARROWS ON RIGHT AHEAD TRAFFIC SIGNALS AHEAD Slow down. Do NOT overtake, U-turn or park Slow down. Beware of traffic lights changing. your bicycle. Obey the traffic light rules.

ROAD NARROWS ON LEFT AHEAD PEDESTRAIN CROSSING AHEAD Slow down. Do NOT overtake, U-turn or park Slow down. Stop for pedestrians at your bicycle. designated crossings.

ROAD NARROWS ON BOTH SIDES AHEAD EXPRESSWAY AHEAD Slow down. Do NOT overtake, U-turn or park Do NOT enter. Cycling is prohibited on your bicycle. expressways.

VEHICLE BREAKDOWN DUAL CARRAIGEWAY ENDS AHEAD Slow down and stop if necessary and prepare Slow down and keep left. Beware of merging to overtake stalled vehicle by using the traffic. appropriate hand signals.

U-TURN AHEAD SLIPPERY ROAD AHEAD Slow down and stop if necessary. Beware of Slow down and cycle carefully. on-coming traffic. MODULE 2 ON-ROAD SIGNAGE

UNEVEN ROAD AHEAD Slow down and keep left. Do NOT overtake. HORSES OR PONIES AHEAD Slow down and stop if necessary. Beware of animals.

ROAD HUMP AHEAD Slow down and keep left. Do NOT overtake. LOW FLYING AIRCRAFT AHEAD Beware of sudden noise from low flying aircraft. STEEP HILL UPWARDS AHEAD Keep left and change to a lower gear. Dismount and push your bicycle by the left side of the road if necessary. ELDERLY OR HANDICAPPED PEDESTRIANS AHEAD Slow down. Keep a look out for mobility- STEEP HILL DOWNWARDS AHEAD impaired or elderly pedestrians crossing the Keep left and change to a lower gear. road. Maintain control of the speed of your bicycle and do NOT free-wheel.

RAISED ZEBRA CROSSING Slow down. Stop for pedestrians QUAYSIDE OR RIVER BANK AHEAD crossing at the raised zebra crossing. Slow down. Beware of road ending ahead. MODULE 2 ON-ROAD SIGNAGE Regulatory Signs Regulatory Signs are used to help regulate traffic movement on the carriageway. DETOUR

Sharp Deviation Slow down and cycle in the direction indicated. REDUCE SPEED NOW

ONE WAY TRAFFIC One-directional movement along this road. KEEP LEFT UNLESS OVERTAKING Beware of vehicles joining the traffic from Keep and stay to the left side of the road and the left and the right. leave the outermost right lane for overtaking vehicles.

ROAD WORKS AHEAD ONE WAY STREET TO THE LEFT Slow down and beware of obstruction ahead One way street begins from this sign. Beware due to road works. of vehicles turning into the one way street.

SINGLE LANE TRAFFIC Slow down and give way as traffic converges into a single lane. CURVE ALIGNMENT MARKER Slow down and cycle carefully at bends. DETOUR AHEAD 50M Slow down and get ready to detour ahead. MODULE 2 ON-ROAD SIGNAGE Information Signs Information Signs provide useful information to cyclists and other motorists on the carriageway. RAIN SHELTER Rain shelter for motorcyclists and on-road NO THROUGH ROAD ON SIDE ROAD TO RIGHT cyclists. Road on the right does not lead to another road.

WHITE WALKING STICKS NO THROUGH ROAD Slow down and be prepared to stop. Give Road ahead ends within a short distance. way to visually-impaired pedestrians in the area.

U-TURN U-turn is available ahead. Filter into the TRAFFIC SIGNAL OPERATING HOURS appropriate lane in preparation of U-turning Traffic Signals are operational only during the movement. stated hours.

START OF EXPRESSWAY Look out for and avoid entering into the expressway. Bicycles are NOT allowed on expressways. SPEED REGULATING STRIPS AHEAD Slow down. PEDESTRIAN CROSSING Keep a look out for pedestrians crossing. Slow down to a stop if there are pedestrians crossing or about to cross the road. MODULE 2 ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS Directional Arrow Markings

Directional arrows on the lanes of the carriageway indicate the direction where motorists or on-road cyclists can move to.

Merging Arrows

Merging arrows indicate that two traffic lanes are merging into one traffic lane. Alternate vehicles from the two lanes have the right-of-way into the single lane. On-road cyclists are to keep a look out for in-coming vehicles from the rear and the side when entering the merged lane. MODULE 2 ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS Zebra Crossings Markings

White Zig-Zag Lines by Side of the Road

White Zig-Zag Lines by Side of the Road White zig-zag lines by the side of the road indicate that there is a pedestrian crossing ahead. On-road cyclists must slow down and be prepared to stop to allow for pedestrians and riders to cross the road.

Zebra Crossing Lines Thick, solid white lines across the road indicate a zebra crossing. On-road cyclists must slow down and be prepared to stop to allow for pedestrians and riders to cross the road.

Zebra Crossing Lines ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE Raised Zebra Crossings Markings

Raised Zebra Crossing Lines Thick, solid white lines with yellow and black checkered boxes by the side indicate a raised zebra crossing. On-road cyclists must slow down and be prepared to stop to allow for pedestrians and riders to cross the road. Beware of the raised hump. ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE Signalised Crossings Markings and Infrastructure Traffic Lights Traffic Lights indicate whether you can proceed to move and make the crossing or not. Traffic Lights

Green Light/Arrow Amber Light/Arrow Red Light/Arrow Look out for any in-coming Slow down and be Stop and do not proceed traffic. Only proceed when prepared to stop. it is safe to do so.

