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Impact of Population Pressure on Environmental Degradation In IMPACT OF POPULATION PRESSURE ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN KATAGUM REGION, BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA NASIR MOHAMMED C50F/28781/2014 ATHESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS (POPULATION GEOGRAPHY) IN THE SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES, KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OCTOBER, 2019 i DECLARATION This research thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree or any other award in any university. Signature………………………… Date……………… Nasir Mohammed Department of Geography Kenyatta University, Nairobi SUPERVISORS We confirm that the thesis work was carried out by the candidate under our supervision. Signature………………………. Date………………… Prof. Leonard M. Kisovi Department of Geography Kenyatta University, Nairobi Signature……………………….. Date……………………. Dr. Francis O. Onsongo Department of Geography Kenyatta University, Nairobi ii DEDICATION I dedicate my research thesis to my beloved wife Ummi Muhammad, my children Khadija, Fatima, Amina, Hajara, Al-Amin, and Abubakar. Special dedication to my elder brother Sulaiman Muhammad Askira and my sister Hauwa’u and my final dedication goes to my Mum (Amina Muhammad) and my Dad (Muhammad Aliyu) iii ACKNOWLEDMENTS I wish to thank Almighty Allah for his wisdom to accomplish this task and also wish to acknowledge my supervisor Prof. Leonard M. Kisovi and Dr. Francis Onsongo for theirguidance, support,and encouragement in writing this thesis and my the Chairman Geography Department Dr. Thomas Kibutu, and also all members of staff in the Department of Geography Kenyatta University. I also wish to acknowledge my elder brother and his family who have supported me morally and financially in carrying out this research thesis, May Allah reward them with Jannatu Firdausi. I also wish to extend my gratitude to Mrs. Helen geography department, Susan, Harriet and Mr. John graduate school for their advice and guide. My graditute also to Mallam Usman Chilan kori, Jarman Azare and all my friends that include Dahuwa Alhaji Abdullahi, Dr. Kabir Shehu, Adamu Abdulhamid, Dr. Ali Fakandu, Hashim Ibrahim, members of Majalisar shayi 1and 2. In addition, I wish also to appreciate the prayer from my students in persons of Abubakar Lamido Jibrin, Ishaka, Jibrin, Aishatu Aliyu G, Jummai Muazu and Zainad Haruna Aliyu, Hussaina Zaki. Finally, special gratitude goes to my mother Amina Muhammad and my father Muhammad Aliyu for their prayers, kindness and general support in my studies. May Allah continue to bless and protect them. Amin. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ...................................................................................................................... ii DEDICATION ........................................................................................................................ iii ACKNOWLEDMENTS ........................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES AND PLATES………………………………………...………………………..x CONCEPTUAL AND DEFINITION OF TERMS ................................................................. xi ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .............................................................................. xiii ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................ xiv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 1 1.1BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY ....................................................................................... 1 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ..................................................................................... 3 1.3 JUSTIFICATION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ................................................. 3 1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ................................................................................................... 4 1.6 HYPOTHESES ..................................................................................................................... 5 1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATION ................................................................................................. 5 1.7.1 Scope .......................................................................................................................................... 5 1.7.2 Limitations.................................................................................................................................. 5 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................... 6 2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ........................................ 6 2.2 POPULATIONS-ENVIRONMENT NEXUS ........................................................................ 7 2.3 FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO POPULATION GROWTH IN NIGERIA ........................ 8 2.4 ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION ............................................................................ 9 v 2.5 BOSERUPIAN VIEW ON POPULATION ......................................................................... 10 2.5.1 Boserup View on Sub-Saharan Africa ....................................................................................... 10 2.6. POPULATION PRESSURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ...................... 11 2.6.1 Poverty ..................................................................................................................................... 12 2.6.2 Lack of opportunities. ............................................................................................................... 12 2.6.3 Religion influence ..................................................................................................................... 12 2.6.4 Lack of education...................................................................................................................... 12 2.6.5 Direct impact on agricultural development. ............................................................................. 13 2.6.6 Climate change ......................................................................................................................... 13 2.7 METHODS OF COPYING WITH POPULATION PRESSURE ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ..................................................................................................................... 14 2.8 MEASURES IN REDUCING POPULATION PRESSURE ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ..................................................................................................................... 15 2.9 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ........................................................................................ 16 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY ............................... 18 3.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 18 3.2 STUDY AREA ................................................................................................................... 18 3.3 RESEARCH DESIGN......................................................................................................... 20 3.4 DATA COLLECTION METHODS .................................................................................... 20 3.5 VARIABLES ...................................................................................................................... 20 3.6 TARGET POPULATION ................................................................................................... 21 3.7 SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND SAMPLE SIZE ............................................................ 21 3.8 RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS ............................................................................................ 22 3.8.1 Questionnaire ............................................................................................................................ 23 3.8.2 Interview schedule .................................................................................................................... 23 vi 3.8.3 Focus group discussion guide (F GD) ........................................................................................ 23 3.8.4 Secondary data collection .......................................................................................................... 23 3.9 DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURES ................................................................................... 24 3.11 ETHICAL AND LOGISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS ...................................................... 24 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ............................................................. 25 4.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 25 4.2 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS ......................................... 27 4.3 IMPACTS OF POPULATION PRESSURE ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN KATAGUM REGION .............................................................................................................. 29 4.4 COMMUNITY METHODS USED TO COPE WITH POPULATION PRESSURE ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN KATAGUM REGION .......................................... 40 4.4.1 Results and discussion of data on focus group discussion .......................................................... 41 4.4.2 Results and discussion of data on interviews conducted in the field
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