The British Division of the International Academy of Pathology
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Studies of Cancer in Humans
2. Studies of Cancer in Humans 2.1 Burkitt9slymphoma 2.1.1 Clinical features and pathology 2.1.1 .1 Clinicalfeatures The jaw is the most frequently involved site and the commonest presenting feature in patients with Burkitt's lymphoma in equatorial Africa (Burkitt, 1958, 1970a) and Papua- New Guinea (ten Seldam et al., 1966; Bukitt, 1967; Magrath ef al., 1992). The tumour frequently affects multiple jaw quadrants (Figure 5). Jaw involvement is age-dependent, occurring much more frequently in young children, since it arises in close proximity to the developing molar tooth buds. In series of cases of Burkitt's lymphoma in Uganda, 70% of children under five years of age and 25% of patients over I4 had jaw invoIve- ment (Burkitt, 1970a). Very young children who do not have overt jaw tumours often have orbital involvement (Olurin & Williams, 1972; Figure 6); some of these orbital turnours may arise in the maxilla. In general, jaw involvement appears to be more frequent in regions of higher incidence, even within equatorial Africa; however, patients from, for example, highland regions in Africa, in which the annual incidence rate of Burktt's lymphoma is muck lower, are also of higher median age, and this probably accounts for the lower frequency of jaw turnours (Buxkitt & Wright, 1966; Kitinya & Lauren, 1982). It has been suggested that the frequency of jaw tumours is decreasing in some regions of equatorial Africa, with a corresponding increase in the fraction of abdominal turnours but with no clear change in the age-related incidence (Nawnah, 1984). Abdominal invo1vement is found in a little more than half of equatorial AErican patients at presentation (Burkitt & Wright, 1963; Burkitt, 1970b; Williams, 1975) and as many as 80% of patients in other countries (Magrath, 1991, 1997). -
1 What Is Pathology? James C
1 What is pathology? James C. E. Underwood History of pathology 4 Making diagnoses 9 Morbid anatomy 4 Diagnostic pathology 9 Microscopic and cellular pathology 4 Autopsies 9 Molecular pathology 5 Pathology, patients and populations 9 Cellular and molecular alterations in disease 5 Causes and agents of disease 9 Scope of pathology 5 The health of a nation 9 Clinical pathology 5 Preventing disability and premature death 9 Techniques of pathology 5 Pathology and personalised medicine 10 Learning pathology 7 Disease mechanisms 7 Systematic pathology 7 Building knowledge and understanding 8 Pathology in the problem-oriented integrated medical curriculum 8 3 PatHOLOGY, PatIENTS AND POPULatIONS 1 Keywords disease diagnosis pathology history 3.e1 1 WHat IS patHOLOGY? Of all the clinical disciplines, pathology is the one that most Table 1.1 Historical relationship between the hypothetic directly reflects the demystification of the human body that has causes of disease and the dependence on techniques for made medicine so effective and so humane. It expresses the truth their elucidation underpinning scientific medicine, the inhuman truth of the human body, and disperses the mist of evasion that characterises folk Techniques medicine and everyday thinking about sickness and health. Hypothetical supporting causal From: Hippocratic Oaths by Raymond Tallis cause of disease hypothesis Period Animism None Primitive, although Pathology is the scientific study of disease. Pathology the ideas persist in comprises scientific knowledge and diagnostic methods some cultures essential, first, for understanding diseases and their causes and, second, for their effective prevention and treatment. Magic None Primitive, although Pathology embraces the functional and structural changes the ideas persist in in disease, from the molecular level to the effects on the some cultures individual patient, and is continually developing as new research illuminates our knowledge of disease. -
Rudolf Virchow's Medical School Dissertation on Rheumatism And
