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San Jose Astronomical Association Membership Form SJAA EPHEMERIS Tonight’s Top 10 List: Elements in Abundance Carbon, the next most abundant Quick, what are the ten most in the Sun. element, are both created by fusing (or abundant elements in the Galaxy? After Hydrogen and Helium show up as “burning”) Helium. Guessing number 1 isn’t difficult. We 1-2 in the Periodic Chart of Elements At this point, if we are guessing the #5 know Hydrogen was created in the Big and also in actual abundance, it is element on our top 10 list, we might be Bang and it is still everywhere you look. tempting to keep going down the chart. tempted to look at Neon. Once a star Since Hydrogen is fused into Helium, it But that would be wrong. Lithium is finishes fusing Helium it will start fusing is natural to pick Helium as #2. That’s most likely another Big Bang product Carbon into Neon. That turns out to correct but probably most of the but rarely. Knowing that, you would be be correct. If instead, you were thinking helium in the Galaxy was formed in the wise to skip over Beryllium and Boron. that CHON is the formula for life, Big Bang. Although Helium is found Carbon, anyone? Nope. Oxygen is twice Nitrogen must be high on the list. It is, on earth it was actually first discovered as abundant as Carbon. Oxygen and #6 to be exact and nearly as abundant as Neon. Nitrogen is actually created as SJAA Activities Calendar one of the less likely by-products of Jim Van Nuland Hydrogen fusing. April So, with the six most abundant 1 Houge Park star party. Sunset 6:31 28 ATM Class at Houge Park. 7:30 p.m. elements we have everything we need p.m., 45% moon rise 2:19 a.m. Star 29 Astronomy class at Houge Park. 7:30 for life, balloons and advertising signs. party hours: 7:30 p.m. to 10:30 p.m. What’s #7. Magnesium, the 12th p.m. 29 Houge Park star party. Sunset 7:56 element in the Periodic Table which is 1 Astronomy class at Houge Park. p.m., 60% moon rise 2:07 a.m. Star created by Neon and Carbon burning. Next comes Silicon. In the #9 position 7:30 p.m. Akkana Peck on the party hours: 9:00 p.m. to midnight. we find Iron, the heaviest and last planets. 30 Dark sky weekend. Sunset 7:57 p.m., element that any sun will create 48% moon rise 2:49 a.m. 2 Dark sky weekend. Sunset 6:31 through fusion. Everything heavier May p.m., 30% moon rise 4:08 a.m. DST May than Iron is only created in the 3 DST begins. Advance Clock at 2 7 Dark sky weekend. Sunset 8:03 p.m., supernovae explosion itself. In fact, it is a.m. to 3 a.m. 0% moon rise 6:06 a.m. the creation of Iron that triggers the 9 Dark sky weekend. Sunset 7:38 13 Houge Park star party. Sunset 8:08 supernova. The number #10 element is p.m., 2% moon sets 8:56 p.m. p.m., 30% moon sets 1:21 a.m. Star Sulphur. Silicon and Sulphur are created 15 Houge Park star party. Sunset 7:43 party hours: 9:00 to midnight during Oxygen burning. p.m., 46% moon sets 2:49 a.m. Star 14 ATM class at Houge Park. 7:30 p.m party hours: 8:30 p.m. to 11:30 21 General meeting. 8 p.m. So that’s your top 10 list of the most p.m. Astronomy Day. 26 ATM class at Houge Park. 7:30 p.m common elements in the Galaxy. 16 ATM Class at Houge Park. 7:30 27 Houge Park star party. Sunset 8:19 Hydrogen and Helium are spread p.m. p.m., 74% moon rise 0:48 a.m. Star throughout the Galaxy as the result of the Big Bang. The others need a 24 Auction XXV – SJAA/Bay Area party hours: 9:30 to midnight supernovae to populate the Galaxy. Astronomical Auction starts at 28 Dark sky weekend. Sunset 8:20 p.m., Information for this article came from noon. No general meeting in 63% moon rise 1:25 a.m. http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/ April. supernova/#BM82 which in turn came from Ken Croswell’s book “Alchemy of 24 hour news and information hotline: (408) 559-1221 the Heavens” (Doubleday 1996). http://www.sjaa.net Copyright © 2005 San Jose Astronomical Association, Inc. Volume 16 Number 4 Official publication of the San Jose Astronomical Association, April 2005 Shingletown Star Party The Stars of Orion Richard Ozer Paul Kohlmiller The rain is nearly over... in fact the April is the one of the last months for now burning helium into oxygen and skies have just cleared over Northern viewing the Orion constellation. In fact, carbon. California (for