Bus Signal Priority Flashing Amber Lights A green “B” light Flashing amber lights indicates a bus signal indicate that there are priority. Only buses are traffic lights ahead. On- allowed to proceed road cyclists must slow when the green “B” down and be prepared to lights up. stop. Parallel Dashed White Lines

Parallel Dashed White Lines Parallel dashed white lines indicate a dedicated pedestrian crossing. On-road cyclists should give way to pedestrians who are crossing the signalised crossing when the “Green Man” lights up. ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE Pedestrian Crossing Ahead Markings

Pedestrian Crossing Ahead Markings

Pedestrian Crossing Ahead Markings The triangular shaped marking as shown in the diagram above indicates that there is a zebra crossing ahead. On-road cyclists must slow down and be prepared to stop to allow for pedestrians to cross the road. ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE Bus Lane Markings

Full-Day Bus Lane Normal Bus Lane

Full-Day Bus Lane: Monday to Saturday – 7:30am to 11:00pm A red and yellow line on a lane of the road indicates a full-day bus lane. On-road cyclists should cycle in a single file when cycling in the bus lane during bus lane operating hours and be extra cautious when there is heavy bus traffic. 7:30am to 9:30am Normal Bus Lane: Monday to Friday – 5:00pm to 8:00pm A yellow line on a lane of the road indicates a normal bus lane. On-road cyclists should cycle in a single file when cycling in the bus lane during bus lane operating hours and be extra cautious when there is heavy bus traffic. ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE Road Markings found at Bus Stops under ‘Bus Priority Box’ Scheme

Bus Priority Box Give-Way Give-Way Lines Triangle

Bus Priority Box, Give Way lines and Give Way Triangle marking Give way triangle markings, give way lines and a yellow box with an arrow placed at the exit of a bus bay indicates a mandatory give-way to buses area.

On-road cyclists should slow down upon approaching the first give way triangle marking and look out for buses exiting the bus bay. On-road cyclists shall come to a complete stop after the second give way triangle marking and before the give way lines to give way to buses exiting the bus bay.

On-road cyclists may continue cycling onwards after all buses have fully exited the bus bay and when there are no more buses exiting the bus bay. ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE Road Markings found at Bus Stops

Enhanced Chevron Zone at Bus-Stop Separator Red and white Bus-stop separator areas indicate an enhanced chevron zone. The enhanced chevron zone alerts motorists and on-road cyclists that buses may be exiting from the bus bay. On-road cyclists should not enter the enhanced chevron zone and look out for buses exiting the bus bay. ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE Road Markings on at Road Junctions

Parallel Broken White Lines Single Solid White Line

Parallel Broken White Lines Single Solid White Line 2 rows of parallel broken white lines indicate the end of a minor A single solid white line indicates a stop line. On-road cyclists must junction as it joins into the major road. stop before the line and look out for traffic along the adjacent road.

On-road cyclists should slow down and be prepared to stop when approaching. On-road cyclists shall give way to traffic on the major road. ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE Road Markings on at Road Junctions (cont’d)

Right-Turn Pocket

Yellow Box

Yellow Box Right-Turn Pocket A yellow box as shown in the diagram above indicates that Broken white lines that form a box extending from a right turning motorists are not allowed to stop or wait in this box. On-road lane as shown in the diagram above indicates a right-turn pocket. cyclists on the major road should not stop within the yellow box when traffic comes to a standstill. Keep a look out for vehicles On-road cyclists turning right at junctions with right-turn pockets turning out from the minor road when crossing the yellow box. should stay within the pocket while waiting for on-coming traffic to clear up before proceeding to turn right when it is safe to do so. ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE – SCHOOL ZONE

School Zones indicate areas around schools where motorists and There will be various traffic signs to inform cyclists and motorists cyclists have to be mindful of students. They are identified by the that they are entering into a school zone, as shown below. “School Zone” signs at the start and end of the zone. “SLOW” and “SCHOOL” road markings as well as red textured road surfaces help to alert motorists that they are approaching a school zone.

Red Textured Road Surface

Start/End of School Zone Slow down and stop if necessary. Keep a look out for children walking or crossing the road.

When cycling through a school zone, keep a look out for vehicles entering and exiting the school’s vehicle accesses. Be mindful of passengers/drivers alighting from cars parked along the roadside.

“40 km/h When Lights Flash” Sign This sign is placed at the start of a demarcated Enhanced School Zone (with reduced speed limit).

It indicates that the section of road ahead fronts a primary/special school and that vehicles shall not travel at more than 40 km per hour in the school zone when the accompanying amber lights are flashing alternately. ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE – SILVER ZONE

Silver Zones indicate areas which have received road safety Traffic signs located at the entrance into Silver Zones inform improvements due to a larger population of seniors living in those cyclists that they entering a special zone. particular areas. Cyclists in these zones should be alert to senior pedestrians and reduce speeds. Cyclists should observe the posted speed limit within Silver Zone where sign and road markings will be implemented to indicate the Informal Crossings speed limit. Road markings, such as three yellow rumble strips, are placed at help reduce the cyclists’ speed when entering Silver Zones. locations to facilitate pedestrian Yellow Rumble Strips crossing activities without impeding traffic efficiency. At Informal these crossings, vehicles have the Crossings right-of-way.

Traffic calming road Chicanes improvements such as chicanes and reduction of lane widths can be found in Silver Zones.

Chicanes Chicanes comprises of a series Silver Zone Senior of S-shaped curves, motorists Sign Pedestrians are encourage to drive slowly and carefully. Cyclists should be alert of such infrastructure and 40km/h Speed position themselves in the Limit sign centre of the lane for their own End of Silver Beyond this safety. Zone Sign sign, do not exceed 40kmh.