SPECIAL ARTICLE Rudolf Virchow’s Medical School Dissertation on Rheumatism and the Cornea: Overlooked Tribute to the Cornea in Biomedical Research Curtis E. Margo, MD, MPH,*† and Lynn E. Harman, MD* theory to scientific-based concepts dealing with the cell.1,2 Purpose: ’ To critique Rudolf Virchow s medical school dissertation The event that usually marks this transition was a series on rheumatism and the cornea and to determine whether it might of biweekly lectures delivered at the Pathological Institute have anticipated his remarkable career in medicine. of the University of Berlin. From February through 3 Methods: Review of the English translation of Rudolf Virchow’s April 1858, Virchow introduced his doctrine of cellular de Rheumate Praesertim Corneae written in 1843. pathology, casting aside generations of conjecture about the nature of illness with the observation that the true Results: The dissertation was more than 7000 words long. Virchow nexus of disease resides in the chemical and physical considered rheumatism as an irritant disorder not induced by acid as activities of cells. Virchow used transcripts of these traditionally thought but by albumin. He concluded that inflamma- lectures to write his landmark text Cellular Pathology, tion was secondary to a primary irritant and that the “seat” of published later that year. The thesis of Cellular Pathology rheumatism was “gelatinous” (connective) tissues, which included was expressed so clearly and forcefully that popular the cornea. He divided kerato-rheumatism into different varieties. theories such as vitalism and humoral pathology were The prognosis of keratitis was variable, and would eventually lapse doomed to irrelevance. into “scrofulosis, syphilis, or arthritis of the cornea.” Although he was just 37 years old when he wrote Cellular Pathology, Virchow had become the leading voice Conclusions: ’ Virchow s dissertation characterizes rheumatism in in European medicine (Fig. -
A Note from History: Microscopic Contributions of Pioneer Pathologists
Available online at www.annclinlabsci.org Annals of Clinical & Laboratory Science, vol. 41, no. 2, 2011 201 A Note from History: Microscopic Contributions of Pioneer Pathologists Steven I. Hajdu Keywords: history of pathology, history of medicine, history of science, history of microscopy The microscope, such an integral part of with the microscope, physicians in the 17th and pathology today, was only reluctantly accepted 18th centuries were occupied with correlating by physicians at the time of its invention clinical and autopsy findings by naked eye in 1590. After the Dutch Zacharias Janssen examinations [5]. Although the term pathology invented the compound microscope by was introduced by the French physician Fernel combining convex lenses in a tube, Holland and (1497-1558) in 1554 [6], there were only Italy became centers for the production and use sporadic suggestions of using the microscope of the new instrument. The name “microscope” for pathologic studies [7,8]. Two of the greatest was first suggested in 1625 by Faber a botanist. autopsy pathologists, the Swiss Boneti (1620- Early users of the microscope in Italy included: 1689) and the Italian Morgagni (1682-1771) Galileo, an astronomer and physicist, Stelluti, never used a microscope. Later on, astute a naturalist, Fontana, an astronomer, Faber, a pathologists such as the French Bichat (1771- botanists, Spallanzani, a biologist, Kirche, a 1802), the English Baillie (1761-1823) and the Jesuit priest, and two physicians, Borelli and Austrian Rokitansky (1804-1878), continued Malpighi [1]. to make their pathologic observations the traditional way, purely by gross examination By the time the classical period of microscopy of diseased organs and tissues [9]. -
Select Biographical Sketches from the Notebooks of a Law Reporter
This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com 600022315 V I Sir Thomas Lawrence, Pinx. S. Ayllng, Photo. anwAaii — Lois a&StMi LORD CHIEF JUSTICE, 1801. 1 1 J ► -.Li'1-'*- '" ^OOME STREET, 1867. J2./0. e SELECT BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES FROM THE Note- Books of a Law Reporter. WILLIAM HEATH BENNET, Esq., OF LINCOLN'S INN, BARRISTER-AT-LAW. LONDON: GEORGE ROUTLEDGE and SONS, BROADWAY, LUDGATE HILL. NEW YORK: 416, BROOME STREET. 1867. J2./0. e //i?, LONDON : PRINTED BY TIIOMAS SCOTT, WARWICK CCURT, HOLBOBN. 7° THE EIGHT HONORABLE WILLIAM HENRY, BARON LEIGH, STONELEIGH, LORD LIEUTENANT OF THE COUNTY OF WARWICK; CUSTOS BOTULORUMj TRUSTEE OF BUSBY SCHOOL, 4c. Sc. &c. Qgfcfff gfUtthtt WITH HIS LORDSHIP'S PERMISSION, F ESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, THE AUTHOR. PREFACE. The following Sketches — for they pretend to little more than the word imports — were, at the time they were penned, thrown off without any intention of seeking for literary fame as the result of their publication. I entreat my readers to bear this in remem brance. The earlier ones appeared in a legal weekly periodical at the end of last year, and were received with some favour by many of its readers. I was subsequently advised to collect them in a separate form, to re-cast, and to enlarge them, as better adapted for more general circulation and perusal. This I have now done, and have added perhaps the more attractive feature to the Essays — Photographic Portraits of the eminent men upon whose lives and talents I have thus ventured to comment. -
