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POETRY AS A REPRESENTATIVE ART : AN ESSAY IN COMPARATIVE AESTHETICS (CLASSIC REPRINT) PDF, EPUB, EBOOK George Lansing Raymond | 380 pages | 23 Dec 2018 | Forgotten Books | 9780364590560 | English | none Poetry as a Representative Art : An Essay in Comparative Aesthetics (Classic Reprint) PDF Book Rhythm, again, was given us from the same entities as a help to the same intent, for in most of us our condition is lacking in measure and poor in grace. Eichner, H. As Raymond Williams reminds us:. Socrates cites Tynnichus, author of only one passable poem, which was a tribute to the Muses d. Socrates describes iron rings hanging in straight lines or branching: Although each ring may have more than a single ring dependent upon it, no ring is said to hang from more than one. In this way the contact artists were always conflating form and subject. Must a poetry or cultural critic be forced to choose between an interest in form with its implied anti-cultural-studies stance and the desire to understand the historical conditions, social and aesthetic, of the production of a poem? That said, I do not propose to rely very much on such periodizing terms for the remainder of this essay, lest they suggest implicit value judgments about the superiority of the Modern over the Victorian, etc. The ambiguity seen also in Aristophanes lets Socrates deploy more than one argument against the presentation of characters. Plato: Phaedrus , with introduction and notes, Indianapolis: Hackett. It is added that this is true in particular of the human soul, which implies that a soul which possesses kosmos is wise and good. And it is equally to be remarked that even in the passage of Laws no recourse is made to the metaphor of drama or the theatre. Alongside villains one finds women, slaves, animals, musical instruments, gears and pulleys, and sounds of water. But Plato exempts hymns to gods and encomia of heroes from even his harshest condemnation of poetry Republic a. It is therefore mistaken, he argues more explicitly in III B 2, a21 ff. Norton, By juxtaposing form, sociohistorical context, and poetic subjectivity, it questions customary methodological, literary-historical, and disciplinary practices and assumptions—such as the supposed dichotomy between cultural-studies approaches and formal literary analysis. Painting can serve as a good illustration for all these cases since the most obvious and typical way of producing an image is precisely to produce a picture, especially a portrait. Citations are to the Wallace and Marks volume. Like the image in a cubist painting the representation is fragmented: sharply different kinds of words and statements are juxtaposed without connectives. One would think that things are different now, in the wake of multiculturalism and the changes wrought by the canon wars. Bell and Sons, Haym, R. Further, by treating the imitative arts as a sort of play, Plato seems to be admitting that their products do not possess any use or any instrumentality in view of something good. Plato therefore hates to acknowledge that poems contain any beauty. And this is a reason why the activity of the poets must be submitted to a stricter political control than that of other artists. Dorian uses a mirror to compare himself to the painting one that Lord Henry gave him and seems to take pleasure in his corruption: " There are only two passages by ancient authors that can be quoted and are usually quoted by scholars in this connection as offering some support, but they cannot be used without reservations. The poetry is almost never taught—except perhaps in specialized Asian American literature courses, but even then not so much. He in fact does nothing but imitate what is produced by e. Williams himself clarifies this issue in the essay "French Painting. The Ion says far from enough to settle the question. Poetry as a Representative Art : An Essay in Comparative Aesthetics (Classic Reprint) Writer What the new city really does not want is the presentation of base types, because acting such parts fosters the behaviors that are found in the persons being mimicked c—e. Harmony, having motions akin sungeneis to the revolutions of the soul within us, has been given by the Muses to him whose dealings with them is guided by intelligence, not for irrational pleasure hedone alogos , which appears now to be its utility, but as an ally against the disharmony that has come into the revolution of the soul, to bring it into order and consonance sumphonia with itself. His coat of sea- green spotted muslin was caught in at the waist by a scarlet sash with scalloped edges, and frilled out over the hips for about six inches. Anything that flies against anything that moves. Oxford UP, In fact the parallel concerns the emotive aspect see above, ch. Search Start Search. One may question his concern with faithfulness to the original, which cannot be defended in this way if the original is not itself beautiful, but one cannot say that the aesthetic point of view is left out of consideration by him. This view again finds a development in the Laws , where the suggestion is advanced that we ourselves are a sort of pawn in a game of petteia that includes the whole world. But Venus is not the only one to be described in this way. Gothic literature can be viewed as the dark side of the human soul, as good usually triumphs over evil in storytelling; gothic literature is the release. On the other hand those who, like the lovers of beautiful sights, cultivate an aesthetic experience, do not grasp an identical beauty in many different entities if they grasped it, they would already have some grasp of the idea of beauty, what for them is explicitly excluded , but see those entities as being beautiful on many different grounds because of their colours, which are not identical in all of them, because of their figures, which again are not identical, and so forth, or because of a combination of colour and figure, etc. After receiving a Classics degree from Oxford and spending a brief spell in Paris, Arnold spent most of his life working as a schools inspector. Imitator of flute or bridle who is ignorant. This point is then said to have application to any living being, which must possess symmetry summetria. This problem of recognizing who is truly virtuous by distinguishing him from whom is not so does not arise in the case of painting, for the painter has no difficulty in recognizing the couch he wants to paint. Given Schlegel's conversion and the more conservative tendency of his later political thought, commentators have often raised questions about the continuity between the earlier romantic phase and Schlegel's later work. That said, I do not propose to rely very much on such periodizing terms for the remainder of this essay, lest they suggest implicit value judgments about the superiority of the Modern over the Victorian, etc. In any case he has in mind some sort of hierarchy of the arts, for he suggests that the person who possesses an art of use is in a condition to give instructions to the producer of the artefact that he produces, since he has knowledge of how to use that product. Whereas, we wish them to be artists, that is to say men. NY: Ignatius Press, Republic VI, b-c. What he adds in what follows, as the greatest accusation against mimetic poetry 33 , is not really different from what has already been said about its effect except in stressing its attractiveness. Keywords: national poet ; romanticism ; cultural nationalism ; cosmopolitanism ; world literature. Capra, Andrea, But there can be impostors because in most cases generals are genuine ones, and so forth. It is likely, given the importance that Plato attributes to choral dance in paideia , that he is thinking primarily of what is done in practising it. The alternative interpretation is that the person either deserves his fate, for he is not really as good as he seems to be, or, even if he does not fully deserve his fate, he should show steadfastness, without giving vent to his to some extent unavoidable feelings of pain. Socrates takes a further step to pit inspiration against reason. Among those in the audience for some of those lectures was probably Hegel, newly arrived in Jena, but there is considerable dispute about what Hegel—a bitter rival of Schlegel's for the remainder of his life—may or may not have gained from hearing them. Bibliography Annas, Julia, This argument is based not only in the moral obligation of the individual, but with the betterment of all of society in mind. The passage, thus rendered ad sensum , shows some suspicion towards all such imitation a fact that tends to be overlooked by those who adopt the interpretation I am criticizing. New York: Alfred A. Hanson trans. This view is developed in the case of the soul, and it is said that beauty for it consists in proportion or measure summetria and ugliness consists again in lack of measure ametria cf. Reading against Ruskin's intended purpose, we can locate in the extended space he accords to these considerations a certain anxiety over the objective truth of observed reality which was absent in Lessing, and which Ruskin would very much wish us not to concern ourselves with too deeply. Learn more. It is my contention that such a hatred as Yeats speaks of does animate the present generation [of post-Language avant-garde writers] although it is a hatred so thoroughgoing, so pervasive, and so unremitting as to make the articulation of it seem gratuitous, even falsifying.