a few hours anyhow). you have probably been looking at it for That means it’s time to start thinking the last few months (or you would The stars of Orion’s belt are, from left to about SUMMER STAR PARTIES!!! have, weather permitting). So this article right, Alnitak, Alnilam and Mintaka. The points out a few things you might not three stars are similar. They are all blue- And if it didn’t pop into your head know about the major stars in Orion. white giants that will eventually right away, it’s a particularly good supernova. They appear to be nearly time to start thinking about the The closest of the major stars in Orion is equal in magnitude so the intrinsically SHINGLETOWN STAR PARTY. Saiph. Don’t know Saiph ? It’s down by brightest would have to be the one the left foot of the hunter. It is 720 light furthest away. That would be Alnilam This is SSP’s 4th year. Located just 17 years away. Betelgeuse is about 450 around 1300 lights years distant. Alnitak miles from Mt. Lassen, the light years distant. If Betelgeuse was is 870 light years away and Mintaka is Shingletown Star Party is a fun and located where the Sun is, Earth, Mars 915 light years distant. All of these stars unique event, drawing hundreds of and possibly Jupiter would amateur astronomers from around be inside the star. Betelgeuse the western US. The event is held at will eventually explode as a the Shingletown Airport (don’t nova or supernova. When worry... no airplanes) boasting dark will this occur? Some say it skies and lots of daytime activities as could happen tomorrow, well. others say it will be millions This years event will be held from of years. Should you check Wednesday July 6th through Monday with your insurance July 11th. Registration is now open! company? Probably not. To register or to get more Betelgeuse is about 400 light information, visit years away and a supernova www.shingletownstarparty.org. would have to be within 100 light years to be a serious Feel free to download the flyer at threat. Although we think of http:// Betelgeuse as the left shoulder of Orion, the name www.shingletownstarparty.org/ Photo of Orion by Matthew Spinelli, a five minute exposure on film through ssp.2005.flyer.pdf. means something closer to a small scope. Labels by the author. armpit. were formed from the same interstellar Directions to Houge Park Bellatrix is 240 light years away, close cloud that also is the source of the enough that it seems unlikely to have Great Nebula in Orion. Houge (rhymes with “Yogi”) Park is been formed from the same cloud of in San Jose, near Campbell and Los dust that created most of the Orion The Great Nebula is also called M42 and Gatos. From Hwy. 17, take the Camden stars. Bellatrix is probably the only one M43, magnificent views of a stellar Avenue exit. Go east 0.4 miles, and turn of Orion’s major stars that won’t nursery and a star party favorite. At a right at the light, onto Bascom Avenue. explode at some point in time. It is recent star party a young observer said At the next light, turn left onto Woodard found at the right shoulder of Orion. that it looked like cotton candy. Not a Road. At the first stop sign, turn right Rigel is actually the brightest star in bad description. The nebula is further onto Twilight Drive. Go three blocks, Orion despite the designation “Beta from earth than the other stars we cross Sunrise Drive, then turn left into the Orionis”. At a SJAA meeting I asked a mentioned, 1500-1800 light years away. park. question about planet formation The four bright stars in the center, the From Hwy. 85, take the Bascom around large stars using Rigel as an trapezium, have actually blown out a Avenue exit. Go north, and turn right at example. The answer is that Rigel is so hole in the nebula that let’s us see inside. the first traffic light, onto White Oaks large and powerful, it blew away the rest The trapezium is actually a multiple star Road. At the first stop sign, turn left onto of its protoplanetary disk. In fact, Rigel system designated as Theta Orionis. Twilight Drive. You will now be passing is probably a dying star having the park. Turn right at the first driveway, exhausted its supply of hydrogen and is See sources for this article in the HTML into the parking lot. version of the Ephemeris.
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