Modernising Pathology Services
Modernising Pathology Services Modernising Pathology Services READER INFORMATION Policy Estates HR/Workforce Performance Management IM&T Planning Finance Clinical Partnership Working Document Purpose Best Practice Guidance ROCR Ref: Gateway Ref: 1516 Title Modernising Pathology Services Author DH Pathology Modernisation Team Publication Date Feb 2004 Target Audience PCT CEs, NHS Trusts CEs, StHAs CEs, Pathology managers and staff Circulation List Description Best practice guidance describes how pathology service design, particularly through developing managed networks, can help build the capacity required to deliver key targets and commitments. Services should focus on patients’ needs, and be kept up to date for their benefit, through new, appropriate and properly evaluated technologies, techniques and tests. Cross Ref Pathology – The Essential Service – Draft Guidance on Modernising Pathology Services Superceded Docs none Action required none Timing Contact Details Pathology Modernisation Team Area 423 Wellington House 133-155 Waterloo Road London SE1 8UG [email protected] For recipient use Contents Foreword from Minister of State for Health, John Hutton MP 1 Executive Summary 3 Chapter 1: Introduction 7 Chapter 2: Next Steps Locally: Building Capacity 13 Chapter 3: Modernisation Strategies 22 Chapter 4: National Support for Local Action 32 Annex 1: Sources of Further Information and Guidance 36 Annex 2: Pathology Modernisation Guidance Implementation Group Membership 49 Modernising Pathology Services Foreword from Minister of State for Health, John Hutton MP Pathology services are essential to delivery of the high quality evidence-based treatments and care which patients receive in the NHS, yet much of the work that pathology staff do is often invisible to the patients that they serve. -
Autopsy of a Bloody Era (1800-1860)
Chapter.1 Autopsy of a Bloody Era (1800-1860) The most nearly trustworthy records ofdiseases prevalent when Europeans first touched American shores are those ofthe Spanish explorers, for they were the earliest visitors who left enduring records ... Esmond- R. Long in A History ofAmerican Pathology. 1 IT WAS LATE January, practically springtime in South Texas, and the day was still fresh with the hope that morning brings. Suddenly, Francisco Basquez walked up to Private Francisco Gutierrez of the Alamo Company.2 "I am going to send you to the devil," he vowed, swiftly plung ing his hunting knife into Gutierrez. As the long keen blade slid between the soldier's fourth and fifth left ribs, Basquez imparted a quick, downward thrust. Soon after, on that morning of January 27, 1808, Don Jayme Gurza,3 Royal surgeon for the Alamo hospital at San Antonio de Bexar, examined the victim, reporting that he showed evidence of serious injury, had a weak and fast pulse, and was vomiting blood. "After observing all the rules and regulations demanded by medical procedure, Doctor Gurza applied the 'proper remedies,' in cluding a plaster." Gutierrez, however, died about twelve hours after admission to the Alamo hospital, and the doctor then performed his 1 2 THE HISTORY OF PATHOLOGYIN TEXAS final diagnosis-the autopsy. He found th~ abdomen full of blood. The hUhting knife had wbunded~the 'lung, lacerated the diaphragm, and severed large "near by" vessels. "Justice then, as now, was slow and halting," Pat Ireland Nixon observes, "Basquez skipped ,the country. However, he was tried in absentia, the trial lasting three months and filling 56 pages of the Spanish Archives, and was condemned to die by hanging." Dr. -
Portland Daily Press: January 19,1887
PORTLAND DAILY PRESS. PRICE THREE CENTS. ESTABLISHED JUNE 23, 1862—VOL. 24. PORTLAND, WEDNESDAY MORNING, JANUARY 19, 1887. today trom Treasurer • Report. and FOREICN. Manager MeGunnigle telegraphed County NPECIAL NOTICE'S. terms of contracts for the State and FROM WASHINGTON. ex-Commissioner Patten Congressmen of THE PORTLAND DAILY PPESS, FROM THE KENNEBEC. printing Brockton that he had a majority players COt'XTY TAX FOR 1806. for 1875-ii and 1885 and and Milliken. Brockton Published v binding the years b; Dingley who would give every day (Sundays excep' ft the The officers were elected: Jo- partially engaged, Towns. Amount. Unpaid. directing the State Treasurer to report the following and Portland a hard A meeting will 18244 PORTLAND PUBLISHING COMa <*6 of Alabama, Chas. The Recent Brutal Eviction Cases In tight. Baldwin.$ 182.44 t amount for State printing and binding seph Wheeler, president; House Thursday 043.32 at 87 The Legislature Elects a United paid Not His Tariff be held at the American Brtdgton. Kxchanoii Street. Portland, '•/fr the last four Mr. of Mr, Randall Pushing S. Hill, secretary ; A. Vanderbilt, treasurer. for the during years. Humbert, Ambrose Ireland. evening to take preliminary steps Brunswick. 1,302.71 1.662.71 DR. E. 8. Terms Donut a Year. To mall su.^ States Senator. Aroostook, who also became interested in the Bill at Present. The executive board includes Snow, 1 he organi- Capo Elizabeth. 1,0»'.16 a stock company. REED. scrlhers. Seven Dollars a Year. If S. formation of In advance. of paid had the scope of the inquiry ex- New York, chairman; Joseph Negley, be made under the char- Casco. -
The Future Role of Medical Graduates in Pathology Services
The Royal College of Pathologists The future role of medical graduates and consultants in pathology services This document was placed on the Fellows’ and Members’ Area of The Royal College of Pathologists’ website for consultation between 2 March and 23 March 2004. Twelve items of feedback were received, which were considered by the President in preparing this final version. Professor John A Lee Director of Publications This document was archived in Spring 2016 Further copies of this document can be obtained from the College website at www.rcpath.org © The Royal College of Pathologists 2004 INTRODUCTION 1. Defining the role of medical graduates in pathology services has concerned the College almost since its inception. In 1976, Sir Robert Williams, the fourth President, commented: “Next there is the question as to what pathologists in the various disciplines will (or should) be doing in the future, with particular relation perhaps to increased involvement in clinical work; here we come up against the sometimes delicate question of the distribution of duties and responsibilities between medically qualified pathologists, non-medical graduate scientists and laboratory technicians or scientific officers.” 2. The purposes, roles and duties of medical graduates in many other specialties have also been questioned, as non-medical healthcare professionals gradually assumed tasks and responsibilities traditionally associated with General Medical Council (GMC) registration. Writing in 1994, Sir Kenneth Calman, the former Chief Medical Officer (England), considered that doctors were essentially for diagnosis, a process requiring medical judgement: “However, there is one aspect of practice of profound importance which is generally carried out by doctors – that is in making a diagnosis and assessing its consequences. -
Rcpath Response to Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine Board Of
Response from the Royal College of Pathologists to Consultation ECR0195 – Consultation relating to the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine Board of Trus- tees’ recommendation to admit non-medically quali- fied individuals as members The Royal College of Pathologists’ written submission August 2017 For more information please contact: Rachael Liebmann Registrar The Royal College of Pathologists 4th Floor 21 Prescot Street London E1 8BB Phone: 020 7451 6700 Email: [email protected] Website: www.rcpath 1 About the Royal College of Pathologists 1.1 The Royal College of Pathologists (RCPath) is a professional membership organisa- tion with charitable status. It is committed to setting and maintaining professional standards and to promoting excellence in the teaching and practice of pathology. Pathology is the sci- ence at the heart of modern medicine and is involved in 70 per cent of all diagnoses made within the National Health Service. The College aims to advance the science and practice of pathology, to provide public education, to promote research in pathology and to disseminate the results. We have over 10,000 members across 19 specialties working in hospital labora- tories, universities and industry worldwide to diagnose, treat and prevent illness. 1.2 The Royal College of Pathologists response reflects comments made by past-Presi- dents of the College during the consultation, which ran from 7th July 2017 until the 18th Au- gust 2017 and collated by the Registrar, Dr Rachael Liebmann. 2 CONTENTS 2.1 This response from the Royal College of Pathologists is in relation to the recent call from the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine Board of Trustees for input to their Trustees’ recommendation to admit non-medically qualified individuals as members. -
The Independent Inquiry Into Histopathology Services
The Independent Inquiry into Histopathology Services A report for University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust December 2010 PANEL MEMBERS Jane Mishcon was appointed as Chair of the Inquiry. She is a barrister at Hailsham Chambers in London. She has 30 years‘ experience and her main area of practice is clinical negligence. She has chaired nine other independent inquiries. She is ranked as a leading barrister in clinical negligence in both the Legal 500 and Chambers UK Directories. Professor Sir James Underwood is Emeritus Professor of Pathology at the University of Sheffield. He served as President of the Royal College of Pathologists from 2002 to 2005 and latterly was Dean of Sheffield University's Faculty of Medicine. He has had over 30 years‘ experience as a consultant histopathologist in Sheffield. Ken Jarrold CBE is Chair of Dearden Consulting, of the County Durham Economic Partnership and of the Partnership Committee of the Child Exploitation On Line Protection Centre [CEOP] and a member of the CEOP Board. Ken was a manager in the NHS for 36 years including three years as Director of Human Resources and Deputy to the Chief Executive of the NHS in England and 20 years as a Chief Executive of Health Authorities including the County Durham and Tees Valley Strategic Health Authority and the Wessex Regional Health Authority. Dr Margaret Spittle OBE MSc FRCP FRCR AKC is a consultant clinical oncologist and emeritus consultant at University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Guys & St Thomas‘ Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. She was Dean of the Royal College of Radiologists and is a Government adviser on radiation safety. -
Sir John Antwisel Wyons Marions Sir John Townley Wyamarus Whalley * Temp
THE ENTWISLE FAMILY – Their ancestry according to B. Grimshaw By Peter Stanford in continuation of his earlier Review of the above work. This will attempt to follow the indicated lines of descent in more detail. Part I - The Early Ancestors? A speculative chart based on the information given by Grimshaw from claimed pedigrees of other families. In an attempt to aid examination and analysis, this has been arranged by the three generations mentioned so that apparent contemporaries appear on the same line. Sir John Antwisel Wyons Marions Sir John Townley Wyamarus Whalley * temp. Wm. I of Townley temp. Wm. I (1066-1087) lord of Stanfeld lord of Whalley Thomas Entwissel Jordan = a daughter Eustas Sir Bryan Upton = Godytha = Tiburia *dau.of Sir John A. *dau.of Sir John Antwisel Elizabeth = John temp.Wm. Rufus (1087-1100) (GAP: From this point there is a gap in Grimshaw’s narrative until Robert de Entwissel of 1212. I will pick up from there in Part 2.) Locations and communications: The most obvious meeting point between these various places would be in the vicinity of Burnley, which is where Towneley is situated, on its eastern side, twelve miles from Entwistle “as the crow flies”. Horses don’t fly, but it still looks like a short enough journey for a lusty young man on horseback using cross-country tracks; or a combination of them and the Roman road which runs right through Entwistle. There is a track of prehistoric origin, since much upgraded following much the same line, and which seems to have remained in continuous use, running from Whalley to Burnley, Towneley, Mereclough, then skirting Stansfield Moor and on to Heptonstall and beyond.